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This invention relates to an electronic printing apparatus for
producing images on a receiver having electric field-driven particles.
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There are several types of electric field-driven particles in the field
of non-emissive displays. One class is the so-called electrophoretic particle that is
based on the principle of movement of charged particles in an electric field. In an
electrophoretic receiver, the charged particles containing different reflective
optical densities can be moved by an electric field to or away from the viewing
side of the receiver, which produces a contrast in the optical density. Another
class of electric field-driven particles are particles carrying an electric dipole.
Each pole of the particle is associated with a different optical densities (bi-chromatic).
The electric dipole can be aligned by a pair of electrodes in two
directions, which orient each of the two polar surfaces to the viewing direction.
The different optical densities on the two halves of the particles thus produces a
contrast in the optical densities.
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To produce a high quality image it is essential to form a plurality of
image pixels by varying the electric field on a pixel wise basis. The electric fields
can be produced by a plurality pairs of electrodes embodied in the receiver as
disclosed in US-A-3,612,758. A shortcoming is that this solution requires the
incorporation of electrodes in the receiver, increasing the receiver complexity.
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It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic
printing apparatus for producing images on a receiver having electric field-driven
particles.
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Another object of the present invention is to reduce the complexity
of the receiver.
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These objects are achieved by an electronic printing apparatus,
comprising:
- a) means for storing a digitized image;
- b) a receptacle for receiving one or more receivers, each
receiver including field-driven particles in a matrix that can change reflective
density in response to an applied electric field;
- c) means for transporting a receiver to an image forming
position;
- d) an array of electrodes for selectively applying electric fields
at the image forming position across the receiver; and
- e) electronic control means coupled to the array for selectively
applying voltages to the array so that fields are applied at the image forming
position to field-driven particles at particular locations on the receiver
corresponding to pixels in the stored image sothat the electrodes produce an image
in the receiver corresponding to the stored image.
-
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An advantage of the present invention is that by using an externally
applied electric field to eliminate the need of electrodes in the receiver.
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An additional advantage is that the display content on the receiver
can be changed by electronic printing apparatus.
-
Another feature of the invention is that the print head is compatible
with a wide range of printing resolution.
- FIG. 1 shows the electronic printing apparatus 10 in accordance to
the present invention;
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the structure around the print head 40;
and
- FIG. 3a and 3b show a cross sectional view of the receiver 50 of
FIG. 1.
-
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FIG. 1 shows the electronic printing apparatus 10 in accordance to
the present invention. The electronic printing apparatus 10 includes a processing
unit 20, a logic and control electronics unit 30, a print head 40, a receiver 50 that
comprises electric field-driven particles in a matrix (see FIG. 3), a receiver
transport 60, and a receptacle 70. The print head 40 includes an array of pairs of
top electrode 80 and bottom electrode 90 corresponding to each pixel of the image
forming position on the receiver 50. The array of electrodes is contained in an
electrode structure 110. The electrode structure 110 is formed using polystyrene
as an insulating material. It is known that other insulating materials including
ceramics and plastics can be used. An electric voltage is applied by logic and
control electronics unit 30 across the pair of electrodes at each pixel location to
produce the desired optical density at that pixel. An electrically grounded shield
100 is provided to shield print head 40 from external electric fields. The
electrically grounded shield 100 isolates the print heads and fields applied at the
image forming position. A top view of the print head 40 is shown in FIG. 2.
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The receiver 50 is shown to be picked by a retard roller 120 from
the receptacle 70. Other receiver feed mechanisms are also compatible with the
present invention: for example, the receiver can be fed by single sheet or by a
receiver roll equipped with cutter. The term "receptacle" will be understood to
mean a device for receiving one or more receivers including a receiver tray, a
receiver roll holder, a single sheet feed slot and so forth. During the printing
process, the receiver 50 is supported by the platen 130 and guided by the guiding
plate 140, and is transported by the receiver transport 60.
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FIG. 2 shows a top view of the structure around the print head 40.
For clarity reasons, only selected components are shown. The receiver 50 is
shown to be transported under the print head 40 by the receiver transport 60. The
print head 40 is shown to include a plurality of top electrodes 80, each
corresponding to one pixel. The top electrodes 80 are located within holes in the
electrode structure 110. The bottom electrodes 90 of FIG. 1 are also disposed in
an electrode structure 110. The electrodes are distributed in a linear fashion to
form a linear array as shown in FIG. 2 to minimize electric field fringing effects
between adjacent pixels printed on the receiver 50. Different printing resolutions
are achievable across the receiver 50 by the different arrangements of the top
electrodes 80, including different electrode spacings. The printing resolution
down the receiver 50 can also be changed by controlling the receiver transport
speed by the receiver transport 60 or the rate of printing by controlling the logic
and control electronics unit 30.
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FIG. 3a and 3b show a cross sectional view of the receiver 50 of
FIG. 1. The receiver 50 is shown to comprise a plurality of electric field-driven
particles 200. The electric field-driven particles 200 are exemplified by bi-chromatic
particles, that is, half of the particle is white and the other half is of a
different color density such as black, yellow, magenta, cyan, red, green, blue, and
so forth. The bi-chromatic particles are electrically bi-polar. Each of the color
surfaces (for example white and black) is aligned with one pole of the dipole
direction. The stable electric field-driven particles 200 are suspended in a fluid
210 such as oil which are together encapsulated in a microcapsule 220. The
microcapsules 220 are immersed in matrix 230. An electric field induced in the
microcapsule 220 align the electric field-driven particles 200 to a low energy
direction in which the dipole opposes the electric field. When the field is removed
the particles state remains unchanged. FIG. 3a shows the electric field-driven
particle 200 in the white state as a result of field previously imposed by a negative
top electrode 80 of FIG. 1 and positive bottom electrode 90 of FIG. 1. FIG. 3b
shows the electric field-driven particle 200 in the black state as a result of field
previously imposed by a positive top electrode 80 of FIG. 1 and negative bottom
electrode 90 of FIG. 1. The receiver 50 shown here is less complex than the prior
art receiver structures comprising field-driven particles and addressing electrodes.
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The field-driven particles can include many different types, for
example, the bi-chromatic dipolar particles and electrophoretic particles. In this
regard, the following disclosures are herein incorporated in the present invention.
Details of the fabrication of the bi-chromatic dipolar particles and their addressing
configuration are disclosed in US-A-4,143,103; US-A-5,344,594; and US-A-5,604,027,
and in "A Newly Developed Electrical Twisting Ball Display" by
Saitoh and others p249-253, Proceedings of the SID, Vol. 23/4, 1982, the
disclosure of these references are incorporated herein by reference. Another type
of field-driven particle is disclosed in PCT Patent Application WO 97/04398. It is
understood that the present invention is compatible with many other types of field-driven
particles that can display different color densities under the influence of an
applied electrical field.
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Referring to FIG. 1, an electronic printing apparatus 10 in
accordance with the present invention is shown. A user sends a digital image to a
processing unit 20. Processing unit 20 receives the digital image and stores it in
an internal memory. It will be understood that the term "digital image" can
include only a portion of the finally produced image in the receiver, for example, a
line of the image. In such a situation, an input line buffer could be used in the
processing unit 20. All processes are controlled by processing unit 20 via which
works with logic and control electronics unit 30. The logic and control electronics
unit 30 addresses electrodes to provide electric fields as will be subsequently
described. A receiver 50 is picked from a receptacle 70 by a retard roller 120.
The receiver 50 is advanced until the leading edge engages receiver transport 60.
Retard roller 120 produces a retard tension against receiver transport 60 which
controls receiver 50 motion. As the receiver 50 is transported past the image
forming position between the array of pair of electrodes, each pixel of the digital
image produced by an electric field applied by the pair of the electrodes, top
electrode 80 and bottom electrode 90. Each pair of electrodes are driven in a
complementary fashion, bottom electrode 90 presents a voltage of opposite
polarity to the voltage produced by top electrode 80, each voltage referred to
ground. Each pixel location is driven according to the input digital image to
produce the desired optical density as described in FIGS. 3a and 3b. The pixel is
selected from the digital image to adjust for the relative location of each electrode
pair and transport motion. The receiver transport 60 advances the receiver 50 a
displacement which corresponds to a pixel pitch. The next set of pixels are
written according to the current position. The process is repeated until the entire
image is formed. The retard roller 120 disengages as the process continues and
the receiver transport 60 continues to control receiver 50 motion. The receiver
transport 60 moves the receiver 50 out of the electronic printing apparatus 10 to
eject the print. The receiver transport 60 and the retard roller 120 are close to the
image forming position under the electrodes 80 and 90, this improves control over
the receiver motion and improves print quality.
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The invention has been described in detail with particular reference
to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations
and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
PARTS LIST
-
- 10
- electronic printing apparatus
- 20
- processing unit
- 30
- logic and control electronics unit
- 40
- print head
- 50
- receiver
- 60
- receiver transport
- 70
- receptacle
- 80
- top electrode
- 90
- bottom electrode
- 100
- electrically grounded shield
- 110
- electrode structure
- 120
- retard roller
- 130
- platen
- 140
- guiding plate
- 200
- electric field-driven particle
- 210
- fluid
- 220
- microcapsule
- 230
- matrix