EP0198819A1 - Apparatus for authenticating bank notes. - Google Patents
Apparatus for authenticating bank notes.Info
- Publication number
- EP0198819A1 EP0198819A1 EP84900408A EP84900408A EP0198819A1 EP 0198819 A1 EP0198819 A1 EP 0198819A1 EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 84900408 A EP84900408 A EP 84900408A EP 0198819 A1 EP0198819 A1 EP 0198819A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bank note
- analyser
- radiation
- operable
- note
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1-(2-sulfanylethyl)imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N(CCS)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 KKEBXNMGHUCPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
- G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
- G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
- G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
- G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for verification of the authenticity of bank notes. 5.
- the main known authentication methods canbe grouped in three classes: thickness measuring, pattern recognising and colour sensing methods.
- sensors are employed to measure the thickness distribution at specified portions of the bank note, correspondingtovarious 5. details on the bank note where characteristic variations in thickness are produced by the printing process, watermarks or the like. The authenticity criteria are then based on comparisons with specified standard values. The thickness is measured by mechanical or optical sensors. Mechanical
- sensors for thickness measurements are known from e.g. BritishPatent Specifications 960,391, 963,586, GermanPatent Specifications 1,474,903, 2,423,094, Austrian Patent Speci ⁇ fication 329,903, Swedish Patent Specifications 337,952, 357,636, 349,679 and 7607927-6.
- the second class of authentication methods is exempli-
- the bank note is illuminated, and the reflection and/or trans ⁇ mission properties of selected portions of the bank note are examined using corresponding sets of detectors, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral
- response characteristics e.g. U.S. Patent Specification 3,491,243.
- selected portions of the bank note are illuminated by a plurality of light sources, one for each portion, respectively with different spectral distributions, and the transmission and/or reflection
- the thickness criterion has the advantage that it can be no more difficult to circumvent by fraudulent means than the criteria based on patterns or colours.
- folds or other imperfections naturally introduced by the normal use of bank notes tend to give high rejection rates for genuine, but used, bank notes - particularly if optical measurements of thickness are relied upon.
- the known mechanical sensors tend to be rather expensive and 15. to require considerable maintenance to ensure correct functioning.
- An object of the present invention is to provide apparatus with which bank notes can be authenticated easily
- apparatus for authenticating a bank note comprising an analyser operable to examine said note and to produce an
- 25. is operable to produce the same or substantially the same said output for different orientations and positioning of the same said bank note.
- the said analyser is operable to examine
- the examined properties are preferably integrated over the entire surface area of 5.
- the bank note subjected to examination Any loss of infor ⁇ mation due to said integration is an asset rather than a disadvantage in that it can eliminate the effect of the usual extremely detail-rich spatial structure which is difficult to process adequately.
- the analyser 10. output can have a more easily processible information content.
- the bank note need not be positioned in the apparatus in an exactly predetermined manner: it may even be possible to insert the note upside down or in any orientation without impeding the accuracy 15. of the authenticity test. Moreover, it may also be possible to test different types of bank notes (different denomin ⁇ ations, currencies) with the same optimal accuracy.
- the analyser is a spectral analyser operable to analyse the spectral distribution of radiation 20. reflected by or transmitted through the bank note from a multi-wavelength radiation source.
- the analyser may utilise a sensing arrangement responsive to selected wavelengths either in the form of a continuous interference filter or a set of discrete monochromatic 25. filters in conjunction with a sensor or sensors operable to produce electrical signals at such wavelengths.
- the apparatus is for use in the authentication of a conventional bank note printed with a detailed colour pattern 35. usually in one or more colours and/or shades.
- the apparatus can be incorporated in an automatic merchandise vending machine or used in any suitable context as appropriate.
- the apparatus comprises a chamber 10 to which a bank note 1 to be authenticated is fed using
- the bank note 1 is introduced into an evaluation area 2 of the chamber 10, where it is placed against a black background 3, and illuminated by light sources 4 (such as filament lamps) with even spectral
- the light reflected from the entire upper surface of the bank note is received by an optical sensor 5.
- the optical sensor 5 has a sufficiently wide optical lobe and is placed at a sufficient distance from the bank note 1 to integrate the contributions from the entire
- the optical sensor 5 converts the received light into spectral information of high resolution, and this information is fed in the form of electrical signals to a microprocessor-
- optical sensor 5 Several alternative embodiments of the optical sensor 5 are conceivable.
- a prism or diffraction grating can be used.
- interference filters are more advantageous, either in the
- 25* form of a continuous interference filter in which the band pass wavelength varies along the filter, or in the form of a set of discrete monochromatic filters.
- the electrical signals representative of spectral information are obtained either by moving the filter/set of filters in front of a
- the detectors can be silicon, germanium or lead sulphide detectors.
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- LEDs detect radiation in the same manner as ordinary photodiodes, but within only a narrow spectral range, approximately the same as that within which they emit light. 5.
- a light source with even spectral distri ⁇ bution and monochromatic detectors as described above, it is possible to employ a converse arrangement of monochromatic light sources and a detector or detectors with even spectral sensitivity.
- the light sources may be activated alternately 10. one after the other in rapid succession.
- the bank note is preferably illuminated by a set of LEDs in such a way that only LEDs of one spectral type are lit up at a time.
- the authentication apparatus can be made to work selectively in either of two modes: programming mode and evaluation mode.
- programming 20. mode the microprocessor regards any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus as a reference, and stores the corresponding spectral information in memory. In this way a set of reference spectra for different bank notes can be derived and permanently stored.
- 25. locked switch is set to the evaluation mode, the spectrum of any new bank note inserted into the evaluation area of the apparatus is compared against the set of reference spectra in the memory. This comparison is made by a comparison algorithm, in which spectral values for the 30. test note at different wavelengths is compared to corres ⁇ ponding values for each of the reference spectra.
- the algorithm may contain a free normalization parameter. Since soiling and other deficiencies arising during use of bank notes, normally 35. introduce only a change in the overall reflectivity etc., the mean deviation obtained for genuine notes in this way is generally low, and this authentication technique provides sharp discrimination between genuine and false bank notes.
- Appropriate feed devices may be provided for trans- 5- ferring an authenticated bank note from the chamber 10 to a storage location whilst at the same time actuating a vending machine merchandise delivery mechanism, and for transferring a non-authenticated note to a return outlet or the like.
- 25- apparatus described above can provide for this to be taken into account.
- infra-red 190 to about 3000nm
- the light guides also provide a simple way to obtain more information from the bank note in the form of certain additional integrals over the entire bank note such as lO.fourier transforms or moments, preferably in conjunction with the spectral information described above.
Abstract
Il est possible de contrôler l'authenticité de billets de banque en utilisant un appareil examinant les propriétés du billet qui sont semblables dans différentes orientations spatiales. En particulier, toute la zone superficielle d'au moins un côté d'un billet de banque (1) peut être soumise à une analyse spectrale, utilisant une irradiation lumineuse réfléchie par le billet ou transmise à travers celui-ci. L'irradiation reçue peut être intégrée sur toute la zone superficielle avant d'être comparée, au moyen d'un système à base de microprocesseurs (6), aux modèles spectraux stockés correspondant aux différents types de billets de banque. On peut utiliser un algorithme capable d'admettre des déviations dues par exemple à une détérioration du billet de banque.The authenticity of banknotes can be checked using a device that examines the properties of the banknote, which are similar in different spatial orientations. In particular, the entire surface area of at least one side of a banknote (1) can be subjected to a spectral analysis, using light irradiation reflected by the note or transmitted through it. The irradiation received can be integrated over the entire surface area before being compared, by means of a microprocessor-based system (6), to the stored spectral models corresponding to the different types of banknotes. One can use an algorithm capable of admitting deviations due for example to a deterioration of the bank note.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84900408T ATE36766T1 (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1983-12-27 | DEVICE FOR CHECKING THE AUTHENTICITY OF BANKNOTES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1983/000477 WO1985002928A1 (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1983-12-27 | Apparatus for authenticating bank notes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0198819A1 true EP0198819A1 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
EP0198819B1 EP0198819B1 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
Family
ID=20349818
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84900408A Expired EP0198819B1 (en) | 1983-12-27 | 1983-12-27 | Apparatus for authenticating bank notes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0198819B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE36766T1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI85312C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1985002928A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5034616A (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1991-07-23 | Landis & Gyr Betriebs Ag | Device for optically scanning sheet-like documents |
US6172745B1 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 2001-01-09 | Mars Incorporated | Sensing device |
US6473165B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2002-10-29 | Flex Products, Inc. | Automated verification systems and methods for use with optical interference devices |
US6970236B1 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2005-11-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Methods and systems for verification of interference devices |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1250847B (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-04-21 | Urmet Spa | BANKNOTE VALIDATION APPARATUS |
ES2106672B1 (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1998-06-01 | Azkoyen Ind Sa | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION AND DISCRIMINATION OF TICKETS AND LEGAL COURSE DOCUMENTS. |
GB9510678D0 (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1995-07-19 | At & T Global Inf Solution | Method and apparatus for authenticating documents |
FR2770011B1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2004-10-01 | Azzedine Bahou | COIN DETECTION WITH CENTRAL UNIT FOR SPECTOMETRIC ANALYSIS |
DE19808652A1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1999-09-16 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verification system for a valuable and security product |
GB0001561D0 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2000-03-15 | Rue De Int Ltd | Document momitoring system and method |
GB0003720D0 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2000-04-05 | Rue De Int Ltd | Document counter |
KR101297702B1 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2013-08-22 | 카운슬 오브 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 | Improved fake currency detector using integrated transmission and reflective spectral response |
WO2005086100A1 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-15 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Improved fake currency detector using visual and reflective spectral response |
DE102009058804A1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, 81677 | Sensor for checking value documents |
CN103021069B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 深圳市兆图电子有限公司 | High-speed note image acquisition processing system and acquisition processing method thereof |
CN109727362B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 恒银金融科技股份有限公司 | Banknote magnetic signal identification method based on discrete Fourier transform |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3410384A (en) * | 1965-08-03 | 1968-11-12 | Jerry E. Travioli | Paper currency acceptor |
US3491243A (en) * | 1966-08-26 | 1970-01-20 | Taisuke Tsugami | Authentication apparatus to measure color characteristics of paper documents |
BE795553A (en) * | 1972-02-17 | 1973-06-18 | Landis & Gyr Ag | APPARATUS ALLOWING TO COMPARE RESPECTIVE SPECTRAL RE-EMISSIONS FROM COLORED SURFACES |
SE413208B (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1980-04-28 | Asea Ab | MET AND / OR CONTROL DEVICE FOR DOCUMENTS |
US4204765A (en) * | 1977-12-07 | 1980-05-27 | Ardac, Inc. | Apparatus for testing colored securities |
US4319137A (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1982-03-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for identifying sheet-like printed matters |
DE2935668A1 (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1980-05-22 | Perkin Elmer Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IDENTIFYING THE VALUE OF A BANKNOTE |
CH626460A5 (en) * | 1978-12-01 | 1981-11-13 | Radioelectrique Comp Ind | |
JPS5829085A (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-02-21 | 富士通株式会社 | Coin identification system |
EP0072237B1 (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1987-04-29 | De La Rue Systems Limited | Apparatus for scanning a sheet |
GB2122743B (en) * | 1982-06-29 | 1986-01-08 | Bergstroem Arne | Apparatus for authenticating bank notes |
-
1983
- 1983-12-27 WO PCT/SE1983/000477 patent/WO1985002928A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-12-27 AT AT84900408T patent/ATE36766T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-27 EP EP84900408A patent/EP0198819B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-06-25 FI FI862714A patent/FI85312C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8502928A1 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5034616A (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1991-07-23 | Landis & Gyr Betriebs Ag | Device for optically scanning sheet-like documents |
US6172745B1 (en) | 1996-01-16 | 2001-01-09 | Mars Incorporated | Sensing device |
US6473165B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2002-10-29 | Flex Products, Inc. | Automated verification systems and methods for use with optical interference devices |
US7006204B2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2006-02-28 | Flex Products, Inc. | Automated verification systems and methods for use with optical interference devices |
US7184133B2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2007-02-27 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Automated verification systems and method for use with optical interference devices |
US6970236B1 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2005-11-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Methods and systems for verification of interference devices |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0198819B1 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
FI862714A0 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
FI85312B (en) | 1991-12-13 |
FI85312C (en) | 1992-03-25 |
ATE36766T1 (en) | 1988-09-15 |
WO1985002928A1 (en) | 1985-07-04 |
FI862714A (en) | 1986-06-25 |
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