EP0117803A1 - Wideband primary microwave horn radiator and antenna using such a primary radiator - Google Patents

Wideband primary microwave horn radiator and antenna using such a primary radiator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117803A1
EP0117803A1 EP84400295A EP84400295A EP0117803A1 EP 0117803 A1 EP0117803 A1 EP 0117803A1 EP 84400295 A EP84400295 A EP 84400295A EP 84400295 A EP84400295 A EP 84400295A EP 0117803 A1 EP0117803 A1 EP 0117803A1
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Prior art keywords
horn
microwave source
sector
source according
broadband microwave
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0117803B1 (en
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Claude Gehin
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadband microwave source of the broadband horn type in a plane.
  • This distribution can be modified by various means which limit the band and are only suitable for particular directivities.
  • the source according to the invention comprises a sector horn in said plane with a cylindrical radiating opening and internal radial partitions forming a plurality of elementary sources whose respective amplitudes can be adjusted so that the sector horn radiates according to the desired amplitude distribution.
  • the wideband microwave source which is excited by an electromagnetic wave propagated by a rectangular waveguide, the short and long sides of the guide being respectively parallel to two orthogonal reference planes, is characterized in that 'it includes a radiating part constituted by a first horn which is sectoral in the first of the reference planes, the mouth of which is with equiphase distribution and which has the shape of a cylindrical sector with a director orthogonal to said first reference plane, the partitions being arranged radially, inside and substantially over the entire height of the first sectoral horn and delimiting with the side walls of said sectoral horn a plurality of elementary radiating sources and the directivity in the first reference plane being determined by the angle opening of the cylindrical sector forming the first horn-sectoral.
  • the broadband microwave source object of the invention, makes it possible to obtain, depending on the opening angle, protruding or entering, of the cylinder section in the first reference plane a wide variety of directivities in the first plane of reference.
  • a first and a second reference planes are chosen to be parallel respectively to the electric field E and to the magnetic field H of an electromagnetic wave which propagates in a guide. wave 6 and which excites the source according to the invention. It is assumed in the following description that it is desired to cover a wide angular range over a wide frequency band, in the first reference plane.
  • the source according to the invention comprises a sectoral horn 1 in the plane H, that is to say a rectangular waveguide having a flaring in the plane of the field H.
  • the horn sectoral 1 widens in the plane of the electric field E into a horn 2 sectoral in the plane E having the shape of a cylindrical sector of director parallel to the field H.
  • a plurality of N internal partitions 31, ... 3k,. .., 3N are produced radially in the cylindrical sector 2.
  • the diagram (not shown) of such a source covers, in the plane E of the horn, a very wide and substantially constant angular range over a fairly wide frequency band. Depending on the opening angle of the cylindrical sector, semi-omnidirectional coverage can be obtained.
  • the frequency band can be widened by the use of an excitation guide 6 with steps of variable height and width, arranged on the interior walls of the sectoral horn 1 on the sides in the plane H of the horn.
  • the contour of the cylindrical sector 2 can be an arc of a circle as in the figures but can also have another shape.
  • the N partitions 31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N play the role of power distributors.
  • the cylindrical opening of the horn 2 can therefore be considered as a network of (N + 1) elementary sources of order k between 1 and N + 1, the respective amplitude of which can be modified.
  • An elementary source is limited by two partitions or a partitioning and a side wall of the horn 2.
  • the spacings between the partition 31 and the side wall are designated by a and A, at the entrance and at the opening of the horn 2 respectively, and by a N + 1 and A N + 1 the spacings between the partition 3N and the side wall, at the entrance and at the opening of the horn 2 respectively.
  • the spacing a k of order k determines the amplitude of the field over the radiating opening of the radiating elementary source of order k cut in the cylindrical part 2.
  • the spacings A 1 , ..., A k , ...., A N + 1 must comply with the conditions specific to the operation of networks of radiating sources: they must be of the order of ⁇ M / 2, ⁇ M being the wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency.
  • the source shown in Figure 1, with or without steps 4 can operate over a wide frequency band if the width of the outlet face of the cylindrical sector 2, namely if the sum At k the spacings between partitions or between partitions and side wall of the horn 2, is quite large compared to the wavelength ⁇ m , for example of the order of 2 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m , ⁇ m being the length of wave corresponding to the minimum operating frequency.
  • FIG. 2 represents a partial view in cross section in the plane E of the source of FIG. -1.
  • the excitation waveguide 6 and part of the sectoral horn 1 have not been shown.
  • the source according to the invention can, as illustrated by FIG. 2, include phase shifters 5 arranged between certain partitions.
  • Each phase shifter 5 makes it possible to adjust the phase of the radiant elementary source constituted by the part of the cylindrical sector 2 comprised between the two partitions or a partitioning and a side wall framing the phase shifter 5 considered.
  • the phase shifters 5 can be with a dielectric strip for example.
  • the broadband source represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 therefore behaves like a network of (N + I) elementary sources distributed over a cylindrical sector the amplitude law of which can be modified using the spacings a k between partitions and possibly the phase law by inserting phase shifters 5 between certain partitions.
  • FIGS. 3a and 4a show partial schematic sections in the plane E of variants of the source according to the invention.
  • the sources which have the configuration illustrated by FIGS. 3a and 4a respectively, have different directivities as shown by their radiation diagrams represented diagrammatically by corresponding FIGS. 3b and 4b.
  • the source in FIG. 3a has an average directivity.
  • the one in Figure 4a is semi-omnidirectional.
  • a pyramidal horn 7 that is to say sectoral in the planes E and H connects the excitation waveguide 6 (with or without steps) to the cylindrical sector 2 forming a horn provided with partitions 31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N.
  • the opening angle O (the definition of which is indicated in the description of FIG. 1 but which is not repeated in FIGS. 3a and 3a so as not to complicate them) of the cylindrical sector 2 is of the order of 90 ° in the source of FIG. 3a with medium directivity but is re-entering in the case of the semi-omnidirectional antenna of FIG. 4a.
  • the strip of frequency can be increased by using a stepped excitation waveguide 6.
  • the steps 4 (not shown) are then placed on the walls, parallel to the field H of the guide 6 and the pyramid horn 7.
  • a source has thus been described, the radiation diagram of which can be made wide in a plane (plane E in the figures) and is independent of the frequency over a wide frequency band.
  • the present invention is applicable to direction finding, listening or wideband jamming antennas in K band for example.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une source hyperfréquence à large bande du type cornet. La partie rayonnante est un cornet (2) sectoral dans un premier plan de référence (E) et avec une ouverture cylindrique. Des cloisonnements (31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N) sont disposés radialement. L'onde électromagnétique d'excitation propagée par un guide d'onde rectangulaire (6) alimente le cornet sectoral (2) de rayonnement par l'intermédiaire d'un deuxième cornet sectoral (1) évasé dans un deuxième plan de référence orthogonal au premier. L'invention est applicable aux antennes de goniométrie, d'écoute ou de brouillage large bande.The present invention relates to a broadband microwave source of the horn type. The radiating part is a sector horn (2) in a first reference plane (E) and with a cylindrical opening. Partitions (31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N) are arranged radially. The excitation electromagnetic wave propagated by a rectangular waveguide (6) feeds the sector horn (2) with radiation via a second sector horn (1) flared in a second reference plane orthogonal to the first . The invention is applicable to aerials for direction finding, listening or broadband interference.

Description

La présente invention concerne une source hyperfrequence à large bande du type cornet à large rayonnement dans un plan.The present invention relates to a broadband microwave source of the broadband horn type in a plane.

Dans le domaine des systèmes d'écoute et de détection large bande des signaux radars ou systemes de' brouillage de signaux radars, on a besoin d'une antenne présentant un diagramme de rayonnement large dans un des plans principaux, gisement par exemple, et constant sur une largeur de bande importante. Le diagramme peut être, dans l'autre plan principal, modelé suivant le besoin.In the field of systems for listening and broadband detection of radar signals or systems for jamming radar signals, there is a need for an antenna having a wide radiation pattern in one of the main planes, bearing for example, and constant over a large bandwidth. The diagram can be, in the other main plan, modeled according to the need.

Il existe deux types connus d'antennes dont le diagramme de rayonnement est indépendant de la fréqence :

  • Les antennes du premier type sont à structure exponentielle ou à périodicité logarithmique : la directivité obtenue est du même ordre pour les deux plans principaux. Mais certains problemes technologiques liés à la gamme de fonctionnement ou au niveau de la puissance rayonnée empêchent la maîtrise totale de la largeur du diagramme et ne répondent donc pas toujours aux besoins concernant la directivité et la polarisation.
There are two known types of antennas whose radiation pattern is independent of frequency:
  • The antennas of the first type have an exponential structure or a logarithmic periodicity: the directivity obtained is of the same order for the two main planes. However, certain technological problems linked to the operating range or to the level of radiated power prevent total control of the width of the diagram and therefore do not always meet the needs relating to directivity and polarization.

Les antennes du deuxieme type sont à ouverture rayonnante. Elles sont limitées en ce qui concerne la gamme de fréquence et les possibilités de directivité. Parmi les sources à ouvertures rayonnantes, les cornets sont adaptés à des directivités moyennes ou larges. La largeur du faisceau rayonne par les cornets varie en fonction de la longueur d'onde, donc en fonction de la fréquence. Les variations de la largeur du faisceau en fonction de la fréquence peuvent être minimisées de différentes façons. Mais les techniques de compensation utilisées limitent la gamme de fonctionnement. On peut citer par exemple :

  • - Pour les guides d'onde qui présentent un allongement progressif des grands côtés, c'est-à-dire un évasement dans le plan du champ magnétique H, ces guides étant encore appelés cornets sectoraux dans le plan H, les différences de trajets d'onde peuvent être minimisées en prenant un cornet très long ce qui augmente l'encombrement de la source. Si le cornet est court, la compensation peut être réalisée par un déphasage sur l'ouverture du cornet qui limite les variations de largeur du faisceau dans la gamme de fréquence.
  • - La compensation peut être réalisée par des rainures. C'est la technique des cornets dits "corrugués". La largeur de bande de ce type de cornet est inférieure ou égale à l'octave, ce qui est très insuffisant.
  • - Une compensation réalisée par des éléments diffractants tels que barreaux métalliques devant l'ouverture, volets métalliques flanquant chaque côté de l'ouverture, permet d'obtenir une stabilité des performances qui dépasse difficilement une largeur dè bande d'une octave. De plus les diagrammes de directivité peuvent présenter des défauts.
The antennas of the second type are with radiating aperture. They are limited with regard to the frequency range and the directivity possibilities. Among the sources with radiant openings, the horns are suitable for medium or wide directivities. The width of the beam radiated by the horns varies as a function of the wavelength, therefore as a function of the frequency. Variations in beam width as a function of frequency can be minimized in different ways. However, the compensation techniques used limit the operating range. We can cite for example:
  • - For waveguides with pro elongation gressif of the long sides, that is to say a widening in the plane of the magnetic field H, these guides being also called sectoral horns in the plane H, the differences of wave paths can be minimized by taking a very long horn which increases the size of the source. If the horn is short, the compensation can be achieved by a phase shift on the opening of the horn which limits the variations in width of the beam in the frequency range.
  • - Compensation can be achieved by grooves. This is the so-called "corrugated" cone technique. The bandwidth of this type of horn is less than or equal to the octave, which is very insufficient.
  • - Compensation achieved by diffracting elements such as metal bars in front of the opening, metal shutters flanking each side of the opening, makes it possible to obtain a stability of performance which hardly exceeds a bandwidth of one octave. In addition, the directivity diagrams may have defects.

Les limitations observées avec les moyens de compensation mentionnés ci-dessus sont dues au fait qu'on maîtrise mal la répartition du champ sur l'ouverture rayonnante. Elle est en effet souvent imposée par le mode d'excitation de l'ouverture, par exemple dans le cas d'une excitation par un guide d'onde, par le mode de propagation dans le guide.The limitations observed with the above-mentioned compensation means are due to the fact that the distribution of the field over the radiating opening is poorly controlled. It is in fact often imposed by the mode of excitation of the opening, for example in the case of excitation by a waveguide, by the mode of propagation in the guide.

Cette répartition peut être modifiée par différents moyens qui limitent la bande et conviennent seulement à des directivités particulières.This distribution can be modified by various means which limit the band and are only suitable for particular directivities.

Pour résoudre le problème posé dans le préambule de la description, à savoir l'obtention sur une large bande de fréquences d'un diagramme qui dans un plan déterminé peut couvrir un domaine angulaire très étendu, la source selon l'invention comprend un cornet sectoral dans ledit plan avec une ouverture rayonnante cylindrique et des cloisonnements radiaux internes formant une pluralité de sources élémentaires dont les amplitudes respectives peuvent être ajustées de telle façon que le cornet sectoral rayonne suivant la distribution d'amplitude désirée.To solve the problem posed in the preamble to the description, namely obtaining a diagram over a wide frequency band which in a determined plane can cover a very wide angular range, the source according to the invention comprises a sector horn in said plane with a cylindrical radiating opening and internal radial partitions forming a plurality of elementary sources whose respective amplitudes can be adjusted so that the sector horn radiates according to the desired amplitude distribution.

Selon l'invention la source hyperfréquence à large bande, qui est excitée par une onde électromagnétique propagée par un guide d'onde rectangulaire, les petits et les grands côtés du guide étant respectivement parallèles à deux plans de référence orthogonaux, est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une partie rayonnante constituée par un premier cornet qui est sectoral dans le premier des plans de référence, dont l'embouchure est à répartition équiphase et qui a la forme d'un secteur cylindrique avec une directrice orthogonale audit premier plan de référence, les cloisonnements étant disposés radialement, à l'intérieur et sensiblement sur toute la hauteur du premier cornet sectoral et délimitant avec les parois latérales dudit cornet sectoral une pluralité de sources élémentaires rayonnantes et la directivité dans le premier plan de référence étant déterminée par l'angle d'ouverture du secteur cylindrique formant le premier cornet-sectoral.According to the invention, the wideband microwave source, which is excited by an electromagnetic wave propagated by a rectangular waveguide, the short and long sides of the guide being respectively parallel to two orthogonal reference planes, is characterized in that 'it includes a radiating part constituted by a first horn which is sectoral in the first of the reference planes, the mouth of which is with equiphase distribution and which has the shape of a cylindrical sector with a director orthogonal to said first reference plane, the partitions being arranged radially, inside and substantially over the entire height of the first sectoral horn and delimiting with the side walls of said sectoral horn a plurality of elementary radiating sources and the directivity in the first reference plane being determined by the angle opening of the cylindrical sector forming the first horn-sectoral.

La source hyperfréquence à large bande, objet de l'invention, permet d'obtenir selon l'angle d'ouverture, saillant ou rentrant, de la section de cylindre dans le premier plan de référence une grande variété de directivités dans le premier plan de référence.The broadband microwave source, object of the invention, makes it possible to obtain, depending on the opening angle, protruding or entering, of the cylinder section in the first reference plane a wide variety of directivities in the first plane of reference.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de la source selon l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée faite ci-après avec référence aux figures ci-annexées qui représentent :

  • - Fig. l, la vue en perspective d'une source selon l'invention ;
  • - Fig. 2, une vue partielle en coupe d'une variante de la source de la figure 1 ;
  • - Figs. 3a et 4a, une autre variante de la source selon l'invention pour deux directivités différentes, leur diagramme de rayonnement étant représenté schématiquement par les figures 3b et 4b respectivement.
Other advantages and characteristics of the source according to the invention will appear on reading the detailed description given below with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • - Fig. l, the perspective view of a source according to the invention;
  • - Fig. 2, a partial sectional view of a variant of the source of FIG. 1;
  • - Figs. 3a and 4a, another variant of the source according to the invention for two different directivities, their radiation diagram being shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3b and 4b respectively.

Les mêmes références sont utilisées dans les figures pour designer des éléments identiques ou remplissant la même fonction.The same references are used in the figures to designate identical elements or fulfilling the same function.

Dans les modes de réalisation non-limitatifs représentés par les figures et décrits ci-après, un premier et un deuxième plans de référence sont choisis parallèles respectivement au champ électrique E et au champ magnétique H d'une onde électromagnétique qui se propage dans un guide d'onde 6 et qui excite la source selon l'invention. On suppose dans la suite de la description que l'on désire couvrir sur une large bande de fréquence un domaine angulaire étendu, dans le premier plan de référence.In the non-limiting embodiments represented by the figures and described below, a first and a second reference planes are chosen to be parallel respectively to the electric field E and to the magnetic field H of an electromagnetic wave which propagates in a guide. wave 6 and which excites the source according to the invention. It is assumed in the following description that it is desired to cover a wide angular range over a wide frequency band, in the first reference plane.

La source selon l'invention, représentée en perspective par la figure 1, comprend un cornet 1 sectoral dans le plan H, c'est-a-dire un guide d'onde rectangulaire présentant un évasement dans le plan du champ H. Le cornet sectoral 1 s'evase dans le plan du champ électrique E en un cornet 2 sectoral dans le plan E ayant la forme d'un secteur cylindrique de directrice parallèle au champ H. Une pluralité de N cloisonnements internes 31,...3k, ...,3N sont réalisés radialement dans le secteur cylindrique 2. Le diagramme (non représenté) d'une telle source couvre, dans le plan E du cornet, un domaine angulaire très étendu et sensiblement constant sur une bande de fréquence assez large. Selon l'angle d'ouverture du secteur cylindrique, une couverture semi-omnidirectionnelle peut être obtenue. La bande de fréquence peut être élargie par l'emploi d'un guide d'excitation 6 à redans de hauteur et largeur variables, disposés sur les parois intérieures du cornet sectoral 1 sur les côtés dans le plan H du cornet.The source according to the invention, represented in perspective by FIG. 1, comprises a sectoral horn 1 in the plane H, that is to say a rectangular waveguide having a flaring in the plane of the field H. The horn sectoral 1 widens in the plane of the electric field E into a horn 2 sectoral in the plane E having the shape of a cylindrical sector of director parallel to the field H. A plurality of N internal partitions 31, ... 3k,. .., 3N are produced radially in the cylindrical sector 2. The diagram (not shown) of such a source covers, in the plane E of the horn, a very wide and substantially constant angular range over a fairly wide frequency band. Depending on the opening angle of the cylindrical sector, semi-omnidirectional coverage can be obtained. The frequency band can be widened by the use of an excitation guide 6 with steps of variable height and width, arranged on the interior walls of the sectoral horn 1 on the sides in the plane H of the horn.

Le contour du secteur cylindrique 2 peut être un arc de cercle comme dans les figures mais peut egalement présenter une autre forme.The contour of the cylindrical sector 2 can be an arc of a circle as in the figures but can also have another shape.

Les N cloisonnements 31, ..., 3k,...,3N jouent le rôle de répartiteurs de puissance. L'ouverture cylindrique du cornet 2 peut donc être considérée comme un réseau de (N+1) sources élémentaires d'ordre k compris entre 1 et N+l dont on peut modifier l'amplitude respective. Une source élémentaire est limitée par deux cloisonnements ou un cloisonnement et une paroi latérale du cornet 2. Sur les figures on désigne par ak(k=2 à N) l'espacement de deux cloisonnements 3(k-1) et 3k du côté de l'excitation du secteur cylindrique 2 par le cornet sectoral 1 et par Ak (k = 2 à N) l'ouverture rayonnante comprise entre les deux cloisonnements 3(k-1 ) et 3k considérés, sur la face extérieure rayonnante de la source. De même on désigne par a et A les espacements entre le cloisonnement 31 et la paroi latérale, à l'entrée et à l'ouverture du cornet 2 respectivement et par aN+1 et AN+1 les espacements entre le cloisonnement 3N et la paroi latérale, à l'entrée et à l'ouverture du cornet 2 respectivement.The N partitions 31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N play the role of power distributors. The cylindrical opening of the horn 2 can therefore be considered as a network of (N + 1) elementary sources of order k between 1 and N + 1, the respective amplitude of which can be modified. An elementary source is limited by two partitions or a partitioning and a side wall of the horn 2. In the figures the spacing of two is designated by a k (k = 2 to N) partitions 3 (k-1) and 3k on the excitation side of the cylindrical sector 2 by the sector horn 1 and by A k (k = 2 to N) the radiating opening comprised between the two partitions 3 (k-1) and 3k considered, on the radiating external face of the source. Likewise, the spacings between the partition 31 and the side wall are designated by a and A, at the entrance and at the opening of the horn 2 respectively, and by a N + 1 and A N + 1 the spacings between the partition 3N and the side wall, at the entrance and at the opening of the horn 2 respectively.

L'espacement ak d'ordre k détermine l'amplitude du champ sur l'ouverture rayonnante de la source élémentaire rayonnante d'ordre k découpée dans la partie cylindrique 2.The spacing a k of order k determines the amplitude of the field over the radiating opening of the radiating elementary source of order k cut in the cylindrical part 2.

Les espacements A1,...,Ak,....,AN+1 doivent respecter les conditions propres au fonctionnement des réseaux de sources rayonnantes : ils doivent être de l'ordre de λM/2,λM étant la longueur d'onde correspondant a la fréquence maximale de fonctionnement.The spacings A 1 , ..., A k , ...., A N + 1 must comply with the conditions specific to the operation of networks of radiating sources: they must be of the order of λ M / 2, λ M being the wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency.

De plus, la source representée par la figure 1, avec ou sans redans 4, peut fonctionner sur une large bande de fréquence si la largeur de la face de sortie du secteur cylindrique 2, à savoir si la somme

Figure imgb0001
Ak des espacements entre cloisonnements ou entre cloisonnement et paroi latérale du cornet 2, est assez grande par rapport à la longueur d'onde λm, par exemple de l'ordre de 2λm à 3λm, λm étant la longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence minimale de fonctionnement.In addition, the source shown in Figure 1, with or without steps 4, can operate over a wide frequency band if the width of the outlet face of the cylindrical sector 2, namely if the sum
Figure imgb0001
 At k the spacings between partitions or between partitions and side wall of the horn 2, is quite large compared to the wavelength λ m , for example of the order of 2λ m to 3λ m , λ m being the length of wave corresponding to the minimum operating frequency.

La figure 2 représente une vue partielle en coupe transversale dans le plan E de la source de la figure -1. Le guide d'onde d'excitation 6 et une partie du cornet sectoral l n'ont pas été représentés. Mais tandis que la source de la figure 1 est a répartition équiphase, en plus des éléments de la figure 1 qui portent les mêmes références, la source selon l'invention peut, comme illustre par la figure 2, comporter des déphaseurs 5 disposés entre certains cloisonnements. Chaque déphaseur 5 permet d'ajuster la phase de la source élémentaire rayonnante constituée par la partie du secteur cylindrique 2 comprise entre les deux cloisonnements ou un cloisonnement et une paroi latérale encadrant le déphaseur 5 considéré. Les déphaseurs 5 peuvent être à lame diélectrique par exemple.FIG. 2 represents a partial view in cross section in the plane E of the source of FIG. -1. The excitation waveguide 6 and part of the sectoral horn 1 have not been shown. But while the source of FIG. 1 has an equiphase distribution, in addition to the elements of FIG. 1 which bear the same references, the source according to the invention can, as illustrated by FIG. 2, include phase shifters 5 arranged between certain partitions. Each phase shifter 5 makes it possible to adjust the phase of the radiant elementary source constituted by the part of the cylindrical sector 2 comprised between the two partitions or a partitioning and a side wall framing the phase shifter 5 considered. The phase shifters 5 can be with a dielectric strip for example.

La source à large bande représentée par les figures 1 et 2 se comporte donc comme un réseau de (N+I) sources élémentaires réparties sur un secteur cylindrique dont on peut modifier la loi d'amplitude à l'aide des espacements ak entre cloisonnements et éventuellement la loi de phase en insérant des déphaseurs 5 entre certains cloisonnements.The broadband source represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 therefore behaves like a network of (N + I) elementary sources distributed over a cylindrical sector the amplitude law of which can be modified using the spacings a k between partitions and possibly the phase law by inserting phase shifters 5 between certain partitions.

Les figures 3a et 4a représentent des coupes schématiques partielles dans le plan E de variantes de la source selon l'invention. Les sources qui présentent la configuration illustrée par les figures 3a et 4a respectivement, ont des directivités différentes ainsi que le montrent leurs diagrammes de rayonnement représentés schématiquement par les figures 3b et 4b correspondantes.Figures 3a and 4a show partial schematic sections in the plane E of variants of the source according to the invention. The sources which have the configuration illustrated by FIGS. 3a and 4a respectively, have different directivities as shown by their radiation diagrams represented diagrammatically by corresponding FIGS. 3b and 4b.

La source de la figure 3a présente une directivité moyenne. Celle de la figure 4a est semi-omnidirectionnelle. Dans les deux cas, un cornet pyramidal 7 (c'est-à-dire sectoral dans les plans E et H) raccorde le guide d'onde d'excitation 6 (muni ou non de redans) au secteur cylindrique 2 formant cornet muni de cloisonnements 31,..., 3k,...,3N. L'angle d'ouverture O (dont la définition est indiquée dans la description de la figure 1 mais qui n'est pas rappelée sur les figures 3a et 3a afin de ne pas les compliquer) du secteur cylindrique 2 est de l'ordre de 90° dans la source de la figure 3a à directivité moyenne mais est rentrant dans le cas de l'antenne semi-omnidirectionnelle de la figure 4a.The source in FIG. 3a has an average directivity. The one in Figure 4a is semi-omnidirectional. In both cases, a pyramidal horn 7 (that is to say sectoral in the planes E and H) connects the excitation waveguide 6 (with or without steps) to the cylindrical sector 2 forming a horn provided with partitions 31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N. The opening angle O (the definition of which is indicated in the description of FIG. 1 but which is not repeated in FIGS. 3a and 3a so as not to complicate them) of the cylindrical sector 2 is of the order of 90 ° in the source of FIG. 3a with medium directivity but is re-entering in the case of the semi-omnidirectional antenna of FIG. 4a.

Vu le nombre important de cloisonnements dans la source de la figure 4a étant donné les grandes dimensions du secteur cylindrique 2 et les conditions de fonctionnement mentionnées plus haut et portant sur le dimensionnement du secteur cylindrique, seuls certains cloisonnements sont prolongés jusqu'à la face d'excitation du secteur cylindrique 2 à sa jonction avec le cornet pyramidal 7.Given the large number of partitions in the source of FIG. 4a given the large dimensions of the cylindrical sector 2 and the operating conditions mentioned above and relating to the dimensioning of the cylindrical sector, only certain partitions are extended to the face d excitation of the cylindrical sector 2 at its junction with the pyramidal horn 7.

Comme pour le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, la bande de fréquence peut être augmentée par l'emploi d'un guide d'onde d'excitation 6 à redans. Les redans 4 (non représentés) sont alors disposés sur les parois, parallèles au champ H du guide 6 et du cornet pyramidal 7.As for the embodiment of FIG. 1, the strip of frequency can be increased by using a stepped excitation waveguide 6. The steps 4 (not shown) are then placed on the walls, parallel to the field H of the guide 6 and the pyramid horn 7.

On a ainsi décrit une source dont le diagramme de rayonnement peut être rendu large dans un plan (plan E dans les figures) et est indépendant de la fréquence sur une large bande de fréquence.A source has thus been described, the radiation diagram of which can be made wide in a plane (plane E in the figures) and is independent of the frequency over a wide frequency band.

La présente invention est applicable aux antennes de goniométrie, d'écoute ou de brouillage large bande en bande K par exemple.The present invention is applicable to direction finding, listening or wideband jamming antennas in K band for example.

Claims (10)

1. Source hyperfréquence à large bande excitée par une onde électromagnétique propagée par un guide d'onde rectangulaire (6), les petits et les grands côtés du guide étant respectivement parallèles à deux plans de référence orthogonaux, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une partie rayonnante constituée par un premier cornet (2) qui est sectoral dans le premier des plans de référence, dont l'embouchure est à répartition équiphase et qui a la forme d'un secteur cylindrique avec une directrice orthogonale audit premier plan de référence, une pluralité de N cloisonnements (31,..., 3k,..., 3N) étant disposés radialement, à l'intérieur et sur toute la hauteur du premier cornet sectoral (2) et délimitant avec les parois latérales dudit cornet sectoral une pluralité de N+l sources élémentaires rayonnantes et la directivité dans le premier plan de référence étant déterminée par l'angle d'ouverture ( 0 ) du secteur cylindrique formant le premier cornet sectoral (2).1. Broadband microwave source excited by an electromagnetic wave propagated by a rectangular waveguide (6), the short and long sides of the guide being respectively parallel to two orthogonal reference planes, characterized in that it comprises a radiating part constituted by a first horn (2) which is sectoral in the first of the reference planes, the mouth of which is with equiphase distribution and which has the shape of a cylindrical sector with a director orthogonal to said first reference plane, a plurality of N partitions (31, ..., 3k, ..., 3N) being arranged radially, inside and over the entire height of the first sector horn (2) and delimiting with the side walls of said sector horn a plurality of N + l radiating elementary sources and the directivity in the first reference plane being determined by the opening angle (0) of the cylindrical sector forming the first sectoral horn (2). 2. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le premier cornet sectoral (2) comporte des déphaseurs (5) disposés chacun entre deux cloisonnements (3(k-1), 3k) limitant une source élémentaire, afin d'assurer une modulation de la loi de phase sur l'embouchure dudit cornet (2).2. Broadband microwave source according to claim 1, characterized in that the first sector horn (2) comprises phase shifters (5) each disposed between two partitions (3 (k-1), 3k) limiting an elementary source, so to ensure modulation of the phase law on the mouth of said horn (2). 3. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les espacements (ak) entre deux cloisonnements (3(k-I), 3k) du côté de l'excitation du cornet sectoral (2) déterminent la loi d'amplitude du champ sur l'embouchure dudit cornet (2).3. Broadband microwave source according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacings (a k ) between two partitions (3 (kI), 3k) on the excitation side of the sector horn (2) determine the law field amplitude at the mouth of said horn (2). 4. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la largeur (A1,..., A2,..., AN+1) de l'ouverture rayonnante des N+l soùrces élémentaires - est respectivement de l'ordre de
Figure imgb0002
M, λM étant la longueur d'onde correspondant à la fréquence maximum de la bande de fréquence de fonctionnement.4. Broadband microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the width (A 1 , ..., A2, ..., A N + 1 ) of the radiating opening of the N + l elementary sources - is respectively of the order of
Figure imgb0002
 M, λ M being the wavelength corresponding to the maximum frequency of the operating frequency band. 5. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la largeur de l'ouverture rayonnante du premier cornet sectoral (2) est très supérieure à la longueur d'onde (À ) correspondant à la fréquence minimum de la bande de fréquence de fonctionnement.5. Broadband microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the width of the radiating opening of the first sector horn (2) is much greater than the wavelength (λ) corresponding to the minimum frequency of the operating frequency band. 6. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un deuxième cornet (1) sectoral dans le deuxième plan de référence et raccordant le guide d'onde d'excitation (6) à l'entrée du premier cornet sectoral cylindrique (2) formant la partie rayonnante.6. Broadband microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises a second horn (1) sectoral in the second reference plane and connecting the excitation waveguide (6) at the entrance of the first cylindrical sectoral horn (2) forming the radiating part. 7. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre un deuxième cornet (7),,pyramidal suivant les premier et deuxième plans de référence et raccordant le guide d'onde d'excitation (6) à l'entrée du premier cornet sectoral (2).7. Broadband microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises a second horn (7) ,, pyramidal along the first and second reference planes and connecting the guide excitation wave (6) at the entrance to the first sector horn (2). 8. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que, dans le guide d'onde d'excitation (6), les parois parallèles au deuxième plan de référence sont munies de redans (4).8. Broadband microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in the excitation waveguide (6), the walls parallel to the second reference plane are provided with steps (4 ). 9. Source hyperfréquence à large bande selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que le guide d'onde d'excitation (6) et le deuxième cornet (1 ; 7) sont munis de redans (4) sur leurs parois parallèles au deuxième plan de référence.9. Broadband microwave source according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the excitation waveguide (6) and the second horn (1; 7) are provided with steps (4) on their walls parallel to the second reference plane. 10. Antenne hyperfréquence mettant en oeuvre une source hyperfréquence selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte en outre un dispositif polariseur.10. Microwave antenna using a microwave source according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises a polarizing device.
EP84400295A 1983-02-22 1984-02-14 Wideband primary microwave horn radiator and antenna using such a primary radiator Expired EP0117803B1 (en)

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FR8302836 1983-02-22
FR8302836A FR2541519B1 (en) 1983-02-22 1983-02-22 BROADBAND MICROWAVE SOURCE OF CORNET TYPE AND ANTENNA COMPRISING SUCH A SOURCE

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GB2222725A (en) * 1988-09-07 1990-03-14 Philips Electronic Associated Microwave antenna

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US5606331A (en) * 1995-04-07 1997-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Millennium bandwidth antenna
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US20090303147A1 (en) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Intel Corporation Sectorized, millimeter-wave antenna arrays with optimizable beam coverage for wireless network applications
US8933835B2 (en) * 2012-09-25 2015-01-13 Rosemount Tank Radar Ab Two-channel directional antenna and a radar level gauge with such an antenna
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FR2541519A1 (en) 1984-08-24
EP0117803B1 (en) 1988-09-21
US4667205A (en) 1987-05-19
DE3474239D1 (en) 1988-10-27

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