EP0391392A2 - Low-foam, cold-stable aqueous detergents containing nonionic, anionic and cationic surface active agents and their utilization - Google Patents

Low-foam, cold-stable aqueous detergents containing nonionic, anionic and cationic surface active agents and their utilization Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391392A2
EP0391392A2 EP90106442A EP90106442A EP0391392A2 EP 0391392 A2 EP0391392 A2 EP 0391392A2 EP 90106442 A EP90106442 A EP 90106442A EP 90106442 A EP90106442 A EP 90106442A EP 0391392 A2 EP0391392 A2 EP 0391392A2
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Prior art keywords
surfactant
weight
ethylene oxide
oxide units
anionic
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0391392B1 (en
EP0391392A3 (en
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Wolfgang Klinger
Eckhard Milewski
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/86Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/123Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/18Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from amino alcohols
    • C11D1/20Fatty acid condensates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/42Amino alcohols or amino ethers
    • C11D1/44Ethers of polyoxyalkylenes with amino alcohols; Condensation products of epoxyalkanes with amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/523Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/722Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/74Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions which consist essentially of water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing these surfactant compositions and their use.
  • anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants in a molar ratio of about 1: 1 in the presence of water.
  • These compositions with an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant are described as an aqueous suspension or emulsion and, in the case of higher concentrations, as a gel-like mass.
  • US Pat. No. 3,684,736 discloses a surfactant composition consisting essentially of an ether sulfate as an anionic surfactant and dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a cationic surfactant in a ratio of 1: 1 and from more than 99% by weight of water.
  • compositions which contain an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant have very advantageous surfactant properties, it would be extremely desirable to have compositions which are liquid and therefore easy to handle even at relatively high surfactant concentrations.
  • Such surfactant compositions are described in more recent British Patent Application No. 2 195 653. These are aqueous emulsions consisting essentially of 10 parts of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of about 1: 1, 0.5 to 10 parts of an emulsifier and 15 to 100 parts of water.
  • the emulsion is prepared, in brief, by mixing together the cationic and anionic surfactant in the stated molar ratio, heating the mixture until it melts, mixing the cooled, solidified melt with the emulsifier, heating this mixture until it is liquid, and adding Water until the desired oil-in-water emulsion is present.
  • Contain the liquid surfactant formulations described in British Patent Application No. 2 195 653 Although, at least in part, a considerably higher amount of surfactant than that of the US patent mentioned, they, like this one, have a high emulsion-like or suspension-like character, ie they are not a clear liquid composition. In the case of the emulsions according to British patent application mentioned is also disadvantageous that its production is complex and complicated.
  • cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N+ (R1, R2, R3, R4) X ⁇ (1), in which R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units, R3 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms, R4 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms or the benzyl radical and X ⁇ an anion of an inorganic or organic acid.
  • R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units
  • R3 is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms
  • R4 is an alkyl radical or an
  • surfactant compositions are produced in the way that at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 10) with water in an amount of 50 to 80 wt .-%, based on the total weight of anionic surfactant , Cationic surfactant and water, at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C to form two phases, waiting for the separation of the two phases and separating the desired concentrated surfactant phase from the lower salt phase.
  • compositions are known from the prior art which contain water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Such compositions result, for example, from the fact that in addition to the large amount of water, the surfactants in question are also present in a laundry washing machine.
  • French patent specification 2,388,882 describes solid surfactant compositions composed of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. It goes without saying that all these surfactant mixtures are far removed from those according to the invention.
  • the low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 4 parts by weight , in particular 0.4 to 2.5 parts by weight, of a surfactant formulation consisting of 20 to 60% by weight of water, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, and 40 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 80% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 5), preferably 1: (0.4 to 2), the cationic surfactant being a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N+ (R1, R2, R3, R4) X ⁇ (1), in which R1 and R2 represent an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide Units and propylene
  • surfactant formulations are generally clear liquids with a high content of usually an anionic and a cationic surfactant, so they are concentrated solutions of water-containing anionic / cationic surfactant complexes.
  • anion and cation surfactants to be used for the preparation of the surfactant formulations are known and commercially available.
  • the anionic surfactants used are preferably those of the sulfonate and sulfate type (preferably with an alkali metal or with ammonium as the cation).
  • C6 to C22 alkanesulfonates C6 to C22- ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, (C6 to C22-alkyl) benzenesulfonates, N-C6 to C22-acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethane-2-sulfonates (these are taurine derivatives), Sulfosuccinic acid mono- or sulfosuccinic acid di-C6 to C22-alkyl esters, C6 to C22 fatty alcohol sulfates or ethoxylated C6 to C22 fatty alcohol sulfates with 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, the alkanesulfonates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfates mentioned being particularly preferred.
  • the C8 to C18 radicals are preferred (it goes without saying that the hydrophobic groups mentioned having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, can also contain double bonds) usually 1 to 3).
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are mentioned below in detail: sodium C13 to C17 alkane sulfonate (primary or secondary alkane sulfonate), sodium C14 to C16 ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl-taurine, sodium dioctyl-sulfosuccinate, the sodium salt of ⁇ -sulfo-C14 to C18-fatty acid methyl ester, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium palmitylsulfate, sodium cocosalkylsulfate, sodium mono-sulfonate, sodium mono4-sulfate ethoxylated with sodium C13 to C17 alkan
  • anionic surfactant While the type of anionic surfactant is generally not critical, certain quaternary ammonium salts are suitable as cationic surfactants (for example, those quaternary ammonium salts are unsuitable which have three or more short aliphatic radicals on the nitrogen atom, such as lauryl trimethyl, tallow alkyl trimethyl and dodecyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (see U.S. Patent 3,684,736 mentioned in the introduction).
  • the quaternary ammonium salts to be used according to the invention correspond to formula 1 given above wherein R1 to R4 and X ⁇ have the meanings given.
  • Preferred representatives of cation surfactants are those of the formula 1 when R 1 and R 2 (which may be the same or different) are an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide Units or ethylene oxide units and Propylene oxide units mean, R3 is an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 C atoms, preferably 8 to 10 C atoms, R4 has one of the meanings of R3 or the benzyl radical and X ⁇ is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid (which for R1 and R2 mentioned C1 to C4 alkyl radicals are preferably methyl or ethyl).
  • anion X ⁇ in the cationic surfactant examples include inorganic acid residues, such as halide, preferably chloride or bromide, borate, phosphate and sulfate, organic acid residues of mono- or polyvalent, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic acids, such as formate, acetate, propionate , Laurate, stearate, oleate, lactate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, salicylate and C1 to C3 alkosulfate anions, preferably the methosulfate anion.
  • inorganic acid residues such as halide, preferably chloride or bromide, borate, phosphate and sulfate
  • organic acid residues of mono- or polyvalent, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic acids such as formate, acetate, propionate , Laurate, stearate, oleate, lactate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, salicylate and C
  • cationic surfactants dioctyl Octyldecyldimethyl-, Didecyldimethyl-, Dilauryldimethyl-, Dioleyldimethyl-, Dicocosalkyldimethyl- and ditallowalkyldimethylammonium, Myristyldimethylbenzyl- and stearyl dimethyl, didecyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat, dioctyl polyoxethylammoniumpropionat, Ditalgalkyl-methyl-oxpropylammoniumchlorid.
  • the surfactant formulations to be used according to the invention are the result of a special procedure when bringing the components water, anion and cation surfactant together.
  • Anion surfactant, cation surfactant and water at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C, preferably 40 to 85 ° C, mixed to form two phases, the separation of the two phases is awaited and the upper desired concentrated surfactant phase separated from the lower salt phase .
  • anion surfactants and cation surfactants to be used are often present as solids or as a gel-like surfactant-water mixture.
  • anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and water preferably demineralized water, are mixed in the stated amount in a reaction vessel at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C., preferably 40 to 85 ° C., preferably with stirring, whereby it Formation of two phases comes.
  • the order in which the three components are introduced into the reaction vessel is not critical. It is crucial that the three components are mixed well at the specified temperature.
  • the mixing time is usually 5 to 90 minutes.
  • the mixing time is advantageously 20 to 60 minutes.
  • the upper phase represents the desired concentrated and liquid and at the same time clear, water-containing surfactant formulation
  • the lower phase essentially consists of the anion of the cationic surfactant and the cation of the anionic surfactant formed salt contains dissolved in water.
  • the desired surfactant phase (which in addition to the components water and surfactant may also contain some salt) can be obtained, for example, simply by pouring.
  • the low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant composition according to the invention comprises, in addition to the surfactant formulation described above, at least one nonionic surfactant as a further component.
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably those from the group of polyglycol ethers (generally only one nonionic surfactant is used).
  • Preferred representatives of this group are (a) the oxalkylates of C8 to C18 alcohols (fatty alcohols, oxo alcohols), (C4 to C12 alkyl) phenols (mono-, di- or trialkyl-substituted), C8 to C18 fatty acids, C8 to C18 Fatty amines, C8 to C18 fatty acid amides and (C8 to C18 fatty acid) ethanolamides with (each) 2 to 30, preferably 4 to 15, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units (in the oxalkylate group) and (b) the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, also known as nonionic surfactants, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000 and 5 to 50% by weight (condensed) ethylene oxide exist, percentages by weight based on the block polymer.
  • nonionic surfactants consist of a propylene oxide
  • nonionic surfactants are the oxalkylates mentioned in the form of the polyethylene glycol ethers (oxethylates) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,500 and 10 to 30% by weight of ethylene oxide, weight percentages based on the block polymer.
  • Those nonionic surfactants are preferably used which have a cloud point - measured in butyl diglycol according to DIN 53 917 - from 30 to 100 ° C.
  • the nonionic surfactants to be used according to the invention are known and commercially available. They are usually in the form of water-free, more or less viscous liquids, sometimes with a content of about 10 to 20% by weight of water.
  • the low-foaming and low-temperature stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are prepared in that the two components nonionic surfactant and surfactant formulation in a weight ratio of 1: (0.3 to 9), preferably 1: (0.4 to 4), in particular 1: (0.4 to 2.5), preferably brought together with stirring.
  • the two components are mixed at room temperature or with heating to a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C., preferably 40 to 60 ° C.
  • the two components mix relatively quickly to form a homogeneous and essentially clear liquid (especially if they are mixed while heated).
  • the order in which the components are brought together is not critical. The only decisive factor is that the weight ratios mentioned are observed.
  • the mixing time is generally 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the type of components and the mixing temperature.
  • the surfactant compositions according to the invention essentially consist of an anionic and a cationic surfactant (anion / cation-surfactant complex), a nonionic surfactant and water.
  • the amount of water essentially results from the surfactant formulation used and, depending on the surfactant formulation and the mixing ratio of surfactant formulation and nonionic surfactant, is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the surfactant composition.
  • the surfactant compositions according to the invention have a number of advantages. They are concentrated and generally clear liquids on surfactants, which are characterized in particular by relatively low foaming (favorable foaming behavior), good wetting behavior and low pour points (favorable low-temperature behavior). Even when relatively highly viscous and cloudy-looking nonionic surfactant concentrates are used, clear and liquid and thus easy-to-handle compositions are obtained by mixing with the surfactant formulations described. They show only a slight tendency to foam and good network values. These values are particularly good when the cationic surfactant has a relatively short-chain hydrocarbon residue in the surfactant formulation used.
  • the surfactant compositions according to the invention are distinguished in particular by their surprisingly favorable cold behavior.
  • the mixing according to the invention can be used to produce, as it were, tailor-made surfactant compositions which, compared to the two surfactants used, often have greatly improved properties and thus possible uses.
  • mixtures can be produced which are characterized in particular by one or more of the following properties: favorable foam and wetting behavior, low surface tension, high clarity and excellent cold behavior.
  • the surfactant compositions according to the invention can be used as such or diluted with solvents such as water or alcohols.
  • the surfactant compositions according to the invention are advantageously used for the preparation of low-foam and low-temperature surfactant concentrates, by mixing them with surfactant products in need of improvement, in order to impart low foam and low-temperature stability (low pour point) to them.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 and cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. After this time, stirring and heating were stopped and the contents of the beaker (in which two phases were seen to form) were left to stand at room temperature for 5 hours. After this time, two distinct phases were formed.
  • the upper clear phase, that is the desired surfactant phase or surfactant formulation 1 was obtained by pouring off the lower phase, that is the aqueous salt phase (NaCl).
  • the liquid and somewhat cloudy surfactant formulation 1 consisted of 26% by weight of water and 74% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 plus cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight) . If the above-mentioned standing (standing time) of the contents of the beaker takes place after stopping the stirring while maintaining the temperature of 80 ° C., the formation of the two sharply separated phases is already over after one hour; by allowing the mixture to stand in the heat, the separation into the two phases is considerably accelerated.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and as at Treated surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 2 consisted of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight).
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 45 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 3 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight).
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 4 consisted of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight; also in the other surfactant formulations, the salt content was more or less below 1% by weight).
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 5 consisted of 55% by weight of water and 45% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 6 consisted of 58% by weight of water and 42% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 7 consisted of 41% by weight of water and 59% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 90 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 8 consisted of 30% by weight of water and 70% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 9 consisted of 48% by weight of water and 52% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4.
  • a mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1.
  • the liquid and clear surfactant formulation 10 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2.
  • nonionic surfactant 1 and 700 g of surfactant formulation 4 were placed in a beaker and stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, after which there was a liquid and clear mixture.
  • This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned to 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of the anion / cation mentioned.
  • Surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: 1 were mixed together at room temperature.
  • nonionic surfactant 3 and 500 g of surfactant formulation 2 were placed in a beaker and stirred at 60 ° C for 10 minutes, whereupon a liquid and slightly cloudy mixture was present.
  • This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned with 1 part by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of the anion / cation surfactant mentioned Molar ratio of 1: 1, were mixed together at 60 ° C.
  • Examples 4 to 15, in which a liquid (easily pourable) and more or less clear surfactant composition according to the invention were likewise obtained, are summarized in Table 1 below.
  • Table 1 provides information on the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used and on the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to surfactant formulation. For the sake of completeness, Table 1 also contains the corresponding information from Examples 1 to 3: Table 1 Example No. Nonionic surfactant no. Surfactant Formulation No.
  • Table 2 below shows the properties of the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention from Examples 1 to 15, namely the pour points, the foam values, the wetting values and the surface tension values. Table 2 also shows the pour points, foam values, network values and surface tension values (in order to provide a direct comparison) of the 12 nonionic surfactants and 10 surfactant formulations used to prepare the surfactant compositions.
  • the 12 nonionic surfactants used are designated A1 to A12, the 10 surfactant compositions used B1 to B10 and the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention C1 to C15.
  • the pour points of the surfactant compositions according to the invention are in some cases far below the pour points of the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used. Because of this obviously high synergistic effect, the new surfactant compositions have an extremely favorable cooling behavior. The other properties tested, in particular the foaming behavior, also have good values.
  • the pour point was determined according to DIN-ISO 3016. 50 to 80 g of the surfactant composition were placed in a beaker and cooled until the composition which was liquid and readily pourable at room temperature was no longer pourable. The temperature at the time is referred to as the pour point of the composition.
  • the foam value was determined in accordance with DIN 53 902. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. About 200 ml of this solution were added to the 1000 ml measuring cylinder and beaten thirty times with the perforated beating disc. The resulting foam height in the measuring cylinder, expressed in milliliters, represents the foam value.
  • the surface tension was determined in accordance with DIN 53 914. 0.1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. The surface tension of this solution was measured in mN / m using a conventional tensiometer using the ring tear-off method.
  • the wetting capacity was determined in accordance with DIN 53 901. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. A cotton plate was dipped into the solution. The time was measured after the plate had been immersed until it began to sink further into the solution. This time in seconds represents the wetting ability (if the cotton plate is wetted quickly, which means high wetting power, it drops after a few seconds).

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Abstract

The surfactant compositions are obtained by mixing 1 part by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 parts by weight of a specific mixture of water and at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant. They are concentrated, and generally clear, liquids which are distinguished, in particular by favourable foaming and wetting characteristics, low surface tension and low pour point and, by reason of these special properties, can be used for many purposes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft schwachschäumende und kältestabile flüssige Tensidzusammensetzungen, die im wesentlichen aus Wasser und nichtionischen, anionischen und kationischen Tensiden bestehen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Tensidzusammensetzungen und ihre Verwendung.The invention relates to low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions which consist essentially of water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. The invention further relates to a method for producing these surfactant compositions and their use.

Es ist schon seit langem bekannt, Anion-Tenside und Kation-Tenside im Molverhältnis von etwa 1 : 1 in Gegenwart von Wasser zusammenzubringen. Diese Zusammensetzungen mit einem Anion-Tensid und einem Kation-Tensid (Anion/Kation-Tensidkomplexe) werden als wäßrige Suspension oder Emulsion und im Falle höherer Konzentration als gelartige Masse beschrieben.
So ist aus der US-Patentschrift 3 684 736 eine Tensidzusammensetzung bekannt, die im wesentlichen aus einem Ethersulfat als Anion-Tensid und Dodecylbenzyl­trimethylammoniumchlorid als Kation-Tensid im Verhältnis von 1 : 1 und aus mehr als 99 Gew.-% Wasser besteht. In der Patentschrift wird mehrfach hervorgehoben, daß nur bei dieser niedrigen Konzentration an Tensid eine handhabbare Suspension erhalten wird und schon geringfügig höher konzentrierte Zusammensetzungen nicht mehr flüssig, sondern als gelatinartige Masse vorliegen. In der genannten US-Patentschrift wird ferner gezeigt, daß die in Rede stehenden Tensidzusammensetzungen eine niedrigere Oberflächenspannung und einen kleineren Schaumwert liefern, als das Anion-Tensid oder Kation-Tensid allein.
It has long been known to combine anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants in a molar ratio of about 1: 1 in the presence of water. These compositions with an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant (anion / cationic surfactant complexes) are described as an aqueous suspension or emulsion and, in the case of higher concentrations, as a gel-like mass.
For example, US Pat. No. 3,684,736 discloses a surfactant composition consisting essentially of an ether sulfate as an anionic surfactant and dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a cationic surfactant in a ratio of 1: 1 and from more than 99% by weight of water. In the patent it is emphasized several times that only at this low Concentration of surfactant a manageable suspension is obtained and even slightly more highly concentrated compositions are no longer liquid, but are present as a gelatinous mass. In the aforementioned US patent it is also shown that the surfactant compositions in question provide a lower surface tension and a lower foam value than the anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant alone.

Nachdem also Zusammensetzungen, die ein anionisches Tensid und ein kationisches Tensid enthalten, sehr vorteilhafte Tensideigenschaften besitzen, wäre es äußerst wünschenswert, solche Zusammensetzungen zur Verfügung zu haben, die auch bei relativ hoher Tensidkonzentration flüssig und damit gut handhabbar sind.
Derartige Tensidzusammensetzungen werden in der neueren britischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 2 195 653 beschrieben. Es handelt sich um wäßrige Emulsionen, bestehend im wesentlichen aus 10 Teilen von einem Anion-Tensid und einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von etwa 1 : 1, 0,5 bis 10 Teilen von einem Emulgator und 15 bis 100 Teilen wasser. Die Herstellung der Emulsion erfolgt, kurz zusammengefaßt, durch Zusammenmischen des kationischen und anionischen Tensids im genannten Molverhältnis, Erwärmen der Mischung, bis sie schmilzt, Vermischen der abgekühlten, erstarrten Schmelze mit dem Emulgator, Erwärmen dieser Mischung, bis sie flüssig ist, und Zugeben von Wasser, bis die angestrebte Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion vorliegt.
Die in der britischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 2 195 653 beschriebenen flüssigen Tensidformulierungen enthalten zwar, zumindest teilweise, eine betraächtlich höhere Menge an Tensid als jene der genannten US-Patentschrift, sie weisen aber, genauso wie diese, einen hohen emulsionsartigen oder suspensionsartigen Charakter auf, sie stellen also keine klare flüssige Zusammensetzung dar. Im Falle der Emulsionen gemäß der genannten britischen Patentanmeldung ist ferner von Nachteil, daß ihre Herstellung aufwendig und kompliziert ist.
Since compositions which contain an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant have very advantageous surfactant properties, it would be extremely desirable to have compositions which are liquid and therefore easy to handle even at relatively high surfactant concentrations.
Such surfactant compositions are described in more recent British Patent Application No. 2 195 653. These are aqueous emulsions consisting essentially of 10 parts of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of about 1: 1, 0.5 to 10 parts of an emulsifier and 15 to 100 parts of water. The emulsion is prepared, in brief, by mixing together the cationic and anionic surfactant in the stated molar ratio, heating the mixture until it melts, mixing the cooled, solidified melt with the emulsifier, heating this mixture until it is liquid, and adding Water until the desired oil-in-water emulsion is present.
Contain the liquid surfactant formulations described in British Patent Application No. 2 195 653 Although, at least in part, a considerably higher amount of surfactant than that of the US patent mentioned, they, like this one, have a high emulsion-like or suspension-like character, ie they are not a clear liquid composition. In the case of the emulsions according to British patent application mentioned is also disadvantageous that its production is complex and complicated.

Es besteht demnach ein Bedürfnis nach einer Tensidformulierung aus Wasser, Anion-Tensiden und Kation-Tensiden, die eine hohe Tensidkonzentration besitzt und gleichzeitig eine im wesentlichen klare Lösung darstellt. Sie sollte ferner in einfacher Weise herzustellen sein und vorteilhafte Eigenschaften aufweisen. Derartige Tensidformulierungen werden in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 39 08 008.0 (Anmeldetag 11. März 1989) vorgeschlagen. Sie bestehen im wesentlichen aus (a) 15 bis 70 Gew.-% Wasser und (b) 30 bis 85 Gew.-% von mindestens einem Anion-Tensid und mindestens einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 10), wobei das Kation-Tensid ein quartäres Ammoniumsalz der Formel N⁺(R¹,R²,R³,R⁴)X⁻ (1) ist, worin bedeuten R¹ und R² einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Oxalkylenrest mit 1 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid-Einheiten und Propylenoxid-Einheiten, R³ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, R⁴ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen oder den Benzylrest und X⁻ ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure. Die Herstellung dieser Tensidzusammensetzungen erfolgt in der Weise, daß man mindestens ein Anion-Tensid und mindestens ein Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 10) mit Wasser in einer Menge von 50 bis 80 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gewichtssumme aus Anion-­Tensid, Kation-Tensid und Wasser, bei einer Temperatur von 25 bis 95 °C unter Ausbildung zweier Phasen mischt, die Trennung der beiden Phasen abwartet und die obere angestrebte konzentrierte Tensidphase von der unteren Salzphase abtrennt.There is therefore a need for a surfactant formulation comprising water, anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants which has a high surfactant concentration and at the same time is an essentially clear solution. It should also be easy to manufacture and have advantageous properties. Such surfactant formulations are proposed in German patent application P 39 08 008.0 (filing date March 11, 1989). They essentially consist of (a) 15 to 70% by weight of water and (b) 30 to 85% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 10 ), wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N⁺ (R¹, R², R³, R⁴) X⁻ (1), in which R¹ and R² represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units, R³ is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms, R⁴ is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms or the benzyl radical and X⁻ an anion of an inorganic or organic acid. These surfactant compositions are produced in the way that at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 10) with water in an amount of 50 to 80 wt .-%, based on the total weight of anionic surfactant , Cationic surfactant and water, at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C to form two phases, waiting for the separation of the two phases and separating the desired concentrated surfactant phase from the lower salt phase.

Ausgehend von den Tensidformulierungen der genannten deutschen Patentanmeldung P 39 08 008.0 wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, daß durch Kombination dieser Formulierungen mit nichtionischen Tensiden flüssige Zusammensetzungen mit hervorragenden Tensideigenschaften erhalten werden. Die so erhaltenen Tensidzusammensetzungen stellen flüssige (und damit gut handhabbare) und im wesentlichen klare Konzentrate dar, die unter anderem eine überraschend geringe Schaumneigung und ein überraschend gutes Kälteverhalten aufweisen. So liegen die Stockpunkte dieser Tensidkonzentrate weit unter denen der Ausgangstenside, was auf einen unerwartet hohen synergistischen Effekt beruhen dürfte.Based on the surfactant formulations of the aforementioned German patent application P 39 08 008.0, it was surprisingly found that by combining these formulations with nonionic surfactants, liquid compositions with excellent surfactant properties are obtained. The surfactant compositions obtained in this way are liquid (and thus easy to handle) and essentially clear concentrates which, inter alia, have a surprisingly low tendency to foam and surprisingly good cold behavior. The pour points of these surfactant concentrates are far below those of the starting surfactants, which should be due to an unexpectedly high synergistic effect.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Zusammensetzungen bekannt, die Wasser und nichtionische, anionische und kationische Tenside enthalten. Solche Zusammensetzungen resultieren beispielsweise daraus, daß in einer Wäschewaschmaschine neben der großen Wassermenge auch die in Rede stehenden Tenside vorliegen. Aus der französischen Patentschrift 2 388 882 sind feste Tensidzusammensetzungen aus nichtionischen, anionischen und kationischen Tensiden bekannt. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß all diese Tensidmischungen von den erfindungsgemäßen weit entfernt sind.Compositions are known from the prior art which contain water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Such compositions result, for example, from the fact that in addition to the large amount of water, the surfactants in question are also present in a laundry washing machine. French patent specification 2,388,882 describes solid surfactant compositions composed of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. It goes without saying that all these surfactant mixtures are far removed from those according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäßen schwachschäumenden und kältestabilen flüssigen Tensidzusammensetzungen sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie hergestellt worden sind durch Zusammenmischen von 1 Gew.-Teil von mindestens einem nichtionischen Tensid und 0,3 bis 9 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 0,4 bis 4 Gew.-Teile, insbesondere 0,4 bis 2,5 Gew.-Teile, von einer Tensidformulierung, bestehend aus 20 bis 60 Gew.-% Wasser, vorzugsweise 20 bis 50 Gew.-%, und 40 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 50 bis 80 Gew.-%, von mindestens einem Anion-Tensid und mindestens einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 5), vorzugsweise 1 : (0,4 bis 2), wobei das Kation-Tensid ein quartäres Ammoniumsalz der Formel N⁺(R¹,R²,R³,R⁴)X⁻ (1) ist, worin bedeuten R¹ und R² einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Oxalkylenrest mit 1 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid-Einheiten und Propylenoxid-Einheiten, R³ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, R⁴ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen oder den Benzylrest und X⁻ ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure.The low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 4 parts by weight , in particular 0.4 to 2.5 parts by weight, of a surfactant formulation consisting of 20 to 60% by weight of water, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, and 40 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 80% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 5), preferably 1: (0.4 to 2), the cationic surfactant being a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N⁺ (R¹, R², R³, R⁴) X⁻ (1), in which R¹ and R² represent an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide Units and propylene oxide units, R³ is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms or the benzyl radical and X⁻ is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid.

Wenn auch die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Tensidformulierungen in der genannten deutschen Patentanmeldung P 39 08 008.0, die hier miteinbezogen wird, ausführlich beschrieben sind, seien sie dennoch im folgenden kurz dargestellt.Although the surfactant formulations to be used according to the invention are described in detail in the aforementioned German patent application P 39 08 008.0, which is also incorporated here, they are nevertheless briefly described below.

Diese Tensidformulierungen stellen im allgemeinen klare Flüssigkeiten mit einem hohen Gehalt an in der Regel einem anionischen und einem kationischen Tensid dar, es handelt sich also um konzentrierte Lösungen wasserhaltiger anionischer/kationischer Tensidkomplexe. Die einzusetzenden Anion- und Kation-Tenside zur Herstellung der Tensidformulierungen sind bekannt und im Handel erhältlich. Als anionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise solche vom Sulfonat- und Sulfat-Typ (mit vorzugsweise einem Alkalimetall oder mit Ammonium als Kation) eingesetzt. Als bevorzugte Vertreter dieser Anion-Tenside seien genannt
C₆ bis C₂₂-Alkansulfonate,
C₆ bis C₂₂-α-Olefinsulfonate,
(C₆ bis C₂₂-Alkyl)benzolsulfonate,
N-C₆ bis C₂₂-Acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethan-2-sulfonate (das sind Taurinderivate),
Sulfobernsteinsäuremono- oder Sulfobernsteinsäuredi-­C₆ bis C₂₂-alkylester,
C₆ bis C₂₂-Fettalkoholsulfate oder
ethoxylierte C₆ bis C₂₂-Fettalkoholsulfate mit 1 bis 20 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten,
wobei die genannten Alkansulfonate, α-Olefinsulfonate, Fettalkoholsulfate und ethoxylierten Fettalkoholsulfate besonders bevorzugt sind. Von den genannten C₆ bis C₂₂-Resten sind die C₈ bis C₁₈-Reste bevorzugt (es versteht sich von selbst, daß die genannten hydrophoben Gruppen mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise 8 bis 18 C-Atomen, auch Doppelbindungen enthalten können, in der Regel 1 bis 3). Nachstehend seien noch geeignete anionische Tenside im einzelnen genannt: Natrium-­C₁₃ bis C₁₇-alkansulfonat (primäres oder sekundäres Alkansulfonat), Natrium-C₁₄ bis C₁₆-α-olefinsulfonat, Natriumdodecylbenzolsulfonat, das Natriumsalz von N-Oleyl-N-methyl-taurin, Natrium-dioctyl-sulfosuccinat, das Natriumsalz von α-Sulfo-C₁₄ bis C₁₈-fettsäuremethylester, Natriumlaurylsulfat, Natriumpalmitylsulfat, Natriumcocosalkylsulfat, Natriummonoethoxydodecanolsulfat, Natrium-C₁₂ bis C₁₄-alkylsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 3 mol Ethylenoxid, Natriumtalgalkylsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 10 mol Ethylenoxid, und Natriumtributylphenolsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 7 mol Ethylenoxid.
Während die Art des anionischen Tensids im allgemeinen nicht kritisch ist, kommen als kationische Tenside bestimmte quartäre Ammoniumsalze in Betracht (so sind zum Beispiel jene quartären Ammoniumsalze ungeeignet, die am Stickstoffatom drei oder mehr kurze aliphatische Reste aufweisen, wie Lauryltrimethyl-, Talgalkyltrimethyl- und Dodecylbenzyl­trimethylammoniumchlorid (vergleiche die eingangs genannte US-Patentschrift 3 684 736).
Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden quartären Ammoniumsalze entsprechen der oben angegebenen Formel 1

Figure imgb0001
worin R¹ bis R⁴ und X⁻ die angegebenen Bedeutungen haben. Bevorzugte Vertreter von Kation-Tensiden sind solche der Formel 1, wenn R¹ und R² (die gleich oder verschieden sein können) einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Oxalkylenrest mit 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 1 bis 5 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid-Einheiten und Propylenoxid-Einheiten bedeuten, R³ ein Alkylrest mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen ist, vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 C-Atomen, R⁴ eine der Bedeutungen von R³ hat oder der Benzylrest ist und X⁻ ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure ist (die für R¹ und R² genannten C₁ bis C₄-Alkylreste sind vorzugsweise Methyl oder Ethyl).
Beispiele für das Anion X⁻ im kationischen Tensid sind anorganische Säurereste, wie Halogenid, vorzugsweise Chlorid oder Bromid, Borat, Phosphat und Sulfat, organische Säurereste von ein- oder mehrwertigen, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, aliphatischen oder aromatischen Säuren, wie Formiat, Acetat, Propionat, Laurat, Stearat, Oleat, Lactat, Citrat, Sorbat, Benzoat, Salicylat und C₁ bis C₃-Alkosulfatanionen, vorzugsweise das Methosulfatanion. Nachstehend seien noch geeignete kationische Tenside im einzelnen genannt: Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Octyldecyldimethyl-, Didecyldimethyl-, Dilauryldimethyl-, Dioleyldimethyl-, Dicocosalkyldimethyl- und Ditalgalkyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Myristyldimethylbenzyl- und Stearyldimethylbenzylammoniumchlorid, Didecyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat, Dioctyl-polyoxethylammoniumpropionat, Ditalgalkyl-methyl-oxpropylammoniumchlorid.These surfactant formulations are generally clear liquids with a high content of usually an anionic and a cationic surfactant, so they are concentrated solutions of water-containing anionic / cationic surfactant complexes. The anion and cation surfactants to be used for the preparation of the surfactant formulations are known and commercially available. The anionic surfactants used are preferably those of the sulfonate and sulfate type (preferably with an alkali metal or with ammonium as the cation). Preferred representatives of these anionic surfactants are mentioned
C₆ to C₂₂ alkanesulfonates,
C₆ to C₂₂-α-olefin sulfonates,
(C₆ to C₂₂-alkyl) benzenesulfonates,
N-C₆ to C₂₂-acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethane-2-sulfonates (these are taurine derivatives),
Sulfosuccinic acid mono- or sulfosuccinic acid di-C₆ to C₂₂-alkyl esters,
C₆ to C₂₂ fatty alcohol sulfates or
ethoxylated C₆ to C₂₂ fatty alcohol sulfates with 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units,
the alkanesulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfates mentioned being particularly preferred. Of the C₆ to C₂₂ radicals mentioned, the C₈ to C₁₈ radicals are preferred (it goes without saying that the hydrophobic groups mentioned having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, can also contain double bonds) usually 1 to 3). Suitable anionic surfactants are mentioned below in detail: sodium C₁₃ to C₁₇ alkane sulfonate (primary or secondary alkane sulfonate), sodium C₁₄ to C₁₆ α-olefin sulfonate, Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl-taurine, sodium dioctyl-sulfosuccinate, the sodium salt of α-sulfo-C₁₄ to C₁₈-fatty acid methyl ester, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium palmitylsulfate, sodium cocosalkylsulfate, sodium mono-sulfonate, sodium mono₄-sulfate ethoxylated with 3 mol ethylene oxide, sodium tallow alkyl sulfate, ethoxylated with 10 mol ethylene oxide, and sodium tributylphenol sulfate, ethoxylated with 7 mol ethylene oxide.
While the type of anionic surfactant is generally not critical, certain quaternary ammonium salts are suitable as cationic surfactants (for example, those quaternary ammonium salts are unsuitable which have three or more short aliphatic radicals on the nitrogen atom, such as lauryl trimethyl, tallow alkyl trimethyl and dodecyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (see U.S. Patent 3,684,736 mentioned in the introduction).
The quaternary ammonium salts to be used according to the invention correspond to formula 1 given above
Figure imgb0001
wherein R¹ to R⁴ and X⁻ have the meanings given. Preferred representatives of cation surfactants are those of the formula 1 when R 1 and R 2 (which may be the same or different) are an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide Units or ethylene oxide units and Propylene oxide units mean, R³ is an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 C atoms, preferably 8 to 10 C atoms, R⁴ has one of the meanings of R³ or the benzyl radical and X⁻ is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid (which for R¹ and R² mentioned C₁ to C₄ alkyl radicals are preferably methyl or ethyl).
Examples of the anion X⁻ in the cationic surfactant are inorganic acid residues, such as halide, preferably chloride or bromide, borate, phosphate and sulfate, organic acid residues of mono- or polyvalent, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic acids, such as formate, acetate, propionate , Laurate, stearate, oleate, lactate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, salicylate and C₁ to C₃ alkosulfate anions, preferably the methosulfate anion. Below are still suitable cationic surfactants mentioned are: dioctyl Octyldecyldimethyl-, Didecyldimethyl-, Dilauryldimethyl-, Dioleyldimethyl-, Dicocosalkyldimethyl- and ditallowalkyldimethylammonium, Myristyldimethylbenzyl- and stearyl dimethyl, didecyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat, dioctyl polyoxethylammoniumpropionat, Ditalgalkyl-methyl-oxpropylammoniumchlorid.

Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Tensidformulierungen sind das Ergebnis einer speziellen Arbeitsweise beim Zusammenbringen der Komponenten Wasser, Anion- und Kation-Tensid. Es werden ein Anion-Tensid und ein Kation-Tensid der genannten Art im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 5), vorzugsweise 1 : (0,4 bis 2), mit Wasser in einer Menge von 50 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 60 bis 80 Gew.-%, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf die Gewichtssumme aus Anion-Tensid, Kation-Tensid und Wasser, bei einer Temperatur von 25 bis 95 °C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 85 °C, unter Ausbildung zweier Phasen gemischt, die Trennung der beiden Phasen abgewartet und die obere angestrebte konzentrierte Tensidphase von der unteren Salzphase abgetrennt. Die einzusetzenden Anion-Tenside und Kation-Tenside liegen bekanntlich oft als Feststoffe oder als gelartige Tensid-Wasser-Mischung vor. Im einzelnen werden Anion-­Tensid, Kation-Tensid und Wasser, vorzugsweise entmineralisiertes Wasser, in der angegebenen Menge in einem Reaktionsgefäß bei einer Temperatur von 25 bis 95 °C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 85 °C, vermischt, vorzugsweise unter Rühren, wobei es zur Bildung von zwei Phasen kommt. In welcher Reihenfolge die drei Komponenten in das Reaktionsgefäß eingebracht werden, ist nicht kritisch. Entscheidend ist, daß die drei Komponenten bei der angegebenen Temperatur gut gemischt werden. Die Zeit des Mischens liegt in der Regel bei 5 bis 90 Minuten. Mit weniger als 5 Minuten ist im allgemeinen auch mit starkem Rührem keine intensive Vermischung der Komponenten gegeben und mehr als 90 Minuten bringen im allgemeinen keine weitere Verstärkung der Vermischung. Aus diesen Gründen liegt die Mischzeit zweckmäßigerweise bei 20 bis 60 Minuten. Nach Abschluß der Vermischung der Komponenten bei der angegebenen Mischtemperatur wird das Reaktionsgefäß stehengelassen, bis sich der Inhalt in eine obere und eine untere Phase getrennt hat. Während dieser Standzeit, die etwa 30 Minuten bis mehrere Stunden betragen kann, kühlt sich der Inhalt in der Regel auf Raumtemperatur ab. Von den beiden in scharfer Trennung vorliegenden Phasen stellt die obere Phase (Tensidphase) die angestrebte konzentrierte und flüssige und gleichzeitig klare, wasserhaltige Tensidformulierung dar, während die untere Phase (Salzphase) im wesentlichen das aus dem Anion des kationischen Tensids und dem Kation des anionischen Tensid gebildete Salz gelöst in Wasser enthält. Die angestrebte Tensidphase (die neben den Komponenten Wasser und Tensid gegebenenfalls auch etwas Salz enthält) kann beispielsweise einfach durch Abgießen gewonnen werden.The surfactant formulations to be used according to the invention are the result of a special procedure when bringing the components water, anion and cation surfactant together. There are an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant of the type mentioned in the molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 5), preferably 1: (0.4 to 2), with water in an amount of 50 to 80% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, percentages by weight based on the total weight Anion surfactant, cation surfactant and water, at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C, preferably 40 to 85 ° C, mixed to form two phases, the separation of the two phases is awaited and the upper desired concentrated surfactant phase separated from the lower salt phase . As is known, the anion surfactants and cation surfactants to be used are often present as solids or as a gel-like surfactant-water mixture. In particular, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and water, preferably demineralized water, are mixed in the stated amount in a reaction vessel at a temperature of 25 to 95 ° C., preferably 40 to 85 ° C., preferably with stirring, whereby it Formation of two phases comes. The order in which the three components are introduced into the reaction vessel is not critical. It is crucial that the three components are mixed well at the specified temperature. The mixing time is usually 5 to 90 minutes. With less than 5 minutes there is generally no intensive mixing of the components, even with vigorous stirring, and more than 90 minutes generally do not bring about any further intensification of the mixing. For these reasons, the mixing time is advantageously 20 to 60 minutes. After the components have been mixed at the specified mixing temperature, the reaction vessel is left to stand until the contents have separated into an upper and a lower phase. During this service life, which lasts about 30 minutes to several hours the content usually cools down to room temperature. Of the two phases in sharp separation, the upper phase (surfactant phase) represents the desired concentrated and liquid and at the same time clear, water-containing surfactant formulation, while the lower phase (salt phase) essentially consists of the anion of the cationic surfactant and the cation of the anionic surfactant formed salt contains dissolved in water. The desired surfactant phase (which in addition to the components water and surfactant may also contain some salt) can be obtained, for example, simply by pouring.

Die erfindungsgemäße schwachschäumende und kältestabile flüssige Tensidzusammensetzung umfaßt neben der oben beschriebenen Tensidformulierung mindestens ein nichtionisches Tensid als weitere Komponente. Als nichtionische Tenside werden vorzugsweise solche aus der Gruppe der Polyglykolether eingesetzt (in der Regel wird nur ein nichtionisches Tensid eingesetzt). Bevorzugte Vertreter dieser Gruppe sind (a) die Oxalkylate von C₈ bis C₁₈-Alkoholen (Fettalkoholen, Oxoalkoholen), (C₄ bis C₁₂-Alkyl)-phenolen (mono-, di- oder trialkylsubstituiert), C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäuren, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettaminen, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäureamiden und (C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäure)-ethanolamiden mit (jeweils) 2 bis 30, vorzugsweise 4 bis 15, Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid- und Propylenoxid-Einheiten (in der Oxalkylatgruppe) und (b) die ebenfalls als nichtionische Tenside bekannten Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockpolymeren, die aus einem Propylenoxid-Innenblock mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 000 bis 3 000 und 5 bis 50 Gew-% (ankondensiertem) Ethylenoxid bestehen, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf das Blockpolymere. Besonders bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind die genannten Oxalkylate in Form der Polyethylenglykolether (Oxethylate) und Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockpolymere, die aus einem Propylenoxid-Innenblock mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 500 bis 2 500 und 10 bis 30 Gew-% Ethylenoxid bestehen, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf das Blockpolymere. Es kommen vorzugsweise solche nichtionischen Tenside zur Anwendung, die einen Trübungspunkt - gemessen in Butyldiglykol gemäß DIN 53 917 - von 30 bis 100 °C aufweisen. Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden nichtionischen Tenside sind bekannt und im Handel erhältlich. Sie liegen in der Regel als wasserfreie, mehr oder weniger viskose Flüssigkeiten vor, gelegentlich auch mit einem Gehalt von etwa 10 bis 20 Gew.-% Wasser.The low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant composition according to the invention comprises, in addition to the surfactant formulation described above, at least one nonionic surfactant as a further component. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably those from the group of polyglycol ethers (generally only one nonionic surfactant is used). Preferred representatives of this group are (a) the oxalkylates of C₈ to C₁₈ alcohols (fatty alcohols, oxo alcohols), (C₄ to C₁₂ alkyl) phenols (mono-, di- or trialkyl-substituted), C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acids, C₈ to C₁₈ Fatty amines, C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acid amides and (C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acid) ethanolamides with (each) 2 to 30, preferably 4 to 15, ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units (in the oxalkylate group) and (b) the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, also known as nonionic surfactants, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000 and 5 to 50% by weight (condensed) ethylene oxide exist, percentages by weight based on the block polymer. Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are the oxalkylates mentioned in the form of the polyethylene glycol ethers (oxethylates) and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, which consist of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,500 and 10 to 30% by weight of ethylene oxide, weight percentages based on the block polymer. Those nonionic surfactants are preferably used which have a cloud point - measured in butyl diglycol according to DIN 53 917 - from 30 to 100 ° C. The nonionic surfactants to be used according to the invention are known and commercially available. They are usually in the form of water-free, more or less viscous liquids, sometimes with a content of about 10 to 20% by weight of water.

Die erfindungsgemäßen schwachschäumenden und kältestabilen flüssigen Tensidzusammensetzungen werden dadurch hergestellt, daß die beiden Komponenten nichtionisches Tensid und Tensidformulierung im Gewichtsverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 9), vorzugsweise 1 : (0,4 bis 4), insbesondere 1 : (0,4 bis 2,5), vorzugsweise unter Rühren zusammengebracht werden. Das Vermischen der beiden Komponenten wird bei Raumtemperatur oder unter Erhitzen auf eine Temperatur von 30 bis 80 °C, vorzugsweise 40 bis 60 °C, vorgenommen. Die beiden Komponenten vermischen sich relativ schnell zu einer homogenen und im wesentlichen klaren Flüssigkeit (dies vor allem dann, wenn sie unter Erhitzen vermischt werden). In welcher Reihenfolge die Komponenten zusammengebracht werden, ist nicht kritisch. Entscheidend ist lediglich, daß die genannten Gewichtsverhältnisse eingehalten werden. Die Zeit des Vermischens beträgt, je nach Art der Komponenten und Mischtemperatur, im allgemeinen 5 bis 30 Minuten. Die erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem anionischen und einem kationischen Tensid (Anion/Kation-Tensidkomplex), einem nichtionischen Tensid und Wasser. Die Wassermenge resultiert im wesentlichen aus der eingesetzten Tensidformulierung und beträgt, je nach Tensidformulierung und Mischungsverhältnis von Tensidformulierung und nichtionischem Tensid, 5 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 Gew.-%, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf die Tensidzusammensetzung.The low-foaming and low-temperature stable liquid surfactant compositions according to the invention are prepared in that the two components nonionic surfactant and surfactant formulation in a weight ratio of 1: (0.3 to 9), preferably 1: (0.4 to 4), in particular 1: (0.4 to 2.5), preferably brought together with stirring. The two components are mixed at room temperature or with heating to a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C., preferably 40 to 60 ° C. The two components mix relatively quickly to form a homogeneous and essentially clear liquid (especially if they are mixed while heated). The order in which the components are brought together is not critical. The only decisive factor is that the weight ratios mentioned are observed. The mixing time is generally 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the type of components and the mixing temperature. The surfactant compositions according to the invention essentially consist of an anionic and a cationic surfactant (anion / cation-surfactant complex), a nonionic surfactant and water. The amount of water essentially results from the surfactant formulation used and, depending on the surfactant formulation and the mixing ratio of surfactant formulation and nonionic surfactant, is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the surfactant composition.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen weisen eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf. Sie stellen an Tensiden konzentrierte und im allgemeinen klare Flüssigkeiten dar, die sich insbesondere durch eine relativ geringe Schaumbildung (günstiges Schaumverhalten), gutes Netzverhalten und tiefe Stockpunkte (günstiges Kälteverhalten) auszeichnen. Selbst bei Einsatz von relativ hochviskosen und trübaussehenden nichtionischen Tensidkonzentraten werden durch das Abmischen mit den beschriebenen Tensidformulierungen klare und flüssige und damit gut handhabbare Zusammensetzungen erhalten. Sie zeigen nur geringe Schaumneigung und gute Netzwerte. Diese Werte sind vor allem dann gut, wenn das Kation-Tensid in der eingesetzten Tensidformulierung einen relativ kurzkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffrest aufweist. Die erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen zeichnen sich insbesondere durch ihr überraschend günstiges Kälteverhalten aus. Ihre Stockpunkte liegen allgemein tiefer als die Stockpunkte der beiden Komponenten Tensidformulierung und nichtionisches Tensid, was offensichtlich aus einem unerwartet hohen synergistischen Effekt resultiert. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Mischen lassen sich gleichsam maßgeschneiderte Tensidzusammensetzungen herstellen, die im Vergleich zu den beiden Einsatz-­Tensiden oft stark verbesserte Eigenschaften und damit Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufweisen. Je nach Wahl der beschriebenen Tensidformulierungen und der nichtionischen Verbindungen können Mischungen hergestellt werden, die sich insbesondere durch eine oder mehrere der folgenden Eigenschaften auszeichnen: günstiges Schaum- und Netzverhälten, geringe Oberflächenspannung, hohe Klarheit und ausgezeichnetes Kälteverhalten. Die erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen können als solche oder verdünnt mit Lösungsmitteln, wie Wasser oder Alkohole, eingesetzt werden.The surfactant compositions according to the invention have a number of advantages. They are concentrated and generally clear liquids on surfactants, which are characterized in particular by relatively low foaming (favorable foaming behavior), good wetting behavior and low pour points (favorable low-temperature behavior). Even when relatively highly viscous and cloudy-looking nonionic surfactant concentrates are used, clear and liquid and thus easy-to-handle compositions are obtained by mixing with the surfactant formulations described. They show only a slight tendency to foam and good network values. These values are particularly good when the cationic surfactant has a relatively short-chain hydrocarbon residue in the surfactant formulation used. The surfactant compositions according to the invention are distinguished in particular by their surprisingly favorable cold behavior. Their pour points are generally lower than the pour points of the two components surfactant formulation and nonionic surfactant, which obviously results from an unexpectedly high synergistic effect. The mixing according to the invention can be used to produce, as it were, tailor-made surfactant compositions which, compared to the two surfactants used, often have greatly improved properties and thus possible uses. Depending on the choice of the surfactant formulations described and the nonionic compounds, mixtures can be produced which are characterized in particular by one or more of the following properties: favorable foam and wetting behavior, low surface tension, high clarity and excellent cold behavior. The surfactant compositions according to the invention can be used as such or diluted with solvents such as water or alcohols.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen werden in vorteilhafter Weise zur Bereitung von schaumarmen und kältestabilen Tensidkonzentraten verwendet, indem sie mit verbesserungsbedürftigen Tensidprodukten abgemischt werden, um auch diesen insbesondere Schaumarmut und Kältestabilität (niedrigen Stockpunkt) zu verleihen.The surfactant compositions according to the invention are advantageously used for the preparation of low-foam and low-temperature surfactant concentrates, by mixing them with surfactant products in need of improvement, in order to impart low foam and low-temperature stability (low pour point) to them.

Die Erfindung wird nun an Beispielen noch näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained in more detail using examples.

Es werden zunächst 10 Anion-Tenside und Kation-Tenside angegeben, die zur Bereitung der entsprechenden 10 Tensidformulierungen eingesetzt wurden:

  • 1: Natrium-C₁₃ bis C₁₇-alkansulfonat und Ditalgalkyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 2: Natrium-C₁₄ bis C₁₆-α-olefinsulfonat und Dioctyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat (erhalten durch Umsetzung von Dioctylmethylamin mit 4 mol Ethylenoxid und 1 mol Propionsäure pro mol tertiärem Amin),
  • 3: Natrium-C₁₂ bis C₁₄-alkylsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 3 mol Ethylenoxid, und Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 4: Natrium-C₁₃ bis C₁₇-alkansulfonat und Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 5: Natrium-C₁₃ bis C₁₇-alkansulfonat und Dicocosalkyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 6: Natrium-C₁₄ bis C₁₆-α-olefinsulfonat und Dioctyl-methyl-oxethylammoniumpropionat (erhalten durch Umsetzung von Dioctylmethylamin mit 4 mol Ethylenoxid und 1 mol Propionsäure pro mol tertiärem Amin),
  • 7: Natrium-C₁₂ bis C₁₄-alkylsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 3 mol Ethylenoxid, und Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 8: Natrium-N-oleoyl-N-methyl-taurid und Didecyl-oxethyl-methylammoniumpropionat (erhalten durch Umsetzung von Didecylmethylamin mit 4 mol Ethylenoxid und 1 mol Propionsäure pro mol tertiärem Amin),
  • 9: Natrium-tributylphenolsulfat, ethoxyliert mit 7 mol Ethylenoxid, und Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
  • 10: Natrium-C₁₃ bis C₁₇-alkansulfonat und Dioctyldimethylammoniumchlorid,
First, 10 anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants are specified that were used to prepare the corresponding 10 surfactant formulations:
  • 1: sodium C₁₃ to C₁₇ alkanesulfonate and ditallow alkyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 2: sodium C₁₄ to C₁₆-α-olefin sulfonate and dioctyl-methyl-oxethylammonium propionate (obtained by reacting dioctylmethylamine with 4 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of propionic acid per mole of tertiary amine),
  • 3: sodium C₁₂ to C₁₄ alkyl sulfate, ethoxylated with 3 mol of ethylene oxide, and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 4: sodium C₁₃ to C₁₇ alkanesulfonate and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 5: sodium C₁₃ to C₁₇ alkanesulfonate and dicocosalkyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 6: sodium C₁₄ to C₁₆-α-olefin sulfonate and dioctyl-methyl-oxethylammonium propionate (obtained by reacting dioctylmethylamine with 4 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of propionic acid per mole of tertiary amine),
  • 7: sodium C₁₂ to C₁₄ alkyl sulfate, ethoxylated with 3 mol ethylene oxide, and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 8: sodium-N-oleoyl-N-methyl-tauride and didecyl-oxethyl-methylammonium propionate (obtained by reacting didecylmethylamine with 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of propionic acid per mol of tertiary amine),
  • 9: sodium tributylphenol sulfate, ethoxylated with 7 mol of ethylene oxide and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride,
  • 10: sodium C₁₃ to C₁₇ alkanesulfonate and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride,

Nachstehend wird die Bereitung und die Zusammensetzung der Tensidformulierungen 1 bis 10 näher beschrieben.The preparation and the composition of the surfactant formulations 1 to 10 are described in more detail below.

Tensidformulierung 1Surfactant formulation 1

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 1 und Kation-Tensid 1 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 wurde bei 80 °C 30 Minuten lang gut gerührt. Nach dieser Zeit wurden das Rühren und das Erhitzen abgebrochen und der Inhalt des Becherglases (in dem die Bildung von zwei Phasen zu sehen war) 5 Stunden lang bei Raumtemperatur stehengelassen. Nach dieser Zeit hatten sich zwei scharf voneinander getrennte Phasen gebildet. Die obere klare Phase, das ist die angestrebte Tensid-Phase oder Tensidformulierung 1, wurde durch Abgießen von der unteren Phase, das ist die wäßrige Salz-Phase (NaCl), gewonnen. Die flüssige und etwas trübe Tensidformulierung 1 bestand aus 26 Gew.-% Wasser und 74 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 1 plus Kation-­Tensid 1 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 (der Gehalt an Salz lag unter 0,1 Gew.-%).
Erfolgt das obengenannte Stehenlassen (Standzeit) des Inhaltes des Becherglases nach dem Abbrechen des Rührens unter Aufrechterhaltung der Temperatur von 80 °C, so ist die Bildung der beiden scharf voneinander getrennten Phasen schon nach einer Stunde beendet; durch Stehenlassen der Mischung in der Wärme wird also die Trennung in die beiden Phasen beträchtlich beschleunigt.
A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 and cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. After this time, stirring and heating were stopped and the contents of the beaker (in which two phases were seen to form) were left to stand at room temperature for 5 hours. After this time, two distinct phases were formed. The upper clear phase, that is the desired surfactant phase or surfactant formulation 1, was obtained by pouring off the lower phase, that is the aqueous salt phase (NaCl). The liquid and somewhat cloudy surfactant formulation 1 consisted of 26% by weight of water and 74% by weight of anionic surfactant 1 plus cationic surfactant 1 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight) .
If the above-mentioned standing (standing time) of the contents of the beaker takes place after stopping the stirring while maintaining the temperature of 80 ° C., the formation of the two sharply separated phases is already over after one hour; by allowing the mixture to stand in the heat, the separation into the two phases is considerably accelerated.

Tensidformulierung 2Surfactant formulation 2

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 2 und Kation-Tensid 2 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 wurde bei 70 °C 30 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 2 bestand aus 45 Gew.-% Wasser und 55 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 2 und Kation-Tensid 2 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 (der Gehält an Salz lag unter 0,1 Gew.-%).A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and as at Treated surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 2 consisted of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of anionic surfactant 2 and cationic surfactant 2 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 0.1% by weight).

Tensidformulierung 3Surfactant formulation 3

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 3 und Kation-Tensid 3 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 wurde bei 80 °C 45 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 3 bestand aus 32 Gew.-% Wasser und 68 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 3 und Kation-Tensid 3 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 (der Gehält an Salz lag unter 1 Gew.-%).A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 45 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 3 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 3 and cationic surfactant 3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight).

Tensidformulierung 4Surfactant formulation 4

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 4 und Kation-Tensid 4 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 wurde bei 60 °C 30 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 4 bestand aus 27 Gew.-% Wasser und 73 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 4 und Kation-Tensid 4 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 (der Gehalt an Salz lag unter 1 Gew.-%; auch bei den weiteren Tensidformulierungen lag der Salzgehalt mehr oder weniger unter 1 Gew.-%).A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 4 consisted of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of anionic surfactant 4 and cationic surfactant 4 in a molar ratio of 1: 1 (the salt content was below 1% by weight; also in the other surfactant formulations, the salt content was more or less below 1% by weight).

Tensidformulierung 5Surfactant formulation 5

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 5 und Kation-Tensid 5 im Molverhältnis 1 : 0,4 wurde bei 80 °C 1 Stunde lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 5 bestand aus 55 Gew.-% Wasser und 45 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 5 und Kation-Tensid 5 im Molverhältnis 1 : 0,4.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 5 consisted of 55% by weight of water and 45% by weight of anionic surfactant 5 and cationic surfactant 5 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.4.

Tensidformulierung 6Surfactant formulation 6

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 6 und Kation-Tensid 6 im Molverhältnis 1 : 0,7 wurde bei 70 °C 30 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 6 bestand aus 58 Gew.-% Wasser und 42 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 6 und Kation-Tensid 6 im Molverhältnis 1 : 0,7.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7 was stirred well at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 6 consisted of 58% by weight of water and 42% by weight of anionic surfactant 6 and cationic surfactant 6 in a molar ratio of 1: 0.7.

Tensidformulierung 7Surfactant formulation 7

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 7 und Kation-Tensid 7 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1,5 wurde bei 80 °C 1 Stunde lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 7 bestand aus 41 Gew.-% Wasser und 59 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 7 und Kation-Tensid 7 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1,5.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 7 consisted of 41% by weight of water and 59% by weight of anionic surfactant 7 and cationic surfactant 7 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.5.

Tensidformulierung 8Surfactant formulation 8

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 8 und Kation-Tensid 8 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1,7 wurde bei 80 °C 90 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 8 bestand aus 30 Gew.-% Wasser und 70 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 8 und Kation-Tensid 8 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1,7.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 90 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 8 consisted of 30% by weight of water and 70% by weight of anionic surfactant 8 and cationic surfactant 8 in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7.

Tensidformulierung 9Surfactant formulation 9

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 9 und Kation-Tensid 9 im Molverhältnis 1 : 4 wurde bei 80 °C 1 Stunde lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 9 bestand aus 48 Gew.-% Wasser und 52 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 9 und Kation-Tensid 9 im Molverhältnis 1 : 4.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4 was stirred well at 80 ° C. for 1 hour and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 9 consisted of 48% by weight of water and 52% by weight of anionic surfactant 9 and cationic surfactant 9 in a molar ratio of 1: 4.

Tensidformulierung 10Surfactant formulation 10

Eine Mischung aus 70 Gew.-% Wasser und 30 Gew.-% Anion-­Tensid 10 und Kation-Tensid 10 im Molverhältnis 1 : 2 wurde bei 60 °C 30 Minuten lang gut gerührt und wie bei Tensidformulierung 1 weiterbehandelt. Die flüssige und klare Tensidformulierung 10 bestand aus 32 Gew.-% Wasser und 68 Gew.-% Anion-Tensid 10 und Kation-­Tensid 10 im Molverhältnis 1 : 2.A mixture of 70% by weight of water and 30% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2 was stirred well at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and treated as in surfactant formulation 1. The liquid and clear surfactant formulation 10 consisted of 32% by weight of water and 68% by weight of anionic surfactant 10 and cationic surfactant 10 in a molar ratio of 1: 2.

Nachstehend werden 12 nichtionischen Tenside angegeben, die im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele gemeinsam mit den Tensidformulierungen 1 bis 10 eingesetzt wurden:

  • 1: Isotridecylalkanol, ethoxyliert mit 8 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Alkanol,
  • 2: C₁₂ bis C₁₅-Alkanol, ethoxyliert mit 6 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Alkanol,
  • 3: Undecylalkanol, ethoxyliert mit 11 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Alkanol,
  • 4: C₁₀ bis C₁₂-Alkanol, alkoxyliert mit 4 mol Ethylenoxid und 4 mol Propylenoxid pro mol Alkanol,
  • 5: Cocosfettalkohol plus 9 mol Ethylenoxid und endverschlossen mit n-C₄H₉,
  • 6: Nonylphenol, ethoxyliert mit 4 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Nonylphenol,
  • 7: Tributylphenol, ethoxyliert mit 30 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Tributylphenol,
  • 8: Cocosfettsäure, ethoxyliert mit 10 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Cocosfettsäure,
  • 9: Stearylamin, ethoxyliert mit 15 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Stearylamin,
  • 10: Cocosfettsäuremonoethanolamid, ethoxyliert mit 5 mol Ethylenoxid pro mol Amid,
  • 11: Cocosalkylamido-polyglykolethersulfat­triethanolaminsalz, erhalten durch Sulfatierung von Cocosalkylamid plus 3 mol Ethylenoxid und Salzbildung mit Triethanolamin,
  • 12: Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockpolymeres, erhalten durch Umsetzung eines Polypropylenglykolblockes mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 1 700 mit soviel Ethylenoxid, daß das Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-­Blockpolymere 20 Gew.-% Ethylenoxid enthält, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf das Blockpolymere.
The following are 12 nonionic surfactants which were used together with the surfactant formulations 1 to 10 in the examples according to the invention:
  • 1: isotridecylalkanol, ethoxylated with 8 mol ethylene oxide per mol alkanol,
  • 2: C₁₂ to C₁₅ alkanol, ethoxylated with 6 mol ethylene oxide per mol alkanol,
  • 3: undecylalkanol, ethoxylated with 11 mol ethylene oxide per mol alkanol,
  • 4: C₁₀ to C₁₂ alkanol, alkoxylated with 4 mol ethylene oxide and 4 mol propylene oxide per mol alkanol,
  • 5: coconut fatty alcohol plus 9 mol ethylene oxide and sealed with n-C₄H₉,
  • 6: nonylphenol, ethoxylated with 4 mol ethylene oxide per mol nonylphenol,
  • 7: tributylphenol, ethoxylated with 30 mol ethylene oxide per mol tributylphenol,
  • 8: coconut fatty acid, ethoxylated with 10 mol ethylene oxide per mol coconut fatty acid,
  • 9: stearylamine, ethoxylated with 15 mol ethylene oxide per mol stearylamine,
  • 10: coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, ethoxylated with 5 mol ethylene oxide per mol amide,
  • 11: Cocosalkylamido-polyglycol ether sulfate triethanolamine salt, obtained by sulfating cocosalkylamide plus 3 mol ethylene oxide and salt formation with triethanolamine,
  • 12: ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymer obtained by reacting a polypropylene glycol block with a molecular weight of approximately 1,700 with sufficient ethylene oxide that the ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymer contains 20% by weight of ethylene oxide, percentages by weight based on the block polymer.

Erfindungsgemäße BeispieleExamples according to the invention Beispiel 1example 1

300 g vom nichtionischen Tensid 1 und 700 g von der Tensidformulierung 4 wurden in ein Becherglas gegeben und bei Raumtemperatur 20 Minuten lang gerührt, worauf eine flüssige und klare Mischung vorlag. Diese erfindungsgemäße Tensidzusammensetzung wurde also dadurch hergestellt, daß 1 Gew.-Teil des genannten nichtionischen Tensids mit 2,3 Gew.-Teilen einer Tensidformulierung, bestehend aus 27 Gew.-% Wasser und 73 Gew.-% von dem genannten Anion/Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : 1, bei Raumtemperatur miteinander vermischt wurden.300 g of nonionic surfactant 1 and 700 g of surfactant formulation 4 were placed in a beaker and stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, after which there was a liquid and clear mixture. This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned to 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 27% by weight of water and 73% by weight of the anion / cation mentioned. Surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: 1, were mixed together at room temperature.

Beispiel 2Example 2

700 g vom nichtionischen Tensid 2 und 300 g von der Tensidformulierung 2 wurden in ein Becherglas gegeben und bei 50 °C 10 Minuten lang gerührt, worauf eine flüssige und leicht trübe Mischung vorlag. Diese erfindungsgemäße Tensidzusammensetzung wurde also dadurch hergestellt, daß 1 Gew.-Teil des genannten nichtionischen Tensids mit 0,4 Gew.-Teilen einer Tensidformulierung, bestehend aus 45 Gew.-% Wasser und 55 Gew.-% von dem genannten Anion/Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : 1, bei 50 °C miteinander vermischt wurden.700 g of the nonionic surfactant 2 and 300 g of the surfactant formulation 2 were placed in a beaker and stirred at 50 ° C. for 10 minutes, after which a liquid and slightly cloudy mixture was present. This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned with 0.4 part by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of the anion / cation mentioned. Surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: 1, were mixed together at 50 ° C.

Beispiel 3Example 3

500 g vom nichtionischen Tensid 3 und 500 g von der Tensidformulierung 2 wurden in ein Becherglas gegeben und bei 60 °C 10 Minuten lang gerührt, worauf eine flüssige und leicht trübe Mischung vorlag. Diese erfindungsgemäße Tensidzusammensetzung wurde also dadurch hergestellt, daß 1 Gew.-Teil des genannten nichtionischen Tensids mit 1 Gew.-Teil einer Tensidformulierung, bestehend aus 45 Gew.-% Wasser und 55 Gew.-% von dem genannten Anion/Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : 1, bei 60 °C miteinander vermischt wurden.500 g of nonionic surfactant 3 and 500 g of surfactant formulation 2 were placed in a beaker and stirred at 60 ° C for 10 minutes, whereupon a liquid and slightly cloudy mixture was present. This surfactant composition according to the invention was thus prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the nonionic surfactant mentioned with 1 part by weight of a surfactant formulation consisting of 45% by weight of water and 55% by weight of the anion / cation surfactant mentioned Molar ratio of 1: 1, were mixed together at 60 ° C.

Beispiele 4 bis 15Examples 4 to 15

Die Beispiele 4 bis 15, in denen ebenfalls eine flüssige (gut gießbare) und mehr oder weniger klare erfindungsgemäße Tensidzusammensetzung erhalten wurde, sind in der folgenden Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt. Die Tabelle 1 gibt Auskunft über die eingesetzten nichtionischen Tenside und Tensidformulierungen und über das Gewichtsmengenverhältnis von nichtionischem Tensid zu Tensidformulierung. Die Tabelle 1 enthält der Vollständigkeit halber auch die entsprechenden Angaben der Beispiele 1 bis 3: Tabelle 1 Beispiel Nr. Nichtionisches Tensid Nr. Tensidformulierung Nr. Mischungsverhältnis in Gewichtsteilen 1 1 4 1 : 2,3 2 2 2 1 : 0,4 3 3 2 1 : 1 4 4 4 1 : 1 5 1 1 1 : 1 6 4 3 1 : 0,7 7 11 4 1 : 1 8 5 5 1 : 0,7 9 6 7 1 : 4 10 7 9 1 : 7 11 8 6 1 : 7 12 9 8 1 : 4 13 10 10 1 : 7 14 12 8 1 : 7 15 2 5 1 : 0,4 Examples 4 to 15, in which a liquid (easily pourable) and more or less clear surfactant composition according to the invention were likewise obtained, are summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1 provides information on the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used and on the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to surfactant formulation. For the sake of completeness, Table 1 also contains the corresponding information from Examples 1 to 3: Table 1 Example No. Nonionic surfactant no. Surfactant Formulation No. Mixing ratio in parts by weight 1 1 4th 1: 2.3 2nd 2nd 2nd 1: 0.4 3rd 3rd 2nd 1: 1 4th 4th 4th 1: 1 5 1 1 1: 1 6 4th 3rd 1: 0.7 7 11 4th 1: 1 8th 5 5 1: 0.7 9 6 7 1: 4 10th 7 9 1: 7 11 8th 6 1: 7 12 9 8th 1: 4 13 10th 10th 1: 7 14 12 8th 1: 7 15 2nd 5 1: 0.4

In der folgenden Tabelle 2 sind die Eigenschaften der 15 erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen der Beispiele 1 bis 15 angegeben, und zwar die Stockpunkte, die Schaumwerte, die Netzwerte und die Oberflächenspannungswerte. Die Tabelle 2 zeigt auch (um einen direkten Vergleich zu gewähren) die Stockpunkte, Schaumwerte, Netzwerte und Oberflächenspannungswerte der zur Bereitung der Tensidzusammensetzungen eingesetzten 12 nichtionischen Tenside und 10 Tensidformulierungen.
In der Tabelle 2 werden (der Kürze halber) die 12 eingesetzten nichtionischen Tenside mit A1 bis A12 bezeichnet, die 10 eingesetzten Tensidzusammensetzungen mit B1 bis B10 und die 15 erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen mit C1 bis C15.

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Table 2 below shows the properties of the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention from Examples 1 to 15, namely the pour points, the foam values, the wetting values and the surface tension values. Table 2 also shows the pour points, foam values, network values and surface tension values (in order to provide a direct comparison) of the 12 nonionic surfactants and 10 surfactant formulations used to prepare the surfactant compositions.
In Table 2 (for the sake of brevity) the 12 nonionic surfactants used are designated A1 to A12, the 10 surfactant compositions used B1 to B10 and the 15 surfactant compositions according to the invention C1 to C15.
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

Wie die Beispiele zeigen, liegen die Stockpunkte der erfindungsgemäßen Tensidzusammensetzungen teilweise weit unter den Stockpunkten der eingesetzten nichtionischen Tenside und Tensidformulierungen. Aufgrund dieses offensichtlich hohen synergistischen Effektes besitzen die neuen Tensidzusammensetzungen ein überaus günstiges Kälteverhälten. Auch die anderen getesteten Eigenschaften, insbesondere das Schaumverhalten, weisen gute Werte auf.As the examples show, the pour points of the surfactant compositions according to the invention are in some cases far below the pour points of the nonionic surfactants and surfactant formulations used. Because of this obviously high synergistic effect, the new surfactant compositions have an extremely favorable cooling behavior. The other properties tested, in particular the foaming behavior, also have good values.

Nachstehend seien noch die Testmethoden für die einzelnen Eigenschaften kurz angegeben:The test methods for the individual properties are briefly stated below:

Der Stockpunkt (pour point) wurde nach DIN-ISO 3016 bestimmt. Es wurden 50 bis 80 g Tensidzusammensetzung in ein Becherglas gegeben und so weit abgekühlt, bis die bei Raumtemperatur flüssige und gut gießbare Zusammensetzung nicht mehr gießbar war. Die dabei vorliegende Temperatur wird als Stockpunkt der Zusammensetzung bezeichnet.
Der Schaumwert wurde nach DIN 53 902 bestimmt. Es wurde 1 g von der Tensidzusammensetzung in einem Liter vollentsalztem Wasser gelöst. Von dieser Lösung wurden etwa 200 ml in den 1000-ml-Meßzylinder gegeben und mit der gelochten Schlagscheibe dreißigmal geschlagen. Die entstandene Schaumhöhe im Meßzylinder, ausgedrückt in Milliliter, stellt den Schaumwert dar.
Die Oberflächenspannung wurde nach DIN 53 914 bestimmt. Es wurden 0,1 g von der Tensidzusammensetzung in einem Liter vollentsalztem Wasser gelöst. Von dieser Lösung wurde die Oberflächenspannung mit einem üblichen Tensiometer nach der Ringabreißmethode in mN/m gemessen.
The pour point was determined according to DIN-ISO 3016. 50 to 80 g of the surfactant composition were placed in a beaker and cooled until the composition which was liquid and readily pourable at room temperature was no longer pourable. The temperature at the time is referred to as the pour point of the composition.
The foam value was determined in accordance with DIN 53 902. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. About 200 ml of this solution were added to the 1000 ml measuring cylinder and beaten thirty times with the perforated beating disc. The resulting foam height in the measuring cylinder, expressed in milliliters, represents the foam value.
The surface tension was determined in accordance with DIN 53 914. 0.1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. The surface tension of this solution was measured in mN / m using a conventional tensiometer using the ring tear-off method.

Das Netzvermögen wurde nach DIN 53 901 bestimmt. Es wurde 1 g von der Tensidzusammensetzung in einem Liter vollentsalztem Wasser gelöst. In die Lösung wurde ein Baumwolleplättchen eingetaucht. Es wurde die Zeit gemessen, die nach dem Eintauchen des Plättchens bis zum Beginn seines weiteren Absinkens in der Lösung verging. Diese Zeit in Sekunden stellt das Netzvermögen dar (wird das Baumwolleplättchen schnell benetzt, was hohes Netzvermögen bedeutet, sinkt es schon nach einigen Sekunden ab).The wetting capacity was determined in accordance with DIN 53 901. 1 g of the surfactant composition was dissolved in one liter of deionized water. A cotton plate was dipped into the solution. The time was measured after the plate had been immersed until it began to sink further into the solution. This time in seconds represents the wetting ability (if the cotton plate is wetted quickly, which means high wetting power, it drops after a few seconds).

Claims (10)

1. Schwachschäumende und kältestabile flüssige Tensidzusammensetzungen, die im wesentlichen aus Wasser und nichtionischen, anionischen und kationischen Tensiden bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie hergestellt worden sind durch Zusammenmischen von 1 Gew.-Teil von mindestens einem nichtionischen Tensid und 0,3 bis 9 Gew.-Teilen von einer Tensidformulierung, bestehend aus 20 bis 60 Gew.-% Wasser und 40 bis 80 Gew.-% von mindestens einem Anion-Tensid und mindestens einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,3 bis 5), wobei das Kation-Tensid ein quartäres Ammoniumsalz der Formel N⁺(R¹,R²,R³,R⁴)X⁻ (1) ist, worin bedeuten R¹ und R² einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Oxalkylenrest mit 1 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid-Einheiten und Propylenoxid-Einheiten, R³ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen, R⁴ einen Alkylrest oder einen Alkenylrest mit 6 bis 22 C-Atomen oder den Benzylrest und X⁻ ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure.1. Low-foaming and cold-stable liquid surfactant compositions which consist essentially of water and nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants, characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.3 to 9 wt Parts of a surfactant formulation consisting of 20 to 60% by weight of water and 40 to 80% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1: (0.3 to 5), wherein the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula N⁺ (R¹, R², R³, R⁴) X⁻ (1), in which R¹ and R² represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide Units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units, R³ is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms, R⁴ is an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 C atoms or the benzyl radical and X⁻ egg n Anion of an inorganic or organic acid. 2. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie hergestellt worden sind durch Zusammenmischen von 1 Gew.-Teil von mindestens einem nichtionischen Tensid und 0,4 bis 4 Gew.-Teilen von der Tensidformulierung.2. Surfactant compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.4 to 4 parts by weight of the surfactant formulation. 3. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie hergestellt worden sind durch Zusammenmischen von 1 Gew.-Teil von mindestens einem nichtionischen Tensid und 0,4 bis 2,5 Gew.-Teilen von der Tensidformulierung.3. Surfactant compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that they have been prepared by mixing together 1 part by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant and 0.4 to 2.5 parts by weight of the surfactant formulation. 4. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tensidformulierung aus 20 bis 60 Gew.-% Wasser und 40 bis 80 Gew.-% von mindestens einem Anion-Tensid und mindestens einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,4 bis 2) besteht.4. Surfactant compositions according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant formulation of 20 to 60 wt .-% water and 40 to 80 wt .-% of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1 : (0.4 to 2). 5. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tensidformulierung aus 20 bis 50 Gew.-% Wasser und 50 bis 80 Gew.-% von mindestens einem Anion-Tensid und mindestens einem Kation-Tensid im Molverhältnis von 1 : (0,4 bis 2) besteht.5. Surfactant compositions according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant formulation of 20 to 50 wt .-% water and 50 to 80 wt .-% of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant in a molar ratio of 1 : (0.4 to 2). 6. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anion-Tensid ein C₆ bis C₂₂-Alkansulfonat, C₆ bis C₂₂-α-Olefinsulfonat, (C₆ bis C₂₂-Alkyl)benzolsulfonat, N-C₆ bis C₂₂-Acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethan-2-sulfonat, Sulfobernsteinsäuremono- oder Sulfobernsteinsäuredi-C₆ bis C₂₂-alkylester, C₆ bis C₂₂-Fettalkoholsulfat oder ein ethoxyliertes C₆ bis C₂₂-Fettalkoholsulfat mit 1 bis 20 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten ist, und das Kation Tensid ein solches der Formel 1 ist, wobei R¹ und R² einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen oder einen Oxalkylenrest mit 1 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid- Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid-Einheiten und Propylenoxid-Einheiten bedeuten, R³ ein Alkylrest mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen ist, R⁴ eine der Bedeutungen von R³ hat oder der Benzylrest ist und X⁻ ein Anion einer anorganischen oder organischen Säure ist.6. Surfactant compositions according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the anionic surfactant is a C₆ to C₂₂ alkane sulfonate, C₆ to C₂₂-α-olefin sulfonate, (C₆ to C₂₂ alkyl) benzenesulfonate, N-C₆ to C₂₂ -Acyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethane-2-sulfonate, sulfosuccinic acid mono- or sulfosuccinic acid di-C₆ to C₂₂-alkyl esters, C₆ to C₂₂-fatty alcohol sulfate or an ethoxylated C₆ to C₂₂-fatty alcohol sulfate with 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units, and that Cation surfactant is one of formula 1, wherein R¹ and R² are an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a Oxalkylene radical with 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide units and propylene oxide units mean, R³ is an alkyl radical having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, R⁴ has one of the meanings of R³ or the benzyl radical and X⁻ is an anion an inorganic or organic acid. 7. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das nichtionische Tensid ein solches aus der Gruppe der Polyglykolether ist.7. Surfactant compositions according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is one from the group of polyglycol ethers. 8. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das nichtionische Tensid ein Oxalkylat von C₈ bis C₁₈-Alkoholen, (C₄ bis C₁₂-Alkyl)-phenolen, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäuren, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettaminen, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäureamiden oder von (C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäure)-ethanolamiden ist, mit 2 bis 30 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, Propylenoxid-Einheiten oder Ethylenoxid- und Propylenoxid-Einheiten, oder ein Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockpolymeres ist, das aus einem Propylenoxid-Innenblock mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 000 bis 3 000 und 5 bis 50 Gew-% Ethylenoxid besteht, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf das Blockpolymere.8. Surfactant compositions according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is an oxalkylate of C₈ to C₁₈ alcohols, (C₄ to C₁₂ alkyl) phenols, C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acids, C₈ to C₁₈ fatty amines , C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acid amides or of (C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acid) ethanolamides, with 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units or ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units, or an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymer which is composed of a Inner propylene oxide block with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,000 and 5 to 50% by weight of ethylene oxide, weight percentages based on the block polymer. 9. Tensidzusammensetzungen nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das nichtionische Tensid ein Oxethylat von C₈ bis C₁₈-Alkoholen, (C₄ bis C₁₂-Alkyl)-phenolen, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäuren, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettaminen, C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäureamiden oder von (C₈ bis C₁₈-Fettsäure)-ethanolamiden ist, mit 2 bis 30 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten, oder ein Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockpolymeres ist, das aus einem Propylenoxid-Innenblock mit einem Molekulargewicht von 1 500 bis 2 500 und 10 bis 30 Gew-% Ethylenoxid besteht, Gewichtsprozente bezogen auf das Blockpolymere.9. Surfactant compositions according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is an oxyethylate of C₈ to C₁₈ alcohols, (C₄ to C₁₂ alkyl) phenols, C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acids, C₈ to C₁₈ fatty amines , C₈ to Is C₁₈ fatty acid amides or of (C₈ to C₁₈ fatty acid) ethanolamides, with 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, or is an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymer consisting of a propylene oxide inner block with a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,500 and 10 up to 30% by weight of ethylene oxide, percentages by weight based on the block polymer. 10. Verwendung der Tensidzusammensetzungen der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 zur Bereitung von schaumarmen und kältestabilen Tensidkonzentraten.10. Use of the surfactant compositions of claims 1 to 9 for the preparation of low-foam and low-temperature surfactant concentrates.
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US5298193A (en) 1994-03-29
EP0391392B1 (en) 1995-07-26
ATE125564T1 (en) 1995-08-15
DE59009425D1 (en) 1995-08-31
CA2013920A1 (en) 1990-10-06
BR9001527A (en) 1991-04-23
EP0391392A3 (en) 1991-01-16
ES2076984T3 (en) 1995-11-16
JPH02284639A (en) 1990-11-22
DE3911098A1 (en) 1990-10-11

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