EP0933833A1 - Waveguide radiator - Google Patents

Waveguide radiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0933833A1
EP0933833A1 EP99100867A EP99100867A EP0933833A1 EP 0933833 A1 EP0933833 A1 EP 0933833A1 EP 99100867 A EP99100867 A EP 99100867A EP 99100867 A EP99100867 A EP 99100867A EP 0933833 A1 EP0933833 A1 EP 0933833A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
waveguide radiator
probe
short
coaxial
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EP99100867A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0933833B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Wolf
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Airbus DS GmbH
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DaimlerChrysler AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
    • H01P5/103—Hollow-waveguide/coaxial-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the innovation relates to a waveguide radiator consisting of a waveguide section with an aperture and a short-circuit wall and one coaxial feed and a transition from the coaxial feed to the waveguide radiator.
  • Such a waveguide radiator has become known from DE 42 13 539 A1.
  • This waveguide radiator has a straight waveguide section with a circular cross-section, one end of which is connected to a short-circuit plate is completed. The other end ends in a horn.
  • An axially extending rod is arranged on the short-circuit plate, of a transition together with two orthogonal coupling pins from a coaxial lead to a waveguide.
  • This type shows in addition to the coupling of the orthogonally fed waves the disadvantage that the feed takes up a significant amount of space has radial direction around the waveguide and that to form the radiation pattern a home heater is required.
  • the object of the invention is a waveguide radiator with coaxial feed to develop that with both round and square waveguides Can be used that does not protrude radially beyond the waveguide wall Has components and at least despite the short axial length equally good electrical performance data such as Patch or slot heater having.
  • the particular advantage of the waveguide radiator is that the o.g. Disadvantages of conventional designs can be avoided and that the waveguide radiator in particular with a length of only a little more very little coupling than a quarter of the operating wavelength the orthogonal wave components and a broadband characteristic has and also an arrangement in a tightly packed Array allowed, the coupling by means of simple adaptation measures between neighboring radiators can be largely reduced can.
  • the waveguide radiator 1 shows a waveguide radiator 1, which consists of a waveguide section 3 and a short circuit wall 2 and a circular Has aperture with the diameter of the waveguide section 3.
  • the coaxial supply 4 opens under the short-circuit wall 2.
  • the connection between the coaxial feed 4 and the waveguide section 3 takes place via an opening 5 in the short-circuit wall 2 through which a capacitive acting coaxial probe 6 is guided.
  • This probe 6 is by means of Connection 7 connected to the center conductor 8 of the coaxial supply 4.
  • the embodiment of the probe is detailed in DE 40 38 817 C1 described.
  • the aperture end of the capacitive coaxial Probe 6 is on a shorting bar running parallel to the short circuit wall 2 10 attached.
  • Symmetrical to the main axis A of the waveguide radiator 1 is a further probe 9 with a similar outer shape, which is on the one hand firmly connected to the short circuit wall 2 and the on the other hand is attached to the free end of the shorting bar 10.
  • the probes 6 and 9 together with the shorting bar 10 form the Coupling system for a polarization direction of a fundamental wave in the waveguide radiator 1.
  • 1 is in the waveguide radiator
  • Another similar coupling system consisting of probes 12 and 13 and the shorting bar 11 orthogonal to the first coupling system 6, 9, 10 arranged.
  • the feed from a separate coaxial feed is in not shown in the figures, but it corresponds to that already described Power for the first coupling system.
  • the two shorting bars 10 and 11 cross each other in the area of the main axis A. led that no electrical contact is made. This can - how 1 - by means of a height offset of both shorting bars respectively.
  • the length L o of the probes 6, 9, 12, 13 is approximately a quarter of the operating wavelength ⁇ .
  • the shorting bars 10, 11 are in the idle state due to the distance of ⁇ / 4 from the shorting wall 2.
  • the length L o of the probes can optionally be changed, as can the diameter D of the probes and their spacing S from one another. The transition designed as a balun is thus matched to the waveguide impedance.
  • the TEM wave that can propagate in the coaxial feed 4 is converted into the basic wave type of the waveguide 3.
  • the wave types H 01 ⁇ and H 10 ⁇ are created in the square waveguide and orthogonal H 11 wave types in the round waveguide.
  • the microwaves are emitted via the aperture of the waveguide radiator 1.
  • the aperture level is at a distance 1 from the shorting bars 10, 11 arranged away.
  • By varying the length l in The range 0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ becomes the secondary radiation contribution of the coupling device with a suitable amplitude and phase the radiation contribution superimposed on the waveguide aperture.
  • the waveguide radiator is distinguished due to a very compact design in the radial direction to the main beam axis A off. This makes a particularly close arrangement of several neighboring ones Coupling devices, such as those in a waveguide array needed, possible.
  • the dimensions of such a waveguide array lie in the area of the dimensions of a planar patch array which the waveguide array is characterized by better electrical performance data and features better broadband characteristics.

Abstract

The waveguide emitter has a circular guide section (3) and a short circuit wall (2). A coaxial supply (4) is formed in the base and an opening (5) is formed in the wall together with a capacitive probe (6) that has a connection (7) with the centre conductor of the supply. A short circuit bracket (10) is symmetrical about the main axis (A) and is connected to a second probe (9). The probes provide the coupling system for the polarisation direction.

Description

Die Neuerung betrifft einen Hohlleiterstrahler, bestehend aus einem Hohlleiterabschnitt mit einer Apertur und einer Kurzschlußwand sowie einer koaxialen Speisung und einem Übergang von der koaxialen Speisung auf den Hohlleiterstrahler.The innovation relates to a waveguide radiator consisting of a waveguide section with an aperture and a short-circuit wall and one coaxial feed and a transition from the coaxial feed to the waveguide radiator.

Ein derartiger Hohlleiterstrahler ist aus der DE 42 13 539 A1 bekannt geworden. Dieser Hohlleiterstrahler weist einen geraden Hohlleiterabschnitt mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt auf, dessen eines Ende mit einer Kurzschlußplatte abgeschlossen ist. Das andere Ende mündet in einen Hornstrahler. Auf der Kurzschlußplatte ist ein axial verlaufender Stab angeordnet, der zusammen mit zwei orthogonalen Koppelstiften einen Übergang von einer koaxialen Zuleitung auf einen Hohlleiter bildet. Diese Bauart weist neben der Verkopplung der orthogonal eingespeisten Wellen auch den Nachteil auf, daß die Einspeisung einen erheblichen Raumbedarf in radialer Richtung um den Hohlleiter hat und daß zur Formung des Strahlungsdiagrammes ein Homstrahler benötigt wird.Such a waveguide radiator has become known from DE 42 13 539 A1. This waveguide radiator has a straight waveguide section with a circular cross-section, one end of which is connected to a short-circuit plate is completed. The other end ends in a horn. An axially extending rod is arranged on the short-circuit plate, of a transition together with two orthogonal coupling pins from a coaxial lead to a waveguide. This type shows in addition to the coupling of the orthogonally fed waves the disadvantage that the feed takes up a significant amount of space has radial direction around the waveguide and that to form the radiation pattern a home heater is required.

Die DE 40 38 817 C1 beschreibt eine Kopplungsvorrichtung für zwei in übereinanderliegenden Ebenen verlaufenden Koaxialleitungssystemen. Dieser Übergang hat sich bewährt. Es ist jedoch kein Hinweis gegeben, wie diese Kopplungsvorrichtung in Verbindung mit einem Hohlleiterstrahler genutzt werden kann.DE 40 38 817 C1 describes a coupling device for two in coaxial line systems running one above the other. This transition has proven itself. However, there is no indication like this coupling device in connection with a waveguide radiator can be used.

Aus der Patentschrift US 3,680,138 ist ebenfalls ein Strahler für Arrayantennen bekannt geworden, der jedoch nur für die Abstrahlung linear polarisierter elektromagnetischer Strahlung geeignet ist. Es wird jedoch kein Hinweis darauf gegeben, auf welche Weise eine zirkular polarisierte Welle abgetrahlt und wie die Formung des Antennendiagramms optimiert werden könnte.From the patent US 3,680,138 is also a radiator for array antennas became known, but only for the radiation linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation is suitable. However, it won't Indicated on how a circularly polarized wave radiated and how the formation of the antenna pattern are optimized could.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung einen Hohlleiterstrahler mit koaxialer Speisung zu entwickeln, der sowohl mit runden wie auch quadratischen Hohlleitern verwendbar ist, der keine über die Hohlleiterwand radial hinausragenden Bauteile aufweist und der trotz kurzer axialer Baulänge wenigstens gleich gute elektrische Leistungsdaten wie z.B. Patch- oder Schlitzstrahler aufweist.The object of the invention is a waveguide radiator with coaxial feed to develop that with both round and square waveguides Can be used that does not protrude radially beyond the waveguide wall Has components and at least despite the short axial length equally good electrical performance data such as Patch or slot heater having.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved with the subject matter of claim 1, advantageous Refinements are specified in the subclaims.

Der besondere Vorteil des Hohlleiterstrahlers ist darin zu sehen, daß die o.g. Nachteile der konventionellen Bauformen vermieden werden und daß der Hohlleiterstrahler insbesondere bei einer Länge von nur wenig mehr als einem Viertel der Betriebswellenlänge eine nur sehr geringe Verkopplung der orthogonalen Wellenanteile und eine Breitbandcharakteristik aufweist und darüber hinaus eine Anordnung in einem dicht gepackten Array erlaubt, wobei mittels einfacher Anpassungsmaßnahmen die Verkopplung zwischen benachbarten Strahlern weitgehend reduziert werden können.The particular advantage of the waveguide radiator is that the o.g. Disadvantages of conventional designs can be avoided and that the waveguide radiator in particular with a length of only a little more very little coupling than a quarter of the operating wavelength the orthogonal wave components and a broadband characteristic has and also an arrangement in a tightly packed Array allowed, the coupling by means of simple adaptation measures between neighboring radiators can be largely reduced can.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch einen Übergang von einem koaxialen Leiter auf einen Hohlleiterstrahler,
Fig. 2
eine Aufsicht entsprechend Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
a section through a transition from a coaxial conductor to a waveguide radiator,
Fig. 2
a supervision corresponding to Fig. 1st

In der Figur 1 ist ein Hohlleiterstrahler 1 dargestellt, der aus einem Hohlleiterabschnitt 3 und einer Kurzschlußwand 2 besteht und eine kreisförmige Apertur mit dem Durchmesser des Hohlleiterabschnittes 3 aufweist. Unter der Kurzschlußwand 2 mündet die koaxiale Speisung 4. Die Verbindung zwischen der koaxialen Speisung 4 und dem Hohlleiterabschnitt 3 erfolgt über eine Öffnung 5 in der Kurzschlußwand 2, durch die eine kapazitiv wirkende koaxiale Sonde 6 geführt ist. Diese Sonde 6 ist mittels des Anschlusses 7 mit dem Mittelleiter 8 der koaxialen Speisung 4 verbunden. Die Ausführungsform der Sonde ist in der DE 40 38 817 C1 ausführlich beschrieben. Das aperturseitige Ende der kapazitiv wirkenden koaxialen Sonde 6 ist an einem parallel zur Kurzschlußwand 2 verlaufenden Kurzschlußbügel 10 befestigt. Symmetrisch zur Hauptachse A des Hohlleiterstrahlers 1 ist eine weitere Sonde 9 mit gleichartiger Außenform angeordnet, die einerseits mit der Kurzschlußwand 2 fest verbunden ist und die andererseits am freien Ende des Kurzschlußbügels 10 befestigt ist.1 shows a waveguide radiator 1, which consists of a waveguide section 3 and a short circuit wall 2 and a circular Has aperture with the diameter of the waveguide section 3. The coaxial supply 4 opens under the short-circuit wall 2. The connection between the coaxial feed 4 and the waveguide section 3 takes place via an opening 5 in the short-circuit wall 2 through which a capacitive acting coaxial probe 6 is guided. This probe 6 is by means of Connection 7 connected to the center conductor 8 of the coaxial supply 4. The embodiment of the probe is detailed in DE 40 38 817 C1 described. The aperture end of the capacitive coaxial Probe 6 is on a shorting bar running parallel to the short circuit wall 2 10 attached. Symmetrical to the main axis A of the waveguide radiator 1 is a further probe 9 with a similar outer shape, which is on the one hand firmly connected to the short circuit wall 2 and the on the other hand is attached to the free end of the shorting bar 10.

Die Sonden 6 und 9 bilden zusammen mit dem Kurzschlußbügel 10 das Koppelsystem für eine Polarisationsrichtung einer Grundwelle im Hohlleiterstrahler 1. Wie aus Fig. 2 zu ersehen, ist im Hohlleiterstrahler 1 ein weiteres gleichartiges Koppelsystem, bestehend aus den Sonden 12 und 13 und dem Kurzschlußbügel 11 orthogonal zum ersten Koppelsystem 6, 9, 10 angeordnet. Die Speisung aus einer eigenen koaxialen Speisung ist in den Figuren nicht dargestellt, sie entspricht jedoch der bereits beschriebenen Speisung für das erste Koppelsystem. Die beiden Kurzschlußbügel 10 und 11 sind im Bereich der Hauptachse A sich kreuzend so übereinander geführt, daß kein elektrischer Kontakt zustande kommt. Dies kann - wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich - mittels eines Höhenversatzes beider Kurzschlußbügel erfolgen.The probes 6 and 9 together with the shorting bar 10 form the Coupling system for a polarization direction of a fundamental wave in the waveguide radiator 1. As can be seen from FIG. 2, 1 is in the waveguide radiator Another similar coupling system, consisting of probes 12 and 13 and the shorting bar 11 orthogonal to the first coupling system 6, 9, 10 arranged. The feed from a separate coaxial feed is in not shown in the figures, but it corresponds to that already described Power for the first coupling system. The two shorting bars 10 and 11 cross each other in the area of the main axis A. led that no electrical contact is made. This can - how 1 - by means of a height offset of both shorting bars respectively.

Die Länge Lo der Sonden 6, 9, 12, 13 beträgt etwa ein Viertel der Betriebswellenlänge λ. Somit befinden sich die Kurzschlußbügel 10, 11 aufgrund des Abstandes von λ/4 von der Kurzschlußwand 2 im Zustand des Leerlaufes. Die Länge Lo der Sonden ist ggf. veränderbar, ebenso wie die Durchmesser D der Sonden und deren Abstand S zueinander. Damit wird der als Symmetrierglied ausgelegte Übergang an die Hohlleiterimpedanz angepaßt.The length L o of the probes 6, 9, 12, 13 is approximately a quarter of the operating wavelength λ. Thus, the shorting bars 10, 11 are in the idle state due to the distance of λ / 4 from the shorting wall 2. The length L o of the probes can optionally be changed, as can the diameter D of the probes and their spacing S from one another. The transition designed as a balun is thus matched to the waveguide impedance.

Mit Hilfe der Übergänge wird die in der koaxialen Speisung 4 ausbreitungsfähige TEM-Welle in den Grundwellentyp des Hohlleiters 3 umgewandelt. Im quadratischen Hohlleiter entstehen die Wellentypen H01 □ bzw. H10 □ und im runden Hohlleiter orthogonale H11-Wellentypen.With the help of the transitions, the TEM wave that can propagate in the coaxial feed 4 is converted into the basic wave type of the waveguide 3. The wave types H 01 □ and H 10 □ are created in the square waveguide and orthogonal H 11 wave types in the round waveguide.

Die Abstrahlung der Mikrowellen erfolgt über die Apertur des Hohlleiterstrahlers 1. Die Aperturebene ist hierbei in einem Abstand 1 von den Kurzschlußbügeln 10, 11 entfernt angeordnet. Durch Variation der Länge l im Bereich 0≤ 1 ≤ λ wird der sekundäre Strahlungsbeitrag der Einkoppelvorrichtung mit geeigneter Amplitude und Phase dem Strahlungsbeitrag der Hohlleiterapertur überlagert. Damit lassen sich Degradationen des Strahlungsdiagrammes durch Verkoppelungseffekte im Array-Betrieb mehrere gleichartiger Hohlleiterstrahler 1 (= mutual coupling) kompensieren. Dies ist ein entscheidender Vorteil der vorgeschlagenen Einkoppelvorrichtung, der bei bekannten Strahlerelementen wie Patch- oder Schlitzstrahlem nicht gegeben ist.The microwaves are emitted via the aperture of the waveguide radiator 1. The aperture level is at a distance 1 from the shorting bars 10, 11 arranged away. By varying the length l in The range 0≤1≤λ becomes the secondary radiation contribution of the coupling device with a suitable amplitude and phase the radiation contribution superimposed on the waveguide aperture. Degradation of the Radiation diagram through coupling effects in array operation compensate several similar waveguide radiators 1 (= mutual coupling). This is a decisive advantage of the proposed coupling device, of known radiator elements such as patch or slot radiators is not given.

Wie man aus Fig. 2 gut erkennen kann, zeichnet sich der Hohlleiterstrahler durch eine sehr kompakte Bauweise in radialer Richtung zur Hauptstrahlachse A aus. Dadurch ist eine besonders enge Anordnung mehrerer benachbarter Koppelvorrichtungen, wie sie etwa in einem Hohlleiter-Array benötigt wird, möglich. Die Abmessungen eines solchen Hohlleiter-Arrays liegen im Bereich der Abmessungen eines planaren Patch-Arrays, gegenüber dem sich das Hohlleiter-Array durch bessere elektrische Leistungsdaten und eine bessere Breitbandcharakteristik auszeichnet.As can be seen clearly from FIG. 2, the waveguide radiator is distinguished due to a very compact design in the radial direction to the main beam axis A off. This makes a particularly close arrangement of several neighboring ones Coupling devices, such as those in a waveguide array needed, possible. The dimensions of such a waveguide array lie in the area of the dimensions of a planar patch array which the waveguide array is characterized by better electrical performance data and features better broadband characteristics.

Claims (3)

Hohlleiterstrahler, bestehend aus einem Hohlleiterabschnitt mit einer Apertur und einer Kurzschlußwand sowie einer koaxialen Speisung und einem Übergang von der koaxialen Speisung auf den Hohlleiterstrahler, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale: a) der Hohlleiterabschnitt (3) des Hohlleiterstrahlers (1) weist eine Länge L = Lo + 1 (mit Lo = 1/4λ; 0 ≤ 1 ≤ λ; λ = Betriebswellenlänge) auf, b) die Einspeisung von der koaxialen Speisung (4) erfolgt über eine außermittig angeordnete Öffnung (5) in der Kurzschlußwand (2) mit Hilfe einer kapazitiv wirkenden koaxialen Sonde (6), bestehend aus einem Stift und einer kontaktlos den Stift teilweise umgebenden Hülse, bei der ein Anschluß (7) mit dem Mittelleiter (8) der koaxialen Speisung verbunden ist, c) eine weitere Sonde (9) mit gleichartiger Außenform ist symmetrisch bezüglich der Hauptachse (A) des Hohlleiterstrahlers (1) leitend auf der Kurzschlußwand (2) befestigt und das aperturseitige Ende der weiteren Sonde (9) ist mit dem aperturseitigen Ende der kapazitiv wirkenden koaxialen Sonde (6) mittels eines Kurzschlußbügels (10) verbunden. Waveguide radiator, consisting of a waveguide section with an aperture and a short-circuit wall as well as a coaxial feed and a transition from the coaxial feed to the waveguide radiator, characterized by the following features: a) the waveguide section (3) of the waveguide radiator (1) has a length L = L O + 1 (with L o = 1 / 4λ; 0 ≤ 1 ≤ λ; λ = operating wavelength), b) the coaxial feed (4) is fed in via an eccentrically arranged opening (5) in the short-circuit wall (2) with the aid of a capacitive coaxial probe (6), consisting of a pin and a sleeve partially surrounding the pin without contact, in which a connection (7) is connected to the center conductor (8) of the coaxial feed, c) another probe (9) with a similar outer shape is symmetrically attached to the short-circuit wall (2) symmetrically with respect to the main axis (A) of the waveguide radiator (1) and the aperture-side end of the further probe (9) is capacitive-acting with the aperture-side end coaxial probe (6) connected by means of a shorting bar (10). Hohlleiterstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sonden (6, 9) eine Länge von etwa einem Viertel der Betriebswellenlänge aufweisen. Waveguide radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the probes (6, 9) have a length of about a quarter of the operating wavelength. Hohlleiterstrahler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß orthogonal zur ersten Einkoppelvorrichtung, bestehend aus den beiden Sonden (6, 9) und dem Kurzschlußbügel (10) eine weitere gleichartige Einkoppelvorrichtung (11, 12, 13) auf der Kurzschlußwand (2) angeordnet ist, wobei die Kurzschlußbügel (10, 11) im Bereich der Hauptachse (A) des Hohlleiterstrahlers (1) kontaktlos übereinander geführt sind.Waveguide radiator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a further coupling device (11, 12, 13) of the same type is arranged orthogonally to the first coupling device, consisting of the two probes (6, 9) and the shorting bar (10), on the short circuit wall (2) is, the shorting bar (10, 11) in the area of the main axis (A) of the waveguide radiator (1) are guided contactlessly one above the other.
EP99100867A 1998-01-30 1999-01-19 Waveguide radiator Expired - Lifetime EP0933833B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803565 1998-01-30
DE19803565 1998-01-30

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EP0933833B1 EP0933833B1 (en) 2003-11-19

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US (1) US6154183A (en)
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CA (1) CA2260394A1 (en)
DE (1) DE29818848U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2207037T3 (en)

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CA2260394A1 (en) 1999-07-30
DE29818848U1 (en) 1999-01-07
EP0933833B1 (en) 2003-11-19
ES2207037T3 (en) 2004-05-16
US6154183A (en) 2000-11-28

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