EP0723575A1 - Ester fluids with high temperature stability - Google Patents
Ester fluids with high temperature stabilityInfo
- Publication number
- EP0723575A1 EP0723575A1 EP94930404A EP94930404A EP0723575A1 EP 0723575 A1 EP0723575 A1 EP 0723575A1 EP 94930404 A EP94930404 A EP 94930404A EP 94930404 A EP94930404 A EP 94930404A EP 0723575 A1 EP0723575 A1 EP 0723575A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- carbon atoms
- lubricant
- oil
- reaction product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2406—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides
- C10L1/2418—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides containing a carboxylic substituted; derivatives thereof, e.g. esters
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
- C07C319/20—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/10—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/18—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/20—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton with singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/72—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/50—Medical uses
Definitions
- the invention relates to esters of sulfur-containing mono or polyhydroxy-derived aro atics which exhibit high temperature oxidative stability and antiwear characteristics.
- the ester can be used as a lubricant basestoc , a blending stock, or as an additive in a lubricant basestock.
- Oxidation of a lubricating fluid can occur during ordinary, as well as severe, conditions of use. Oxidation causes the properties and the chemical structure of the fluid to change dramatically, leading to bearing corrosion, piston ring sticking, lacquer and sludge formation and excessive fluid viscosity.
- Current commercial synthetic lubricant base fluids are not suitable for high temperature engine operation, they tend to degrade under rigorous thermal/oxidative conditions. Because of this, they have an operating ceiling of about 200 to 250°C, in the presence of antioxidants. While future engine temperatures increase to boost engine operating efficiency, new classes of base fluids need to be developed.
- Fluids such as polyphenyl ethers or perfluoro hydrocarbon fluids are useful at high temperatures, they are expensive and their lubricating properties are limited, particularly at low temperatures, having a pour point range of about 10-15°C which is not suitable for most lubricant uses.
- the common practice of the art utilizes an antioxidant to reduce the rate of oxidation of the lubricating oil and thereby improve the apparent thermal/oxidative stability.
- Direct frictional contact between relatively moving surfaces even in the presence of a lubricant can cause wear of the surfaces.
- the elimination of wear is an ideal goal which is approached by blending the lubricating media with additives which can reduce the wear.
- the most suitable antiwear additives are those that help to create and maintain a persistent film of lubricant even under severe conditions such as high temperatures which thin the lubricant film and extreme pressures which squeeze the lubricant film away from the contacting surfaces. Wear is most serious in internal combustion engines, diesel engines and gasoline engines in which metal parts are exposed to sliding, rolling and other types of forceful, frictional mechanical contact.
- Sulfur-containing derivatives such as 4,4- thiodiphenol
- Sulfur-containing derivatives such as 4,4- thiodiphenol
- a concern is that they are known to degrade upon exposure to high temperatures, i.e., over about 50°F, during engine operation leading to engine corrosion and deposit formation.
- Thiophenol-derived reaction products have been considered to solve these problems.
- transition/alkali metal complexes of thiobis(alkylphenols) are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,211,663 for their antioxidant performance in lubricating oils.
- various non-metal derivatives have been developed.
- Borated diol-phenol sulfides are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,906,390 for their friction and corrosion reducing properties in lubricants.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,440,655 describes lubricant additives made by using a thiodiphenol in a Mannich reaction.
- 4,460,486 describes a polyoxyalkylene compound derived from 4,4'-thiodiphenol useful as fiber and rubber lubricant additives having antioxidant properties.
- Derivatives of phenolic thioacetals as lubricant additives having antioxidant properties are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,305,832.
- a nucleophilic substitution reaction between alcohols and acylhalides to produce esters is known as described in March Advanced Organic Chemistry, pp. 346-347 (1985) .
- This invention is more particularly directed to alkyl esters of sulfur-containing mono or poly hydroxy-derived aromatics which exhibit excellent high temperature antioxidant properties.
- lubricant basestock can be used as an additive or a lubricant basestock, and can be used in engine oils, marine lubricants, aviation, industrial gear, compressor, way, hydraulic, diesel automotive and other lubricant applications.
- Antiwear and extreme pressure resistant properties, additional antifatigue, detergents, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, antistaining, emulsive/demulsive, antifoaming, friction reducing and additive solubilizing properties are likely.
- the reaction product is made by reacting a phenol sulfide with an alkyl halide.
- the reaction product has the following general structural formula:
- R' and R" are the same or different hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen;
- R. is a hydrocarbon group or mixture containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; is a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a halogen group;
- x is an integer ranging from 1 to 3, preferably 1; and
- z is an integer ranging from 0 to 4 and preferably 0 to 2.
- reaction product An important feature of the reaction product is that their structural backbone lacks benzylic hydrogens, therefore preventing thermal/oxidative degradation which renders the compound inherently stable.
- the invention is directed to a lubricative composition having antioxidant properties comprising the reaction product of a carbonyl-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon and a phenol sulfide of the structural formula
- reaction product having the structural formula:
- R' and R" are the same or different hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and at least 1 heteroatom selected from sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen;
- R. is a hydrocarbon group or mixture containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or an aromatic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms;
- R 2 is a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a halogen group;
- x is an integer ranging from 1 to 3, preferably 1; and
- z is an integer ranging from 0 to 4 and preferably 0 to 2.
- the reaction product of the invention is derived by reacting a phenol sulfide with an aliphatic carboxylic group generating species such as carboxylic acid, anhydrides or acid halides.
- the phenol sulfide is characterized by the presence of at least one phenol group and at least one sulfur atom.
- the aromatic of the phenol is considered necessary for purposes of stability and resistence to oxidative degradation while the sulfur atom is considered necessary for high temperature antioxidant and antiwear properties.
- the phenol sulfide is represented by the following structural formula:
- R is a hydrocarbon group or mixture thereof containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- R_ is a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a halogen group, i.e. F, Cl, Br or I
- x is an integer ranging from 1 to 3
- z is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, preferably 1.
- R When is an alkyl group it can be a linear or branched hydrocarbon such as propyl, butyl, isobutyl or 2- ethylhexyl.
- R is phenyl or naphthyl which can contain from 0 to 4, preferably from 0 to 2, nonreactive substituent groups represented by R .
- R falls within the definition of R ; that is, R_ can be a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a halogen group such as F, Cl, Br, or I.
- R is desirable for the compound to have flame retardent properties, since these compounds can be exposed to high temperatures, at least one group represented by R panicer is Br, and this can apply to R as well.
- suitable thiodiphenols include 4,4-thiodiphenol, structural isomers thereof and commercial mixtures of isomers and oligomers of thiodiphenol.
- the thiodiphenols are sulfurized phenols which can be made by any method known to the art.
- the phenol is initially reacted with a sulfur halide, such as sulfur monochloride or dichloride in a 1:1 to 3:1, preferably 3:2, mole ratio.
- the resulting phenol sulfide may be further reacted with other phenols and sulfur halides to produce a thiophenol oligomer.
- the phenol sulfide is reacted with a carboxylic group generating species, a carboxylic acid, or anhydride, or acid halide represented by the structural formula:
- R' is a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and X is a halogen group, OH, or acyl generating species.
- a halogen is exemplified by F, Cl, Br and I, preferably X is Cl.
- R' can be a straight chain or branched hydrocarbon group. Although for good viscometric properties, R' is preferably a linear hydrocarbon group, and for added oxidative stability some degree of branching is needed. Thus, to satisfy these competing properties, a mixture of linear and branched hydrocarbon groups can be used.
- Representative examples of appropriate acyl halides include 2- ethylhexanolyl chloride, butyl chloride, pivalic chloride, hexyl chloride, octyl chloride or decyl chloride.
- the reactants can be selected so that the ultimate reaction product is a neoacid; that is, the beta carbon of the carboxylic acid group is connected directly to four other carbon atoms.
- the preferred acyl halide is neodecanoyl chloride.
- acyl halide is added to the phenol sulfide in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
- a suitable catalyst When the acyl halide is used as a base it is usually added to combine with the halogen.
- suitable bases include
- a phase transfer catalyst can be used to facilitate the reaction.
- Representative examples include quaternary ammonium compounds, or crown ethers, polyglycols, preferably quaternary a ine compounds.
- the quaternary ammonium compound is represented by the structural formula: R 4.R5._R6,R_7N An " ,' where R4. ,' R5_, R6, and R_7 are the same or different hydrocarbon containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and An is an anion such as a halogen, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, sulfate, nitrate or other common anion.
- quaternary ammonium compounds are tetrabutyla monium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapentylammonium chloride and dialkly C- 2 - C. dimethyl ammonium chloride.
- the reactants are combined in mole ratios ranging from 1-2:1 of acyl halide to phenolsulfide, preferably in a mole ratio of 1.5-2:1.
- the reactants are contacted for a period of 1 hour to 30 hours, preferably from 2 hours to 10 hours while continuously stirring the reaction mixture at a reduced temperature and in an inert atmosphere, such as under a nitrogen blanket.
- the temperature of reaction is maintained in a range of 20°C to 250"C, preferably from
- reaction mixture is washed with water to facilitate separation of the undesirable materials from the product, such as the catalytic residues.
- the aqueous wash solution is then separated from the hydrophobic product.
- the light ends are removed by distillation at 160°C under a reduced pressure atmosphere of 7 to 70 kPa (1 to 10 m Hg) .
- reaction products of the instant invention can be utilized as lubricative basestock materials and in this regard, they can be used in an amount ranging from 50 to 100%, preferably 80 to 99% with additional additive materials consitituting the remaining amount of the total lubricant composition.
- the reaction products of the invention can be used as an antioxidant or antiwear additive in a non-aqueous lubricant or grease in an amount preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt.% or more preferably from 0.5-3%.
- the kinds of lubricants likely to benefit from the additive of the instant invention include liquid oils in the form of either a mineral oil, hydrocracked oil, synthetic oil or mixtures thereof. In general, the oils include both paraffinic and naphthenic components.
- the lubricating oils are of a suitable lubrication viscosity range to comply with engine oil specifications, for example, as set by the SAE, e.g.
- Base oil viscosities may typically range, for example, from 6 mm/s (about 45 SSU) at 38°C (100°F) to 1500 mm 2 /s (about 6000 SSU) at 38 ⁇ C (100'F) , and preferably from 7.4 to 54 mm 2 /s (about 50 to 250 SSU) at 99°C (210"F) .
- Viscosity indexes can vary from 95 to 130, or even higher, being preferred.
- synthetic oils, or synthetic oils employed as a vehicle for a grease are desired in preference to mineral oils, or in mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils, various synthetic oils may be used.
- Typical synthetic oils include polyisobutylenes, polybutenes, polydecenes and other polyalpha olefin lubricating fluids used in engine oils.
- the fluid can be used as an additive in greases, or as the vehicle for greases.
- the lubricating oil compositions can contain other additives generally employed such as corrosion inhibitors, detergents, co-extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, friction reducers, co-antiwear agents, co-antioxidants and the like. It is expected that the reaction products of the invention would contribute their antioxidant and antiwear properties to a fuel.
- the reaction product will be blended with a fuel in amounts ranging from 0.45 kg to 454 kg of additive/159000 1 of fuel (about 1 to 1000 lbs of additive/1000 Bbl of fuel), preferably from 2.3 to 114 kg of additive/159000 1 of fuel (about 5 to 250 lbs of additive/1000 Bbl of fuel) .
- the fuels contemplated include gasoline and diesel fuels.
- petroleum distillate fuels having an initial boiling point above 24°C (75"F) to 57"C (about 135°F) and an end boiling point from about 121°C (250 ⁇ F) to 399 ⁇ C (about 750"F).
- Gasoline base stocks such as a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range which is from about 32"C (90°F) to about 177°C (350°F) are particularly included.
- This base fuel may consist of straight chain, branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbons: paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof.
- the base fuel can be derived from sources such as, straight run naphtha, alkylate, or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked gasoline or reformate.
- the composition and octane level of the base fuel are not critical and any conventional motor fuel base can be employed in the practice of this invention.
- distillate fuels include distillate fuels and this is not intended to be restricted to straight-run distillate fractions.
- These distillate fuels can be straight-run distillate fuels, catalytically or thermally cracked, or hydrocracked distillate fuels, or other distillate components.
- the distillate fuels specifically contemplated are road diesel fuels. These diesel fuels boil in the range from 166 ⁇ C (about 330 ⁇ F) to about 399"C (750°F) with the end point ranging from 227 ⁇ C (about 440°F) to 343°C (about 650"), usually the end boiling point is not more than 371°C (about 700 ⁇ F).
- the fuels can be treated in accordance with well-known commercial methods, such as mercaptan extraction or oxidation, hydrofinishing, etc.
- the fuels may include oxygenate components such as alcohols and/or ethers, for example, hydrocarbon fuels which contain oxygenates in amounts of up to 50% volumes per volume.
- oxygenated fuel components are methanol, ethanol and mixtures of methanol and ethanol, diisopropylether (DIPE) , isopropanol (IPA) , methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or tert-amyl-methyl ether (TAME) .
- DIPE diisopropylether
- IPA isopropanol
- MTBE methyl-tert-butyl ether
- TAME tert-amyl-methyl ether
- the fuel compositions of the instant invention may additionally comprise concentrations of additives which are generally employed in fuel compositions.
- fuel compositions made in accordance with the instant invention may additionally contain conventional carburetor detergents, anti-icing additives, co-antiwear additives and co-antioxidants.
- 2-Ethylhexanoyl chloride (326 gram) was added dropwise in four hours to an aqueous mixture containing 4,4*' thiodiphenol (or bisphenol sulfide) (218 gram) , KOH (150g, 85%) , tetrabutylammonium bromide (10 gram) , and water (150g) at 30°C under nitrogen and an ice bath with stirring. After this, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was then added to 200 grams of water, and the aqueous phase was separated from the liquid product. The product was washed three times with 100 ml water. The light ends were removed by distillation at 160"C under reduced pressure.
- the product was filtered through alumina (neutral) to give a clear and colorless liquid product (390g, 83% yield) .
- the product was found to have the following properties: KV ⁇ 100 ⁇ C of 7.8 mm 2 /s, KV @ 40 ⁇ C of 68.5 mm 2 /s and pour point of -37"C.
- the unadditized product of Example 1 was evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry at 7500 kPa (500 psi) oxygen, 80"C 5 ⁇ "in/350"C.
- the induction temperature was measured by the temperature when the base oil began to decay.
- the products were found to have a more than 20°C higher induction temperature than the alkylated aromatics which had a higher induction temperature than other commercial high performance synthetic hydrocarbon fluids as shown in Table 1. This indicates that the reaction products are useful at higher operating temperatures.
- Example 1 248 Alkylated Aromatic 224
- the unadditized reaction product was tested for its ability to resist oxidative degradation in a catalytic oxidation test.
- the Catalytic Oxidation Test was conducted at 325 ⁇ F for 40 hours (Table 2) .
- a comparison of the oxidation-inhibiting characteristics of the products of the present invention with other commercial fluids was included in Table 2.
- the Catalytic Oxidation test procedure consisted of subjecting a volume of the test lubricant to a stream of air which was bubbled through the test composition at a rate of 5 liters per hour for the specified number of hours and at the specified temperature.
- Present in the test composition were metals frequently found in engines, namely:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/992,671 US5344578A (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1992-12-18 | Hydrocarbyl ethers of sulfur-containing hydroxyl derived aromatics as synthetic lubricant base stocks |
US08/069,483 US5368759A (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1993-06-01 | Ester fluids with high temperature stability |
PCT/US1994/009345 WO1996005277A1 (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1994-08-15 | Ester fluids with high temperature stability |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0723575A1 true EP0723575A1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
EP0723575A4 EP0723575A4 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
Family
ID=26750129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94930404A Withdrawn EP0723575A4 (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1994-08-15 | Ester fluids with high temperature stability |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0723575A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3786423B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU678864B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2171981C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996005277A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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US6878854B2 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2005-04-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Temporary antioxidants for Fischer-Tropsch products |
JP2016117789A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-30 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | Lubricant additive, and lubricant composition |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2355240A (en) * | 1940-04-17 | 1944-08-08 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil |
US4342473A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1982-08-03 | Champion International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive copy systems containing phenolic ester as color-stabilizers |
WO1994014931A1 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-07-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrocarbyl ethers of sulfur-containing hydroxyl derived aromatics as synthetic lubricant base stocks |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4181617A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1980-01-01 | Milchem Incorporated | Aqueous drilling fluid and lubricant composition |
US4211663A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1980-07-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Alkali metal containing transition metal complexes of thiobis (alkylphenols) as stabilizers for various organic media |
US4305832A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-12-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant stabilizers |
US4440655A (en) * | 1981-07-08 | 1984-04-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Sulfur-containing mannich bases and lubricants containing same |
US4393241A (en) * | 1982-02-01 | 1983-07-12 | Celanese Corporation | Synthesis of alkoxy and phenoxy substituted aryl sulfides |
US4460486A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-07-17 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Polyalkylene oxide lubricants of improved oxidative stability |
JP3039891B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2000-05-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic apparatus having the same, and facsimile |
-
1994
- 1994-08-15 EP EP94930404A patent/EP0723575A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-08-15 CA CA002171981A patent/CA2171981C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-15 WO PCT/US1994/009345 patent/WO1996005277A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-15 AU AU79533/94A patent/AU678864B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-15 JP JP50726296A patent/JP3786423B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2355240A (en) * | 1940-04-17 | 1944-08-08 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil |
US4342473A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1982-08-03 | Champion International Corporation | Pressure-sensitive copy systems containing phenolic ester as color-stabilizers |
WO1994014931A1 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-07-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrocarbyl ethers of sulfur-containing hydroxyl derived aromatics as synthetic lubricant base stocks |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9409 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A23, AN 94-068871 XP002019892 & JP-A-06 019 158 (CANON KK) , 28 January 1994 * |
See also references of WO9605277A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU678864B2 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
JPH09504336A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
WO1996005277A1 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
CA2171981C (en) | 2003-11-04 |
AU7953394A (en) | 1996-03-07 |
EP0723575A4 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
JP3786423B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
CA2171981A1 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
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