EP0043425A2 - Apparatus for applying valves to packaging materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for applying valves to packaging materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0043425A2 EP0043425A2 EP81103699A EP81103699A EP0043425A2 EP 0043425 A2 EP0043425 A2 EP 0043425A2 EP 81103699 A EP81103699 A EP 81103699A EP 81103699 A EP81103699 A EP 81103699A EP 0043425 A2 EP0043425 A2 EP 0043425A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valves
- pressure stamp
- carrier
- packaging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting
- B26D7/34—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting for applying a coating, such as butter, to cut product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
- B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
- B31B50/81—Forming or attaching accessories, e.g. opening devices, closures or tear strings
- B31B50/84—Forming or attaching means for filling or dispensing contents, e.g. valves or spouts
Definitions
- the invention is based on a device for applying valves to packaging, such as packaging containers or packaging materials.
- a device of this type known for example from DE-OS 28 48 833
- a composite tool consisting of a plunging tool and a pressure ram is arranged at a station of a packaging machine to which packaging bags are successively fed.
- the delivered valves adhering to a carrier tape are brought into succession by moving a guide piece with a peeling edge back and forth in alignment with the pressure stamp, if the coaxial plunging tool has previously pierced an opening in the wall of the bag provided. Since the performance of this known device is low, it is desirable to have performance adapted to higher, high-speed packaging machines.
- valve mounting device with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the movement for positioning a valve on a packaging means is connected to the bringing in and out of working position of the punching tool by the common, movable support for the punching tool and the pressing die.
- the simply constructed and powerful device can also be combined in a simple manner with packaging machines of various types.
- FIG. 1 shows a device for attaching valves assigned to a mandrel of a packaging machine, in plan view
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the device according to FIG. 1 in a second working position in plan view
- FIG. 3 shows a pressure ram in cross section
- FIG. 4 shows a punching tool in side view.
- a segment-shaped support 12 is pivotally mounted about a pivot point 13. It is articulated on the piston rod 14 of a pressure-actuated working cylinder 15 which pivots it cyclically between two end positions. Two other pressure-actuated working cylinders 16, 17 are seated next to one another on the carrier at a certain distance.
- the piston rod 18 of the one working cylinder 16 carries a piercing or piercing tool in the form of a needle 19 with a wedge-shaped tip 20.
- the piston rod 21 of the other working cylinder 17 carries a pressure stamp 22 with a suction device in its end face.
- the suction device is formed by an opening 23 which can be connected to a vacuum source via a line 24 and a valve (not shown).
- On the base plate 11 there are also a receptacle 27 for a supply roll 2 with a carrier tape 3 equipped with valves 1, deflection rollers 28, 29 and 30, a guide piece 31 with a deflection edge 32, a step-by-step preference roller pair 33, 34 and a winding device 35 for the Carrier tape 3 arranged.
- a light barrier consisting of light source 36 and photocell 37 monitors the advance of a valve 1 in the region of the deflection edge 32 of the guide piece 31.
- the guide piece 31 is arranged on the base plate 11 in such a way that the transfer point for the valve 1 peeling off from the carrier tape 3 at the deflecting edge 32 lies in alignment with the pressure plunger 22 when the carrier 12 with the working cylinders 16, 17 is in its one on the left End position is pivoted.
- the needle 19 is in register with a packaging bag 4 made of a flexible packaging material which is formed on a mandrel 38 and is provided for attaching a valve 1.
- the mandrel 38 has a recess 39 for receiving the needle 19.
- the pressure plunger 22 is advanced from its retracted position, whereupon the valve 1, which is only partially adhering to the carrier tape 3, is pulled by the suction effect of the pressure plunger 22 against its end face and held there.
- This transfer takes place in the one, left end position of the carrier 12.
- the needle 19 is pushed forward simultaneously by the working cylinder 16, so that it cuts a gas passage opening in the form of an arcuate slot 5 into the bag 4 provided on the mandrel 38.
- the working cylinder 15 swivels the carrier 12 into the other, right position, in which the pressure plunger 22 now coincides with the bag 4 provided, in particular with the slot 5 previously cut into it is.
- the working cylinder 17 in turn pushes the pressure plunger 22 so that it presses the valve 1 held onto the wall of the bag 4 above the slot 5.
- the working cylinder 17 pulls the pressure plunger 22 back and the working cylinder 15 swivels the carrier back into the first position.
- the bag 4 provided with a valve 1 is conveyed further and another is provided.
- the pair of preferred rollers 33, 34 has brought the valve 1 following on the carrier belt 3 into the take-over position, so that a new working cycle can proceed as described above.
- the device described is assigned to a packaging machine on which bags are made from flexible packaging materials, which are then filled and sealed. It can also be used in particular on so-called tubular bag machines. Furthermore, it can be combined with conveying devices on which packaging material webs or blanks are fed, which are then shaped into packaging containers.
- the attachment point of the valves to the bags or packaging means is additionally assigned a liquid metering and supply device which applies the smallest liquid droplets to the opening of the valves.
- the liquid is drawn into the valves by capillary action.
- Such a device can also be arranged at another station through which the bags equipped with a valve run.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von Ventilen an Packmitteln, wie Verpackungsbehältern oder Packstoffen. Bei einer beispielsweise durch die DE-OS 28 48 833 bekannten Vorrichtung dieser Art ist an einer Station einer Verpackungsmaschine, der nacheinander Verpackungsbeutel zugeführt werden, ein aus einem Einstechwerkzeug und einem Andrückstempel bestehendes Verbundwerkzeug ortsfest angeordnet. Die auf einem Trägerband haftenden angelieferten Ventile werden nacheinander durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen eines Führungsstücks mit einer Abschälkante in Deckung mit dem Andrückstempel gebracht, wenn zuvor das gleichachsige Einstechwerkzeug eine Öffnung in die Wand des bereitgestellten Beutels gestochen hat. Da die Leistung dieser bekannten Vorrichtung niedrig ist, ist eine solche mit höherer, schnellaufenden Verpackungsmaschinen angepaßter Leistung wünschenswert.The invention is based on a device for applying valves to packaging, such as packaging containers or packaging materials. In a device of this type, known for example from DE-OS 28 48 833, a composite tool consisting of a plunging tool and a pressure ram is arranged at a station of a packaging machine to which packaging bags are successively fed. The delivered valves adhering to a carrier tape are brought into succession by moving a guide piece with a peeling edge back and forth in alignment with the pressure stamp, if the coaxial plunging tool has previously pierced an opening in the wall of the bag provided. Since the performance of this known device is low, it is desirable to have performance adapted to higher, high-speed packaging machines.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ventilanbringvorrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat den Vorteil, daß durch den gemeinsamen, bewegbaren Träger für das Loch werkzeug und den Andrückstempel die Bewegung zum Positionieren eines Ventils an einem Packmittel mit dem In-und AuBerarbeitsstellungsbringen des Lochwerkzeugs verbunden ist. Die einfach aufgebaute und leistungsfähige Vorrichtung kann ferner in einfacher Weise mit Verpackungsmaschinen verschiedener Art kombiniert werden.The valve mounting device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the movement for positioning a valve on a packaging means is connected to the bringing in and out of working position of the punching tool by the common, movable support for the punching tool and the pressing die. The simply constructed and powerful device can also be combined in a simple manner with packaging machines of various types.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 eine einem Formdorn einer Verpakkungsmaschine zugeordnete Vorrichtung zum Anbringen von Ventilen in Draufsicht, Fig. 2 einen Teil der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer zweiten Arbeitsstellung in Draufsicht, Fig. 3 einen Andrückstempel im Querschnitt und Fig. 4 ein Lochwerkzeug in Seitenansicht.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a device for attaching valves assigned to a mandrel of a packaging machine, in plan view, FIG. 2 shows a part of the device according to FIG. 1 in a second working position in plan view, FIG. 3 shows a pressure ram in cross section and FIG. 4 shows a punching tool in side view.
Auf einer horizontalen Grundplatte 11 ist ein segmentförmiger Träger 12 um einen Drehpunkt 13 schwenkbar gelagert. Er ist an der Kolbenstange 14 eines druckmittelbetätigten Arbeitszylinders 15 angelenkt, der ihn taktweise zwischen zwei Endstellungen verschwenkt. Auf dem Träger sitzen nebeneinander in einem bestimmten Abstand zwei andere druckmittelbetätigte Arbeitszylinder 16, 17. Die Kolbenstange 18 des einen Arbeitszylinders 16 trägt ein Einstech- oder Lochwerkzeug in Form einer Nadel 19 mit keilförmiger Spitze 20.On a
Die Kolbenstange 21 des anderen Arbeitszylinders 17 trägt einen Andrückstempel 22 mit einer Saugeinrichtung in seiner Stirnfläche. Die Saugeinrichtung wird durch eine Öffnung 23 gebildet, die über eine Leitung 24 und ein nicht dargestelltes Ventil mit einer Unterdruckquelle verbindbar ist. Auf der Grundplatte 11 sind ferner eine Aufnahme 27 für eine Vorratsrolle 2 mit einem mit Ventilen 1 bestückten Trägerband 3, Umlenkrollen 28, 29 und 30, ein Führungsstück 31 mit einer Umlenkkante 32, ein schrittweise angetriebenes Vorzugsrollenpaar 33, 34 und eine Aufwickeleinrichtung 35 für das Trägerband 3 angeordnet. Eine aus Lichtquelle 36 und Photozelle 37 bestehende Lichtschranke überwacht den Vorschub eines Ventils 1 im Bereich der Umlenkkante 32 des Führungsstücks 31.The
Das Führungsstück 31 ist derart auf der Grundplatte 11 angeordnet, daß die Übergabestelle für das sich jeweils vom Trägerband 3 an der Umlenkkante 32 abschälende Ventil 1 in Dekkung mit dem Andrückstempel 22 liegt, wenn der Träger 12 mit den Arbeitszylindeln16, 17 in seine eine,linke Endstellung verschwenkt ist. In dieser Endstellung ist andererseits die Nadel 19 in Deckung mit einem Verpackungsbeutel 4 aus einem flexiblen Packstoff, der auf einem Dorn 38 geformt und zum Anbringen eines Ventils 1 bereitgestellt wird. An der Anbringstelle für ein Ventil 1 an dem jeweils bereitgestellten Beutel 4, beispielsweise an dessen einer Breitseite, hat der Dorn 38 zur Aufnahme der Nadel 19 eine Aussparung 39.The
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:
- Das
Trägerband 3 wird von demVorzugsrollenpaar 33, 34 taktweise von derRolle 2 abgezogen und auf derAufwickeleinrichtung 35 aufgewickelt, wobei der Vorzugtakt von der dieBeutel 4 bereitstellenden Maschine eingeleitet und von der 36, 37 beendet wird, wenn ein sich von demLichtschranke Trägerband 3 abschälendes Ventil 1 an der Übergabestelle vor derAbschälkante 32 desFührungsstücks 31 den Lichtstrahl der 36, 37 unterbricht (Fig. 2). Es sei hier bemerkt, daß die Ventile 1 plattenartig geformt und auf ihrer Unterseite mit einem Haftkleber beschichtet sind, mit dem sie auf demLichtschranke Trägerband 3 wie Haftetiketteh lösbar haften und mit dem sie an denBeuteln 4 befestigt werden.
- The
carrier tape 3 is withdrawn from the preferred pair ofrollers 33, 34 in cycles from theroll 2 and wound up on thewinding device 35, the preferred cycle being initiated by the machine providing thebags 4 and terminated by the 36, 37 when one of thelight barrier carrier tapes 3 peeling valve 1 at the transfer point in front of thepeeling edge 32 of theguide piece 31 interrupts the light beam from thelight barrier 36, 37 (FIG. 2). It should be noted here that the valves 1 are plate-like and are coated on their underside with a pressure sensitive adhesive with which they releasably adhere to thecarrier tape 3 like adhesive labels and with which they are fastened to thebags 4.
Gegen das in Übergabestellung vorgeschobene Ventil 1 wird der Andrückstempel 22 aus seiner zurückgezogenen Stellung vorgeschoben, worauf das nur noch teilweise am Trägerband 3 haftende Ventil 1 durch die Saugwirkung des Andrückstempels 22 gegen dessen Stirnseite gezogen und dort gehalten wird. Diese Übernahme erfolgt in der einen, linken Endstellung des Trägers 12. In dieser Endstellung wird gleichzeitig vom Arbeitszylinder 16 die Nadel 19 vorgestoßen, so daß sie in den auf dem Dorn 38 bereitgestellten Beutel 4 eine Gasdurchlaßöffnung in Form eines bogenförmigen Schlitzes 5 schneidet. Nach Zurückziehen des Andrückstempels 22 und der Nadel 19 in die zurückgezogene Stellung schwenkt der Arbeitszylinder 15 den Träger 12 in die andere, rechte Stellung, in der nun der Andrückstempel 22 in Deckung mit dem bereitgestellten Beutel 4, insbesondere mit dem zuvor in diesen eingeschnittenen Schlitz 5 ist. In dieser Stellung schiebt der Arbeitszylinder 17 wiederum den Andrückstempel 22 vor, so daß dieser das gehaltene Ventil 1 auf die Wand des Beutels 4 über dem Schlitz 5 drückt. Nach Trennen der Saugleitung 24 von der Unterdruckquelle zieht der Arbeitszylinder 17 den Andrückstempel 22 wieder zurück und der Arbeitszylinder 15 schwenkt den Träger wieder in die erste Stellung. Gleichzeitig wird der mit einem Ventil 1 versehene Beutel 4 weitergefördert und ein anderer bereitgestellt. Inzwischen hat das Vorzugsrollenpaar 33, 34 das auf dem Trägerband 3 nachfolgende Ventil 1 in Übernahmestellung gebracht, so daß ein neuer Arbeitszyklus wie oben beschrieben ablaufen kann.Against the valve 1 advanced in the transfer position, the
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Verpackungsmaschine zugeordnet, auf der Beutel aus flexiblen Packstoffen hergestellt werden, die anschließend gefüllt und verschlossen werden. Sie kann auch insbesondere an sogenannten Schlauchbeutelmaschinen verwendet werden. Ferner ist sie mit Fördervorrichtungen kombinierbar, auf denen Packstoffbahnen oder -Zuschnitte zugeführt werden, die anschliessend zu Verpackungsbehältern geformt werden.In the exemplary embodiment, the device described is assigned to a packaging machine on which bags are made from flexible packaging materials, which are then filled and sealed. It can also be used in particular on so-called tubular bag machines. Furthermore, it can be combined with conveying devices on which packaging material webs or blanks are fed, which are then shaped into packaging containers.
Da die Dichtigkeit der Ventile durch Einbringen von viskosen Dichtmitteln in diese, beispielsweise Silikonöl, Squalan u.a. erhöht werden kann, ist es denkbar, daß der Anbringstelle der Ventile an die Beutel oder Packmittel zusätzlich eine Flüssigkeitsdosier- und Zuführeinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die kleinste Flüssigkeitströpfchen auf die Öffnung der Ventile aufträgt. Durch Kapillarwirkung zieht die Flüssigkeit in die Ventile ein. Eine solche Einrichtung kann aber auch an einer anderen Station angeordnet werden, durch die die mit einem Ventil bestückten Beutel laufen.Since the tightness of the valves is achieved by introducing viscous sealants into them, e.g. silicone oil, squalane, etc. can be increased, it is conceivable that the attachment point of the valves to the bags or packaging means is additionally assigned a liquid metering and supply device which applies the smallest liquid droplets to the opening of the valves. The liquid is drawn into the valves by capillary action. Such a device can also be arranged at another station through which the bags equipped with a valve run.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803025118 DE3025118A1 (en) | 1980-07-03 | 1980-07-03 | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING VALVES TO PACKAGING MATERIALS |
DE3025118 | 1980-07-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0043425A2 true EP0043425A2 (en) | 1982-01-13 |
EP0043425A3 EP0043425A3 (en) | 1984-05-09 |
EP0043425B1 EP0043425B1 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
Family
ID=6106266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81103699A Expired EP0043425B1 (en) | 1980-07-03 | 1981-05-14 | Apparatus for applying valves to packaging materials |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0043425B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5722040A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3025118A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8204377A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0107251A2 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-02 | Seal Spout International | Device for automatically applying metal delivery mouths to packaging containers for products of fluid behaviour |
EP0210413A1 (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for making a packaging container with an excessive-pressure valve |
EP0602418A2 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pressure relief valve for packaging container |
GB2293134A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-03-20 | Grace W R & Co | Supply of fitments on a flexible tape |
US7244223B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-07-17 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Food bag release valve |
CN106335679A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-18 | 户谷技研工业株式会社 | Spout Mounting Apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6316836A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1988-01-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Pouring method for molten metal |
JP2855344B2 (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1999-02-10 | 藤森工業株式会社 | Bag making, filling and packaging equipment |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1239553B (en) * | 1962-05-11 | 1967-04-27 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Device for manufacturing a plastic valve bag |
DE2159157A1 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-05-03 | Luigi Goglio | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A VALVE TO A SOFT BAG OR TO A BAG SEALABLE TRAIL |
US3988195A (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1976-10-26 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Machine for applying a semipermeable patch on a plastic bag |
DE2848833A1 (en) * | 1978-11-10 | 1980-05-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING VALVES ON PACKAGING BAGS OR ON A PACK OF MATERIAL |
-
1980
- 1980-07-03 DE DE19803025118 patent/DE3025118A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-05-14 DE DE8181103699T patent/DE3173179D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-14 EP EP81103699A patent/EP0043425B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-29 JP JP8120681A patent/JPS5722040A/en active Granted
- 1981-06-22 ES ES503259A patent/ES8204377A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1239553B (en) * | 1962-05-11 | 1967-04-27 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Device for manufacturing a plastic valve bag |
DE2159157A1 (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-05-03 | Luigi Goglio | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING A VALVE TO A SOFT BAG OR TO A BAG SEALABLE TRAIL |
US3988195A (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1976-10-26 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Machine for applying a semipermeable patch on a plastic bag |
DE2848833A1 (en) * | 1978-11-10 | 1980-05-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | DEVICE FOR ATTACHING VALVES ON PACKAGING BAGS OR ON A PACK OF MATERIAL |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0107251A2 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-02 | Seal Spout International | Device for automatically applying metal delivery mouths to packaging containers for products of fluid behaviour |
EP0107251A3 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1985-10-23 | Seal Spout International | Device for automatically applying metal delivery mouths to packaging containers for products of fluid behaviour |
EP0210413A1 (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for making a packaging container with an excessive-pressure valve |
EP0602418A2 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pressure relief valve for packaging container |
EP0602418A3 (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-05-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Pressure relief valve for packaging container. |
US5427839A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Overpressure valve for packaging containers |
US5445870A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-08-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method of producing overpressure valve for packaging containers |
GB2293134A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-03-20 | Grace W R & Co | Supply of fitments on a flexible tape |
US7244223B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-07-17 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Food bag release valve |
US7399263B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2008-07-15 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Food bag release valve |
CN106335679A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-01-18 | 户谷技研工业株式会社 | Spout Mounting Apparatus |
EP3124224A1 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-02-01 | Totani Corporation | Spout mounting apparatus |
AU2016204518B2 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2018-03-01 | Totani Corporation | Spout mounting apparatus |
US11072476B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2021-07-27 | Totani Corporation | Spout mounting method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES503259A0 (en) | 1982-05-01 |
DE3025118A1 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
JPS6117262B2 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
DE3173179D1 (en) | 1986-01-23 |
EP0043425A3 (en) | 1984-05-09 |
JPS5722040A (en) | 1982-02-04 |
ES8204377A1 (en) | 1982-05-01 |
EP0043425B1 (en) | 1985-12-11 |
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