DE4306786C1 - Chirurgischer Manipulator - Google Patents

Chirurgischer Manipulator

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Publication number
DE4306786C1
DE4306786C1 DE4306786A DE4306786A DE4306786C1 DE 4306786 C1 DE4306786 C1 DE 4306786C1 DE 4306786 A DE4306786 A DE 4306786A DE 4306786 A DE4306786 A DE 4306786A DE 4306786 C1 DE4306786 C1 DE 4306786C1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
hand
distal
bowden cables
human
movement
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Expired - Fee Related
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DE4306786A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Daum
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Mri Devices Daum 19061 Schwerin De GmbH
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Individual
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Priority to DE4306786A priority Critical patent/DE4306786C1/de
Priority to DE4326618A priority patent/DE4326618C2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4306786C1 publication Critical patent/DE4306786C1/de
Priority to JP6041783A priority patent/JPH06262549A/ja
Priority to EP94200424A priority patent/EP0613762A1/de
Priority to US08/206,450 priority patent/US5599151A/en
Priority to US08/963,084 priority patent/US5813813A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/0009Gripping heads and other end effectors comprising multi-articulated fingers, e.g. resembling a human hand
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/74Manipulators with manual electric input means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/02Hand grip control means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J3/00Manipulators of master-slave type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/104Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00318Steering mechanisms
    • A61B2017/00323Cables or rods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0042Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping
    • A61B2017/00438Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping connectable to a finger
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0042Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping
    • A61B2017/00442Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping connectable to wrist or forearm
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/74Manipulators with manual electric input means
    • A61B2034/741Glove like input devices, e.g. "data gloves"

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen mechanischen Manipulator zum Arbeiten in unzugänglichen Gebieten und Hohlräumen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.
In der neueren endoskopisch arbeitenden Minimal Invasiven Chirurgie, aber auch in vielen Bereichen der Technik ist es oft schwierig, in unzugänglichen Bereichen handgerecht zu arbeiten. Es sind daher viele Apparaturen entwickelt worden, um spezielle Greif- und Hantierarbeiten auszuführen. Der Nachteil dieser Spezialwerkzeuge ist jedoch, daß diese Geräte immer wieder beim Voranschreiten der Operation ausgewechselt werden müssen. Es wäre daher von Vorteil, in unzugänglichen Bereichen mit einer verkleinerten künstlichen Hand arbeiten zu können.
Die Erfindung widmet sich dem Problem, dem Operateur einen Manipulator zu schaffen, der
  • - die Bewegungen des menschlichen Armes mit Hand und Fin­ gern direkt aufnimmt und diese direkt an,
  • - eine der Form und Funktion nach gleiche Einheit weitergibt, die
  • - sich durch enge Kanäle, wie den Trokaren der heutigen Minimal Invasiven Chirurgie, in das Operationsgebiet schieben läßt, dort handgleich agiert,
  • - auch palpiert - und dabei,
  • - einfach aufgebaut, so daß er leicht tragbar ist.
Hand-Manipulatoren sind bereits aus der Zeitschrift "Die Technik", 19. Jahrgang, Heft 2, Februar 1964, Seiten 92 bis 96 bekannt. Jedoch ist ein handgerechtes geschicktes Agieren mit den genannten Vorrichtungen nicht möglich. Genau dieses fehlt jedoch einem Chirurgen, der mit der heutigen Methode der Minimal Invasiven Chirurgie durch Trokare hindurch operieren will. Eine Vorrichtung zum Greifen bei endoskopischen Operationen wurde in US 50 25 778 vorgestellt. Diese weist einen proximalen Bedien-, einen distalen Ausführ- und einen Übertragungsteil auf. Jedoch sind hier die Han­ tierfunktionen auf Greiffunktionen beschränkt. Zur Bedienung des Gerätes muß der Chirurg seine Finger in eine nicht natür­ liche Stellung bringen. Diese bewußte Handlung schränkt ihn in seiner Vorgehensweise ein.
Anhand folgender Figuren soll die hier vorgelegte Erfindung erläutert werden:
Fig. 1 Vorrichtung in Gesamtansicht,
Fig. 2 Prinzip der Bewegungsübertragung anhand eines Fingers mit Ausschnittsbildern zur Verdeutlichung der Winkelbezeichnungen sowie
Fig. 3 Vorzugsbauform der Halterung als Handschuh mit eingelassenen Bowdenzügen,
Fig. 4 Ansatz zweier Fäden an einem distalen Finger,
Fig. 5 Bowdenzugansatz zur Aufnahme der Drehbewegung der Hand um die Längsachse des Unterarmes,
Fig. 6 a - Verkleinerung der menschlichen Handbewegung mittels einer pantographischen Einrichtung, b - Erzeugung und Bewegungsablauf einer nichtlinearen Übersetzung und c - Beispiel einer menschenhandfremden Spezial­ anwendung,
Fig. 7 Gelenk einer besonders kleinen distalen Vorrichtungsextremität und
Fig. 8 Ansatz der Bowdenzüge an der Fingeroberseite.
Der Anspruch 1 soll in den ersten vier Figuren erläutert wer­ den.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Gesamtdarstellung einer möglichen Form der Vorrichtung gezeigt. Sie besteht aus der Halterung 1 für die menschliche Extremität Unterarm 2, Handkörper 3 und den fünf Fingern 4, 5, 6, 7 und 8 mit Einzelgliedern. Die Halterung l ist hier als eine Art Gummihandschuh ausgeführt, die paßgenau die menschliche Extremität aufnimmt und deren Bewegung leicht und ohne zu behindern mitmacht. Weiterhin besteht die Appara­ tur aus der distal gelegenen Extremität 9, die aus entspre­ chenden Gliedern, nämlich dem Unterarm 10, Handkörper 11 und den fünf Fingern 12, 13, 14, 15 und 16 aufgebaut ist. Diese entsprechen ihrer Form und Funktion nach der menschlichen Extremität. In einem starren Kanal 17′ und 17′′ liegen die Drähte 18, die mit ihren proximalen Enden 19′ beweglich an den Gliedern 20 der gummiartigen Halterung 1 und mit ihren distalen Enden 19′′ beweglich an den Gliedern 20′′ der dista­ len Extremität befestigt sind. Über ein weiter unten beschriebenes Koppelglied 21 wird die Richtung und Weglänge der durch die menschliche Hand bewegten Drähte 18 an die Erfordernisse der distalen Extremität angepaßt.
Da die Glieder der proximalen Extremität direkt und mecha­ nisch über ein Koppelglied miteinander verbunden sind, kann durch Bewegen eines Gliedes der menschlichen Extremität das entsprechende distale Glied bewegt werden. Wird in Fig. 1 z. B. der Handkörper 3 gegen den Unterarm 2 in Richtung Rückhand hochgebeugt, so wird der Draht 22 in seine Hülle 23 geschoben - Bowdenzug -. Diese Bewegung wird im Koppelglied 21 auf die Gegebenheiten der distalen Hand angepaßt, so daß das distale Ende 22′′ den distalen Handkörper 11 durch Ziehen an diesem gegen den distalen Unterarm 10 beugt.
Die distale Hand kann durch diesen Bewegungsmechanismus so zusammengelegt werden, daß diese mit dem vorderen Teil des Kanals 17′′ durch einen Trokar 24 an bzw. in das Operations­ gebiet geschoben werden kann.
Die Bewegung des Oberarms gegen den Unterarm ist in diesem Beispiel nicht gezeigt. Die Bowdenzüge können verschiedene Dimensionen aufweisen. So kann es ratsam sein, dickere Züge für die Übertragung der Bewegung größerer menschlicher Glied­ maßen und dünnere für die Übertragung kleinerer zu benutzen. Ebenso können verschiedene Materialien wie Metalle oder Kunststoffe genutzt werden. Es kann z. B. sinnvoll sein, Kunststoffe wie PTFE (Teflon®) oder Werkstoffe mit ähnlich geringen Reibungskoeffizienten zu nutzen, um das Gleiten der Züge in den Hüllen zu optimieren.
In Fig. 2 soll der Übertragungsmechanismus näher erläutert werden. Dargestellt ist ein menschlicher Finger 4° mit dem Fingerendglied 25°, dem Fingermittenglied 26°, Fingergrund­ glied 27° und dem entsprechenden Mittelhandteil 28°. Der Fin­ ger paßt in die hier nicht als Gummihandschuh ausgeführte Halterung 29, die aus entsprechenden Gliedern 25′, 26′, 27′ und 28′ sowie aus Gelenken 30 besteht. Am distalen Ende befindet sich der zur besseren Darstellung zu groß gezeich­ nete Vorrichtungsfinger 4′′ mit entsprechenden Gliedern 25′′, 26′′, 27′′ und 28′′. Anders als bei der Bewegungsübertragung in Fig. 1 laufen die proximalen Endteile 31′ der Drähte hier nicht frei über die Hohlhand, sondern direkt in die am Nach­ barglied befestigte Hülle 32, mit der sie eine Art Bowdenzug bilden. Am distalen Finger verlaufen die distalen Teile 31′′ der Drähte teils in den Fingergliedern. Ebenfalls anders als in Fig. 1 ist der Kanal als nicht starr angenommen, was durch den kurvenartigen Verlauf 35′′ des Drahtes im distalen Teil 34′′ angedeutet ist. Aus Gründen der besseren Übersicht wird nur ein Draht gezeigt.
Beugt nun der Operateur sein Fingerendglied 25 gegen sein Fingermittenglied 26 , so beugen sich auch die entsprechenden Glieder 25′ und 26′ um deren gemeinsames Gelenk 33′, da die Halterung die Fingerbewegung ohne Behinderung mitmacht. Der proximale Übertragungsdraht 34′ wird dadurch in eine Bowden­ zughülle 35′ geschoben. In dem Koppelglied 21 wird durch ei­ nen Hebel 34′′′ die Bewegungsrichtung des Drahtes umgedreht. Dadurch kann nun am distalen Finger das Fingerendglied 25′′ gegen das Fingermittenglied 26′′ um das gemeinsame Gelenk 33′′ gebeugt werden.
Der vom proximalen Teil 34′ des Drahtes zurückgelegte Weg läßt sich über den Cosinussatz mit den im Teilbild 1 der Fig. 1 gezeigten Größen bestimmen. Diese ergeben sich aus dem Abstand b′ der Drahtbefestigung zum Drehpunkt 33′, dem Abstand a′ der am Nachbarfingerglied befestigten Hüllenöff­ nung zum Drehpunkt und dem Beugungswinkel Y′. Entsprechende Größen a′′, b′′ und y′′ sind im Teilbild 11 für die distale Seite gezeigt. Über die Abstände a′′, b′′, a′ und b′ sowie die der Koppelstange c′′ und c′ läßt sich das Winkelübertra­ gungsverhältnis γ′′/γ′ einstellen, welches für die meisten Anwendungen gleich 1 sein wird.
Zur Verdeutlichung der Winkelbeziehungen wurde in Fig. 2 eine Halterung mit Gelenken und daher eindeutigen Drehachsen gewählt. Die in Fig. 3 gezeigte Vorzugsbauform stellt jedoch den nur anhand eines Fingers dargestellten Handschuh dar, in dessen Gummimaterial die Bowdenzüge eingelassen sind. Die Drähte 31′ sind dann beweglich z. B. an Achsen 72 oder mit hier nicht gezeigten Kugelgelenken an fest in den Handschuh eingelassenen Gelenkhalterungen 73′ befestigt. Der Vorteil dieser Art Halterung ist die paßgenaue Form für die mensch­ liche Extremität sowie die leichtgängige Bewegbarkeit.
Es muß darauf hingewiesen werden, daß der Aufbau des distalen Fingers aufgrund dessen Kleinheit durch einfach zu erstellen­ de Teile erreicht wird. Weitere Bowdenzüge können für das seitliche Spreizen der Finger untereinander benutzt werden.
Anhand des Gelenkes 36 eines distalen Fingers soll in Fig. 4 gezeigt werden, daß statt der Drähte auch zwei Fäden 37 und 38 genutzt werden können. Die zu den Fäden gehörenden Hüllen 39 und 40 sind ober- und unterhalb eines Fingergliedes 41 angebracht. Durch das Lockern des Fadens 37 und Anziehen des Fadens 38 wird das Fingerglied 42 um das Gelenk 36 gebeugt und umgekehrt. Entsprechende Teile zur Fadenzugaufnahme kön­ nen sich dann auch an den entsprechenden proximalen Gliedern der Vorrichtung befinden.
Fig. 5 zeigt die Aufnahme der Drehbewegung der menschlichen Hand 43 um die Achse 44 des Unterarmes 45 mittels zweier Bow­ denzüge. Dabei enden die Hüllen 46 und 47 an dem Armteil 48 der Halterung und die sich auf dem Unterarm 45 kreuz enden Züge 49 und 50 am Handteil der Halterung. Wird nun die Hand 43, vom Unterarm 45 aus gesehen, entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn in gezeigter Pfeilrichtung gedreht, so wird der Zug 50 in seine Hülle 47 geschoben und der andere 49 aus seiner 46 gezogen. Entsprechende distale Drehbewegung kann durch umgekehrt kreuzend verlaufende Drähte zwischen Vorrichtungs­ unterarm und -hand erreicht werden.
Anhand der Fig. 6 soll die in Anspruch 2 dargelegte Idee erläutert werden. Dem Anspruch 2 liegt das Problem zugrunde, die verschiedenen Größenverhältnisse der menschlichen Hand des Operateurs auf die der Vorrichtungshand zu übertragen. Das Problem kann zum einen dadurch gegeben sein, daß die Vor­ richtungshände andere Dimensionen aufweisen. Zum anderen kann das Problem aus dem Wunsch herrühren, spezielle Handbewegun­ gen verändert wirken zu lassen. Ein Beispiel hierzu wäre das übermäßige Kippen des Fingerendgliedes gegen das Fingermit­ telglied mit einem Winkelübertragungsverhältniss von z. B. γ′′/γ′=2, während die anderen Gelenke ein winkelgetreues Ver­ hältnis von γ′′/γ′=1 aufweisen. Die in Anspruch 2 dargelegte Lösung dieses Problems nutzt die Technik von Hebeln und Stan­ genkonstruktionen nach Art eines Pantographen.
Das Anpassen der Weglängen ist schon an dem Hebel 34′′′ in Fig. 2 erläutert worden. Eine andere Bauweise hierzu zeigt
Fig. 6a. Zwei Bowdenzüge 52 und 53 sind mit ihren Hüllen 52a und 53a verbunden. Die Drähte 52b und 53b sind drehbar und - anders als bei Hebel 34′′′ der Fig. 2 - gleichseitig zum Drehpunkt 55 an der Koppelstange 54 angebracht, so daß hier keine Wegrichtungsänderung auftritt. Wird nun Draht 52b aus seiner Hülle 52a heraus-, so wird Draht 53b in seine Hülle 53a hineingeschoben. Das Verhältnis der Wegänderung des Drah­ tes 52b zu Draht 53b ergibt sich z. B. aus dem Strahlensatz unter Kenntnis der variabel einstellbaren Koppelstangenab­ griffe n und m.
Fig. 6b zeigt das Wesen des pantographischen Mechanismus in deutlicherer Form. Es handelt sich um ein Übertragungsglied mit drei Koppelstangen 56, 57 und 58 und nichtkonstanter Win­ kelübersetzung (γ′′/γ′ ≠ konstant, siehe Teilbilder I und II der Fig. 2). Dies ist exemplarisch an vier Bewegungsstadien s1, s2, s3 und s4 der Bewegung verdeutlicht. In den Stadien s1 und s2 wird durch konstantes Voranschieben des Drahtes 59 auch der Draht 60 vorangeschoben. Ab Stadium s3 dreht sich jedoch dann die Bewegungsrichtung des Drahtes 60 um, obwohl Draht 59 weiter konstant vorangeschoben wird, Stadium 4. Es ist daher möglich, für spezielle Operationen gezielte Bewe­ gungsabläufe zu steuern, die für die menschliche Hand nicht erreichbar wären. Hierfür ist in Fig. 6c beispielsweise auch das Umklappen der Vorrichtungshand 61 um einen für die Men­ schenhand unnormalen Winkel gezeigt.
Durch solche Übersetzungsglieder sowohl durch die Wahl der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Abstände a′ und b′ der proximalen sowie a′′ und b′′ der distalen Glieder ist es möglich, aus einem viel­ seitigen einen speziell einsetzbaren Manipulator zu machen.
Anspruch 3 soll anhand des Folgenden sowie an Fig. 7 erklärt werden. In der Medizintechnik müssen Geräte meist so beschaf­ fen sein, daß sie sterilisierbar sind. Materialien halten z. B. in den zu diesem Zweck genutzten Heißdampföfen (Autokla­ ven) die Temperaturen oder die Luftfeuchtigkeit nicht aus oder es müssen Geräte auseinandergebaut werden, damit auch alle verborgenen Hohlräume gereinigt und anschließend steri­ lisiert werden können. Dies Problem läßt sich für die hier vorgestellte Vorrichtungshand dadurch umgehen, daß dieser Hand, ähnlich der menschlichen Chirurgenhand, ein gummiela­ stischer Handschuh übergezogen wird. Dieser kann dann nach der Operation weggeworfen werden. Die Vorrichtungshand selbst braucht dann nur noch desinfiziert zu werden.
Für besonders kleine distale Extremitäten kann ein gummiela­ stischer Überzug auch als Gelenk dienen. Fig. 7a und -b zeigt dies an zwei Gliedern 62 und 63. Diese sind mit einem an ihrer Unterseite aufgeklebten, etwas stärkeren Gummistück 64 verbunden. Der besagte gummielastische Überzug 65 umhüllt beide Glieder 62 und 63 und andere. Beim Vorausschieben des Drahtes 66 weicht Glied 63 dem erzeugten Druck dadurch aus, daß es sich, an dem aufgeklebten Gummistück 64 haltend, gegen Glied 62 beugt, Fig. 7b. Die dabei gespannte Gummihülle kann dann durch Entspannen das Glied 63 wieder in seine Ausgangs­ lage zurückziehen, Fig. 7a.
Anhand der Fig. 8 soll Anspruch 4 erläutert werden. Bei den in Fig. 1 und 5 gezeigten freilaufenden Drähten 18, 49 und 50 kann ein seitliches Ausscheren der Drähte und somit ein Über­ tragungsfehler auftreten. In Fig. 8 ist nun ein menschlicher Finger 40 gezeigt, dessen Bewegung des Fingermittengliedes 67 gegen das Fingergrundglied 68 mittels eines Gelenkes 69 und eines auf dem Finger liegenden Bowdenzuges 71 vorgenommen wird. Der Draht 70 ist im freilaufenden Teil mit einer Spi­ ralfeder 74 ummantelt, die den Draht ohne auszuscheren sicher in dessen Hülle 75 leitet.

Claims (4)

1. Mechanische Hand-Manipulatorvorrichtung zum Arbeiten in unzugänglichen Gebieten und Hohlräumen, mit einem direkt an der menschlichen Extremität ansetzenden und deren Bewegung mitmachenden proximalen Teil, einem sich durch eine enge Öff­ nung schiebbaren distalen Teil, und einem die Bewegung über­ tragenden Teil, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der distale Teil seiner Form- und Funktion nach wie eine menschliche Extremität wirkt und aus beweglich miteinander verbundenen Gliedern besteht, die je ein Gegenstück eines Gliedes des als paßgenaue Halterung der menschlichen Extremi­ tät ausgeführten proximalen Teils darstellen, und der Über­ tragungsteil aus Drähten bzw. Fäden - Bowdenzügen - besteht, die je ein Glied des proximalen mit einem des distalen Teils verbinden und beweglich an diesen Gliedern befestigt sind.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegung der Drähte und Fäden mittels Hebel oder pan­ tographisch arbeitenden Einrichtungen in ihrer Wegrichtung und -länge verändert werden können.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die am distalen Ende befindliche Vorrichtungsextremität einen gummielastischen Überzug bzw. eine auswechselbare gum­ mielastische Hülle tragen und daß dieser Überzug bzw. diese Hülle auch als Gelenk dienen kann.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einfahren der Drähte in die Hüllen der Bowdenzüge durch Spiralfedern unterstützt werden kann.
DE4306786A 1993-03-04 1993-03-04 Chirurgischer Manipulator Expired - Fee Related DE4306786C1 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4306786A DE4306786C1 (de) 1993-03-04 1993-03-04 Chirurgischer Manipulator
DE4326618A DE4326618C2 (de) 1993-03-04 1993-08-07 Manipulatorhand
JP6041783A JPH06262549A (ja) 1993-03-04 1994-02-17 外科用マニピュレータ
EP94200424A EP0613762A1 (de) 1993-03-04 1994-02-18 Chirurgischer Manipulator
US08/206,450 US5599151A (en) 1993-03-04 1994-03-04 Surgical manipulator
US08/963,084 US5813813A (en) 1993-03-04 1997-11-03 Surgical manipulator

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DE4306786A DE4306786C1 (de) 1993-03-04 1993-03-04 Chirurgischer Manipulator

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US (2) US5599151A (de)
DE (1) DE4306786C1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4310842A1 (de) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-06 Viktor Dr Med Grablowitz Vorrichtung für die Durchführung von minimal invasiven Operationen
EP0683016A1 (de) * 1994-05-18 1995-11-22 D.T.I. Dr. TRIPPE INGENIEURGES. mbH. Trägersystem aus in ihrer Raumform beliebig einstellbaren Rüsseln
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EP0640319B1 (de) * 1993-07-29 1997-06-04 Ethicon, Inc. Manipulierbare laparoskopische Hand
EP0683016A1 (de) * 1994-05-18 1995-11-22 D.T.I. Dr. TRIPPE INGENIEURGES. mbH. Trägersystem aus in ihrer Raumform beliebig einstellbaren Rüsseln
EP0688538A1 (de) * 1994-06-24 1995-12-27 United States Surgical Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausführen einer chirurgischen Aufgabe bei laparoskopischen Eingriffen
US5716352A (en) * 1994-06-24 1998-02-10 United States Surgical Corporation Apparatus and method for performing surgical tasks during laparoscopic procedures
US5807376A (en) * 1994-06-24 1998-09-15 United States Surgical Corporation Apparatus and method for performing surgical tasks during laparoscopic procedures
DE102021205698A1 (de) 2021-06-07 2022-12-08 Bauerfeind Ag Medizinisches Hilfsmittel oder Sporthilfsmittel, umfassend einen Bowdenzug

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US5599151A (en) 1997-02-04

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