DE69304924D1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines beschichteten schleifmittels mit einem leitenden träger. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines beschichteten schleifmittels mit einem leitenden träger.Info
- Publication number
- DE69304924D1 DE69304924D1 DE69304924T DE69304924T DE69304924D1 DE 69304924 D1 DE69304924 D1 DE 69304924D1 DE 69304924 T DE69304924 T DE 69304924T DE 69304924 T DE69304924 T DE 69304924T DE 69304924 D1 DE69304924 D1 DE 69304924D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- producing
- coated abrasive
- conductive carrier
- conductive
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/001—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as supporting member
- B24D3/002—Flexible supporting members, e.g. paper, woven, plastic materials
- B24D3/004—Flexible supporting members, e.g. paper, woven, plastic materials with special coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/02—Backings, e.g. foils, webs, mesh fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
- B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/928,845 US5328716A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1992-08-11 | Method of making a coated abrasive article containing a conductive backing |
PCT/US1993/006803 WO1994004317A1 (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1993-07-20 | Method of making a coated abrasive article containing a conductive backing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69304924D1 true DE69304924D1 (de) | 1996-10-24 |
DE69304924T2 DE69304924T2 (de) | 1997-04-10 |
Family
ID=25456863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69304924T Expired - Lifetime DE69304924T2 (de) | 1992-08-11 | 1993-07-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines beschichteten schleifmittels mit einem leitenden träger. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5328716A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0653974B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH08500298A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2139497C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69304924T2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994004317A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (75)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5498268A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1996-03-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles and method of making abrasive articles |
DE69505643T2 (de) * | 1995-05-18 | 1999-06-17 | Sandro Giovanni G Ferronato | Schleifelement zum Trockenschleifen und -Polieren und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
US5908477A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-06-01 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles including an antiloading composition |
US6261682B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2001-07-17 | 3M Innovative Properties | Abrasive articles including an antiloading composition |
PL345614A1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2002-01-02 | Idi Head Oy | Apparatus and method for grinding webs made of fiber material |
KR20010020807A (ko) * | 1999-05-03 | 2001-03-15 | 조셉 제이. 스위니 | 고정 연마재 제품을 사전-조절하는 방법 |
US7059948B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2006-06-13 | Applied Materials | Articles for polishing semiconductor substrates |
US7303662B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2007-12-04 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Contacts for electrochemical processing |
US6979248B2 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-12-27 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Conductive polishing article for electrochemical mechanical polishing |
US6991528B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2006-01-31 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Conductive polishing article for electrochemical mechanical polishing |
US7670468B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2010-03-02 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Contact assembly and method for electrochemical mechanical processing |
US7077721B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2006-07-18 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Pad assembly for electrochemical mechanical processing |
US7066800B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2006-06-27 | Applied Materials Inc. | Conductive polishing article for electrochemical mechanical polishing |
US7678245B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2010-03-16 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrochemical mechanical processing |
US7029365B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2006-04-18 | Applied Materials Inc. | Pad assembly for electrochemical mechanical processing |
US7125477B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2006-10-24 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Contacts for electrochemical processing |
US20020146963A1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-10-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Composition containing graphite |
US7137879B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-11-21 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Conductive polishing article for electrochemical mechanical polishing |
US6758734B2 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2004-07-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article |
US6773474B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2004-08-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article |
US6755878B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-06-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles and methods of making and using the same |
US7008565B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-03-07 | More Energy Ltd. | Flexible electroconductive foam, and method of preparation thereof |
US7169199B2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2007-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable emulsions and abrasive articles therefrom |
US6979713B2 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2005-12-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable compositions and abrasive articles therefrom |
DE10256515A1 (de) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-07-29 | Tesa Ag | Antistatisches Haftklebeband |
US6843815B1 (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-01-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive articles and method of abrading |
US7195658B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-03-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Antiloading compositions and methods of selecting same |
US7121924B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2006-10-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same |
US7150770B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-12-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article with tie layer, and method of making and using the same |
US7150771B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-12-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article with composite tie layer, and method of making and using the same |
US20050282029A1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2005-12-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymerizable composition and articles therefrom |
US20060026904A1 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Composition, coated abrasive article, and methods of making the same |
US8287611B2 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2012-10-16 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods for making same |
US7591865B2 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2009-09-22 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method of forming structured abrasive article |
TWI321099B (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2010-03-01 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Abrasive article having reaction activated chromophore |
US20060265966A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | Rostal William J | Abrasive articles and methods of making and using the same |
US20060265967A1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles and methods of making and using the same |
US7344574B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2008-03-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article, and method of making and using the same |
US7344575B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2008-03-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Composition, treated backing, and abrasive articles containing the same |
BRPI0614000B1 (pt) | 2005-06-29 | 2017-11-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive product, reticulated resin, curable composition, abrasive product preparation process and abrasion process |
JP4504902B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-28 | 2010-07-14 | ヒタチグローバルストレージテクノロジーズネザーランドビーブイ | 薄膜磁気ヘッドの製造方法 |
US20070096315A1 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Ball contact cover for copper loss reduction and spike reduction |
US8435098B2 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2013-05-07 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article with cured backsize layer |
EP2010796B1 (de) * | 2006-04-04 | 2016-06-01 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Infrarotgehärtete schleifartikel und herstellungsverfahren |
US20080070030A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Static dissipative articles |
CN101939140B (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2012-11-28 | 圣戈本磨料股份有限公司 | 低腐蚀磨料制品及其制备方法 |
DK2125984T3 (da) * | 2007-01-23 | 2012-04-02 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Coatede slibeprodukter, der indeholder aggregater |
EP2231365B1 (de) | 2007-12-06 | 2014-08-20 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Schleifkörper und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
US20100011672A1 (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Kincaid Don H | Coated abrasive article and method of making and using the same |
EP2307519A4 (de) * | 2008-07-22 | 2014-02-05 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Beschichtete schleifprodukte mit aggregaten |
AU2009313815A1 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-20 | Saint-Gobain Abrasifs | Acrylate color-stabilized phenolic bound abrasive products and methods for making same |
US8871331B2 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2014-10-28 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Anti-loading abrasive article |
IT1404101B1 (it) * | 2010-09-30 | 2013-11-08 | Napoleon Abrasives S P A | Abrasivo flessibile con un supporto combinato |
MX349465B (es) | 2010-12-30 | 2017-07-31 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Agregados abrasivos recubiertos y productos que los contienen. |
US9168638B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2015-10-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces |
EP3072639B1 (de) | 2011-12-31 | 2019-07-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Schleifartikel mit ungleichmässiger verteilung von öffnungen |
US9321947B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2016-04-26 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces |
MX353248B (es) | 2012-03-16 | 2018-01-05 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Productos abrasivos y metodos para el acabado de superficies. |
US8968435B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-03-03 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive products and methods for fine polishing of ophthalmic lenses |
US9221151B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-12-29 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles including a blend of abrasive grains and method of forming same |
TWI589404B (zh) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-07-01 | 聖高拜磨料有限公司 | 基於向日葵圖案之經塗佈的研磨製品 |
CN107427991B (zh) | 2015-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | 带涂层磨料制品及其制备方法 |
WO2019207415A1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article |
WO2019207417A1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article |
US11602822B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2023-03-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive article and method of making the same |
EP3863799A1 (de) | 2018-10-09 | 2021-08-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Behandelter träger und beschichteter schleifgegenstand damit |
WO2020128708A1 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive articles and methods of making coated abrasive articles |
US20220080554A1 (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2022-03-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles and methods of making and using the same |
WO2021074756A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coated abrasive articles and method of making the same |
EP4171877A1 (de) | 2020-06-30 | 2023-05-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Beschichtete schleifartikel sowie verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung davon |
US20230405766A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2023-12-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making a coated abrasive article and coated abrasive article |
EP4355530A1 (de) | 2021-06-15 | 2024-04-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Beschichteter schleifartikel mit biologisch abbaubarem wärmehärtendem harz und verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung davon |
WO2023180880A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable composition, coated abrasive article containing the same, and methods of making and using the same |
WO2023180877A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable composition, treated backing, coated abrasive articles including the same, and methods of making and using the same |
WO2023225356A1 (en) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive assembly with abrasive segments |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004466A (en) * | 1931-04-28 | 1935-06-11 | Du Pont | Abrasive |
US2404207A (en) * | 1940-06-29 | 1946-07-16 | United Cotton Products Company | Abrasive belt |
US3062633A (en) * | 1958-12-30 | 1962-11-06 | Norton Co | Electrically conductive organic bonded grinding wheel |
GB900867A (en) * | 1959-07-27 | 1962-07-11 | George Conrad Riegger | Sandpaper |
US3168387A (en) * | 1959-11-17 | 1965-02-02 | Donald R Adams | Abrasives |
US3163968A (en) * | 1962-12-31 | 1965-01-05 | Roscoe E Nafus | Graphite coated abrasive belts |
US3367851A (en) * | 1964-04-09 | 1968-02-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Non-woven conductive paper mat |
US3377264A (en) * | 1964-11-03 | 1968-04-09 | Norton Co | Coated abrasives for electrolytic grinding |
US3942959A (en) * | 1967-12-22 | 1976-03-09 | Fabriksaktiebolaget Eka | Multilayered flexible abrasive containing a layer of electroconductive material |
US3619150A (en) * | 1969-09-22 | 1971-11-09 | Borden Co | Abrasive article and nonloading coating therefor |
AU6740074A (en) * | 1973-04-03 | 1975-10-02 | Garth Samuel Mcgill | Pressure plate covering material |
US3992178A (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1976-11-16 | Fabrika Ab Eka | Flexible coated abrasive with graphite outer layer |
USRE29808E (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1978-10-24 | Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Indutrie Christiansen & Co. | Hollow body grinding materials |
DE2813258C2 (de) * | 1978-03-28 | 1985-04-25 | Sia Schweizer Schmirgel- & Schleifindustrie Ag, Frauenfeld | Schleifkörper |
US4347104A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1982-08-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Moisture-insensitive electrically-conductive paper |
JPS58177270A (ja) * | 1982-04-07 | 1983-10-17 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | 研削体 |
US4696835A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1987-09-29 | Rockwell International Corporation | Process for applying an electrically conducting polymer to a substrate |
JPS61152373A (ja) * | 1984-12-25 | 1986-07-11 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 合成樹脂研磨材 |
US4652275A (en) * | 1985-08-07 | 1987-03-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Erodable agglomerates and abrasive products containing the same |
US4826508A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1989-05-02 | Diabrasive International, Ltd. | Flexible abrasive coated article and method of making it |
US4909901A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1990-03-20 | James River Corporation | EMI and RFI shielding and antistatic materials and processes for producing the same |
US5254194A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1993-10-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive sheet material with loop material for attachment incorporated therein |
US5061294A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1991-10-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article with conductive, doped, conjugated, polymer coat and method of making same |
US4973338A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1990-11-27 | Carborundum Abrasives Company | Anti-static and loading abrasive coating |
US5108463B1 (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1996-08-13 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Conductive coated abrasives |
US5232468A (en) * | 1990-02-13 | 1993-08-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive products bonded with color stabilized base catalyzed phenolic resin |
US5137542A (en) * | 1990-08-08 | 1992-08-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive printed with an electrically conductive ink |
US5236472A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-08-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive product having a binder comprising an aminoplast binder |
US5256170A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-10-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated abrasive article and method of making same |
US5250085A (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1993-10-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Flexible bonded abrasive articles, methods of production and use |
-
1992
- 1992-08-11 US US07/928,845 patent/US5328716A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-07-20 DE DE69304924T patent/DE69304924T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-20 WO PCT/US1993/006803 patent/WO1994004317A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-07-20 EP EP93917286A patent/EP0653974B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-20 CA CA002139497A patent/CA2139497C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-20 JP JP6506263A patent/JPH08500298A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994004317A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
JPH08500298A (ja) | 1996-01-16 |
CA2139497A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
EP0653974A1 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
DE69304924T2 (de) | 1997-04-10 |
US5328716A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
CA2139497C (en) | 2004-09-21 |
EP0653974B1 (de) | 1996-09-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69304924T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines beschichteten schleifmittels mit einem leitenden träger. | |
DE69300916D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beschichteten Schleifmittels. | |
DE69801032D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Gegenstandes mit einem Polysilsesquioxan | |
DE69321228D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit kieselsäure beschichteten teilchen | |
DE69023976D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiterbauelementes mit einem T-Gate. | |
DE69209896T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung degradierter Beschichtung auf einem Substrat | |
DE69308587D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von durchsichtigen säure-ätzungsbesändigen beschichtungssystemen | |
DE69030497D1 (de) | Verfahren zur beschichtung von substraten mit einem photoresistlack | |
DE3483413D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines zusammengesetzten bauteiles. | |
DE69529942T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiterbauelements mit einem kapazitiven Element | |
DE69001201T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer lackschicht "japanischer art". | |
DE69333099D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiter-Bauteils mit zylindrischer Elektrode | |
DE68905525D1 (de) | Verfahren zur formung eines polytetrafluoroethylen enthaltenden fuellstoffs. | |
DE69232451T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anordung mit einem Diamant-Metall Übergang | |
DE69204538D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Beschichtungsfilms. | |
DE69110286T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines überzuges. | |
DE69316916D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators verbunden mit einem pfropfcopolymer | |
DE69512298T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Diamanten beschichteten Gegenstandes | |
DE69208109T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Trägers mit einer supraleitenden Schicht | |
DE3860765D1 (de) | Verfahren zum beschichten eines stuetztraegers mit einem kunstharzgebundenen reibbelag. | |
DE59201852D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines stiftes. | |
DE69314312D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polymer | |
DE69428880T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung beschichteter teilchen | |
DE58902090D1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit einem praegemuster versehenen metallischen endlosbandes. | |
DE69301322D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohres mit schädlingsabweisender Beschichtung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition |