EP0352620A2 - Process and apparatus for regulating the firing power of combustion plants - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for regulating the firing power of combustion plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352620A2
EP0352620A2 EP89113259A EP89113259A EP0352620A2 EP 0352620 A2 EP0352620 A2 EP 0352620A2 EP 89113259 A EP89113259 A EP 89113259A EP 89113259 A EP89113259 A EP 89113259A EP 0352620 A2 EP0352620 A2 EP 0352620A2
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Prior art keywords
combustion
zones
grate
individual
zone
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EP89113259A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0352620A3 (en
EP0352620B1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Josef Edmund Martin
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/20Camera viewing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00Controlling
    • F23N2237/02Controlling two or more burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the fire performance of combustion systems with a combustion grate, in which the primary air supply is regulated differently zone by zone over the grate length.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the combustion process on a combustion grate is different over the length of the grate.
  • the fuel is dried and ignited near the task.
  • the fuel burns intensively, the intensity of which decreases towards the end of the grate, until shortly before the end of the grate only burned-out and cooled slag remains, which falls into a correspondingly designed discharge.
  • it is necessary to regulate the primary air supply differently. So far, this has been done by dividing it in the longitudinal direction below the grate Underwind zones are provided, to which different amounts of air are supplied in order to take into account the different combustion phases.
  • the regulation of the primary air supply to the individual underwind zones is carried out according to pre-calculated distribution curves and can also be adjusted to the prevailing conditions by observing the fire bed. It is also known to regulate the fire output control as a function of the O 2 moisture content measured in the combustion gases and / or the combustion chamber temperature and / or the steam mass flow. Here, too, you have to rely on a mathematically and empirically obtained distribution of the primary air volume in relation to the individual underwind zones.
  • a disadvantage of this type of fire performance control is the fact that the setting and distribution of the primary air based on the grate width was based on an average value of the fuel quality and that no consideration was given to different fuel qualities and fuel quantities based on the width. The consequence of this are locally different combustion behavior and changing excess air figures, which conflict with the attempt to achieve a uniform temperature profile in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant. This can have an adverse effect not only on the thermal behavior (efficiency) but also on the emission of harmful gases.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the fire performance control so that over the entire combustion grate surface regardless of the particular burning material quality and quantity of fuel, optimal combustion behavior and thus lower emission values, ie a lower environmental impact and the highest possible constant thermal efficiency, ie even steam production, is achieved.
  • the individual combustion zones can be monitored by measuring the temperature at a corresponding number of points above the combustion zones in the combustion chamber.
  • the monitoring of the individual combustion zones by means of a video or thermography camera respectively.
  • the device for carrying out the method with a combustion grate in which the primary air is supplied via underwind zones divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate, is characterized in that the underwind zones are also divided in the transverse direction of the combustion grate and that a monitoring device for detecting the combustion behavior of the fuel is via the individual combustion zones assigned to the respective underwind zones is provided.
  • the monitoring device can comprise thermocouples assigned to the individual combustion zones, which makes it possible to record a temperature profile in the combustion chamber and to influence the primary air supply in the individual combustion zones accordingly. It is advantageous if the thermocouples are arranged between 5 and 15 m above the combustion zones.
  • the monitoring device preferably comprises a thermography or video camera, a monitor and a freely programmable computer which resolves the received image into individual image lines and pixels and the digital values thus obtained, which are a measure of the combustion bed temperature, the flame radiation or display the brightness on the respective combustion zone, compare it with specified guide values and trigger a corresponding control process in the event of a deviation.
  • This kind of surveillance is particularly advantageous because the monitoring can be directed to every single point on the combustion grate, which enables extremely sensitive control.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion grate, which is denoted overall by 1.
  • a feed chute 2 is provided above a feed table 3, on which charging pistons 4 are provided for conveying the fuel onto the combustion grate.
  • the fuel is ignited on this, burned in the further course and finally on Rusting the slag discharged by means of a slag chute 5, which opens into a discharge device, not shown.
  • the combustion chamber above the combustion grate 1 is designated 6.
  • the combustion air is supplied as primary air by means of a blower 7 via a channel designated 8 to an underwind distributor generally designated 9.
  • individual air supply pipes denoted overall by 10
  • individual underwind zones 11 to 15 which are not only divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate according to FIG. 1, but also, as can be seen from FIG. 2, in the transverse direction of the combustion grate into individual underwind zones and are designated with the letters a and b.
  • the duct system 10 has a correspondingly large number of air supply pipes 16, in which the air throughput can be regulated by means of regulating devices, which are shown schematically and provided with the reference number 17.
  • This measure divides the combustion grate into individual combustion zones that correspond to the underwind zones. This makes it possible to regulate each individual combustion zone in accordance with the amount of fuel present there and the fuel quality currently to be found and the combustion behavior of the fuel.
  • a monitoring device monitoring the combustion behavior on the combustion grate is required.
  • 3 and 4 and 5 show two different possibilities.
  • Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of a video or thermography camera 18, which is provided in the ceiling 19 of the accelerator cable 20.
  • the video camera or thermography camera 18 is oriented so that it can observe the combustion grate 1 from above through the combustion chamber 6.
  • This video camera is connected to a monitor 21 and to a freely programmable computer 22, which accordingly resolves the received image and compares the digital values thus obtained, which represent a measure of the brightness in the respective combustion zone, with predetermined guide values and, if there is a deviation, a corresponding control process triggers via a controller 23, which adjusts the control devices, which are designed as flaps or slides 17, in the air distribution pipes 16.
  • thermocouples 24 which output the measured values to a freely programmable computer 22, which uses a controller 23, as explained in connection with FIG. 3, to set the respective values Control devices 17 in the air supply lines 16 causes.
  • Fig. 5 gives an overview of the distribution of the individual thermocouples 24. From this it can be seen that the thermocouples are evenly distributed over the circumference of the throttle cable in order to be able to monitor as many combustion zones as possible. Both the thermocouples 24 and the video camera 18 are arranged at heights between 5 and 15 m.

Abstract

Zur Regelung der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen mit einem Verbrennungsrost (1) wird die Primärluftzufuhr sowohl über die Rostlänge als auch in Querrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes zonenweise unterschiedlich geregelt. Hierzu dient eine Überwachungseinrichtung in Form einer Videokamera (17), die das unterschiedliche Abbrandverhalten in den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen überwacht. Dabei wird das aufgenommene und auf einem Monitor (21) aufgezeigte Bild mittels eines frei programmierbaren Rechners (22) in einzelne Bildzeilen und Bildpunkte aufgelöst und die so erhaltenen Digitalwerte, die ein Maß für die Brenntemperatur, die Flammenstrahlung oder die Helligkeit auf der jeweiligen Verbrennungszone darstellen, mit vorgegebenen Richtwerten verglichen. Bei Abweichung wird über einen Regler (23) eine entsprechende Regelung durchgeführt, wobei zu diesem Zwecke Regelklappen (17) in Luftzuführungsrohren (16) verstellt werden, welche die Verbrennungsluft zu den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen leiten.To regulate the fire output of combustion systems with a combustion grate (1), the primary air supply is regulated differently zone by zone, both over the grate length and in the transverse direction of the combustion grate. A monitoring device in the form of a video camera (17) is used for this purpose, which monitors the different combustion behavior in the individual combustion zones. The image recorded and displayed on a monitor (21) is broken down into individual image lines and pixels by means of a freely programmable computer (22) and the digital values obtained in this way, which represent a measure of the burning temperature, the flame radiation or the brightness in the respective combustion zone , compared with specified guide values. In the event of a deviation, a corresponding control is carried out by means of a controller (23), for which purpose control flaps (17) are adjusted in air supply pipes (16) which guide the combustion air to the individual combustion zones.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen mit einem Verbrennungsrost, bei welchem die Primärluft­zuführung über die Rostlänge zonenweise unterschied­lich geregelt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for controlling the fire performance of combustion systems with a combustion grate, in which the primary air supply is regulated differently zone by zone over the grate length. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Der Verbrennungsablauf auf einem Verbrennungsrost ist über die Länge des Rostes gesehen unterschiedlich. In der Nähe der Aufgabe wird der Brennstoff getrocknet und gezündet. In einem daran sich anschließenden Bereich befindet sich der Brennstoff im intensiven Abbrand, dessen Intensität gegen das Rostende hin abnimmt, bis kurz vor dem Rostende nur noch ausgebrannte und abgekühlte Schlacke übrig bleibt, die in einen entsprechend ausgebildeten Austrag fällt. Aufgrund dieser unterschiedlichen Phasen, die der Brennstoff auf dem Wege entlang des Rostes durchläuft, ist es erforderlich, die Primärluftzuführung unterschiedlich zu regeln. Dies erfolgt bisher dadurch, daß unterhalb des Rostes in Längsrichtung desselben unterteilte Unterwindzonen vorgesehen sind, denen unterschied­liche Luftmengen zugeführt werden, um den verschiedenen Abbrandphasen Rechnung zu tragen. Die Regelung der Primärluftzuführung zu den einzelnen Unterwindzonen wird dabei nach vorausberechneten Verteilungskurven vorgenommen und kann zusätzlich durch Beobachtung des Feuerbettes den jeweils herrschenden Verhältnissen angepaßt werden. Es ist auch bekannt, die Feuerleistungs­regelung in Abhängigkeit von dem in den Verbrennungsgasen gemessenen O2-feucht-Gehalt und/oder der Feuerraumtempe­ratur und/oder dem Dampfmassenstrom zu regeln. Auch hier ist man auf eine rechnerisch und empirisch gewonnene Verteilung der Primärluftmenge, bezogen auf die einzelnen Unterwindzonen, angewiesen.The combustion process on a combustion grate is different over the length of the grate. The fuel is dried and ignited near the task. In an adjoining area, the fuel burns intensively, the intensity of which decreases towards the end of the grate, until shortly before the end of the grate only burned-out and cooled slag remains, which falls into a correspondingly designed discharge. Because of these different phases that the fuel passes along the grate, it is necessary to regulate the primary air supply differently. So far, this has been done by dividing it in the longitudinal direction below the grate Underwind zones are provided, to which different amounts of air are supplied in order to take into account the different combustion phases. The regulation of the primary air supply to the individual underwind zones is carried out according to pre-calculated distribution curves and can also be adjusted to the prevailing conditions by observing the fire bed. It is also known to regulate the fire output control as a function of the O 2 moisture content measured in the combustion gases and / or the combustion chamber temperature and / or the steam mass flow. Here, too, you have to rely on a mathematically and empirically obtained distribution of the primary air volume in relation to the individual underwind zones.

Nachteilig bei dieser Art der Feuerleistungsregelung ist die Tatsache, daß die Einstellung und Verteilung der Primärluft bezogen auf die Rostbreite nach einem Mittelwert der Brennstoffqualität erfolgte und daß breitenbezogen keine Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Brennstoffqualitäten und Brennstoffmengen vorgenommen wurde. Die Folge hiervon sind örtlich unterschied­liches Abbrandverhalten und wechselnde Luftüberschuß­zahlen, die dem Bestreben entgegenstehen, ein gleich­mäßiges Temperaturprofil im Feuerraum der Verbrennungs­anlage zu erreichen. Dies kann sich nicht nur auf das thermische Verhalten (Wirkungsgrad) sondern auch auf den Ausstoß von Schadgasen nachteilig auswirken.A disadvantage of this type of fire performance control is the fact that the setting and distribution of the primary air based on the grate width was based on an average value of the fuel quality and that no consideration was given to different fuel qualities and fuel quantities based on the width. The consequence of this are locally different combustion behavior and changing excess air figures, which conflict with the attempt to achieve a uniform temperature profile in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant. This can have an adverse effect not only on the thermal behavior (efficiency) but also on the emission of harmful gases.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Feuerleistungsregelung so zu verbessern, daß über die gesamte Verbrennungsrost­fläche unabhängig von der jeweils vorliegenden Brenn­ stoffqualität und Brennstoffmenge ein optimales Abbrand­verhalten und damit geringere Emissionswerte, d. h. eine geringere Umweltbelastung und ein möglichst hoher gleichbleibender thermischer Wirkungsgrad, d. h. eine gleichmäßige Dampfproduktion, erzielt wird.The object of the invention is to improve the fire performance control so that over the entire combustion grate surface regardless of the particular burning material quality and quantity of fuel, optimal combustion behavior and thus lower emission values, ie a lower environmental impact and the highest possible constant thermal efficiency, ie even steam production, is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird, ausgehend von einem Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art, erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Primärluftzufüh­rung auch zonenweise in Querrichtung des Verbrennungs­rostes unterschiedlich geregelt wird und daß die einzelnen Verbrennungszonen überwacht und die Primärluft­mengen den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen entsprechend dem in den jeweiligen Verbrennungszonen herrschenden Abbrandverhalten des Brennstoffes zugeführt werden.This object is achieved, starting from a method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, according to the invention in that the primary air supply is also regulated differently zone by zone in the transverse direction of the combustion grate and in that the individual combustion zones are monitored and the primary air quantities in accordance with that in the respective combustion zones Combustion zones prevailing combustion behavior of the fuel are supplied.

Durch dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren können unter­schiedliche Brennstoffqualitäten und unterschiedliche Brennstoffverteilungen so berücksichtigt werden, daß an allen Stellen des Verbrennungsrostes ein optimaler Verbrennungszustand herrscht. Die Folge hiervon sind geringere Emissionswerte und ein hoher thermischer Wirkungsgrad der Anlage.By means of this method according to the invention, different fuel qualities and different fuel distributions can be taken into account in such a way that an optimal combustion state prevails at all points of the combustion grate. The consequence of this is lower emission values and a high thermal efficiency of the plant.

Die Überwachung der einzelnen Verbrennungszonen kann durch Temperaturmessung an entsprechend vielen Stellen oberhalb der Verbrennungszonen im Feuerraum erfolgen.The individual combustion zones can be monitored by measuring the temperature at a corresponding number of points above the combustion zones in the combustion chamber.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungs­gemäßen Verfahrens kann die Überwachung der einzelnen Verbrennungszonen mittels Video- oder Thermographiekamera erfolgen.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the monitoring of the individual combustion zones by means of a video or thermography camera respectively.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem Verbrennungsrost, bei dem die Primärluftzuführung über in Längsrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes unterteilte Unterwindzonen erfolgt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterwindzonen auch in Querrichtung des Verbren­nungsrostes unterteilt sind und daß eine Überwachungs­einrichtung für die Erfassung des Abbrandverhaltens des Brennstoffes über den einzelnen, den jeweiligen Unterwindzonen zugeordneten Verbrennungszonen vorge­sehen ist.The device for carrying out the method with a combustion grate, in which the primary air is supplied via underwind zones divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate, is characterized in that the underwind zones are also divided in the transverse direction of the combustion grate and that a monitoring device for detecting the combustion behavior of the fuel is via the individual combustion zones assigned to the respective underwind zones is provided.

Die Überwachungseinrichtung kann den einzelnen Verbren­nungszonen zugeordnete Thermoelemente umfassen, wodurch es möglich ist, ein Temperaturprofil im Feuerraum aufzunehmen und die Primärluftzufuhr in den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen entsprechend zu beeinflussen. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Thermoelemente zwischen 5 und 15 m oberhalb der Verbrennungszonen angeordnet sind.The monitoring device can comprise thermocouples assigned to the individual combustion zones, which makes it possible to record a temperature profile in the combustion chamber and to influence the primary air supply in the individual combustion zones accordingly. It is advantageous if the thermocouples are arranged between 5 and 15 m above the combustion zones.

Vorzugsweise umfaßt in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Überwachungseinrichtung eine Thermographie- oder Videokamera, einen Monitor und einen freiprogram­mierbaren Rechner, der das empfangene Bild in einzelne Bildzeilen und Bildpunkte auflöst und die so erhaltenen Digitalwerte, die ein Maß für die Brennbett-Temperatur, die Flammenstrahlung oder die Helligkeit auf der jeweiligen Verbrennungszone darstellen, mit vorgegebenen Richtwerten vergleicht und bei Abweichung einen entspre­chenden Regelvorgang auslöst. Diese Art der Überwachung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil die Überwachung auf jeden einzelnen Punkt des Verbrennungsrostes gerichtet werden kann, wodurch eine äußerst feinfühlige Regelung möglich ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the monitoring device preferably comprises a thermography or video camera, a monitor and a freely programmable computer which resolves the received image into individual image lines and pixels and the digital values thus obtained, which are a measure of the combustion bed temperature, the flame radiation or display the brightness on the respective combustion zone, compare it with specified guide values and trigger a corresponding control process in the event of a deviation. This kind of surveillance is particularly advantageous because the monitoring can be directed to every single point on the combustion grate, which enables extremely sensitive control.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele von Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments of devices for carrying out the method according to the invention shown in the drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verbrennungsrost mit einzelnen Unterwindzonen;
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf den Verbrennungsrost nach Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 einen teilweisen Längsschnitt durch eine Verbrennungsanlage mit Anordnung einer Video- bzw. Thermographiekamera;
  • Fig. 4 einen teilweisen Längsschnitt durch eine Verbrennungsanlage mit Anordnung von Thermo­elementen; und
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach der Linie V - V in Fig. 4 in vergrößertem Maßstab.
The drawing shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion grate with individual underwind zones.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the combustion grate according to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial longitudinal section through an incinerator with a video or thermographic camera arrangement.
  • 4 shows a partial longitudinal section through an incinerator with an arrangement of thermocouples; and
  • Fig. 5 shows a section along the line V - V in Fig. 4 on an enlarged scale.

Die schematische Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verbrennungsrost, der insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnet ist. Zur Aufgabe des Brennstoffes ist eine Aufgabeschurre 2 über einem Aufgabetisch 3 vorgesehen, auf dem Beschickkolben 4 zur Förderung des Brennstoffes auf den Verbrennungsrost vorgesehen sind. Auf diesem wird der Brennstoff gezündet, im weiteren Verlauf verbrannt und schließlich wird am Rostende die Schlacke mittels eines Schlackenfall­schachtes 5 ausgetragen, der in eine nicht dargestellte Austragvorrichtung mündet. Der Feuerraum über dem Verbrennungsrost 1 ist mit 6 bezeichnet.1 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion grate, which is denoted overall by 1. To feed the fuel, a feed chute 2 is provided above a feed table 3, on which charging pistons 4 are provided for conveying the fuel onto the combustion grate. The fuel is ignited on this, burned in the further course and finally on Rusting the slag discharged by means of a slag chute 5, which opens into a discharge device, not shown. The combustion chamber above the combustion grate 1 is designated 6.

Die Zuführung der Verbrennungsluft als Primärluft erfolgt mittels eines Gebläses 7 über einen mit 8 bezeichneten Kanal zu einem insgesamt mit 9 bezeichneten Unterwindverteiler. Von hier führen einzelne, insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnete Luft-Zuführungsrohre in einzelne Unterwindzonen 11 bis 15, die nicht nur in Längsrich­tung des Verbrennungsrostes gemäß Fig. 1 aufgeteilt sind, sondern auch wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, in Querrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes in einzelne Unter­windzonen unterteit und mit den Buchstaben a und b bezeichnet sind. Entsprechend der Anzahl der Unterwind­zonen 11a bis 15b weist das Kanalsystem 10 entsprechend viele Luftzuführungsrohre 16 auf, in denen der Luft­durchsatz mittels Regeleinrichtungen, die schematisch dargestellt und mit dem Bezugszeichen 17 versehen sind, geregelt werden kann. Durch diese Maßnahme ist der Verbrennungsrost in einzelne Verbrennungs­zonen, die mit den Unterwindzonen übereinstimmen, unterteilt. Hierdurch ist eine Regelung jeder einzelnen Verbrennungszone entsprechend der dort vorhandenen Brennstoffmenge und der gerade anzutreffenden Brennstoff­qualität und des Abbrandverhaltens des Brennstoffs möglich.The combustion air is supplied as primary air by means of a blower 7 via a channel designated 8 to an underwind distributor generally designated 9. From here, individual air supply pipes, denoted overall by 10, lead into individual underwind zones 11 to 15, which are not only divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate according to FIG. 1, but also, as can be seen from FIG. 2, in the transverse direction of the combustion grate into individual underwind zones and are designated with the letters a and b. Corresponding to the number of underwind zones 11a to 15b, the duct system 10 has a correspondingly large number of air supply pipes 16, in which the air throughput can be regulated by means of regulating devices, which are shown schematically and provided with the reference number 17. This measure divides the combustion grate into individual combustion zones that correspond to the underwind zones. This makes it possible to regulate each individual combustion zone in accordance with the amount of fuel present there and the fuel quality currently to be found and the combustion behavior of the fuel.

Um eine solche Regelung durchführen zu können, bedarf es einer das Abbrandverhalten auf dem Verbrennungsrost überwachenden Überwachungseinrichtung. Hierzu sind in den Fig. 3 bzw. 4 und 5 zwei verschiedene Möglichkei­ten aufgezeigt.In order to be able to carry out such a regulation, a monitoring device monitoring the combustion behavior on the combustion grate is required. For this are 3 and 4 and 5 show two different possibilities.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Anordnung einer Video- bzw. Thermo­graphiekamera 18, die in der Decke 19 des Gaszuges 20 vorgesehen ist. Die Videokamera oder Thermographie­kamera 18 ist so ausgerichtet, daß sie durch den Feuerraum 6 hindurch den Verbrennungsrost 1 von oben beobachten kann. Diese Videokamera ist mit einem Monitor 21 und mit einem frei programmierbaren Rechner 22 verbunden, der das empfangene Bild entsprechend auflöst und die so erhaltenen Digitalwerte, die ein Maß für die Helligkeit auf der jeweiligen Verbrennungs­zone darstellen, mit vorgegebenen Richtwerten vergleicht und bei Abweichung einen entsprechenden Regelvorgang über einen Regler 23 auslöst, der die Regeleinrichtungen, die als Klappen oder Schieber 17 ausgebildet sind, in den Luftverteilungsrohren 16 verstellt.Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of a video or thermography camera 18, which is provided in the ceiling 19 of the accelerator cable 20. The video camera or thermography camera 18 is oriented so that it can observe the combustion grate 1 from above through the combustion chamber 6. This video camera is connected to a monitor 21 and to a freely programmable computer 22, which accordingly resolves the received image and compares the digital values thus obtained, which represent a measure of the brightness in the respective combustion zone, with predetermined guide values and, if there is a deviation, a corresponding control process triggers via a controller 23, which adjusts the control devices, which are designed as flaps or slides 17, in the air distribution pipes 16.

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen eine andere Überwachungseinrich­tung, die von einzelnen Thermoelementen 24 gebildet ist, welche die gemessenen Werte an einen frei program­mierbaren Rechner 22 abgeben, der über einen Regler 23, wie in Verbindung mit Fig. 3 erläutert, eine Einstellung der jeweiligen Regel einrichtungen 17 in den Luftzuführungsleitungen 16 bewirkt. Fig. 5 gibt einen Überblick über die Verteilung der einzelnen Thermoelemente 24. Hieraus sieht man, daß die Thermo­elemente gleichmäßig auf den Umfang des Gaszuges verteilt sind, um möglichst viele Verbrennungszonen überwachen zu können. Sowohl die Thermoelemente 24 als auch die Videokamera 18 sind in Höhen zwischen 5 und 15 m angeordnet.4 and 5 show another monitoring device, which is formed by individual thermocouples 24, which output the measured values to a freely programmable computer 22, which uses a controller 23, as explained in connection with FIG. 3, to set the respective values Control devices 17 in the air supply lines 16 causes. Fig. 5 gives an overview of the distribution of the individual thermocouples 24. From this it can be seen that the thermocouples are evenly distributed over the circumference of the throttle cable in order to be able to monitor as many combustion zones as possible. Both the thermocouples 24 and the video camera 18 are arranged at heights between 5 and 15 m.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Regelung der Feuerleistung von Verbren­nungsanlagen mit einem Verbrennungsrost, bei welchem die Primärluftzuführung über die Rostlänge zonenweise unterschiedlich geregelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Primärluftzuführung auch in Querrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes zonenweise unterschiedlich geregelt wird und daß die einzelnen Verbrennungszonen überwacht und die Primärluftmengen den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen entsprechend dem in den jeweiligen Zonen herrschenden Abbrandverhalten des Brennstoffes zugeführt wird.1. A method for controlling the fire performance of incineration plants with a combustion grate, in which the primary air supply is regulated differently zone by zone over the grate length, characterized in that the primary air supply is also controlled zone by zone differently in the transverse direction of the combustion grate and that the individual combustion zones are monitored and the primary air quantities is supplied to individual combustion zones in accordance with the combustion behavior of the fuel in the respective zones. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überwachung der einzelnen Verbrennungszonen durch Temperaturmessung oberhalb dieser Verbrennungs­zonen erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring of the individual combustion zones is carried out by measuring the temperature above these combustion zones. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überwachung der einzelnen Verbrennungszonen mittels Video- oder Thermographiekamera erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring of the individual combustion zones is carried out by means of a video or thermography camera. 4. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Verbrennungsrost, bei dem die Primärluftzuführung über in Längsrichtung des Verbrennungsrostes unterteilte Unterwindzonen erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterwind­zonen (11 bis 15) auch in Querrichtung des Verbren­nungsrostes (1) unterteilt (11 - 11b; 12 - 12b; 13 - 13b; 14 - 14b; 15 - 15b) sind und daß eine Überwachungseinrichtung (18; 24) für die Erfassung des Abbrandverhaltens des Brennstoffes auf den einzelnen den jeweiligen Unterwindzonen zugeordneten Verbrennungszonen vorgesehen ist.4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a combustion grate in which the primary air is supplied via sub-wind zones divided in the longitudinal direction of the combustion grate, characterized in that the under-wind zones (11 to 15) are also divided in the transverse direction of the combustion grate (1) (11 - 11b; 12 - 12b; 13 - 13b; 14 - 14b; 15 - 15b) and that one Monitoring device (18; 24) is provided for detecting the combustion behavior of the fuel in the individual combustion zones assigned to the respective underwind zones. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Überwachungseinrichtung den einzelnen Verbrennungszonen (11 bis 15b) zugeordnete Thermo­elemente (24) umfaßt.5. Apparatus according to claim 4 for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the monitoring device comprises the individual combustion zones (11 to 15b) associated thermocouples (24). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Thermoelemente (24) zwischen 5 und 15 m oberhalb der Verbrennungszonen (11 - 15b) angeordnet sind.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermocouples (24) between 5 and 15 m above the combustion zones (11 - 15b) are arranged. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überwachungseinrichtung eine Thermographie- oder Videokamera (18), einen Monitor (21) und einen freiprogrammierbaren Rechner (22) umfaßt, der das empfangene Bild in einzelne Bildzeilen und Bildpunkte auflöst und die so erhalte­nen Digitalwerte, die ein Maß für die Brennbett-Tempe­ratur, die Flammenstrahlung oder die Helligkeit auf der jeweiligen Verbrennungszone darstellen, mit vorgegebenen Richtwerten vergleicht und bei Abweichung einen entsprechenden Regelvorgang auslöst.7. The device according to claim 4 for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the monitoring device comprises a thermography or video camera (18), a monitor (21) and a freely programmable computer (22) which receives the received Dissolves the image into individual image lines and pixels and compares the digital values thus obtained, which represent a measure of the combustion bed temperature, the flame radiation or the brightness in the respective combustion zone, with predetermined guide values and triggers a corresponding control process in the event of a deviation.
EP89113259A 1988-07-29 1989-07-19 Process and apparatus for regulating the firing power of combustion plants Expired - Lifetime EP0352620B1 (en)

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DE3825931A DE3825931A1 (en) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRING POWER OF COMBUSTION PLANTS
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FR2661733A1 (en) * 1990-05-04 1991-11-08 Perin Freres Ets Method and device for monitoring and controlling the combustion of a solid fuel which moves as a layer in a combustion chamber
NL9301826A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Burnham Europa Bv Burner device with regulation of the air/fuel ratio, and method for regulating the air/fuel ratio
DE4428159A1 (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-15 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling the combustion in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants
EP0718553A1 (en) 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Method of combustion of wastes
DE4191444C2 (en) * 1990-05-08 1997-03-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and device for determining the profile of the bed of a furnace
EP0766080A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-02 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO System and method for monitoring combustion and pollutants by means of laser diodes
AT402555B (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-06-25 August Dr Raggam Combustion apparatus
EP0802372A1 (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-22 BFI Automation Dipl.-Ing. Kurt-Henry Mindermann GmbH Method and device for controlling the combustion process of a boiler
EP1046861A1 (en) 1999-04-19 2000-10-25 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Process to regulate automatically the combustion of a waste incinerator
EP1048900A1 (en) 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Method and device for controlling the combustion of fuel with a variable calorific value
FR3048278A1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2017-09-01 La Bonne Chauffe DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY CONTROLLING THE POWER OF A HEATING SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
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WO1991003686A1 (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Technologie Transfer Establishment Method of studying pressure combustion processes of stoichiometrically burning hydrogen/oxygen under high pressures
FR2661733A1 (en) * 1990-05-04 1991-11-08 Perin Freres Ets Method and device for monitoring and controlling the combustion of a solid fuel which moves as a layer in a combustion chamber
DE4191444C2 (en) * 1990-05-08 1997-03-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method and device for determining the profile of the bed of a furnace
AT402555B (en) * 1992-09-04 1997-06-25 August Dr Raggam Combustion apparatus
NL9301826A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Burnham Europa Bv Burner device with regulation of the air/fuel ratio, and method for regulating the air/fuel ratio
DE4428159A1 (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-15 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling the combustion in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants
DE4428159C2 (en) * 1994-08-09 1998-04-09 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Process for controlling the combustion in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants
EP0718553A1 (en) 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 ABB Management AG Method of combustion of wastes
US5813767A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-09-29 Finmeccanica S.P.A. Azienda Ansaldo System and a method for monitoring combustion and pollutants in a thermal plant by means of laser diodes
EP0766080A1 (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-02 FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO System and method for monitoring combustion and pollutants by means of laser diodes
EP0802372A1 (en) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-22 BFI Automation Dipl.-Ing. Kurt-Henry Mindermann GmbH Method and device for controlling the combustion process of a boiler
EP1046861A1 (en) 1999-04-19 2000-10-25 ABB Alstom Power (Schweiz) AG Process to regulate automatically the combustion of a waste incinerator
EP1048900A1 (en) 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Method and device for controlling the combustion of fuel with a variable calorific value
DE19919222C1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2001-01-11 Orfeus Comb Engineering Gmbh Method for controlling the combustion of fuel with a variable calorific value
FR3048278A1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2017-09-01 La Bonne Chauffe DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY CONTROLLING THE POWER OF A HEATING SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
EP3865771A3 (en) * 2020-02-14 2021-09-15 Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Method for operating a combustion plant

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DE3825931A1 (en) 1990-02-01
EP0352620A3 (en) 1990-11-22
DK374489D0 (en) 1989-07-28
JPH0278819A (en) 1990-03-19
CA1323801C (en) 1993-11-02
JP2703808B2 (en) 1998-01-26
US4953477A (en) 1990-09-04
SG47789A1 (en) 1998-04-17
DK374489A (en) 1990-01-30
BR8903837A (en) 1990-03-20
DE3825931C2 (en) 1991-02-21
DK172041B1 (en) 1997-09-22
ES2012438A4 (en) 1990-04-01
EP0352620B1 (en) 1996-11-06
ES2012438T3 (en) 1996-12-16

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