EP0152341B1 - Method for remote control of electrical equipment and corresponding receiver - Google Patents

Method for remote control of electrical equipment and corresponding receiver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0152341B1
EP0152341B1 EP85400180A EP85400180A EP0152341B1 EP 0152341 B1 EP0152341 B1 EP 0152341B1 EP 85400180 A EP85400180 A EP 85400180A EP 85400180 A EP85400180 A EP 85400180A EP 0152341 B1 EP0152341 B1 EP 0152341B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
word
signal
function
address
receiver
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EP85400180A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0152341A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Rigal
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Priority to AT85400180T priority Critical patent/ATE34475T1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/28Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/28Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method for remote control of electrical equipment and a receiver implementing this method.
  • the present invention relates to a process which falls within this very general framework, but which relates to a particular combination of means, chosen so as to best solve the problems which arise due to the very particular operating conditions of the process.
  • the invention indeed aims to control, from a central station, electrical equipment located in private homes or in various premises. This command can take various aspects: changing the pricing in electric meters, ordering the start-up of electrical components, causing load shedding of the power network, downloading information, etc.
  • the various remote control orders that it is desired to process in the invention can be periodic (daily, weekly, monthly) or intervene at any time of the day on the orders of the operating services of the energy distribution. electric. These orders can affect a family of devices or only some of them, or even just one of them.
  • the remote control receiver must be compact and of low weight.
  • the operating conditions of the remote control signal will be bad and that the signal to be processed in the receivers will be of very low amplitude.
  • the risk of errors will a priori be high.
  • it is excluded to admit such a risk by the very fact of the envisaged application. Indeed, when it comes to modulating pricing or stopping devices, any error would be particularly badly appreciated by users. Unwanted rate changes, for example, would cause innumerable conflicts between subscribers and the operating department. The reliability of such a system must therefore be almost perfect.
  • This general process can take various particular embodiments. It is preferable for example to use a phase shift modulation which is in two states (MDP2) with coherent demodulation.
  • MDP2 phase shift modulation which is in two states
  • the synchronization word recognition procedure is accompanied by a recognition of the complementary word, for this reason that the coherent demodulation introduces an ambiguity of ⁇ on the phase of the recovered carrier.
  • a binary pseudo-random signal is combined with the binary signal containing the information by a modulo (2) (OR-exclusive) addition operation.
  • This processing allows a better distribution of the spectral power of the digital signal conveying the information.
  • the original frame is restored by combining the received signal with a pseudorandom signal identical to that which was used on transmission, by a modulo 2 addition.
  • Such a technique makes it possible to avoid related incidents the possible appearance of a long series of bits equal to 0 (or 1).
  • scrambling and descrambling operations require, on transmission as on reception, the use of two identical pseudo-random sequence generators, delivering words of length greater than the length of the frame and returned to an initial state at each start of frame.
  • each receiver must have an address which is specific to it and which makes it possible to identify it, it must have a second one, which it will have in common with all the other receivers, this second address allowing send general information simultaneously to all of these receivers (for example, setting the time to an internal clock).
  • a word having a significant autocorrelation peak is advantageously used.
  • the Hamming distance between the received word and the expected word varies abruptly when the expected word is received.
  • the Hamming distance between the word received and the word expected is zero. However, it can be tolerated that this distance is equal to 1, provided that this distance is confirmed over several successive frames. It is a question of finding a fair compromise between the need not to make an error and the risk of never synchronizing the receiver.
  • the REED-MULLER code is less well known.
  • the choice of this second code is due to the fact that, in addition to its great correction capacity, it is very simple to implement during decoding. This property makes it possible to meet the requirement of low cost receivers.
  • this code has a low "yield" (the number of redundancy bits is large compared to the number of information bits), this drawback is minor in the envisaged application since we attach above all to the power of correction and the simplicity of implementation with decoding.
  • this subcarrier P which is modulated by the digital signal to be transmitted, according to a two-phase phase shift modulation (MDP2).
  • MDP2 two-phase phase shift modulation
  • the whole of the composite signal thus obtained (with its subcarrier modulated in MDP2) is applied to transmitters with frequency modulation.
  • the modulation rate of the subcarrier by the digital signal is limited to a few percent (for example 3%) of the composite signal.
  • the digital signal modulating the subcarrier is organized according to a frame the structure of which will now be specified, in the particular non-limiting case where 2048 (2 11 ) subscribers are processed at most, and where functions are remote controlled taken in a group which contains 256 (2 8 ).
  • 11 bits are therefore required to code the addresses of the receivers and 8 to code the functions, ie a total of 19 bits.
  • BCH coding which gives a word of 42 bits (line c).
  • This BCH coding is of type (42, 24) in the sense that it provides 42 bits in total, for 24 bits of information. It can come from a conventional code (63,45) with 63 bits in total including 45 information bits.
  • the 18 control bits thus added will allow either to detect up to 6 isolated errors, or to detect all error packets up to 18 bits in length, the probability of non-detection of error packets whose length is greater than 18 bits being 2-18.
  • the 42 bits obtained after this first coding (24 useful bits, 18 control bits) are then processed, in groups of 6, (line d) by a REED-MULLER code of order 1, of total length 32 (6 bits useful, 26 control bits). Such a code will correct up to 7 isolated errors.
  • the digital message therefore comprises 7 code words of 32 bits each (MC1, MC2 ... MC7). These words are represented on line (e).
  • the digital message is broadcast cyclically for a certain duration, for example for 2 minutes.
  • the length of the frame being 240 bits (16 + (7 x 32)) and the bit rate of 600 bits / s, there are therefore 300 shipments of the message in two minutes.
  • All of these means, constituting the remote control receiver, are associated with electrical equipment 50, which is for example a charging meter.
  • the wave collector 10 is one of the original features of the invention. This arrangement leads to others since, while giving satisfaction with regard to the low cost and the small size, it has the disadvantage of being ineffective. As a result, if the high reliability required is to be obtained, the information must be treated with particular care. Hence the two codings allowing the detection and correction of errors, the cyclic repetition of the frame and the counting in the decoder.
  • the demodulator 26 is also a conventional circuit. It can again be noted that the choice of MDP2 modulation results in great structural simplicity for this circuit, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of the receiver.
  • the role of circuit 26 is to isolate the subcarrier (SP) from the composite signal supplied by circuit 20, to demodulate this subcarrier and to supply the decoder with the digital stream.
  • the demodulator also performs the recovery function of the carrier frequency and the rhythm. On this subject one can consult the French patent FR-A-2 367 387.
  • the description which follows relates above all to the decoder 32 and the associated means.
  • the function of this decoder is to process the digital frame which appears at its input 34, using the clock signal which is present at input 35. On input 34 the frame is in the form illustrated on the line (f) of figure 2.
  • the decoder 32 must above all receive the synchronization word MS and develop a frame synchronization strategy.
  • the decoder is placed in one of the following four states:
  • the decoder is considered to be synchronized and the data is used (as will be seen below).
  • the search for the synchronization word is continued with a period N and the system remains in this state as long as the Hamming distance calculated on the synchronization word remains equal to 0 or 1. If it becomes greater than 1, the system passes in state E 1 '
  • the data continues to be used. If the Hamming distance is 0 or 1, the system returns to E o . Otherwise (if d 1) the system declares itself in a loss of synchronization state, the data is no longer used, the modulo N counter is inhibited and the system goes to E z .
  • the frame alignment is assumed to be effective and the data is used by the decoder. This operation possibly begins with descrambling, then with the implementation of the REED-MULLER code for error correction. This code can correct up to 7 errors among the 32 bits making up each of the code words.
  • the 3 bytes carrying the information are stored in memory.
  • the two address bytes (A) are decoded. If the address obtained is that of the receiver, the function byte F is compared with the 6 values contained in the memories 38. These 6 values correspond to the three contacts of the receiver (one value for opening and one for closing). When there is equality between the function F received and one of these 6 values, a counter is incremented by one. There are as many counters as functions memorized, that is 6 in the example taken. When the content of one of these counters reaches a predetermined value, for example 6, an execution order corresponding to the function is generated and the six counters are reset to zero. The order is therefore validated.
  • the order of execution of the command acts on the relays 40 1 , 40 2 , 40 3 , which control the contacts 42 1 , 42 2 , 42 3 . These contacts make it possible to establish or interrupt connections belonging to the equipment to be remote-controlled.
  • the number of relays used in the example illustrated (3) is in no way limiting and that it is possible, in practice, to order any number of them, this number being however less than 2n- 1 , if n is the number of function bits used on transmission (a contact can be open or closed, it in fact corresponds to two functions).
  • the means 38 for memorizing the various functions to be processed by the receiver can be microswitches ("microswitch" in English terminology).
  • the receiver then comprises as many microswitches as there are functions, 6 in the example considered above.
  • the functions being coded on a byte, these microswitches are with 8 bits. Each of these organs makes it possible to recognize one function out of 256.
  • the configuration of the byte stored in each of the microswitches can be modified by downloading. This particular function is controlled by the appearance of the character words (C) mentioned above.
  • decoder which has just been described can be implemented in wired logic (registers, memories, counters, doors, etc.) it may be preferable to use a microprocessor and program memories based on appropriate software.

Abstract

1. Process for the remote control of electrical equipments, wherein : A) in a transmission centre : - there is formed a digital signal corresponding to a function to be remote controlled, this signal is encoded by at least one error detecting and correcting code, the analog signal is modulated by the encoded digital signal and the modulated signal is transmitted to equipments to be remote controlled ; B) in receiving means associated with each of the equipments : - the transmitted signal is received, it is demodulated, the demodulated signal is decoded in order to retrieve the digital signal corresponding to the function to be remote controlled and a command for the execution of this function is generated, this process being characterized in that : A) in the transmission centre : - the digital signal is formed by an address word (A) and a function word (F), - this signal is successively processed by two error detecting and correcting codes, a first BCH code and a second REED-MULLER code, - a synchronization word (MS) is made to precede the doubly encoded signal, the synchronization word - address word - function word together forming a digital frame, - this frame is repeated cyclically, - each digital frame modulates a subcarrier (SP) with a phase shift modulation, - this subcarrier (SP) thus modulated is used in order to modulate the frequency of a carrier which is then radio transmitted by a frequency modulation radio transmitter ; B) in each receiver, - the transmitted signal is picked up by a tuned filter (10) coupled to an electric current distribution system (16) supplying the equipment to be remote controlled (50), - a frequency demodulation is carried out in order to retrieve the modulated subcarrier, - the subcarrier is demodulated by a phase shift demodulation in order to retrieve the digital frame, - the digital frame is processed firstly by recognition of the synchronization word (MS), then by a first REED-MULLER typ decoding, which enables the possible errors to be detected and corrected, and then by a second BCH type decoding, which enables the residual errors to be detected, and the digital signal is thus retrieved with its address word (A) and its function word (F), - the address word (A) is decoded, - the received address is comparied with the receiver's own address, - if the received address and the receiver's address are the same, the received function word (F) is processed by comparing it with a plurality of function words stored in the receiver, - the number of coincidences between the cyclically received function word and one of the stored function words is counted and, when this number reaches a predetermined value, a command for execution is initiated corresponding to this function in the associated equipment.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de télécommande d'équipements électriques et un récepteur mettant en oeuvre ce procédé.The subject of the present invention is a method for remote control of electrical equipment and a receiver implementing this method.

La technique de la télécommande d'appareils, à partir d'un poste central, met en oeuvre, de façon très générale, des opérations qui sont schématiquement les suivantes:

  • A) dans un centre d'émission:
    • - on forme un signal numérique correspondant à une fonction à télécommander, on code ce signal par un ou des code(s) détecteur(s) et correcteur(s) d'erreurs, on module un signal analogique par le signal numérique codé et on émet, à destination de l'appareil à télécommander, le signal ainsi modulé;
  • B) dans un récepteur associé à l'appareil:
    • - on reçoit le signal émis, on le démodule, on décode le signal démodulé en corrigeant les éventuelles erreurs, on restitue le signal numérique correspondant à la fonction à télécommander et on engendre un ordre d'exécution de cette fonction.
The technique of remote control of apparatuses, from a central station, implements, in a very general way, operations which are schematically the following:
  • A) in an emission center:
    • - a digital signal is formed corresponding to a function to be remote-controlled, this signal is coded by one or more error detector code (s) and corrector (s), an analog signal is modulated by the coded digital signal and transmits, to the device to be remote-controlled, the signal thus modulated;
  • B) in a receiver associated with the device:
    • - the transmitted signal is received, it is demodulated, the demodulated signal is decoded by correcting any errors, the digital signal corresponding to the function to be remote-controlled is restored and an order of execution of this function is generated.

A ce sujet on pourra consulter par exemple le GB-A-2061 581.On this subject one can consult for example GB-A-2061 581.

La présente invention concerne un procédé qui entre dans ce cadre très général, mais qui porte sur une combinaison particulière de moyens, choisis de manière à résoudre au mieux les problèmes qui se posent du fait des conditions d'exploitation très particulières du procédé. L'invention vise en effet à commander, à partir d'un poste central, des équipements électriques situés chez des particuliers ou dans des locaux divers. Cette commande peut prendre divers aspects: changer la tarification dans des compteurs électriques, commander la mise en route d'organes électriques, provoquer un délestage du réseau d'alimentation, effectuer un téléchargement d'informations etc....The present invention relates to a process which falls within this very general framework, but which relates to a particular combination of means, chosen so as to best solve the problems which arise due to the very particular operating conditions of the process. The invention indeed aims to control, from a central station, electrical equipment located in private homes or in various premises. This command can take various aspects: changing the pricing in electric meters, ordering the start-up of electrical components, causing load shedding of the power network, downloading information, etc.

Les divers ordres de télécommande que l'on souhaite traiter dans l'invention peuvent être périodiques (périodicité quotidienne, hebdomadaire, mensuelle) ou intervenir à n'importe quel moment de la journée sur ordre des services d'exploitation de la distribution d'énergie électrique. Ces ordres peuvent affecter une famille d'appareils ou seulement certains d'entre eux, ou même un seul d'entre eux.The various remote control orders that it is desired to process in the invention can be periodic (daily, weekly, monthly) or intervene at any time of the day on the orders of the operating services of the energy distribution. electric. These orders can affect a family of devices or only some of them, or even just one of them.

Un tel service pose de nombreux problèmes. En effet, s'agissant d'équiper des appareils destinés au grand public, il est nécessaire que le coût des organes à ajouter aux installations existantes, (pour leur permettre de recevoir et d'exécuter les ordres de télécommande), soit le plus faible possible. Il faut donc éviter les solutions techniques sophistiquées qui conduiraient à un surcoût prohibitif. En outre, et pour des raisons analogues, il faut que le récepteur de télécommande soit d'un encombrement et d'un poids faibles. En particulier, il est exclu de munir un tel récepteur d'une antenne de réception. Cela signifie que les conditions d'exploitation du signal de télécommande seront mauvaises et que le signal à traiter dans les récepteurs sera de très faible amplitude. Il en résulte que le risque d'erreurs sera a priori élevé. Or, il est exclu d'admettre un tel risque, du fait même de l'application envisagée. En effet, s'agissant de moduler une tarification ou d'arrêter des appareils, toute erreur serait particulièrement mal appréciée des usagers. Des modifications de tarif inopportunes, par exemple, seraient à l'origine de conflits innombrables entre les abonnés et le service d'exploitation. La fiabilité d'un tel système doit donc être quasi-parfaite.Such a service poses many problems. Indeed, when it comes to equipping devices intended for the general public, it is necessary that the cost of the organs to be added to the existing installations, (to enable them to receive and execute remote control orders), be the lowest possible. It is therefore necessary to avoid sophisticated technical solutions which would lead to a prohibitive additional cost. In addition, and for similar reasons, the remote control receiver must be compact and of low weight. In particular, it is excluded to provide such a receiver with a reception antenna. This means that the operating conditions of the remote control signal will be bad and that the signal to be processed in the receivers will be of very low amplitude. As a result, the risk of errors will a priori be high. However, it is excluded to admit such a risk, by the very fact of the envisaged application. Indeed, when it comes to modulating pricing or stopping devices, any error would be particularly badly appreciated by users. Unwanted rate changes, for example, would cause innumerable conflicts between subscribers and the operating department. The reliability of such a system must therefore be almost perfect.

Une telle exigence est en contradiction avec les précédentes, puisqu'une réduction de coût et une simplification des structures, ne s'accompagnent que très rarement d'une amélioration de fiabilité.Such a requirement is in contradiction with the previous ones, since a reduction in cost and a simplification of the structures are only very rarely accompanied by an improvement in reliability.

Il faut ajouter enfin, que la nature même de l'application envisagée par l'invention, suppose que l'on puisse atteindre, à partir d'un poste central de télécommande, un grand nombre d'abonnés (quelques milliers ou plus). Il apparait alors un problème d'adressage des informations que l'on ne retrouve pas dans la technique générale de la télécommande, où il s'agit plutôt de commander à distance un appareil bien déterminé.Finally, it should be added that the very nature of the application envisaged by the invention supposes that a large number of subscribers (a few thousand or more) can be reached from a central remote control station. There then appears a problem of addressing information which is not found in the general technique of the remote control, where it is rather a matter of controlling a well-defined device from a distance.

L'invention apporte une solution à tous ces problèmes en proposant une combinaison originale de moyens que l'on peut résumer schématiquement de la manière suivante.

  • A) Dans le centre d'émission, les opérations effectuées sont les suivantes:
    • - le signal numérique est formé d'abord d'un mot d'adresse qui permet de désigner un récepteur parmi plusieurs et d'un mot de fonction qui permet de choisir une fonction parmi plusieurs,
    • - ce signal numérique est traité par deux codes détecteurs et correcteurs d'erreurs, un premier code dit BCH (BOSE-CHAUDHURI-HOCQUENGHEM) puis un second code dit de REED MULLER, (codes dont les propriétés seront décrites plus loin);
    • - on fait précéder le signal doublement codé ainsi obtenu, par un mot de synchronisation, qui va permettre la synchronisation de la trame numérique; l'ensemble mot de synchronisation plus mot d'adresse et mot de fonction codes constituent une trame numérique,
    • - on répète cette trame cycliquement, ce qui va permettre de procéder, à la réception, à un comptage évitant des erreurs,
    • - chaque trame numérique module une sous-porteuse par modulation à déplacement de phase, cette modulation ayant été choisie parmi toutes les modulations possibles (amplitude, phase, fréquence, impulsions, etc...) pour son adaptation aux conditions d'exploitation de l'invention, (bonne résistance vis-à-vis du bruit et des distorsions, rendement spectral élevé et surtout simplicité de structure du démodulateur correspondant) ;
    • - la sous-porteuse ainsi modulée est utilisée pour moduler en fréquence une porteuse qui est ensuite radiodiffusée, ce qui permet d'utiliser les installations de radiodiffusion en modulation de fréquence déjà existantes et réduit considérablement le coût de l'installation,
  • B) dans chaque récepteur, on effectue les opérations suivantes:
    • - on capte le signal radiodiffusé au moyen d'un filtre accordé couplé au réseau de distribution du courant pour éviter d'avoir recours à une antenne,
    • - on effectue une démodulation de fréquence pour restituer la sous-porteuse modulée,
    • - on démodule la sous-porteuse par une démodulation à déplacement de phase pour restituer la trame numérique,
    • - on traite la trame numérique d'abord par une procédure de reconnaissance du mot de synchronisation, puis par un premier décodage de REED-MULLER, ce qui permet de détecter et de corriger les éventuelles erreurs (l'emploi du codage de REED-MULLER étant particulièrement opportun ici du fait de sa puissance de correction et surtout de sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre au décodage), puis par un second décodage utilisant le code BCH, ce qui permet de détecter les erreurs résiduelles, et on restitue ainsi le signal numérique avec son mot d'adresse et son mot de fonction,
    • - on décode le mot d'adresse,
    • - on compare l'adresse reçue avec une adresse qui est propre au récepteur, ce qui permet la sélection d'un récepteur parmi plusieurs,
    • - si l'adresse reçue et l'adresse du récepteur coïncident, on traite le mot de fonction reçu et on le compare avec une pluralité de mots de fonction mis en mémoire dans le récepteur,
    • - on compte le nombre de coïncidences entre le mot de fonction reçu cycliquement et l'un des mots de fonction mis en mémoire et, lorsque ce nombre atteint une valeur prédéterminée, on déclenche un ordre d'exécution de cette fonction dans l'équipement associé, cette technique de coïncidence évitant le déclenchement inopiné d'une commande sur réception d'un seul signal de télécommande, qui pourrait être erroné.
The invention provides a solution to all these problems by proposing an original combination of means which can be summarized schematically in the following manner.
  • A) In the transmission center, the operations carried out are as follows:
    • the digital signal is formed first of all by an address word which makes it possible to designate a receiver from among several and a function word which makes it possible to choose a function from among several,
    • - this digital signal is processed by two detector and error correcting codes, a first code called BCH (BOSE-CHAUDHURI-HOCQUENGHEM) then a second code called REED MULLER, (codes whose properties will be described later);
    • - the doubly coded signal thus obtained is preceded by a synchronization word, which will allow the synchronization of the digital frame; the synchronization word plus address word and code function word constitute a digital frame,
    • - this frame is repeated cyclically, which will make it possible to proceed, upon reception, to a counting avoiding errors,
    • each digital frame modulates a subcarrier by phase displacement modulation, this modulation having been chosen from all the possible modulations (amplitude, phase, frequency, pulses, etc.) for its adaptation to the operating conditions of the invention, (good resistance to noise and distortions, high spectral efficiency and above all simplicity of structure of the corresponding demodulator);
    • - the sub-carrier thus modulated is used to frequency-modulate a carrier which is then broadcast, which makes it possible to use the already existing FM installations and considerably reduces the cost of the installation,
  • B) in each receiver, the following operations are carried out:
    • - the broadcast signal is received by means of a tuned filter coupled to the current distribution network to avoid having to use an antenna,
    • - a frequency demodulation is carried out to restore the modulated subcarrier,
    • - the subcarrier is demodulated by a phase shift demodulation to restore the digital frame,
    • - the digital frame is processed firstly by a procedure for recognizing the synchronization word, then by a first decoding of REED-MULLER, which makes it possible to detect and correct any errors (the use of REED-MULLER coding being particularly appropriate here because of its correction power and above all its simplicity of implementation during decoding), then by a second decoding using the BCH code, which makes it possible to detect residual errors, and the digital signal is thus restored. with his address word and his function word,
    • - the address word is decoded,
    • - the address received is compared with an address which is specific to the receiver, which allows the selection of a receiver from among several,
    • if the address received and the address of the receiver coincide, the received function word is processed and compared with a plurality of function words stored in the receiver,
    • - the number of coincidences between the function word received cyclically and one of the function words stored in the memory is counted and, when this number reaches a predetermined value, an order of execution of this function is triggered in the associated equipment , this coincidence technique avoiding the unexpected triggering of a command on reception of a single remote control signal, which could be erroneous.

Ce procédé général peut prendre divers modes particuliers de réalisation. Il est préférable par exemple d'utiliser une modulation à déplacement de phase qui soit à deux états (MDP2) avec démodulation cohérente. Dans ce cas, la procédure de reconnaissance du mot de synchronisation s'accompagne d'une reconnaissance du mot complémentaire, pour cette raison que la démodulation cohérente introduit une ambiguité de π sur la phase de la porteuse récupérée.This general process can take various particular embodiments. It is preferable for example to use a phase shift modulation which is in two states (MDP2) with coherent demodulation. In this case, the synchronization word recognition procedure is accompanied by a recognition of the complementary word, for this reason that the coherent demodulation introduces an ambiguity of π on the phase of the recovered carrier.

Dans une autre variante, et afin de limiter les problèmes de récupération de porteuse, on combine au signal binaire contenant l'information un signal binaire pseudo-aléatoire par une opération d'addition modulo (2) (OU-exclusif). Ce traitement permet une meilleure répartition de la puissance spectrale du signal numérique véhiculant l'information. A la réception, naturellement, on restitue la trame originale en combinant le signal reçu à un signal pseudo- aléatoire identique à celui qui a été utilisé à l'émission, par une addition modulo 2. Une telle technique permet d'éviter les incidents liés à l'apparition éventuelle d'une longue suite de bits égaux à 0 (ou à 1).In another variant, and in order to limit the problems of carrier recovery, a binary pseudo-random signal is combined with the binary signal containing the information by a modulo (2) (OR-exclusive) addition operation. This processing allows a better distribution of the spectral power of the digital signal conveying the information. On reception, of course, the original frame is restored by combining the received signal with a pseudorandom signal identical to that which was used on transmission, by a modulo 2 addition. Such a technique makes it possible to avoid related incidents the possible appearance of a long series of bits equal to 0 (or 1).

Ces opérations d'embrouillage et de désembrouillage nécessitent, à l'émission comme à la réception, l'utilisation de deux générateurs de suite pseudo-aléatoire identiques, délivrant des mots de longueur supérieure à la longueur de la trame et remis dans un état initial à chaque début de trame.These scrambling and descrambling operations require, on transmission as on reception, the use of two identical pseudo-random sequence generators, delivering words of length greater than the length of the frame and returned to an initial state at each start of frame.

En plus des mots d'adresse et des mots de fonction, des mots particuliers peuvent venir s'inscrire dans les données, le cas échéant. En effet, certains bits peuvent se trouver disponibles comme on le comprendra sur l'exemple suivant. Si l'on souhaite pouvoir disposer d'une capacité d'adressage supérieure à mille, on doit utiliser un mot d'adresse à 10 ou 11 bits (210 = 1024 et 211 = 2048). Comme, en pratique, les bits sont groupés en octets, le signal d'adresse devra comprendre au minimum deux octets. Si 10 ou 11 des 16 bits servent à constituer l'adresse proprement dite, les autres bits resteront disponibles. Ils peuvent être forcés à 0, mais certains d'entre eux au moins peuvent être utilisés dans diverses configurations qui correspondront, par construction, à des fonctions particulières. Ces fonctions sont par exemple la remise à l'heure de l'horloge interne des récepteurs ou le téléchargement de mémoires. La réception de ces configurations particulières indique au récepteur que les informations qui vont suivre seront relatives à ces fonctions particulières.In addition to address words and function words, specific words can be included in the data, if necessary. Indeed, some bits may be available as will be understood in the following example. If you want to have an addressing capacity greater than a thousand, you must use a 10 or 11 bit address word (2 10 = 1024 and 211 = 2048). As, in practice, the bits are grouped into bytes, the address signal must include at least two bytes. If 10 or 11 of the 16 bits are used to constitute the address proper, the other bits will remain available. They can be forced to 0, but at least some of them can be used in various configurations which will correspond, by construction, to particular functions. These functions are, for example, resetting the internal clock of the receivers or downloading memories. The reception of these particular configurations indicates to the receiver that the information which will follow will relate to these particular functions.

De plus, on peut former une trame "de remplissage", dans laquelle les bits de fonction sont forcés à 1, ce qui permet d'assurer aux récepteurs une continuité de fonctionnement, même en l'absence de véritables données de fonction.In addition, it is possible to form a "filling" frame, in which the function bits are forced to 1, which makes it possible to ensure continuity of operation for the receivers, even in the absence of real function data.

Comme certains signaux de télécommande doivent être reçus par tous les récepteurs il est nécessaire que le mot d'adresse devant accompagner ces signaux soit reconnu par tous les récepteurs. En d'autres termes, si chaque récepteur doit posséder une adresse qui lui est propre et qui permet de l'identifier, il doit en posséder une seconde, qu'il aura en commun avec tous les autres récepteurs, cette seconde adresse permettant d'adresser simultanément à tous ces récepteurs, des informations de caractère général (par exemple remise à l'heure d'une horloge interne).As some remote control signals must be received by all receivers, it is necessary that the address word to accompany these signals be recognized by all receivers. In other words, if each receiver must have an address which is specific to it and which makes it possible to identify it, it must have a second one, which it will have in common with all the other receivers, this second address allowing send general information simultaneously to all of these receivers (for example, setting the time to an internal clock).

En ce qui concerne le mot de synchronisation utilisé en tête de trame, on utilise de manière avantageuse un mot présentant un pic d'autocorrélation important. Autrement dit, la distance de Hamming entre le mot reçu et le mot attendu varie brutalement lors de la réception du mot attendu. On peut utiliser par exemple le mot OEED (en notation hexadécimale) ou tout autre mot équivalent.As regards the synchronization word used at the head of the frame, a word having a significant autocorrelation peak is advantageously used. In other words, the Hamming distance between the received word and the expected word varies abruptly when the expected word is received. One can use for example the word OEED (in hexadecimal notation) or any other equivalent word.

En pratique, comme indiqué plus haut, en MDP2, du fait de l'incertitude de n sur la phase de la sous-porteuse démodulée, on recherche à la fois ce mot de synchronisation et son complément.In practice, as indicated above, in MDP2, due to the uncertainty of n on the phase of the demodulated subcarrier, we seek both this synchronization word and its complement.

La reconnaissance d'un mot de synchronisation fait appel à des moyens connus. On pourra se reporter, par exemple, à l'article de W. SHREMPP et al, intitulé "Unique Word Detection in Digital Burst Communications" publié dans IEEE Transactions on Communications Technology, vol. COM-16, n°4, August 1968 pages 601-605.Recognition of a synchronization word uses known means. We can refer, for example, to the article by W. SHREMPP et al, entitled "Unique Word Detection in Digital Burst Communications" published in IEEE Transactions on Communications Technology, vol. COM-16, n ° 4, August 1968 pages 601-605.

Dans le cas de l'invention, on peut exiger que la distance de Hamming entre le mot reçu et le mot attendu soit nulle. Mais on peut tolérer que cette distance soit égale à 1, à condition que cette distance se confirme sur plusieurs trames successives. Il s'agit en effet de trouver un juste compromis entre la nécessité de ne pas commettre d'erreur et le risque de ne jamais synchroniser le récepteur.In the case of the invention, it may be required that the Hamming distance between the word received and the word expected is zero. However, it can be tolerated that this distance is equal to 1, provided that this distance is confirmed over several successive frames. It is a question of finding a fair compromise between the need not to make an error and the risk of never synchronizing the receiver.

Quant aux deux codes détecteurs d'erreurs utilisés selon l'invention, si l'on connaît bien le code BCH, pour sa simplicité et sa grande capacité de détection on connaît moins bien le code de REED-MULLER. Le choix de ce second code tient à ce que, en plus de sa grande capacité de correction, il est très simple à mettre en oeuvre au décodage. Cette propriété permet de répondre à l'exigence de faible coût des récepteurs. Bien que ce code ait un "rendement" faible (le nombre de bits de redondance est grand par rapport au nombre de bits d'information), cet inconvénient est mineur dans l'application envisagée puisqu'on s'attache avant tout à la puissance de correction et la simplicité de mise en oeuvre au décodage.As for the two error detector codes used according to the invention, if the BCH code is well known, for its simplicity and its great detection capacity, the REED-MULLER code is less well known. The choice of this second code is due to the fact that, in addition to its great correction capacity, it is very simple to implement during decoding. This property makes it possible to meet the requirement of low cost receivers. Although this code has a low "yield" (the number of redundancy bits is large compared to the number of information bits), this drawback is minor in the envisaged application since we attach above all to the power of correction and the simplicity of implementation with decoding.

Pour ce qui est de la définition, des propriétés et de la mise en oeuvre des codes détecteurs et correcteurs d'erreurs, on pourra se reporter, d'une part, à l'ouvrage de C. Macchi et J.F. Guilbert intitulé "Téléinformatique" chapitre 4, et d'autre part, à l'ouvrage de G. Culmann intitulé "Codes détecteurs et correcteurs d'erreurs", ces deux ouvrages étant édités chez Dunod (France).With regard to the definition, properties and implementation of the detector and error correcting codes, reference may be made, on the one hand, to the work by C. Macchi and JF Guilbert entitled "Téléinformatique" chapter 4, and on the other hand, to the work of G. Culmann entitled "Codes detectors and correctors of errors", these two works being published by Dunod (France).

De toute façon, les caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux après la description qui va suivre, d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre explicatif et nullement limitatif. Cette description se réfère à des dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 représente le spectre d'un signal composite utilisé en radiodiffusion par modulation de fréquence,
  • - la figure 2 est un schéma montrant l'organisation de la trame numérique utilisée dans l'invention,
  • - la figure 3 est un schéma synoptique d'un récepteur,
  • - la figure 4 est un organigramme expliquant la stratégie de synchronisation de trame dans le récepteur,
  • - la figure 5 est un schéma fonctionnel du décodeur.
In any case, the characteristics of the invention will appear better after the description which follows, of exemplary embodiments given by way of explanation and in no way limiting. This description refers to attached drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents the spectrum of a composite signal used in broadcasting by frequency modulation,
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the organization of the digital frame used in the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a receiver,
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart explaining the frame synchronization strategy in the receiver,
  • - Figure 5 is a block diagram of the decoder.

Dans les installations actuelles de radiodiffusion utilisant la modulation de fréquence, le signal modulant la porteuse possède un spectre conforme au schéma de la figure 1. Ce signal dit "composite", est constitué par:

  • - un signal monophonique M s'étendant de 40 Hz à 15 kHz,
  • - un signal pilote P à 19 kHz,
  • - un signal stéréophonique S s'étendant entre 23 et 53 kHz,
  • - une sous-porteuse SP à 58,3 kHz.
In current broadcasting installations using frequency modulation, the signal modulating the carrier has a spectrum in accordance with the diagram in FIG. 1. This so-called "composite" signal consists of:
  • - a monophonic signal M extending from 40 Hz to 15 kHz,
  • - a pilot signal P at 19 kHz,
  • - a stereophonic signal S extending between 23 and 53 kHz,
  • - an SP subcarrier at 58.3 kHz.

Dans le cas de l'invention, c'est cette sous-porteuse P qui est modulée par le signal numérique à transmettre, selon une modulation à déplacement de phase à deux états (MDP2). L'ensemble du signal composite ainsi obtenu (avec sa sous-porteuse modulée en MDP2) est appliqué aux émetteurs à modulation de fréquence. Pour éviter des risques de perturbations des voies monophonique et stéréophonique, le taux de modulation de la sous-porteuse par le signal numérique est limité à quelques pour cents (par exemple 3 %) du signal composite.In the case of the invention, it is this subcarrier P which is modulated by the digital signal to be transmitted, according to a two-phase phase shift modulation (MDP2). The whole of the composite signal thus obtained (with its subcarrier modulated in MDP2) is applied to transmitters with frequency modulation. To avoid risks of disturbance of the monophonic and stereophonic channels, the modulation rate of the subcarrier by the digital signal is limited to a few percent (for example 3%) of the composite signal.

Le signal numérique venant moduler la sous-porteuse est organisé selon une trame dont la structure va maintenant être précisée, dans le cas particulier non limitatif où l'on traite 2048 (211) abonnés au plus, et où l'on télécommande des fonctions prises dans un groupe qui en contient 256 (28). Dans ce cas particulier, il faut donc 11 bits pour coder les adresses des récepteurs et 8 pour coder les fonctions, soit au total 19 bits.The digital signal modulating the subcarrier is organized according to a frame the structure of which will now be specified, in the particular non-limiting case where 2048 (2 11 ) subscribers are processed at most, and where functions are remote controlled taken in a group which contains 256 (2 8 ). In this particular case, 11 bits are therefore required to code the addresses of the receivers and 8 to code the functions, ie a total of 19 bits.

Sur la ligne (a) de la figure 2, on trouve le mot de 19 bits en question. Pour permettre une séparation des fonctions, ces 19 bits sont codés sur 3 octets: le premier octet (F) correspond aux 8 bits utilisés pour définir une fonction de télécommande; les deux autres octets contiennent les 11 bits d'adresse (A); les 5 bits provisoirement inutilisés peuvent être mis à 0 ou peuvent être utilisés à des fins particulières comme exposé plus haut pour constituer un mot de caractère (C). Ces trois octets sont représentés sur la ligne (b) de la figure 2.On the line (a) of figure 2, one finds the word of 19 bits in question. To allow a separation of functions, these 19 bits are coded on 3 bytes: the first byte (F) corresponds to the 8 bits used to define a remote control function; the other two bytes contain the 11 address bits (A); the temporarily unused 5 bits can be set to 0 or can be used for specific purposes as explained above to constitute a character word (C). These three bytes are shown on line (b) in Figure 2.

A ces 3x8 = 24 bits d'information sont ajoutés 18 bits de redondance par codage BCH, ce qui donne un mot de 42 bits (ligne c). Ce codage BCH est de type (42, 24) en ce sens qu'il fournit 42 bits au total, pour 24 bits d'information. Il peut être issu d'un code classique (63,45) à 63 bits au total dont 45 bits d'information.To these 3x8 = 24 bits of information are added 18 bits of redundancy by BCH coding, which gives a word of 42 bits (line c). This BCH coding is of type (42, 24) in the sense that it provides 42 bits in total, for 24 bits of information. It can come from a conventional code (63,45) with 63 bits in total including 45 information bits.

Les 18 bits de contrôle ainsi ajoutés permettront, soit de détecter jusqu'à 6 erreurs isolées, soit de détecter tous les paquets d'erreurs ayant jusqu'à 18 bits de longueur, la probabilité de non-détection des paquets d'erreurs dont la longueur est supérieure à 18 bits étant de 2-18.The 18 control bits thus added will allow either to detect up to 6 isolated errors, or to detect all error packets up to 18 bits in length, the probability of non-detection of error packets whose length is greater than 18 bits being 2-18.

Les 42 bits obtenus après ce premier codage (24 bits utiles, 18 bits de contrôle) sont ensuite traités, par groupe de 6, (ligne d) par un code de REED-MULLER d'ordre 1, de longueur totale 32 (6 bits utiles, 26 bits de contrôle). Un tel code permettra de corriger jusqu'à 7 erreurs isolées.The 42 bits obtained after this first coding (24 useful bits, 18 control bits) are then processed, in groups of 6, (line d) by a REED-MULLER code of order 1, of total length 32 (6 bits useful, 26 control bits). Such a code will correct up to 7 isolated errors.

A ce stade du traitement le message numérique comprend donc 7 mots-code de 32 bits chacun (MC1, MC2... MC7). Ces mots sont représentés sur la ligne (e). Le message comprend alors 7x32 = 224 bits.At this stage of processing, the digital message therefore comprises 7 code words of 32 bits each (MC1, MC2 ... MC7). These words are represented on line (e). The message then includes 7x32 = 224 bits.

A ces 7 mots code de 32 bits vient s'ajouter un mot de synchronisation de trame, noté MS, de 16 bits. L'ensemble forme une trame numérique (ligne f). C'est cette trame qui vient moduler la sous-porteuse en MDP2.To these 7 32-bit code words is added a frame synchronization word, denoted MS, of 16 bits. The whole forms a digital frame (line f). It is this frame which modulates the subcarrier in MDP2.

Le message numérique est diffusé de manière cyclique pendant une certaine durée, par exemple pendant 2 minutes. La longueur de la trame étant de 240 bits (16 + (7 x 32)) et le débit de 600 bits/s, il y a donc 300 expéditions du message en deux minutes.The digital message is broadcast cyclically for a certain duration, for example for 2 minutes. The length of the frame being 240 bits (16 + (7 x 32)) and the bit rate of 600 bits / s, there are therefore 300 shipments of the message in two minutes.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de décrire ici les moyens de modulation de la sous-porteuse, qui sont classiques. On pourra se reporter par exemple, pour ces questions de modulation (ou de démodulation) par déplacement de phase à la demande de brevet français FR-A-2 428 345.It is not necessary to describe here the means of modulation of the subcarrier, which are conventional. Reference may be made, for example, to these questions of modulation (or demodulation) by phase shift at French patent application FR-A-2 428 345.

Il n'est pas non plus nécessaire de décrire les émetteurs en modulation de fréquence, qui sont de tout type connu.It is also not necessary to describe the transmitters in frequency modulation, which are of any known type.

La figure 3 illustre la structure générale d'un récepteur conforme à l'invention. Ce récepteur comprend:

  • - un collecteur d'onde 10, constitué par un filtre accordé comprenant un condensateur 12 inséré dans le secondaire d'un transformateur d'isolement 14 dont le primaire est relié au réseau de distribution de courant 16, et un transistor amplificateur 18,
  • - un étage radiofréquence 20 à une entrée 22 reliée au collecteur d'onde 10, cet étage effectuant une démodulation de fréquence et délivrant, sur une sortie 24, une sous-porteuse modulée en phase,
  • - un démodulateur de phase MDP2 référencé 26, à une entrée 28 reliée à la sortie 24 de l'étage radiofréquence 20 et à une première sortie 30 délivrant la trame numérique, et à une seconde sortie 31 délivrant un signal d'horloge,
  • - un décodeur numérique 32 à deux entrées 34 et 35 reliées respectivement aux sorties 30 et 31 du démodulateur 26, ce décodeur possédant un groupe de sorties 33,
  • - des mémoires 36 reliées au décodeur 32,
  • - une base de temps 38 reliée également au décodeur,
  • - des relais 401, 402, 403 commandés par le décodeur et des contacts correspondants 421, 422, 423.
FIG. 3 illustrates the general structure of a receiver according to the invention. This receiver includes:
  • a wave collector 10, constituted by a tuned filter comprising a capacitor 12 inserted in the secondary of an isolation transformer 14, the primary of which is connected to the current distribution network 16, and an amplifier transistor 18,
  • a radiofrequency stage 20 with an input 22 connected to the wave collector 10, this stage performing a frequency demodulation and delivering, on an output 24, a sub-carrier modulated in phase,
  • a phase demodulator MDP2 referenced 26, to an input 28 connected to the output 24 of the radio frequency stage 20 and to a first output 30 delivering the digital frame, and to a second output 31 delivering a clock signal,
  • a digital decoder 32 with two inputs 34 and 35 connected respectively to outputs 30 and 31 of the demodulator 26, this decoder having a group of outputs 33,
  • memories 36 connected to decoder 32,
  • a time base 38 also connected to the decoder,
  • - relays 40 1 , 40 2 , 40 3 controlled by the decoder and corresponding contacts 42 1 , 42 2 , 42 3 .

L'ensemble de ces moyens, constituant le récepteur de télécommande, est associé à un équipement électrique 50, qui est par exemple un compteur de taxation.All of these means, constituting the remote control receiver, are associated with electrical equipment 50, which is for example a charging meter.

Comme il a été souligné plus haut, le collecteur d'onde 10 est l'une des originalités de l'invention. Cette disposition en entraîne d'autres puisque, tout en donnant satisfaction pour ce qui concerne le faible coût et le faible encombrement, elle présente l'inconvénient d'être peu efficace. Il en résulte que, si l'on veut obtenir la grande fiabilité exigée, il faut traiter l'information avec un soin tout particulier. D'où les deux codages permettant la détection et la correction des erreurs, la répétition cyclique de la trame et le comptage dans le décodeur.As pointed out above, the wave collector 10 is one of the original features of the invention. This arrangement leads to others since, while giving satisfaction with regard to the low cost and the small size, it has the disadvantage of being ineffective. As a result, if the high reliability required is to be obtained, the information must be treated with particular care. Hence the two codings allowing the detection and correction of errors, the cyclic repetition of the frame and the counting in the decoder.

Le circuit 20 possède une structure classique. Dans un mode de réalisation étudié par le demandeur, les caractéristiques radiofréquence de ce circuit étaient les suivantes:

  • Plage de fréquence d'accord 87,5-108 MHz.
  • Niveau d'entrée : compris entre -103 dBm et -30 dBm (OdBm = 1 milliwatt).
  • Impédance d'entrée : symétrique de valeur 300 ohms.
  • Rapport d'ondes stationnaires à l'entrée : 2.
  • Facteur de bruit : 5,5 dB.
  • Bande passante du circuit d'entrée > 2 MHz.
  • Réjection du canal image > 80 dB.
  • Réjection de la fréquence intermédiaire > 100 dB.
  • Stabilité de l'oscillateur local : l'oscillateur local est asservi par un oscillateur interne ayant une instabilité de ± 2.10-5.
  • Impédance de sortie < 1 k n.
  • Niveau de sortie : OdB (référence : OdB correspond à 0,775 volt efficace) pour un signal modulant de 1 kHz en monophonie et une excursion de ± 75 kHz.
  • Réponse amplitude-fréquence :
    • ± 0.5dBde40Hzà53kHz
    • ± 3 dB de 53 kHz à 75 kHz
  • Distorsion harmonique globale de 40 Hz à 15 kHz < 0,5 %.
  • Atténuation de diaphonie : > 40 dB dans la bande 400 Hz - 10 000 Hz.
  • Variation du niveau de sortie en fonction du niveau d'entrée :
    • ± 1 dB pour une variation à l'entrée de -103 dBm à -30 dBm.
  • Rapport signal à bruit en monophonie après désaccentuation pour un signal d'entrée de -103 dBm : 35 dB.
Circuit 20 has a conventional structure. In an embodiment studied by the applicant, the radiofrequency characteristics of this circuit were as follows:
  • 87.5-108 MHz tuning frequency range.
  • Input level: between -103 dBm and -30 dBm (OdBm = 1 milliwatt).
  • Input impedance: balanced 300 ohms.
  • Standing wave ratio at the entrance: 2.
  • Noise factor: 5.5 dB.
  • Input circuit bandwidth > 2 MHz.
  • Image channel rejection> 80 dB.
  • Intermediate frequency rejection> 100 dB.
  • Stability of the local oscillator: the local oscillator is controlled by an internal oscillator with an instability of ± 2.10-5.
  • Output impedance <1 k n.
  • Output level: OdB (reference: OdB corresponds to 0.775 volt rms) for a modulating signal of 1 kHz in monophony and an excursion of ± 75 kHz.
  • Amplitude-frequency response:
    • ± 0.5dB from 40Hz to 53kHz
    • ± 3 dB from 53 kHz to 75 kHz
  • Global harmonic distortion from 40 Hz to 15 kHz < 0.5%.
  • Crosstalk attenuation:> 40 dB in the 400 Hz - 10,000 Hz band.
  • Variation of the output level according to the input level:
    • ± 1 dB for a variation at the input from -103 dBm to -30 dBm.
  • Signal-to-noise ratio in monophony after de-emphasis for an input signal of -103 dBm: 35 dB.

Le démodulateur 26 est lui aussi un circuit classique. On peut noter à nouveau que le choix de la modulation MDP2 entraine une grande simplicité de structure pour ce circuit, ce qui permet de réduire le coût du récepteur. Le rôle du circuit 26 est d'isoler la sous-porteuse (SP) du signal composite fourni par le circuit 20, de démoduler cette sous-porteuse et de fournir au décodeur le flux numérique. Le démodulateur assure également la fonction de récupération de la fréquence porteuse et du rythme. A ce sujet on pourra consulter le brevet français FR-A-2 367 387.The demodulator 26 is also a conventional circuit. It can again be noted that the choice of MDP2 modulation results in great structural simplicity for this circuit, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of the receiver. The role of circuit 26 is to isolate the subcarrier (SP) from the composite signal supplied by circuit 20, to demodulate this subcarrier and to supply the decoder with the digital stream. The demodulator also performs the recovery function of the carrier frequency and the rhythm. On this subject one can consult the French patent FR-A-2 367 387.

La description qui suit porte avant tout sur le décodeur 32 et les moyens associés. Ce décodeur a pour fonction de traiter la trame numérique qui se présente à son entrée 34, à l'aide du signal d'horloge qui se présente sur l'entrée 35. Sur l'entrée 34 la trame est sous la forme illustrée sur la ligne (f) de la figure 2.The description which follows relates above all to the decoder 32 and the associated means. The function of this decoder is to process the digital frame which appears at its input 34, using the clock signal which is present at input 35. On input 34 the frame is in the form illustrated on the line (f) of figure 2.

Le décodeur 32 doit avant tout recevoir le mot de synchronisation MS et développer une stratégie de synchronisation de trame. Conformément au schéma de la figure 4, le décodeur se place dans l'un ou l'autre des quatre états suivants:The decoder 32 must above all receive the synchronization word MS and develop a frame synchronization strategy. In accordance with the diagram in FIG. 4, the decoder is placed in one of the following four states:

Etat E, ou état de recherche:State E, or research state:

C'est l'état initial; le décodeur recherche le mot de synchronisation bit par bit. Ce type de recherche est classique et il n'est pas besoin de le décrire en détail ici. Il suffit de rappeler que l'on mesure l'écart entre le mot recherché et le mot reçu. Cet écart est dit "distance de Hamming": c'est très exactement le nombre d'éléments binaires de même rang qui diffèrent dans deux mots, ou encore le poids, modulo 2n, de la somme de deux mots de n éléments binaires. Lorsque le décodeur a reconnu le mot de synchronisation avec une distance de Hamming d = 0 ou 1, il initialise un compteur modulo la longueur N de la trame et passe dans un état E3.It is the initial state; the decoder searches for the synchronization word bit by bit. This type of research is classic and there is no need to describe it in detail here. It suffices to recall that the difference between the word sought and the word received is measured. This difference is called "Hamming distance": it is very exactly the number of binary elements of the same rank which differ in two words, or the weight, modulo 2n, of the sum of two words of n binary elements. When the decoder has recognized the synchronization word with a Hamming distance d = 0 or 1, it initializes a counter modulo the length N of the frame and goes into a state E 3 .

Etat Ea ou état de confirmation:State E a or confirmation state:

Après un comptage à N (longueur de la trame), le décodeur vient contrôler le mot de synchronisation. Si la reconnaissance se fait à nouveau avec d = 0 ou 1, le système passe dans un nouvel état Eo (après réinitialisation du compteur), sinon, il retourne dans l'état E2 et le compteur est inhibé.After counting at N (length of the frame), the decoder checks the synchronization word. If the recognition is done again with d = 0 or 1, the system goes into a new state E o (after reset of the counter), if not, it returns to state E 2 and the counter is inhibited.

Etat En ou état verrouillé:State In or locked state:

Dans cet état, le décodeur est considéré comme synchronisé et les données sont exploitées (comme on le verra plus loin). La recherche du mot de synchronisation est poursuivie avec une période N et le système se maintient dans cet état tant que la distance de Hamming calculée sur le mot de synchronisation reste égale à 0 ou à 1. Si elle devient supérieure à 1, le système passe dans l'état E1' In this state, the decoder is considered to be synchronized and the data is used (as will be seen below). The search for the synchronization word is continued with a period N and the system remains in this state as long as the Hamming distance calculated on the synchronization word remains equal to 0 or 1. If it becomes greater than 1, the system passes in state E 1 '

Etat E, ou état d'alerte:State E, or state of alert:

Dans cet état, les données continuent d'être exploitées. Si la distance de Hamming vaut 0 ou 1, le système retourne en Eo. Sinon (si d 1) le système se déclare en état de perte de synchronisation, les données ne sont plus exploitées, le compteur modulo N est inhibé et le système passe en Ez.In this state, the data continues to be used. If the Hamming distance is 0 or 1, the system returns to E o . Otherwise (if d 1) the system declares itself in a loss of synchronization state, the data is no longer used, the modulo N counter is inhibited and the system goes to E z .

La figure 5 montre la suite des fonctions remplies par le décodeur. Les blocs représentés ont la signification suivante:

  • 51: contrôle du mot de synchronisation,
  • 52: Désembrouillage, cette opération étant facultative comme expliqué plus haut et n'intervenant que si, à l'émission, le signal a été blanchi par un signal d'embrouillage pseudo- aléatoire;
  • 53: Décodage REED-MULLER avec correction des erreurs,
  • 54: décodage BCH avec détection des erreurs résiduelles;
  • 55: traitement des bits de caractères, qui sont, comme expliqué plus haut, les bits restant disponibles dans les octets d'adresse (mot C sur la ligne b de la figure 2) et déclenchant des opérations de mise à l'heure ou de téléchargement ou concernant une trame de remplissage,
  • 56: traitement des bits d'adresse,
  • 57: traitement des bits de fonction,
  • 58: validation par un comptage du nombre de mots de fonction coïncidant avec un mot mémorisé.
FIG. 5 shows the sequence of functions fulfilled by the decoder. The blocks shown have the following meaning:
  • 51: checking the synchronization word,
  • 52: descrambling, this operation being optional as explained above and intervening only if, on transmission, the signal has been blanked by a pseudo-random scrambling signal;
  • 53: REED-MULLER decoding with error correction,
  • 54: BCH decoding with detection of residual errors;
  • 55: processing of the character bits, which are, as explained above, the bits remaining available in the address bytes (word C on line b of FIG. 2) and triggering time setting or setting operations download or concerning a filling frame,
  • 56: processing of address bits,
  • 57: processing of function bits,
  • 58: validation by counting the number of function words coinciding with a memorized word.

De façon plus précise le fonctionnement du décodeur est le suivant.More precisely, the operation of the decoder is as follows.

Lorsque le système se trouve dans l'état Eo, le verrouillage de trame est supposé être effectif et les données sont exploitées par le décodeur. Cette exploitation commence éventuellement par le désembrouillage, puis par la mise en oeuvre du code de REED-MULLER pour la correction des erreurs. Ce code peut corriger jusqu'à 7 erreurs parmi les 32 bits composant chacun des mots-code.When the system is in state E o , the frame alignment is assumed to be effective and the data is used by the decoder. This operation possibly begins with descrambling, then with the implementation of the REED-MULLER code for error correction. This code can correct up to 7 errors among the 32 bits making up each of the code words.

Les 42 bits (6 bits pour chacun des 7 mots-code) une fois regroupés, le décodeur met en oeuvre le code BCH pour détecter des erreurs résiduelles. Les 3 octets transportant l'information sont mis en mémoire.The 42 bits (6 bits for each of the 7 code words) once grouped, the decoder implements the BCH code to detect residual errors. The 3 bytes carrying the information are stored in memory.

Lorsqu'un message ne contient plus d'erreur résiduelle après vérification par le code BCH, les deux octets d'adresse (A) sont décodés. Si l'adresse obtenue est celle du récepteur, l'octet de fonction F est comparé aux 6 valeurs contenues dans les mémoires 38. Ces 6 valeurs correspondent aux trois contacts du récepteur (une valeur pour l'ouverture et une pour la fermeture). Lorsqu'il y a égalité entre la fonction F reçue et l'une de ces 6 valeurs, un compteur est incrémenté d'une unité. Il y a autant de compteurs que de fonctions mémorisées, soit 6 dans l'exemple pris. Quand le contenu de l'un de ces compteurs atteint une valeur prédéterminée, par exemple 6, un ordre d'exécution correspondant à la fonction est engendré et les six compteurs sont remis à zéro. La commande est donc validée.When a message no longer contains a residual error after verification by the BCH code, the two address bytes (A) are decoded. If the address obtained is that of the receiver, the function byte F is compared with the 6 values contained in the memories 38. These 6 values correspond to the three contacts of the receiver (one value for opening and one for closing). When there is equality between the function F received and one of these 6 values, a counter is incremented by one. There are as many counters as functions memorized, that is 6 in the example taken. When the content of one of these counters reaches a predetermined value, for example 6, an execution order corresponding to the function is generated and the six counters are reset to zero. The order is therefore validated.

L'ordre d'exécution de la commande agit sur les relais 401, 402, 403, lesquels commandent les contacts 421, 422, 423. Ces contacts permettent d'établir ou d'interrompre des connexions appartenant à l'équipement à télécommander.The order of execution of the command acts on the relays 40 1 , 40 2 , 40 3 , which control the contacts 42 1 , 42 2 , 42 3 . These contacts make it possible to establish or interrupt connections belonging to the equipment to be remote-controlled.

Naturellement, on comprendra que le nombre de relais utilisés dans l'exemple illustré (3) n'est en aucune manière limitatif et qu'on peut, dans la pratique, en commander un nombre quelconque, ce nombre étant toutefois inférieur à 2n-1, si n est le nombre de bits de fonction utilisé à l'émission (un contact pouvant être ouvert ou fermé, il lui correspond en effet deux fonctions).Naturally, it will be understood that the number of relays used in the example illustrated (3) is in no way limiting and that it is possible, in practice, to order any number of them, this number being however less than 2n- 1 , if n is the number of function bits used on transmission (a contact can be open or closed, it in fact corresponds to two functions).

En pratique, les moyens 38 pour mémoriser les diverses fonctions à traiter par le récepteur peuvent être des microinterrupteurs ("microswitch" en terminologie anglosaxonne). Le récepteur comprend alors autant de microinterrupteurs que de fonctions, 6 dans l'exemple considéré plus haut. Les fonctions étant codées sur un octet, ces microinterrupteurs sont à 8 bits. Chacun de ces organes permet de reconnaître une fonction parmi 256.In practice, the means 38 for memorizing the various functions to be processed by the receiver can be microswitches ("microswitch" in English terminology). The receiver then comprises as many microswitches as there are functions, 6 in the example considered above. The functions being coded on a byte, these microswitches are with 8 bits. Each of these organs makes it possible to recognize one function out of 256.

La configuration de l'octet mémorisé dans chacun des microinterrupteurs peut être modifiée par téléchargement. Cette fonction particulière est commandée par l'apparition des mots de caractères (C) évoqués plus haut.The configuration of the byte stored in each of the microswitches can be modified by downloading. This particular function is controlled by the appearance of the character words (C) mentioned above.

Bien que le décodeur qui vient d'être décrit puisse être réalisé en logique câblée, (registres, mémoires, compteurs, portes, etc...) on peut préférer utiliser un microprocesseur et des mémoires de programme basées sur un logiciel approprié.Although the decoder which has just been described can be implemented in wired logic (registers, memories, counters, doors, etc.) it may be preferable to use a microprocessor and program memories based on appropriate software.

Claims (10)

1. Process for the remote control of electrical equipments, wherein:
A) in a transmission centre:
-there is formed a digital signal corresponding to a function to be remote controlled, this signal is encoded by at least one error detecting and correcting code, the analog signal is modulated by the encoded digital signal and the modulated signal is transmitted to equipments to be remote controlled;
B) in receiving means associated with each of the equipments:
- the transmitted signal is received, it is demodulated, the demodulated signal is decoded in order to retrieve the digital signal corresponding to the function to be remote controlled and a command for the execution of this function is generated, this process being characterized in that:
A) in the transmission centre:
- the digital signal is formed by an address word (A) and a function word (F),
- this signal is successively processed by two error detecting and correcting codes, a first BCH code and a second REED-MULLER code,
- a synchronization word (MS) is made to precede the doubly encoded signal, the synchronization word - address word - function word together forming a digital frame,
- this frame is repeated cyclically,
- each digital frame modulates a subcarrier (SP) with a phase shift modulation,
- this subcarrier (SP) thus modulated is used in order to modulate the frequency of a carrier which is then radio transmitted by a frequency modulation radio transmitter;
B) in each receiver,
- the transmitted signal is picked up by a tuned filter (10) coupled to an electric current distribution system (16) supplying the equipment to be remote controlled (50),
- a frequency demodulation is carried out in order to retrieve the modulated subcarrier,
- the subcarrier is demodulated by a phase shift demodulation in order to retrieve the digital frame,
- the digital frame is processed firstly by recognition of the synchronization word (MS), then by a first REED-MULLER type decoding, which enables the possible errors to be detected and corrected, and then by a second BCH type decoding, which enables the residual errors to be detected, and the digital signal is thus retrieved with its address word (A) and its function word (F),
- the address word (A) is decoded,
- the received address is comparied with the receiver's own address,
- if the received address and the receiver's address are the same, the received function word (F) is processed by comparing it with a plurality of function words stored in the receiver,
- the number of coincidences between the cyclically received function word and one of the stored function words is counted and, when this number reaches a predetermined value, a command for execution is initiated corresponding to this function in the associated equipment.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the phase shift modulation is a two-state phase shift modulation (MDP2).
3. Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the recognition of the synchronization word is accompanied by a recognition of the complementary word.
4. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that on transmission there is superimposed on the binary data signal a pseudo-random binary signal by modulo 2 addition and in that on reception, there is superimposed on the received signal a pseudo-random binary signal which is identical to that which was used on transmission, using the same modulo 2 addition operation.
5. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the function word (F) is a byte.
6. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the address word (A) extends over two bytes.
7. Process according to Claim 6, characterized in that as the address word (A) does not completely fill these two bytes, and there are thus some unused bits, these bits are used for constituting a word of characters (C) corresponding to particular functions of the receiver, in particular a time setting of an internal clock or a remote loading of function words.
8. Receiver of remote control signals for the implementation of the process of Claim 1, characterized in that it includes:
- a wave collector (10) constituted by a tuned filter coupled to an electric current distribution system (16),
- a radio-frequency stage (20) with one input (22) connected to the wave collector, this stage carrying out a frequency demodulation and having an output (24) delivering a subcarrier,
- a phase demodulator (26) with one input (28) connected to the output (24) of the radio-frequency stage (20) and having two outputs (30, 31) delivering a digital frame and a clock signal respectively,
- a digital decoder (32) with two inputs (34, 35) respectively connected to the outputs (30, 31) of the demodulator (26), this decoder (32) including means of seeking the synchronization word, means of REED-MULLER decoding and of BCH decoding, means of decoding the received address word and of comparing the received address with an address belonging to the receiver, means of comparing the received function word with function words stored in the receiver and of counting the number of coincidences between the cyclically received words and one of the stored words and of initiating a command when the result of this counting reaches a predetermined value.
9. Receiver according to Claim 8, characterized in that the means of storing the function words are microswitches set in a certain configuration, each microswitch being associated with a validation counter.
10. Receiver according to Claim 9, characterized in that each microswitch is remotely settable.
EP85400180A 1984-02-07 1985-02-04 Method for remote control of electrical equipment and corresponding receiver Expired EP0152341B1 (en)

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AT85400180T ATE34475T1 (en) 1984-02-07 1985-02-04 PROCEDURE FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES AND RELEVANT RECEIVERS.

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FR8401822 1984-02-07
FR8401822A FR2559291B1 (en) 1984-02-07 1984-02-07 METHOD FOR REMOTE CONTROL OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND CORRESPONDING RECEIVER

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EP0152341A1 EP0152341A1 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0152341B1 true EP0152341B1 (en) 1988-05-18

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Also Published As

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FR2559291A1 (en) 1985-08-09
ATE34475T1 (en) 1988-06-15
DE3562830D1 (en) 1988-06-23
EP0152341A1 (en) 1985-08-21
FR2559291B1 (en) 1986-05-02

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