EP0318260A2 - Monitoring means - Google Patents
Monitoring means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0318260A2 EP0318260A2 EP88311069A EP88311069A EP0318260A2 EP 0318260 A2 EP0318260 A2 EP 0318260A2 EP 88311069 A EP88311069 A EP 88311069A EP 88311069 A EP88311069 A EP 88311069A EP 0318260 A2 EP0318260 A2 EP 0318260A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detectors
- traffic
- detector
- length
- monitoring system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/015—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for distinguishing between two or more types of vehicles, e.g. between motor-cars and cycles
Definitions
- This invention relates to monitoring means and is particularly, but not necessarily exclusively, concerned with the monitoring of road traffic.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an effective means of monitoring, e.g. traffic, that avoids the disadvantages mentioned above
- a monitoring system comprises at least two radiation detection means set in longitudinal spaced relationship in alignment with an intended direction of movement of objects passing below the radiation detection means, each detector being adapted to produce a signal pulse that is a function of the length and speed of an object passing below the detectors, and the at least two detectors being connected to processor means adapted to store and compare the signal pulses generated by each detector.
- the monitoring system of the invention can be passive in the sense of providing two detectors to receive incoming infrared radiation that occurs naturally. In the absence of any objects passing below the detectors, the detectors receive incoming radiation at a constant rate and as an object or a succession of objects passes below the detectors, incoming radiation to the detectors is disturbed, such as by the heat generated by the object or by light reflected from the object. As a result, the detectors generate the signal pulses that are effected to the processor means. It would be equally possible that the monitoring system is active and where an emitter for infrared radiation is provided with the detector receiving infrared radiation reflected back from the object. In the latter instance it would be desirable to use a single emitter/detector.
- two detectors can be set above a road or above a carriageway of a motorway for example by securing the detectors on the underside of a bridge or other structure spanning a road or carriageway and contained in weatherproof housings.
- the detectors may be connected to a suitable microprocessor means also in a weatherproof housing and located in close proximity to the detectors and which may be of the type that have a removable memory, or can be connected to processor means at a remote location.
- a pulse is generated of a shape and length that is a function of the length and speed of the vehicle, and that pulse is passed to the processor means, and as that first vehicle passes below the second detector a sufficiently similar pulse is created and also fed to the processor means.
- the processor means able to recognise the pulse shape the time delay between the first and second pulses reaching the processor serves to provide a record of the speed of the vehicle, thereby providing a first ability to record not only the volume of traffic passing along that road or carriageway but also its speed.
- the pulse from each detector is passed to the processor, and which can sense the time delay between the pulses of the first and second vehicles, and, in conjunction with the speed of two successive vehicles, generate information regarding the spacing of successive vehicles.
- the processor means can be preprogrammed to distinguish between different lengths of pulse and hence different lengths of vehicle.
- two length parameters can be provided to record the number of vehicles of a length smaller than the first parameter, of a length between the two parameters and of a length greater than the larger parameter, and from which can be derived a reasonable presumption that the majority of the vehicles in the group of smallest length will be cars, the majority in the group of intermediate length will be vans, and the majority in the group of largest length will be lorries.
- the invention admits that this will not be totally accurate in the sense that some cars are of greater length than some vans and some vans are of greater length than some lorries, however the invention still provides for the first time a reasonably accurate assessment of the nature of traffic using a particular road or motorway.
- the monitoring means of the invention can be connected into the signal systems on, e.g. motorways.
- suitable warning signals can be activated alongside the road or motorway.
- the monitoring means could equally be connected into traffic light control along a roadway or at an access to a motorway to prevent movement of additional traffic along that roadway or access to that part of a motorway when the monitoring means of the invention senses a heavy congestion of traffic.
- a still further possibility is the recognition of a progressive slowing down of vehicles using a particular stretch of road or motorway, and in the absence of a known condition such as roadworks the monitoring device again used to activate warning signals to indicate an unexpected problem ahead, such as, perhaps, an accident.
- two radiation detectors 1, 2 are provided, each connected via a two-channel ADC 3 to a respective ring memory 4, 5, the memory paths of which are of sufficient length to ensure that the signals from the two detectors relating to the same vehicle can be fed to a displacement correlator 6, before information concerning second or subsequent vehicles erases from the ring memories the information concerning the first vehicle.
- Information from the displacement correlator is fed to a data processor 7 programmed in connection with one or several output functions required of the monitor, and which can be passed to a bidirectional communications link 8 for transmission to an analytical or control central computer.
- each will generate a pulse of a shape and length that is a function of the speed and length of the vehicle, and which can be recognised by the displacement correlator 6 and the data processor as relating to the same vehicle.
- a first important function is an output from the data processor characterising the vehicles as belonging to one of three length groups, those smaller a first set length and which can be assumed to be cars, those between the two set lengths and which can be assumed to be vans, and those larger than the second set length and which can be assumed to be lorries.
- Information concerning the nature or make-up of traffic using a particular road or motorway can thereby be readily available to an analytical computer associated with the bidirectional communications link 8.
- the speed of successive vehicles and the distance between successive vehicles can be monitored, and in any circumstance where the speed and distance signify that excessive speeds are involved or the distance between successive vehicles too short for said speeds and known prevailing conditions, a control computer associated with the bidirectional communications link can activate suitable warning signals located along the road or motorway beyond the position of the detectors.
- the data processor can recognise a progressive slowing down of vehicles passing the detectors or that vehicles have come to a standstill, and on any stretch of road or motorway where a known disturbance to traffic flow does not exist, e.g. roadworks, an alarm situation can be signalled to a control computer via the bidirectional communications link to activate warning signals located along the road or motorway in advance of the detectors to advise road users of an unexpected hazard ahead.
- the nature of the data processor may be such that it can perform all of its intended functions simultaneously or selectively.
- the data processor can be reset and signalled as required for it to perform any one of or any combination of the functions it is able to perform.
Abstract
The invention relates to monitoring means particularly for traffic using a road or motorway, the object being to provide information relating to traffic make-up, densities, speeds and the recognition of alarm situations. This objective is met by monitoring means characterised by at least two radiation detection means (1, 2) set in longitudinal spaced relationship in alignment with an intended direction of movement of objects passing below the radiation detection means, each detector being adapted to produce a signal pulse that is a function of the length and speed of an object passing below the detectors, and the at least two detectors being connected to processor means (7) adapted to store and compare the signal pulses generated by each detector. By providing two detectors the pulse outputs from which can be recognised as being from the same vehicle, and are a function of the length and speed of a vehicle, all manner of information can be provided by the data processor such as the categorising of vehicles by length, the volume of traffic per unit time, the speed and spacing of successive vehicles and the progressive slowing down of traffic on a particular stretch of road or motorway, to provide reliable information for analytical purposes and to activate appropriate warning signals positioned alongside in advance of and beyond the position of the detectors, as may be appropriate.
Description
- This invention relates to monitoring means and is particularly, but not necessarily exclusively, concerned with the monitoring of road traffic.
- Increasing traffic densities and increasing complexities of motorways and their control systems has generated the need for the provision of reliable information on traffic movement and on the basis of which there can be implemented a control logic for the control systems better able to maintain the free flow of traffic, and also on the basis of which there can be a prediction of likely future repair requirements on any particular section of road being monitored.
- Traditional methods of monitoring traffic flow have involved the use of such devices as inductive loops set into the road surface or contact strips laid across the surface with the disadvantages that such systems frequently require a road or carriageway closure to install and service such sensors, and the sensors have a short working life.
- The object of the present invention is to provide an effective means of monitoring, e.g. traffic, that avoids the disadvantages mentioned above
- According to the present invention, a monitoring system comprises at least two radiation detection means set in longitudinal spaced relationship in alignment with an intended direction of movement of objects passing below the radiation detection means, each detector being adapted to produce a signal pulse that is a function of the length and speed of an object passing below the detectors, and the at least two detectors being connected to processor means adapted to store and compare the signal pulses generated by each detector.
- The monitoring system of the invention can be passive in the sense of providing two detectors to receive incoming infrared radiation that occurs naturally. In the absence of any objects passing below the detectors, the detectors receive incoming radiation at a constant rate and as an object or a succession of objects passes below the detectors, incoming radiation to the detectors is disturbed, such as by the heat generated by the object or by light reflected from the object. As a result, the detectors generate the signal pulses that are effected to the processor means. It would be equally possible that the monitoring system is active and where an emitter for infrared radiation is provided with the detector receiving infrared radiation reflected back from the object. In the latter instance it would be desirable to use a single emitter/detector.
- Thus, in its application to traffic monitoring, two detectors can be set above a road or above a carriageway of a motorway for example by securing the detectors on the underside of a bridge or other structure spanning a road or carriageway and contained in weatherproof housings. The detectors may be connected to a suitable microprocessor means also in a weatherproof housing and located in close proximity to the detectors and which may be of the type that have a removable memory, or can be connected to processor means at a remote location. Thus, as a first vehicle passes below the first detector a pulse is generated of a shape and length that is a function of the length and speed of the vehicle, and that pulse is passed to the processor means, and as that first vehicle passes below the second detector a sufficiently similar pulse is created and also fed to the processor means. Thus with the processor means able to recognise the pulse shape the time delay between the first and second pulses reaching the processor serves to provide a record of the speed of the vehicle, thereby providing a first ability to record not only the volume of traffic passing along that road or carriageway but also its speed. In addition, as a second vehicle passes below the detectors, the pulse from each detector is passed to the processor, and which can sense the time delay between the pulses of the first and second vehicles, and, in conjunction with the speed of two successive vehicles, generate information regarding the spacing of successive vehicles.
- Because the length of a pulse generated by the detectors is a function of the length of a vehicle passing below them, it is not only possible to provide information as to volume and speed but also possible to provide information as to the general nature of traffic using a particular road or motorway. Thus the processor means can be preprogrammed to distinguish between different lengths of pulse and hence different lengths of vehicle. For example, two length parameters can be provided to record the number of vehicles of a length smaller than the first parameter, of a length between the two parameters and of a length greater than the larger parameter, and from which can be derived a reasonable presumption that the majority of the vehicles in the group of smallest length will be cars, the majority in the group of intermediate length will be vans, and the majority in the group of largest length will be lorries. The invention admits that this will not be totally accurate in the sense that some cars are of greater length than some vans and some vans are of greater length than some lorries, however the invention still provides for the first time a reasonably accurate assessment of the nature of traffic using a particular road or motorway.
- In addition to providing information, the monitoring means of the invention can be connected into the signal systems on, e.g. motorways. Thus if the monitoring means senses traffic proceeding along a road or motorway at excessive speeds, or that the spacing between successive vehicles is too close for the speed involved, and for the prevailing conditions, suitable warning signals can be activated alongside the road or motorway. The monitoring means could equally be connected into traffic light control along a roadway or at an access to a motorway to prevent movement of additional traffic along that roadway or access to that part of a motorway when the monitoring means of the invention senses a heavy congestion of traffic. A still further possibility is the recognition of a progressive slowing down of vehicles using a particular stretch of road or motorway, and in the absence of a known condition such as roadworks the monitoring device again used to activate warning signals to indicate an unexpected problem ahead, such as, perhaps, an accident.
- One embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing, and which is a block circuit diagram representing said one embodiment.
- In the drawing, two
radiation detectors 1, 2, are provided, each connected via a two-channel ADC 3 to a respective ring memory 4, 5, the memory paths of which are of sufficient length to ensure that the signals from the two detectors relating to the same vehicle can be fed to a displacement correlator 6, before information concerning second or subsequent vehicles erases from the ring memories the information concerning the first vehicle. - Information from the displacement correlator is fed to a data processor 7 programmed in connection with one or several output functions required of the monitor, and which can be passed to a
bidirectional communications link 8 for transmission to an analytical or control central computer. - Thus, as a vehicle passes across the sight paths of the detectors, 1 and 2, each will generate a pulse of a shape and length that is a function of the speed and length of the vehicle, and which can be recognised by the displacement correlator 6 and the data processor as relating to the same vehicle. By programming the data processor 7 with two length parameters, a first important function is an output from the data processor characterising the vehicles as belonging to one of three length groups, those smaller a first set length and which can be assumed to be cars, those between the two set lengths and which can be assumed to be vans, and those larger than the second set length and which can be assumed to be lorries. Information concerning the nature or make-up of traffic using a particular road or motorway can thereby be readily available to an analytical computer associated with the
bidirectional communications link 8. - In addition to providing information relating the nature of the traffic, and volume of traffic, a simple summation of the numbers of each group of vehicles passing the
detectors 1 and 2 in unit time, the provision of two detectors and the output pulses from the detectors being a function of vehicle speed as well as vehicle length, several additional and equally important items of information can be derived by the data processor and fed to the bidirectional communications link. Thus, the speed of successive vehicles and the distance between successive vehicles can be monitored, and in any circumstance where the speed and distance signify that excessive speeds are involved or the distance between successive vehicles too short for said speeds and known prevailing conditions, a control computer associated with the bidirectional communications link can activate suitable warning signals located along the road or motorway beyond the position of the detectors. Equally, and again as the output from the detectors is a function of both vehicle speed and length, the data processor can recognise a progressive slowing down of vehicles passing the detectors or that vehicles have come to a standstill, and on any stretch of road or motorway where a known disturbance to traffic flow does not exist, e.g. roadworks, an alarm situation can be signalled to a control computer via the bidirectional communications link to activate warning signals located along the road or motorway in advance of the detectors to advise road users of an unexpected hazard ahead. - The nature of the data processor may be such that it can perform all of its intended functions simultaneously or selectively. By employing a bidirectional communications link to an analytical or control computer, the data processor can be reset and signalled as required for it to perform any one of or any combination of the functions it is able to perform.
Claims (7)
1. A monitoring system characterised by at least two radiation detection means (1, 2) set in longitudinal spaced relationship in alignment with an intended direction of movement of objects passing below the radiation detection means, each detector being adapted to produce a signal pulse that is a function of the length and speed of an object passing below the detectors, and the at least two detectors being connected to processor means (7) adapted to store and compare the signal pulses generated by each detector.
2. A monitoring system as in Claim 1, characterised in that two passive radiation detectors (1, 2) are employed.
3. A monitoring system as in Claim 1, characterised in that two active radiation detectors (1, 2) with associated radiation emitters are provided.
4. A monitoring system as in Claim 3, wherein each detector (1, 2) is a combined emitter/detector.
5. A monitoring system as in any of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the outputs from the detectors (1, 2) are fed via a two-channel ADC (3) to respective ring memories (4 and 5), and to the data processor (7) via a displacement correlator (6).
6. A monitoring system as in any of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the or each output from the data processor (7) is fed to a bidirectional communications link 8, for the transmission of information to an analytical or control computer.
7. A monitoring system as in Claim 6, charcterised in that the bidirectional communications link (8) additionally serves to provide instruction from the analytical or control computer to the data processor (7) to perform one of or several of its available functions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878727824A GB8727824D0 (en) | 1987-11-27 | 1987-11-27 | Monitoring means |
| GB8727824 | 1987-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0318260A2 true EP0318260A2 (en) | 1989-05-31 |
| EP0318260A3 EP0318260A3 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
Family
ID=10627640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88311069A Withdrawn EP0318260A3 (en) | 1987-11-27 | 1988-11-23 | Monitoring means |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0318260A3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8727824D0 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4135874C1 (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1992-09-17 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 7150 Backnang, De | Traffic volume detection circuit - incorporates directional antenna with band-pass filter, frequency-voltage converter and pulse shaper |
| US5317311A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1994-05-31 | Martell David K | Traffic congestion monitoring system |
| EP0612049A1 (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-08-24 | STN ATLAS Elektronik GmbH | Method for classifying vehicles passing a predetermined point on the road |
| FR2714755A1 (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-07-07 | Le Parquier Guy | Nonintrusive traffic control system e.g. for motorway, urban roads etc. |
| EP0896313A1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-02-10 | Graziano Gaggioli | Equipment for signalling the vehicular traffic in motorways, freeways, one-way street and the like |
| EP1296302A1 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-26 | Alma Mater Studiorum -Universita' di Bologna | Vehicle traffic monitoring system, central control unit, and method |
| CN104504911A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽宝龙环保科技有限公司 | Motor vehicle speed measuring device and speed measuring method |
| USRE47134E1 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-11-20 | Leddartech Inc. | Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light |
| US10488492B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2019-11-26 | Leddarttech Inc. | Discretization of detection zone |
| USRE48914E1 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2022-02-01 | Leddartech Inc. | System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization |
| USRE49342E1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2022-12-20 | Leddartech Inc. | Distance detection method and system |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6560461B1 (en) | 1997-08-04 | 2003-05-06 | Mundi Fomukong | Authorized location reporting paging system |
| WO2008154736A1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-24 | Leddartech Inc. | Lighting system with driver assistance capabilities |
| US8242476B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2012-08-14 | Leddartech Inc. | LED object detection system and method combining complete reflection traces from individual narrow field-of-view channels |
| US8436748B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2013-05-07 | Leddartech Inc. | Lighting system with traffic management capabilities |
| EP2232462B1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2015-12-16 | Leddartech Inc. | Parking management system and method using lighting system |
| EP2517189B1 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-03-19 | Leddartech Inc. | Active 3d monitoring system for traffic detection |
| US9378640B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2016-06-28 | Leddartech Inc. | System and method for traffic side detection and characterization |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2557185A1 (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-07-08 | Matra Engins | Traffic control monitoring unit - photocells generate pulse rates for determination of speed, number and length of vehicles |
| FR2523341A1 (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1983-09-16 | Techno 2000 | Road traffic analysis using dual modulated light beams - uses rotating disc to split light beam into two beams which are directed onto photodetectors in road surface |
| GB2154388A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1985-09-04 | Secr Defence | Image processing system |
| EP0171098A1 (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-02-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of controlling a traffic control system and a traffic control system for use of the method |
-
1987
- 1987-11-27 GB GB878727824A patent/GB8727824D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-11-23 EP EP88311069A patent/EP0318260A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2557185A1 (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-07-08 | Matra Engins | Traffic control monitoring unit - photocells generate pulse rates for determination of speed, number and length of vehicles |
| FR2523341A1 (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1983-09-16 | Techno 2000 | Road traffic analysis using dual modulated light beams - uses rotating disc to split light beam into two beams which are directed onto photodetectors in road surface |
| GB2154388A (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1985-09-04 | Secr Defence | Image processing system |
| EP0171098A1 (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-02-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of controlling a traffic control system and a traffic control system for use of the method |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5317311A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1994-05-31 | Martell David K | Traffic congestion monitoring system |
| DE4135874C1 (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1992-09-17 | Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh, 7150 Backnang, De | Traffic volume detection circuit - incorporates directional antenna with band-pass filter, frequency-voltage converter and pulse shaper |
| EP0612049A1 (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-08-24 | STN ATLAS Elektronik GmbH | Method for classifying vehicles passing a predetermined point on the road |
| TR28042A (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1995-12-11 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | A method for classifying vehicles passing through a pre-determined waypoint. |
| FR2714755A1 (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-07-07 | Le Parquier Guy | Nonintrusive traffic control system e.g. for motorway, urban roads etc. |
| EP0896313A1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-02-10 | Graziano Gaggioli | Equipment for signalling the vehicular traffic in motorways, freeways, one-way street and the like |
| EP1296302A1 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-26 | Alma Mater Studiorum -Universita' di Bologna | Vehicle traffic monitoring system, central control unit, and method |
| USRE49342E1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2022-12-20 | Leddartech Inc. | Distance detection method and system |
| USRE47134E1 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-11-20 | Leddartech Inc. | Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light |
| USRE48763E1 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2021-10-05 | Leddartech Inc. | Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light |
| USRE48914E1 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2022-02-01 | Leddartech Inc. | System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization |
| CN104504911A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽宝龙环保科技有限公司 | Motor vehicle speed measuring device and speed measuring method |
| US10488492B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2019-11-26 | Leddarttech Inc. | Discretization of detection zone |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0318260A3 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| GB8727824D0 (en) | 1987-12-31 |
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