EP0793758A1 - Verfahren zur feuchtigkeitsabdichtung von mauerwerk - Google Patents
Verfahren zur feuchtigkeitsabdichtung von mauerwerkInfo
- Publication number
- EP0793758A1 EP0793758A1 EP95936959A EP95936959A EP0793758A1 EP 0793758 A1 EP0793758 A1 EP 0793758A1 EP 95936959 A EP95936959 A EP 95936959A EP 95936959 A EP95936959 A EP 95936959A EP 0793758 A1 EP0793758 A1 EP 0793758A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- masonry
- wax
- substance
- channel
- heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
- E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses
- E04B1/648—Damp-proof courses obtained by injection or infiltration of water-proofing agents into an existing wall
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the moisture sealing of masonry, in particular for the surface sealing of inner walls, by means of wax-like substances.
- Masonry in the sense of the present invention is understood to mean both building masonry, in particular inner walls and floor surfaces, and containers such as water containers, columns and figures made of stone and the like, which consist of natural stone or synthetic building materials such as gas concrete blocks and a capillary system exhibit.
- Outer wall seals are often preferred for sealing the masonry against moisture, since this not only protects the interior, but also the masonry itself from moisture damage.
- an outer wall seal is not always possible, since the outer wall often adjoins a built-up area, which is present, for example, in row houses, asphalt roads and the like, so that the outer wall is not accessible.
- the soil would have to be excavated in order to make the outer wall accessible, which is associated with high costs. This applies in particular to foundations or Basement floors.
- the removal of the applied sealing sludge is caused by the fact that when the water in the masonry is high in salt content, salts crystallize on the inside of the masonry, since the water diffuses into the mostly heated cellars.
- the crystallizing salts blow off the sealing slurries which are only applied superficially. Furthermore, such sealing slurries are difficult to dispose of due to the content of hydrophobizing plastic and are not ecologically harmless.
- blind holes are made from one side into the wall to be treated at intervals, into which, if necessary after predrying, molten wax or a corresponding hydrophobic casting compound is pressed under excess pressure. Potting compound, temperature and injection pressure are chosen so that the pores of the masonry are sealed around the blind hole. For such a method, however, it is necessary to make blind holes in the masonry and thus to destroy it locally.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for waterproofing masonry which is non-destructive, ecologically harmless and can be carried out with little effort, which ensures that the sealed masonry is resistant to pressurized water and in particular also for sealing large areas such as walls and the like is applicable.
- the object is achieved in that the wax-like substance serving for capillary blockage and / or the masonry are heated to temperatures above the melting point of the wax-like substance, the wax-like substance is applied to the masonry over a large area and during an exposure time with use of the capillary forces of the masonry penetrates into the depth of the masonry.
- large areas of the masonry can be sealed against moisture in a non-destructive manner in one work step.
- the masonry of a basement wall or a foundation can be heated over its entire height in a width of, for example, one meter to temperatures above the melting point of the wax-like substance and the wax-like substance can be applied to the preheated surface. Due to the capillary forces of the masonry, the liquid waxy substance penetrates into the capillaries of the masonry, preferably over a few centimeters, until it solidifies. This will the capillary system of the masonry becomes hydrophobic or blocked and protected from the ingress of moisture.
- the method can be carried out in an adjacent area, so that ultimately the entire surface, for example of a cellar inner wall, can be sealed against moisture. Because the wax-like substance penetrates into the capillary system of the masonry, a high pressure water resistance and salt resistance of the seal are achieved, which is also water vapor tight.
- the depth of the area sealed against moisture depends on the capillary structure and the temperature of the masonry and the temperature and the melting point of the wax-like substance. A particularly good moisture seal is obtained if both the masonry and the wax-like material are heated above their melting temperature. If necessary, the method according to the invention can also be repeated on a masonry area that has already been treated, so that the masonry is sealed over a greater depth, possibly over the entire cross section.
- Paraffin in particular, but also technical waxes can be used as ecologically harmless substances as a waxy substance.
- the masonry is pre-dried before exposure to the wax-like material at temperatures above 100 ° C, particularly preferably at about 120 ° C, which allows a deeper penetration of the wax-like material into the masonry.
- individual vertical wall strips can be heated by means of a heating device, with the wax-like material being acted upon immediately after the desired temperature of the masonry has been reached.
- the atmospheric humidity of the to Masonry adjacent room by increasing the room temperature, preferably to about 50 ° C, and / or reduced by water-absorbing agents such as silica gel.
- This process step can also be carried out over a longer period of time, for example over a few days, and thus the surface moisture and condensation water can be removed.
- the masonry is loaded with a wax-like material in such a way that a gutter which is open towards the masonry and is liquid-tightly sealed to the masonry at the bottom and bottom is attached to the masonry and that the wax-like groove introduced into the gutter is attached Fabric is melted.
- the channel can be open at the top. This ensures easy handling of the wax-like material and enables it to act on the masonry for a long time.
- the wax-like material can easily be heated to temperatures far above the melting point and brought into direct contact with the masonry.
- the channel can be fastened by means of a frame which is supported on the floor side or on a wall opposite the wall to be sealed.
- the channel can also be supported by fastening means, for example by screw connections, which are introduced into the masonry.
- the channel can be sealed by means of heat-resistant silicone seals, which can be cut out from corresponding, commercially available mats adapted to the geometry of the channel.
- the channel can extend over almost the entire height of the wall to be sealed or over the entire width thereof, so that large areas of the wall can be sealed in a single step.
- the depth of the channel can be selected so that the amount of the wax-like substance that is increased by this is adapted to the absorption capacity of the masonry.
- the shape of the channel can be adapted to that of the masonry to be sealed, so that for example by means of semicircular channels also supporting pillars can be sealed against moisture in churches and the like.
- the process can be carried out in such a way that molten wax is introduced into the channel.
- the channel can also be heated, so that premature solidification of the wax-like material introduced into the channel can be prevented.
- Heating elements can be introduced directly into the melted wax-like substance.
- the side walls and / or the bottom of the channel are advantageously heated with heating elements attached to the outside of the channel, so that local overheating of the wax-like material is avoided.
- the channel is sealed gas-tight with a lid and provided with a pressure compensation device, then wax-like substance introduced into the channel in a solid state of aggregation can be melted in it and, due to the gas-tight seal, can be heated to temperatures slightly below the decomposition point. This ensures a high level of work safety and protects the space adjacent to the masonry treated from vapors of the wax-like material.
- a closable drain can be arranged on the bottom of the channel, so that the wax-like substance remaining in the channel can simply be removed from the channel before it solidifies when the method is ended.
- the drain can be connected directly to a collecting container, for example via a pump. Liquid lifters can also be used instead.
- the pressure compensation device can also be designed in such a way that, via a corresponding pressure generating device, an overpressure can be set in the interior of the channel.
- the wax-like substance can be applied to the masonry by means of wax-soaked, large-area, flexible carrier materials.
- flexible carrier materials In particular, textile fabrics or foams can advantageously be used as flexible carrier materials. It may be sufficient to bring the wax-impregnated flexible carrier material into contact with the preheated masonry under manual pressure.
- the penetration of the wax-like material into the masonry is supported in that the flexible carrier material is pressurized against the masonry by means of a large-area stamp, so that the wax-like material penetrates the masonry under pressure. Pressures of a few bars can be achieved.
- the flexible carrier material serves as a reservoir for the wax-like material, and the layer thickness of the textile carrier material can be adapted to the capacity of the masonry for the wax-like material.
- the penetration of the wax-like substance into the capillary system of the masonry is further supported in that the plunger is preferably heated above the melting temperature to a maximum of the decomposition temperature of the wax. If the stamp is sealed with a sleeve on all sides with respect to the masonry, both the contact pressure and the temperature of the wax can be varied over wide areas and at the same time a high level of occupational safety is guaranteed.
- the masonry to be sealed is provided with a surface covering with the wax-like material and the applied wall covering is heated above the melting point of the wax-like material.
- the wax-like substance is initially distributed in the capillary system of the wall covering, as a result of which there is already sufficient moisture sealing.
- the waxy material can also penetrate into the capillary system of the adjoining masonry, as a result of which a deeper masonry seal can be achieved. It has been found to be particularly advantageous that, due to the distribution of the wax in the wall covering, moisture-proofing of the wall requires lower temperatures compared to the previously described method. If paraffin is used, a heating of 80 ° C instead of approx. 120 ° C is sufficient.
- a watertight seal for example by means of known hydraulically setting sealing slurries, can be applied to the masonry between the masonry and the wall covering. This allows the wall covering to dry out, even if it is applied directly to masonry that is still damp. Since the sealing slurries are covered on the outside by a mechanically stable wall covering, local loosening of the sealing slurries due to the crystallization of salts is also prevented.
- the wall covering can be designed as a porous insulation board, for example as a calcium silicate board, or as a plaster containing the waxy substance.
- the wax-like material of the wall covering during their production in the form of beads or as a suspension, whereby a uniform distribution of the wax and a simple production of the wall covering are made possible.
- the insulation boards can also be provided with the wax-like material by melt impregnation at the factory.
- FIG. 1 shows a device for carrying out the method according to the invention by means of a channel which is open at the top on the masonry to be sealed;
- FIG. 2 shows a device for carrying out the method according to the invention by means of a closable channel arranged on the masonry to be sealed;
- FIG. 3 shows a device for carrying out a further variant of the method by means of wax-soaked, large-area flexible carrier materials
- FIG. 4 shows an implementation of the method according to a further variant by means of insulating boards (left) and an insulating plaster (right).
- the wax-like material can be applied to the masonry to be sealed by means of the channel 1 shown in FIG. 1.
- the channel 1 open at the top, which has a length of approximately 2 and a height of approximately 1 m, is to be sealed to the one to be sealed Wall 2 opened and sealed against this with the seal 3 consisting of a heat-resistant silicone.
- the channel 1 is supported by the linkage 4 on the bottom and back and pressurized against the wall 2, so that the channel 1 lies tight against the wall 2.
- the linkage 4 can also be designed as a lifting linkage anchored in the floor, which allows the height of the channel 1 to be adjusted easily. possible, and have a pivotable receptacle that pressurizes the channel against the wall.
- the channel 1 has heating elements 5 on the bottom and rear, which are designed as flexible heating coils, which in the simplest case can be attached to the channel 1 by means of an adhesive tape. This enables a simple adaptation of the heated area of the channel 1 to the respective requirements.
- the channel 1 is filled with paraffin 6, which is introduced into the channel 1 in the melted state or can only be melted in this. Because the channel 1 is open at the top, the channel is easy to fill and the process can be easily followed on the basis of the level of the channel.
- the channel 1 is additionally provided with a closable cover 7, which is sealed off from the wall 2 by means of the seal 3.
- the paraffin 6 located in the channel 1 can thus be heated to temperatures far above the melting point without the space adjacent to the wall 2 being exposed to paraffin vapors.
- the channel 1 is provided on the bottom with an outlet 8, which can be closed by means of a valve 9, so that the liquid paraffin still present in the channel 1 after the method has ended can be easily removed through the outlet 8.
- the cover 7 can be locked by means of a closure 10 and the channel is provided with a pressure equalization 11, the one located in the channel 1 can Provide liquid paraffin 6 with a slight excess pressure by means of a pressure generating device (not shown in more detail) that can be connected to the pressure equalization 11 and thus support its penetration into the capillary system of the masonry. If necessary, the masonry can be predried.
- the method can be carried out in such a way that the paraffin is applied to the masonry to be sealed (possibly after lowering the room and wall moisture and pre-drying) by means of paraffin-impregnated, large-area flexible carrier materials such as textile fabrics.
- the paraffin can be introduced into the masonry in that a paraffin-impregnated mat of a flexible carrier material, such as, for example, a cotton or plastic fabric 12, is applied over a large area to the masonry 13 (FIG. 3).
- a paraffin-impregnated mat of a flexible carrier material such as, for example, a cotton or plastic fabric 12
- the backing material prevents molten paraffin from running down the heated wall.
- the tissue mat 12 is pressed against the masonry 13 by means of a hydraulically actuated punch 14, which ensures close contact with the masonry 13 and, due to the pressure, allows the paraffin to penetrate deeper into the capillary system of the masonry.
- the stamp 14 is further provided with heating elements 15, so that premature rigid paraffin is prevented, the stamp 14 being surrounded by an elastically deformable sleeve 16 which rests sealingly on the masonry and at impact of the fabric mat 12 is elastically deformed by the stamp 14, so that the stamp 14 is always in contact with the tissue mat 12.
- the capillary system of the fabric mat 12 ensures that paraffin melted on vertical walls is applied evenly over the height of the masonry and that there is not only sufficient sealing in the lower area of the fabric mat 11.
- the gutter shown in FIG. 1 can pre-dry the masonry and the adjoining room.
- the heating elements 5 and 15 can be designed to be controllable and temperature sensors can be attached to the channel 1 or the stamp 14 in order to ensure adequate process control.
- insulation panels 17, which are provided with the wax-like material, are attached to the wall to be sealed.
- calcium silicate boards can be used as insulation boards, in which paraffin is embedded in the form of beads.
- the insulation boards can also be impregnated with melted paraffin.
- the insulation boards have sufficient strength so that they can be fastened to the wall 18 by means of nails, dowels and the like.
- the insulation boards can also be fastened to the wall by means of a cement or gypsum plaster, as a result of which adequate moisture sealing of the interior can already be achieved.
- the insulation panels 17 attached to the wall 18 can, however, also subsequently be heat-treated, the paraffin melting and penetrating into the masonry.
- the wall 18 is advantageously pre-dried beforehand, as described above.
- 4 (right) shows a masonry sealed against moisture, which is covered with a plaster 19 provided with paraffin beads, wherein generally known cement or gypsum plasters can be used.
- the plaster 19 applied in the usual way is likewise heated to temperatures above the melting temperature of the paraffin, so that the paraffin is distributed evenly in the plaster.
- a sealing layer 20 of sealing slurry is drawn in between plaster 19 and wall 18, so that the plaster is protected against moisture penetrating from the masonry and can dry out before it is heated. This reduces the risk of the plaster cracking and the drying temperature of the plaster compared to a process variant without a sealing layer.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4441643 | 1994-11-23 | ||
DE4441643 | 1994-11-23 | ||
PCT/DE1995/001640 WO1996016237A1 (de) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-23 | Verfahren zur feuchtigkeitsabdichtung von mauerwerk |
US08/851,689 US5885865A (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1997-05-06 | Method for making low-topography buried capacitor by a two stage etching process and device made |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0793758A1 true EP0793758A1 (de) | 1997-09-10 |
EP0793758B1 EP0793758B1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
Family
ID=25942208
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95936959A Expired - Lifetime EP0793758B1 (de) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-23 | Verfahren zur Feuchtigkeitsabdichtung von Mauerwerk |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5885865A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0793758B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE172510T1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ292440B6 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59504019D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0793758T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2124025T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HU220002B (de) |
PL (1) | PL321190A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2135716C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996016237A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5652170A (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-29 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method for etching sloped contact openings in polysilicon |
US6143276A (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2000-11-07 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for delivering bioactive agents to regions of elevated temperatures |
TW421849B (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2001-02-11 | Winbond Electronics Corp | Structure of multi-layered dielectric opening and its fabricating method |
AT408221B (de) * | 1999-06-08 | 2001-09-25 | Niv Spezial Grundbaugesellscha | Spezialmörtel zur feuchtigkeitsabdichtung |
US6130168A (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2000-10-10 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Using ONO as hard mask to reduce STI oxide loss on low voltage device in flash or EPROM process |
US6258729B1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-07-10 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Oxide etching method and structures resulting from same |
US6441418B1 (en) * | 1999-11-01 | 2002-08-27 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Spacer narrowed, dual width contact for charge gain reduction |
US6551923B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2003-04-22 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Dual width contact for charge gain reduction |
US6242331B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-06-05 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company | Method to reduce device contact resistance using a hydrogen peroxide treatment |
KR100388682B1 (ko) | 2001-03-03 | 2003-06-25 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체 메모리 장치의 스토리지 전극층 및 그 형성방법 |
US6410955B1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-06-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Comb-shaped capacitor for use in integrated circuits |
US6888217B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2005-05-03 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Capacitor for use in an integrated circuit |
GB2386471B (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-04-07 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | A method for fabricating a one-cylinder stack capacitor |
KR100434496B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-06-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 단일 실린더 스택형 커패시터 및 이중 몰드를 이용한 제조방법 |
US7875547B2 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2011-01-25 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Contact hole structures and contact structures and fabrication methods thereof |
KR100855992B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-09-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 경사진 측벽을 갖는 활성 필라를 구비하는 비휘발성 메모리트랜지스터, 이를 구비하는 비휘발성 메모리 어레이 및상기 비휘발성 메모리 트랜지스터의 제조방법 |
DE102017114282A1 (de) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | BKM.Mannesmann AG | Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien nachträglichen Einbau einer Horizontalsperre in eine gemauerte Denkmalswand |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE195381C (de) * | ||||
GB852938A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1960-11-02 | Richardson & Starling Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the reduction or prevention of dampness in walls andother permeable surfaces of building structures |
DE1962974A1 (de) * | 1969-12-16 | 1971-06-24 | Lasthaus Josef Wilhelm | Verfahren zur Isolierung von Bauwerken gegen aufsteigende Mauerfeuchtigkeit |
SU643600A1 (ru) * | 1977-10-25 | 1979-01-25 | Полтавский инженерно-строительный институт | Способ устройсва гидроизол ции |
DE3535654A1 (de) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-23 | Friedrich Roehrmann | Verfahren zum trocknen und isolieren von feuchtem mauerwerk |
DE4208798C2 (de) * | 1992-03-19 | 2002-09-26 | Isotec Franchise Systeme Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von heißem Paraffin in Mauerwerk |
US5401681A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1995-03-28 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of forming a bit line over capacitor array of memory cells |
US5494841A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1996-02-27 | Micron Semiconductor, Inc. | Split-polysilicon CMOS process for multi-megabit dynamic memories incorporating stacked container capacitor cells |
US5604147A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1997-02-18 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of forming a cylindrical container stacked capacitor |
-
1995
- 1995-11-23 EP EP95936959A patent/EP0793758B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-23 RU RU97110216/03A patent/RU2135716C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-23 WO PCT/DE1995/001640 patent/WO1996016237A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-23 PL PL95321190A patent/PL321190A1/xx unknown
- 1995-11-23 HU HU9702431A patent/HU220002B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-23 DE DE59504019T patent/DE59504019D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-23 AT AT95936959T patent/ATE172510T1/de active
- 1995-11-23 DK DK95936959T patent/DK0793758T3/da active
- 1995-11-23 CZ CZ19971436A patent/CZ292440B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-23 ES ES95936959T patent/ES2124025T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-06 US US08/851,689 patent/US5885865A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9616237A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0793758T3 (da) | 1999-06-28 |
HUT77580A (hu) | 1998-06-29 |
ES2124025T3 (es) | 1999-01-16 |
WO1996016237A1 (de) | 1996-05-30 |
US5885865A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
PL321190A1 (en) | 1997-11-24 |
ATE172510T1 (de) | 1998-11-15 |
EP0793758B1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
RU2135716C1 (ru) | 1999-08-27 |
CZ143697A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
CZ292440B6 (cs) | 2003-09-17 |
HU220002B (hu) | 2001-10-28 |
DE59504019D1 (de) | 1998-11-26 |
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