DE2856558C2 - Arrangement for eddy current-induced acceleration of small masses and dust - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an electromagnetic accelerator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Conventional electromagnetic accelerators work continuously, using the principle of Linear motor absorbs the kinetic energy of masses made of electrically conductive material in long acceleration distances raise.

Such an accelerator is known from DE-OS 24 60 507, for example projectiles consisting of electrically conductive material designed as a runner of an electric linear motor, whose stand consists of a plurality of electromagnetic coils arranged one behind the other along the tube is formed, which generates a traveling magnetic field running towards the mouth of the pipe are excitable.

A disadvantage of such a device is that the regulation of the coils is very difficult, is complex and costly In addition, the dimensions of the device are large. In addition, must A large amount of energy, dust or small, is constantly fed to coils over a long period of time Particles in the μΐτι range cannot with one and same structure can be accelerated. The maintenance effort is high.

Particles of the latter category can be separated by means of electrodynamic or electrostatic effects accelerate.

The underlying physical principle of such accelerators is the preamble of claim 1 with electrodynamic high-speed switches for switching high currents on or off in DC or AC systems (ETZ-B, Vol. 14, Issue 19, 1962) known. A guided metal plunger pushes open there a contact lever. The force necessary to move the lever is generated by the discharge a charged capacitor via a coil that is attached in front of the plunger.

From this prior art, the object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive and relatively simple one To create an arrangement for acceleration, with which it is possible to remove dust or small particles in the μιη range and Accelerate liquid droplets and generate shock waves in liquid and solid media.

This object is achieved for small mass particles with the characterizing features of claim 1, the generation of shock waves takes place with the features characterized in claim 11.

Advantageous refinements and developments are characterized in the subclaims

The advantages of the arrangement are the small dimensions, the simple structure, the simple Handling as well as operational safety. The energy required to operate the arrangement only needs once, before acceleration, to be saved,

no energy needs to be withdrawn from an external energy source during acceleration.

Apart from a switch (13), no control mechanism or a other influencing of the arrangement is required

Nevertheless, the reaction part (3) or the mass particles (4) each time to the same, desired Top speed accelerated

Since there is no liquid or gaseous medium to transfer the energy to the accelerator Mass is required, there is also no contamination. The accelerator therefore also works under extreme environmental conditions, such as high or low Temperatures and in a vacuum.

The arrangement characterized in the claims is can be used for the following purposes:

1. Acceleration of blunt bodies with accelerations of up to 5 · 10 ⁺⁷ g for simulation or separation purposes (centrifuge).

2. Simulation of cometary dust in the speed range from 1 to 100 m / sec under high vacuum conditions.

3. Cold refilling (fuel supply) of fusion plasmas in fusion reactors.

4. Pre-acceleration or injection of masses into other particle accelerators (gradation principle).

5. Due to its reproducible operation in the entire speed range between 1 and approx. 1000m / sec use as a measuring standard in speed measurement technology (e.g. for Doppler radar measuring devices).

6. Can be triggered quickly and with an accuracy of 1 μ5βο Atomization of small liquid masses (e.g. water or oil droplets).

7. Control of active switching in the μδβΰ-ΒβΓείοη Valves (gases, liquids, electricity) with high power requirements.

8. Generation of shock waves in solids, liquids or gases.

9. Dynamic material testing similar to drop hammer tests. There are opposite here however The drop hammer devices have much higher increases in force (50 kN in 5 μ5εο or equivalent drop heights of 50 km!).

10. Generation of μϊεο light flashes of high intensity.

Further details of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawing Embodiment ·: explained in more detail. It show · so

F i g. 1 shows the electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the acceleration arrangement; Acceleration of the disk-shaped reaction parts made of conductive material;

F i g. 2 a conically wound coil; F i g. 3, a spiral wound coil;

F i g. 4a and 4b each have a wound (meander-shaped) coil;

F i g. 5a to 5e 5 arrangements showing the developments laid down in claims 1-14 sketch.

The acceleration of the reaction part (3) takes place as follows (see Fig. 1):

A capacitor battery (2) is discharged in a low-inductance and low-resistance circuit via a coil (1) (= primary coil). The discharge current shows a sinusoidal curve with attenuation. The change in time of the magnetic flux generated by the coil (1) induces a current in a reaction part (3) (= secondary coil) placed concentrically directly in front of the coil Current of the primary coil in the most favorable case the phase shift π. Both currents are then directed in opposite directions at every moment and repel each other. This axially acting force accelerates the reaction part (3). The coil (1) itself is wound cylindrically, conically or spirally. The coil wire (8) for the cone-shaped coil is particularly soft-annealed copper tape, which is insulated with shrink tubing.The coil body (9) is made of nylon or another, electrical non-conductive, but tensile and tough material. The coil windings are cast in the coil body or simply inserted. If the coil wire is thicker than the wall, this coil body can be dispensed with. (See Figs. 2, 3, 4a and 4b.) If the coil (1) is extremely loaded, the coil windings are cast as bare copper tape directly in lead or in Wood's metal without electrical insulation. The short-circuit current flowing in the lead coil body can be tolerated.

With a given coil geometry, the axial force acting on the reaction part is proportional to the Product of flowing currents; the acceleration of the reaction part is inversely proportional to its Dimensions. Since the current induced in the reaction part depends on the electrical conductivity of the material, The quotient of electrical conductivity and density of the reaction part can be used as a factor for the acceleration view characteristic value:

m ρ
where mean:

F force acting on reaction part (N)

/ 77 accelerated mass of the reaction part (kg) K conductivity of the material of the

Reaction part (A / V)

ρ spec. Density of the reaction part (kg / m ³ )

The advantageous use of aluminum results from the following comparison:

Material of
Reaction part Al

Steel Au Cu Ag Ms

* - ΙΟ " ³
P.

13.3 1.34 2.3 6.3

Fig.5a illustrates the acceleration of small Mass particles (4) through the reaction part (3). The particles adhering to the surface are accelerated and continue to fly freely after the braking of the reaction part on the baffle plate (5). To this end, the Impact plate (5) an opening is provided through which the particles can freely pass through the impact plate (5).

F i g. 5b shows an arrangement for generating shock waves in liquids or gases (14), which are not electrically conductive. The arrangement is used to simulate strongly accelerated bodies

(including vehicles) in the media. A reaction part (3) which penetrates the tank (17) serves as a shock wave generator the coil (1) is suddenly accelerated from a rest position.

FIG. 5c illustrates an arrangement for the direct generation of shock waves in electrically conductive ones Liquids or gases (6). There is no force transmitter here, for example according to the arrangement of FIG. 5b needed.

5d shows an embodiment of the invention for generating shock waves in electrically conductive,

solid bodies (7). These can take over the functions of a pressure conductor.

F i g. 5e shows the structure for two-stage acceleration. The first coil (1) accelerates the reaction part (3) in the direction of the second coil. If the reaction part (3) passes the second coil, where current is sent through it, the reaction part (3) is further accelerated (post-accelerated). This enables a higher final particle speed to be achieved and a softer acceleration of the reaction part (3).

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (14)

Patent claims: 1. Arrangement for acceleration by means of an electromagnetic coil (1), which its energy from the surge discharge of a previously charged capacitor battery (2) and that in one electrically conductive reaction part (3), which is located on the geometric coil axis before acceleration located, induced eddy currents, characterized in that on the coil facing away from Side of the reaction part (3) are small mass particles (4) and that after the acceleration the reaction part (3) is slowed down by a baffle plate (5), which the small mass particles (4) can pass through an opening in it unhindered (Fig. t, 5a). 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil (I) consists of a coil wire is wound, which is cast in an electrically non-conductive bobbin (9) 3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil (1) has the geometric shape of a cone and is wound in a self-supporting manner from a coil tape (8) (FIG. 2). 4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the non-insulated coil tape (8) in corresponding grooves of an electrically non-conductive bobbin (9) is inserted. 5. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the coil body (9) is made of a material with a lower electrical conductivity than that of the material of the non-insulated Bobbin tape (8). 6. Arrangement according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the reel tape (8) is hollow and is cooled from the inside. 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the reel tape (8) is wound in a meandering shape (Fig. 4a and 4b). 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coil (1) has a the second coil faces the reaction part (3) accelerated by the coil (1) instead of the The baffle plate (5) brakes electromagnetically. 9. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that in the reaction part (3) from electrical not or only poorly conductive material short-circuit rings are embedded. 10. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction part (3) in a liquid (14) in which it generates shock waves during the shock discharge (Fig. 5b). 11. Arrangement for acceleration by means of an electromagnetic coil (1), which its energy from the surge discharge of a previously charged capacitor battery (2) and that in one electrically conductive reaction part (3), which is located on the geometric coil axis before acceleration located, induced eddy currents, characterized in that the reaction part (3) has a fixed, is pasty or liquid, electrically conductive mass in which the surge currents are induced (Fig. 5c). 12. The arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that acting as a reaction part solid mass is a pressure conductor (7) which is mounted in front of the coil (1) on its geometric axis (Fig.5d). 13. Arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the pressure conductor (7) from electrically poor or non-conductive material and one or more short-circuit turns made of electrically conductive material. 14. Arrangement according to one of claims 3-8, characterized in that the reaction part (3) is accelerated successively by two coils (1) (Fig. 5e).