DE1403467A1 - Control and monitoring device for single and multi-stage piston, rotary and turbo compressors - Google Patents

Description

Control and Monitoring Device for Single- and Multi-Stage Piston Rotary and Turbo Compressors The invention relates to an arrangement of control and regulating devices for the fully automatic monitoring of piston, rotary and turbo compressors. There are already known compressors in which the dropout regulation is carried out by pressure switches> d. H. that depending on the compressed air requirement of the compressor or. is switched off. Such a device has the advantage that when idling power is required the lubricating oil and the cooling water are saved during the idle time and a deterioration in the power factor of the engine is prevented. However, it has the technical part that, in order not to let the number of circuits become too high, the difference between the riia .- # zi, tial and the minimum pressure must be selected to be large or that with a low switching differential an extraordinarily large wind-1: essol required i., jiru '. Furthermore, in times of high pressure consumption the -! "A-chtei.1- results in the downtimes being so short that they are only a disturbing interruption the mechanical funI: tion and an unnecessary inanspi-uchnalu.ia der Represent electrical switching devices, thus an effective rm lic.ho. Saving in businesses does not occur. Fornor is familiar with the principle of idle speed regulation din 2 delivery of the compressor by closing the Satigstutzens at , -, simultaneous relief of the pressure port with the help of the 71) is performed. With reciprocating compressors , # and Iier valve spindle ., he I the suction valve plates were cut off using Grei-.L # e # ür # -beuerurig to fetch. D (- #. V 3inbau von 1 "'. Anoitio-berii is used to monitor the pressure in the Iti the i'L'egel (-Iie control, of the oowie the Tc "rfi.percLti-ir the Hoch- und Uleder- the Ter # ipeL, -, # i-ti-ir of the cross-head guide, the Hauptlagrer, (leus Öltilfl.la-Lifs u1-1 (1 dor Ölrtieri, gj # -e by constantly present com- pressor attendant. Experience has shown that, in spite of ongoing »monitoring, mechanical operational safety is often not guaranteed, since in particular constant temperature monitoring at several points by one person is impossible and therefore corresponding damage cannot be detected in good time.

With increasing temperatures in the high or low pressure stage of rotary or piston compressors, it is not possible to determine immediately or only after a detailed examination » whether this is due to defective valve plates, an interruption or reduction in the cooling water circulation or increased cooling water temperature.

The invention is based on the object »# by means of a combination of contact manometers 34, thermostats or contact thermometers 35, water or oil flow switches or flow electrodes or photoelectric light barriers 12 and 28, the automatic compressor control and monitoring both in the station itself and in all other ways suitable permanently manned operating points, e.g. B. dispatcher room, operational security, switchboard, workshop, etc. to ensure automatically without any manual operation. This is not only intended to bring about a saving in labor, but also, in particular, to increase the mechanical operational reliability of compressor stations at the same time. Furthermore, the use of case flaps Relay "allows the jew. Deleterious monitoring bodies coupled in Steuerotromkreie, the delimitation of any disturbance occurring in so far is as by visual display on the case flaps relay visible whether the cooling water supply is interrupted, exposing the oil lubrication, unacceptable increases in temperature to the bearings and entered at the high or low pressure stage AEI nd ", etc. According to the invention the object is achieved in that all the monitoring members (contact thermometer, Kontaktmanometerg oil float switch, optionally fan flow and water flow-through, with the jeweil s associated drop indicator relay) connected in series in Stiuerstromkreis of the compressor are to be switched on.

Further, the possibility e is by incorporating a Detriebsartenwahlschalters - u x-planar, individually in position l'Entriegelt11 each Ci compressor as required to drive fully automatically to ride in the position "locked" two or more compressors are controlled automatically ( It should be noted here that, depending on the amount of free air required, controlled by contact pressure gauges and time relays, one, two or more Ve: # Dichter can be switched on or off automatically), and in the "Off" position, all compressors are connected to the electrical network - to be disconnected, i.e. to be switched off g On the intercooler, a thermostat or electrical contact thermometer, if possible with permanently fused contacts , is to be installed in the provided theniiometer pocket, which is set to a certain temperature and when this maximum temperature is reached, the compressor switches off via the corresponding drop flap relay.

The temperature monitoring of the high and low pressure stage is ensured by installing thermostats or contact thermometers - if possible with permanently melted contacts - in the provided thermometer pockets, which are located on both the high and low pressure stage. When the set maximum temperature is reached, the compressor is switched off via the corresponding drop flap relay.

The temperature monitoring of the main bearings is ensured by installing thermostats or contact torque meters, if possible with permanently melted contacts - in thermometer pockets to be provided on a bearing shell. When the set maximum temperature is reached, the compressor is switched off via the associated Pall valve relay.

For compressors with cross-head trajectory for temperature monitoring is a thermostat or contact thermometer - nit possible firmly fused contacts - installed on the rib of the Kreuzhopfführung. When the set maximum temperature is reached, the compressor is switched off via the corresponding drop flap relay. To monitor the valves in reciprocating compressors, a contact thermometer with lower and upper value contact is installed on the low pressure side of the compressor instead of the Zoriaalinanometer which is usually present there. Underpressure switches off the compressor. A negative or positive pressure according to - At malfunction If a valve plate in the low-pressure or high-pressure part enters into the low pressure stage - and on the connected there contact thermometer. With one or two machine operation - mostly in small systems - an optical and acoustic warning, which is also triggered by the contact manometer, may suffice to indicate defective valve plates. This is advantageous in that the compressor or compressors can remain in operation until the production process can be reorganized accordingly. Each valve plate can also be monitored separately by attaching a thermostat or contact thermometer to the valve plate.

The cooling water circulation in piston and rotary compressors is to be monitored by installing a water flow electrode or a float-controlled water flow switch or a water flow meter at the cooling water outlet in the conduit pipe, which are only put into operational readiness by the timer in the starter device after the compressor has started up. In the event of malfunctions in the cooling water circulation , i. H. If the flow of cooling water is interrupted, the compressor is switched off via the associated drop flap relay. The cooling water supply line is opened with the aid of a Hu'mag valve when the compressor is started up and closed when it is shut down.

With engine lubrication, the oil circulation is controlled by an oil flow switch or a contact manometer which replaces the manometer that is usually planned to be used is monitored.

If the Schmierstoffzu.L'Uhruilg interrupted or 'ck below the Elindestdru so done # * # * ipc shutdown Airstream of the compressor via the corresponding drop indicator relay.

In compressors with drip oilers, a photocell control, coupled with a timing element, which disconnects the control circuit if the drip oiler does not work beyond the permissible time difference, can be used to monitor the proper puncture of the same will. In order to make it possible to refill the lubricant at longer intervals, an additional container with the largest possible capacity, depending on the type of compressor, must be assigned to the existing lubricant container. (This applies to both cylinder and engine lubrication). The lubrication to .-, L, -L '-' supply is monitored by attaching a float-controlled switch to the container, which switches off the compressor via the associated drop flap relay in the event of a lack of lubricant.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described.

Fig.: 1: shows the circuit diagram of an automatically controlled and remotely monitored compressor system, consisting of 2 piston compressors, Fig. 2: shows the circuit diagram for the same system. #Z In Fig. 1 (circuit diagram): Pos .: 1 and 16: Auxiliary contactor (switches compressors in the event of a fault from, the impulse for this is given by the monitoring organization) 2 2 and 22 ': Mains contactors (with thermal and short-circuit release) 3 and 23: star-delta contactors 4 and 24: Time relay for star-delta contactors (3 or 23) 5 and 25: Kora # pressor drive gates 6 and 17: Time relay with dropout delay 7 and 19: contactors with üieria. Release for solenoid Relief velitil -Li. 21: Auxiliary contactors (are used to switch off the active Signals / horn) 9 SQhwirmerges-driven switch on the lubricant additive container 10 package switches (changeover switch with the switching positions "Locked" , "Off" 9 "Bntriep" elt11) 11 n.2G: 'llul) na, r', net for relief valve 12 and 2ä: water flow switch 13 and 27: Elektror..1 "ipiietvent; I, (# _- 'KU.111vW! 2ser kü; r 14 and 20: Auxiliary contactors for signaling pos. 15 Time relay with pick-up delay (switches off the compressor II if the pressure in the pressure vessel rises above 6.8 at for more than 10 minutes) 29 t Signal horn (for fault) 30: Signal lamps (for running control and fault) 18: Auxiliary contactor (serves to switch on the compressor II via contact manometer) 31 and 32: Contact manometer 33 z drop flap relay (visual indicator) 34 : Contact manometer 35: Thermostat or contact thermometer (serves to monitor the bearings, high and low pressure level, etc.) 36: Time relay with pick-up delay (readiness relay for additional compressor) Compressor I works as a base load compressor, while compressor II is to be regarded as an additional compressor. Between the base load and the additional compressor, a fake switch must be provided which enables both compressors to be operated fully automatically in the block in the "locked" position, each compressor to be operated individually as required in the "unlocked" position, and both compressors to be disconnected from the Net3 in the "off" position. so switch off.

It should be noted that the most appropriate according to the size of the compressor Starting device is to be selected for the automatic connection or disconnection, z. B. more automatic Motor protection star-delta switch or, for larger units, a contactor self-starter or a roller self-starter with auxiliary motor drive.

The starting device takes over the overload protection of the drive motor, by providing it with an appropriate thermal safety release.

The short-circuit protection can either be from the starting device or from a magnetic one Quick release or by the upstream fuses.

Compressor I works continuously as a base load compressor. Compressor II is automatically switched on or off as an additional compressor depending on the compressed air requirement. If a fault occurs on a running compressor, e.g. B. Failure of the cooling water, interruption of the lubricant supply or excess temperature in the high pressure stage, etc .. automatic shutdown takes place, which is visually and acutely reported to the monitoring points (workshop operating protection, etc.) for the purpose of troubleshooting. The respective drop flap relay 33 shows immediately at which point the fault has occurred, which means that repair times will be considerably shortened.

The commissioning and decommissioning of the system is so simplified that it can be done by anyone.

Pressing the "On" pushbutton causes the mains contactor 2 to be switched on, closes the self-holding contact of the same and opens the break contact for the signal system. The help protection 14 for the signal system is ready for operation. Furthermore, the relief valve 11 and the cooling water valve 13 open. The opening of the cooling water valve causes the water flow monitoring switch 12 to close. In addition, the timer 4 is activated and switches the Y, 8 contactor 3 and the motor from star to delta after startup. This closes the relief valve and ends the automatic start-up. The compressor works normally on the pressure vessel and the compressed air network. Depending on the size of the compressed air network, the required working pressure - in the present case 6.5 atmospheres - is reached within a certain period of time. The readiness relay 369, consisting of a time relay with a pick-up delay, switches on and thus the compressor II is ready for operation. If the compressed air pressure drops - due to additional air extraction - in the pressure vessel below 6 atm, the contact manometer. 32 switches on the compressor II.

The compressor I now works in parallel with the compressor II on the compressed air network. Compressor I regulates between 6.5 and 7.0 atmospheres, Compressor II controls between 6.4 and 6.9 atmospheres - if the compressed air consumption decreases, the pressure in the boiler or in the compressed air network increases. When the set pressure of 6.9 atmospheres has been reached, the additional compressor II runs idle, which causes the pressure to drop. If the pressure rises longer than the allotted time -z. B. 10 minutes over 6.9 atmospheres - so the compressor II switches off via the contact manometer 31, coupled with time relay 15 . The cooling water valve 27 closes and the relief valve 26 is raised until the time set on the time relay 17 has expired. This enables the compressor II to run out empty. The compressor I now works only so long until either by increased removal or exhaust circuit as a result of disruption of the compressor II is switched automatically.

To shut down the system, the package switch 10 must be switched to "Off".

If the power consumption is limited, the additional compressor can be blocked by a timer during peak load times. Monitoring the lubricant feed takes place by means schwimmergesteuertem switch 9 on the lubricant additive container -The Kühlwasserzuflußkontrolle done in Ausführungebeispiel means Wasserdurchflußschalter 12 and 28. The cooling water temperature, the temperature of the main bearings and the crosshead web, the temperature of the low and high pressure level is monitored by means of Thermoastaten 35 . Contact thermometers are also suitable for this purpose. However, you should only use those with permanently fused contacts, since they offer greater shock and vibration resistance.

To monitor the valves, contact thermometers 34 are to be provided on the low pressure stage, which switch off when a certain lower or upper pressure limit is reached - in the exemplary embodiment 191 at lower g 2.2 at upper pressure limit.

The cooling water pump runs independently of the compressors by means of a float system and pumps the cooling water into the circuit, in which it flows naturally to the compressors Gradient runs freely. The pump switches itself on. A second cooling water pump is expediently set up as a reserve and thus interlocked with the first pump that the standby pump switches on automatically in the event of a fault.

All monitoring organs are connected in series in the control circuit and switch when faults occur at the same time advertisement the respective compressor and, if necessary, the additional compressor by means of a drop flap relay to.

Claims (2)

Claims: 7pi "» .-, control and monitoring device marked for single and multi-stage piston, rotary and turbo compressors due to the combination of contact pressure gauges and thermostats depending on the type of compressor or contact thermometers, liquid flow monitors, photoelectric light barriers or flow electrodes and solenoid valves in the relevant control circuit is arranged accordingly. 2. Control and monitoring device for single and multi-stage piston, rotary and turbo compressors according to claim 1, characterized in that each individual element of the combination is assigned a drop flap relay with a visual indicator at the monitoring location. 3. Control and monitoring device for single and 4iehrstufige piston, rotary and turbo compressors according to claim 1, characterized in that »that fall flap, control, auxiliary and time relays and voltage-p ammeters and the contact manometer for the pressure-dependent supply and Switch off the compressors in a control and monitoring cabinet. 4. Control and monitoring device for single and multi-stage piston q rotary and turbo compressor according to claim 1 characterized in that an optical control of the Verdichterg an optical and acoustic fault signaling, a remote display for the Betriebedruckg current and voltage and an optical and acoustic vacuum warning is provided.