DE102012100212A1 - Method for manufacturing hologram of optical device for illuminating spatial light modulator for stereoscopic display, involves directing exposure light at holographic recording material through optical waveguide - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves exposing holographic recording material (1) to photopolymer layer with exposure light (5,6). The exposure light is directed to enter the holographic recording material during the exposure of light through an optical waveguide (4), so as to generate hologram (2). The surface of the holographic recording material is coated before exposing the holographic recording material to optical waveguide. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) an optical device for illuminating pixel matrix and controllable spatial light modulator; and (2) an optical arrangement.

Description

The invention relates to a method in the production of a hologram for coupling out illumination light from a light-guiding layer of a, in particular planar, optical waveguide, wherein exposure of holographic recording material, in particular a photopolymer layer, takes place with exposure light.

The invention also relates to an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises an optical waveguide and a hologram for coupling out illumination light from the light guiding layer of the optical waveguide ,

Moreover, the invention relates to an optical arrangement, in particular a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, with such an optical device.

Displays with planar, planar light guides for backlighting a pixel matrix or a controllable, spatial light modulator are known in different embodiments. The use of a planar light guide for backlighting has the particular advantage that it can be made flat. The coupled into the planar light guide light is reflected at the interfaces of the light guide by total internal reflection and can thus propagate in the light guide. For decoupling in each case a part of the light propagating in the optical waveguide in the direction of a pixel matrix, for example an LCD matrix, it is possible, for example, to provide impurities or a coupling-out grating at one of the interfaces.

Out WO 2004/109380 A1 For example, a scanning backlighting apparatus for a flat panel display is known. In this device, the light is reflected by matrix-like LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) by means of a cylindrical mirror in the thick end of a wedge-shaped, substantially flat light guide. Of the light propagating in the optical waveguide, in each case a part is coupled out with the aid of a prismatic foil to illuminate an LCD element.

A device of the type mentioned, in which a holographic Auskoppelgitter is provided, for example, from the scientific publication "Short period holographic structures for backlight display applications", Roberto Caputo et al., OPTICS EXPRESS 10540, Vol. 17 , known.

Also from US 2004/0246743 A1 For example, there is known a flat display backlight device having a planar optical waveguide plate with a surface hologram. It is envisaged that the light of a light source propagates in the optical waveguide plate on the basis of total internal reflection and in each case a part of the light is coupled out with the surface hologram. To produce the planar hologram, the optical waveguide plate is first coated with a photosensitive material. Subsequently, the photosensitive material is exposed with two light beams, which meet at different angles of incidence on the photosensitive material and interfere there. Subsequently, developing or chemically treating the photosensitive material takes place. In order to achieve different decoupling properties at different points, it is provided, for example, to apply different patterns with rectangular holograms of different grating constants to the optical waveguide plate. In general, the wave fields can vary locally with respect to the intensity and direction of the wavefront normal.

It is the object of the present invention to specify a method which makes it possible to impose special optical structures on the light guide layer of a, in particular planar, optical waveguide for coupling out illumination light, in particular optical structures which do not merely cause an exclusive coupling out of the illumination light but give the coupled-out illumination light - depending on the application - special additional optical properties.

The object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is characterized in that at least part of the exposure light is directed to the holographic recording material during the exposure through the optical waveguide in order to produce or register the hologram in the holographic recording material.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that it is advantageous for a number of lighting situations when the coupled-out illumination light has optical properties adapted to the relevant lighting situation. For example, in displays provided for generating a holographic 3D reconstruction, it is advantageous if the coupled-out illumination light, with which a pixel matrix or a controllable spatial light modulator is illuminated, has spherical wavefronts, although this is coupled into the relevant light guide, preferably coherent, light-level wavefronts. This will de facto be a picture of the light source or a Focusing the light of the light source in a plane at which a user may be located reaches, wherein the radius of curvature of the wavefronts substantially corresponds to the observer distance to the controllable spatial light modulator.

For example, in order to achieve such an effect with the devices known from the prior art, expensive additional optics would have to be integrated into the lighting device or arranged downstream of it, if at all possible. The inventive method makes it possible to dispense with such additional optical components, because the hologram corresponding optical properties, such as lens properties, can already be impressed during production.

In this case, it was in particular recognized that the holograms to be produced can be impressed in a particularly simple and high-quality manner if, for the exposure, the light paths are used at least in part, which later absorbs the illumination light. In this case it can be provided that the exposure light propagates in the same direction as later the illumination light. However, depending on the application, as will be shown in more detail below, it may also be advantageous if the exposure light follows the later illumination light path in the opposite direction.

The fact that according to the invention the exposure light is not only directed from the free half-space on the holographic recording material, but can also hit from the side of the recording material on which the optical fiber is located, can be generated in the exposure interference pattern with the from the State of the art known production methods are not produced.

Holograms produced by the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for decoupling, in particular coherent, illumination light from an optical waveguide which has a light-guiding layer in which illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, is guided between two substantially mutually opposite reflection surfaces. However, it is also conceivable that the hologram itself forms one of the reflection surfaces and additionally acts as decoupling means, which in each case decouples a part of the light striking the reflection surface from the light guide.

In a particular embodiment, it is provided that the holographic recording material is attached directly to the optical waveguide before exposure and / or that a decoupling side of an optical waveguide before the exposure to the holographic recording material, in particular over the entire surface, is coated. The coating can be carried out in particular in such a way that the recording material is provided as a layer on a carrier layer and the carrier layer-free side is connected by gluing or by its own adhesion forces with the optical waveguide. After bonding, the carrier layer can be removed.

Deviating from this, it can also be provided that the holographic recording material is attached directly to the optical waveguide after exposure and / or after complete production of the hologram and / or that a decoupling side of an optical waveguide is coated after exposure with the exposed holographic recording material, in particular over its entire surface becomes.

In particular for decoupling applications in which the decoupled illumination light should have spherical wavefronts, it is advantageous if the optical waveguide and the holographic recording material are moved relative to each other for exposure in an exposure position, which differs from the later relative position of the two components (z. B. in the lighting position) differs.

For example, it can be provided that the optical waveguide and the holographic recording material are moved relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, which differs from the later illumination position, in which the two components are spent after exposure, that the optical waveguide relative to the holographic Recording material is rotated in each case by 180 ° about two mutually perpendicular axes. In particular, it can be provided that the optical waveguide and the holographic recording material are spent after the exposure relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position such that the light path for the illumination light or the propagation direction of the illumination light in the illumination position the opposite light path for the exposure light or opposite corresponds to the propagation direction of the exposure light in the exposure position and / or that the beam paths for the illumination light and the exposure light are at least partially mirror-symmetrical to each other.

By such embodiments can be achieved that the running on the reverse and / or mirrored light path illumination light converges, because at least a part of the Exposure of light used previously divergent.

In the production of such a hologram, a divergent exposure beam, which is brought into interference with another exposure light beam, preferably passes through the two reflection surfaces to the holographic recording material. In the illumination position, the decoupled illumination light follows the inverted-that is, convergent-light path, with the result that the light coupled into the optical waveguide with plane wavefronts has spherical wavefronts after being coupled out. In particular, it may be provided that the recording material is exposed in such a way that the resulting transmission hologram has different outcoupling angles at different locations, in particular has outcoupling angles which increase towards the edge.

In particular, it may be provided that the hologram is produced as a transmission hologram and / or as a holographic grating, in particular a holographic volume grating. In addition, it can be provided that further optical components or functions are also imprinted in the hologram. By way of example, it is also possible to imprint a reflection grating which ensures that part of the illumination light incident on the hologram from the light-guiding layer is reflected back into the light-guiding layer. It is also possible to form the hologram for decoupling as a reflection grating that reflects from the light guide layer incident on the hologram illumination light at an angle such that it is after passing through the light guide layer by the other reflection layer of the optical waveguide, for example, because the critical angle of total reflection is exceeded, exit.

In a particular embodiment, it is provided that the optical waveguide, a light guide layer, in the illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite reflecting surfaces is feasible, and that the holographic recording material on a, in particular according to the principle of and the at least part of the exposure light is directed through the other reflection surface to the holographic recording material during the exposure.

Alternatively or additionally, it may also be provided that the optical waveguide has a light-guiding layer in which illumination light, in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, can be guided between two essentially mutually opposing reflection surfaces and at least part of the exposure light during exposure through one of the reflection surface different launch surface, in particular an end face of the optical waveguide is directed therethrough to the holographic recording material and / or that the optical waveguide has a Einkopplungsstelle for coupling the illumination light and that at least a portion of the exposure light is directed during the exposure through the coupling-in point to the holographic recording material. In such embodiments, the resulting hologram is particularly well matched to the propagation direction and the optical properties of the, particularly coherent, illumination light because it propagates along the same light path as at least part of the exposure light used in the fabrication of the hologram.

In one embodiment, which enables the production of highly precisely matched holograms, first exposure light is directed to the holographic recording material through two reflecting surfaces during exposure, while second exposure light, which is coherent with the first exposure light, passes through a coupling point of the optical waveguide for the illumination light directed to the holographic recording material. In this case, advantageously, the first illumination light and the second illumination light originate from the same light source in order to achieve the coherence necessary for generating a stable interference pattern.

In particular, in order to additionally impose a lens characteristic on the hologram, as already mentioned, it can be provided that at least part of the exposure light has a curved, in particular spherical, wavefront in the region in which it acts on the holographic recording material. For the same purpose, it may alternatively or additionally be provided that the recording material is embodied and exposed in such a way that when the illumination light with a planar wavefront is coupled in, the coupled-out illumination light has a spherical wavefront. In this case, the illumination light could be coherent.

The exposure can, for example, be carried out sequentially in several exposure steps. In particular, it is also possible for the exposure to take place sequentially in a plurality of exposure steps, wherein the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide, together with the holographic recording material, is changed between the exposure steps. In this case, it may be provided, in particular, that the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide, together with the holographic recording material, between the Exposure steps is changed, while the position and / or orientation of at least one exposure light source or exposure light source images, preferably all exposure light sources, and / or the exposure beam path remains unchanged. In other words, the illumination light field directed to the holographic recording material remains unchanged.

The recording material can be detached from a carrier film and applied to the optical waveguide in order to avoid possibly interfering influences of the carrier film during the exposure process. For this purpose, for example, the holographic recording material together with the carrier film can be applied to the optical waveguide. Subsequently, the carrier film can be detached from the holographic recording material, for which purpose the holographic recording material and the carrier film should be designed such that the attractive force between optical waveguide and holographic recording material is greater than the attraction between holographic recording material and carrier film. In particular for multi-color applications, ie for applications in which the illumination light has different components, each with different wavelengths, the hologram can advantageously have a plurality of individual holograms for the individual components of the illumination light. In particular, the hologram can advantageously be produced as a hologram for the three primary colors (red, green, blue), that is to say as an RGB hologram. In particular, it may be provided for this purpose that a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced as the recording material, wherein an exposure of the individual layers (simultaneously or sequentially) preferably takes place after the stack has been produced. The subsequent exposure of a previously prepared layer stack has the particular advantage that a complex subsequent stacking already finished exposed individual holograms and introduced by the process of the necessary bonding of the finished exposed individual holograms mechanical stresses and deformations is avoided.

After the production of a recording material in the form of a layer stack, the exposure of the individual layers of the stack can be carried out in each case with exposure light having a wavelength for which the respective layer is sensitive. It is particularly advantageous if the layers each consist of recording material which is insensitive to exposure for as long as it is not activated. In particular, it can be provided that the recording material can be activated in each case by applying light which has at least one activation dose. In this way it can be ensured that only the layer which is to be exposed is reliably exposed. This is because the exposure light destined for one layer is unable to activate an adjacent layer.

It may be provided, in particular, that a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced as the recording material, the next layer being first applied to the stack and then a carrier film connected to this layer being removed.

An optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises an optical waveguide and a coupling device produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 hologram has illumination light from the light guide layer of the optical waveguide, may inter alia have the advantage that can be largely dispensed with additional optical components for guiding and / or focusing the decoupled illumination light. This is particularly because the hologram, as already described, additional optical properties can be impressed. As a result, the optical device for illuminating can in particular be designed to be particularly flat.

In a particular embodiment of the optical device, the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide have an angle different from zero degrees with respect to one another. It can be provided in particular that the light-guiding layer of the light guide is wedge-shaped. This has the advantage that the angle of incidence of the light propagating within the light guide layer changes or increases as it encounters the reflection layers with increasing number of reflections, which increases the probability of outcoupling the further the light propagates away from the coupling point. This compensates for the fact that the absolute amount of light of the light propagating away from the coupling-in point decreases because light is coupled out with each hitting the hologram. As a result, a homogeneous decoupling light output is achieved over the entire outcoupling surface of the light guide.

Of course, alternatively, it may also be provided that the optical waveguide is a planar optical waveguide and / or that the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide are aligned parallel to one another. In order to achieve a homogeneous Auskoppellichtleistung over the entire surface of the light guide in such an embodiment, can be provided be that the Auskoppelgrad the hologram from the coupling point increases away. This optical property can also be imprinted into the hologram during production.

As already mentioned, in addition to its coupling-out function, the hologram can be designed to perform further functions. For example, it may be advantageously provided that at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is formed by the hologram and / or that at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is formed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror. However, it can also be provided that one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide is designed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and wherein the other of the reflection surfaces in the light-guiding layer (light-guiding layer) reflects light according to the principle of total internal reflection.

According to a preferred embodiment, the recording material is formed in such a way and was exposed such that when coupling illumination light with a planar wavefront, the coupled-out illumination light has a spherical wavefront. The illumination light could be coherent.

As already mentioned, an optical arrangement, in particular a display, in particular stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, with an optical device according to the invention according to one of claims 12 to 16 be installed such that the optical device directly with a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator connected, in particular glued, is. In a particular embodiment, the optical device is arranged parallel to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, in particular glued. The optical device could also be layered. Versions of this type have the very special advantage that on the one hand they can be made particularly compact, in particular particularly flat. In addition, such embodiments have the advantage that they are particularly stable in themselves, because the individual layers stabilize each other.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the method described here for producing a hologram can be combined with the production method for a hologram, which is described in the applications DE 10 2011 076 945 . DE 10 2011 051 213 or DE 10 2011 084 379 is described. Therefore, the disclosure of these applications is fully incorporated herein.

In the drawing, the subject invention is shown schematically and will be described with reference to the figures below, wherein the same or equivalent elements are usually provided with the same reference numerals. Showing:

1 the step of exposing in a first embodiment of the inventive method in the production of a hologram for coupling out illumination light from an optical waveguide,

2 the mode of operation of an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator with the hologram produced according to the first embodiment,

3 the step of exposing in a further embodiment of the method according to the invention in the production of a hologram for coupling out illumination light from an optical waveguide and

4 the operation of an optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator with the hologram produced according to the further embodiment.

1 shows the step of exposing holographic recording material 1 in a first embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a hologram 2 for decoupling illumination light from an optical waveguide 4 where the exposure light 5 . 6 during exposure through the optical fiber 4 through to the holographic recording material 1 is steered. A coupling-out side of the optical waveguide 4 was exposed to the holographic recording material before exposure 1 coated.

Specifically, the holographic recording material 1 with first exposure light 5 a first light source image 7 and with exposure light 6 a second light source image 8th illuminated. The two light source pictures 7 . 8th are generated by the same - not shown here - light source, namely a laser, which ensures that the first exposure light 5 and the second exposure light 6 are coherent to each other in the holographic recording material 1 to generate a time-stable interference pattern for the exposure.

The second exposure light 6 is with a lens 9 focused and reaches the holographic recording material 1 through the two reflection surfaces 10 and the intermediate light guiding layer 11 of the optical fiber 4 through as a convergent light beam. This serves the Purpose, the hologram to be produced 2 , which is produced as a transmission grating, in addition to impose another optical property, namely the property that as collimated light in the optical waveguide 4 coupled illumination light 3 in such a way that it converges after the decoupling (see 2 ).

As a result, in the subsequent use, for example, for illuminating a (not shown here) pixel matrix and / or a (not shown here) controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, a correct image of an illumination light source 12 into a viewer level 17 achieves what is in 2 is shown. The decoupled illumination light 3 has spherical wavefronts. 2 shows an optical device 13 for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device is the optical waveguide 4 and that according to the first embodiment according to 1 produced hologram 2 having.

In this embodiment, the optical waveguide 4 and the holographic recording material 1 relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, which also the illumination position of the two components relative to each other in the later use as an optical device 13 is. In such an embodiment, therefore, lends itself to the holographic recording material 1 before exposure to the optical fiber 4 applied.

Such a method of preparation is for smaller images of the second exposure light 6 Thus, for example, for smaller backlight devices simple and relatively inexpensive to carry out. However, in devices for illuminating larger scale, for example for displays with a screen diagonal of 50 cm and more, there is the disadvantage that a very large lens 9 or a comparatively large mirror optics would be needed to the diverging from the second light source image exposure light 6 suitable to focus. Optics in sizes that have a sufficient optical quality to expose a hologram, however, are very expensive to manufacture and therefore very expensive.

For the production of larger devices for lighting, therefore, offers the in 3 represented method.

At the in 3 The method illustrated is the holographic recording material 1 as well as in the 1 illustrated method with first exposure light 5 a first light source image 7 and simultaneously with second exposure light 6 a second light source image 8th illuminated. Here, the first exposure light passes 5 through the fiber optic cable 4 before going to the holographic recording material 1 arrives.

In this embodiment, the optical waveguide are located 4 and the holographic recording material 1 relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position, namely the position, in 3 is shown. After exposure, the optical fiber becomes 4 and the holographic recording material 1 relative to each other in a different from the exposure position illumination position, wherein the exposure position and the illumination position differ from each other that the optical waveguide 4 is rotated relative to the holographic recording material in each case by 180 ° about two mutually perpendicular axes. Concretely in relation to the figures the in 3 shown exposure position and the in 4 shown illumination position in that after exposure to the hologram 2 or the exposed holographic recording material 1 around a vertical axis lying in the plane of the drawing 15 rotated by 180 ° and that the optical fiber 4 around a horizontal axis lying in the plane of the drawing 16 rotated by 180 °. To the relative rotation of the optical waveguide 4 to the hologram 2 to better illustrate, became the optical fiber 4 in 4 around the horizontal axis in the drawing plane 16 shown rotated by 180 ° while the hologram 2 - apart from the rotation about the vertical axis 15 - has not experienced any further rotation. It goes without saying that you get to the same relative rotation of the components to each other, if instead of the optical waveguide 4 the hologram about the horizontal axis 16 turns 180 °.

For later use, the in 4 is shown, the illumination light passes 3 acting as a collimated light of a light source 12 in the optical fiber 4 was coupled after convergence converged. This is because it is the light path of the second divergent exposure light 6 in the reverse direction and within the fiber optic cable 4 each from mirrored opposite direction as the first exposure light 5 on the hologram 2 meets. The underlying principle is to reverse in the direction of reconstruction of one of the recording wave fields in its direction, thus achieving a reversal of the running direction of another, ie the reconstructed wave field.

To the light of the light source 12 to collimate, in both embodiments, a Kollimationsoptik 14 used.

The invention has been described with reference to a particular embodiment. However, it is to be understood that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2004/109380 A1 [0005]
• US 2004/0246743 A1 [0007]
• DE 102011076945 [0036]
• DE 102011051213 [0036]
• DE 102011084379 [0036]

Cited non-patent literature

• "Short period holographic structures for backlight display applications", Roberto Caputo et al., OPTICS EXPRESS 10540, Vol. 17 [0006]

Claims (18)

Method in the production of a hologram ( 2 ) for coupling out illumination light ( 3 ) from a light guiding layer ( 11 ) of a, in particular planar, optical waveguide ( 4 ), wherein an exposure of holographic recording material ( 1 ), in particular a photopolymer layer, with exposure light ( 5 . 6 ), characterized in that at least a part of the exposure light ( 5 ) during the exposure through the optical waveguide ( 4 ) to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is deflected in the holographic recording material ( 1 ) the hologram ( 2 ) to create. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic recording material ( 1 ) before exposure directly to the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is attached and / or that a coupling-out side of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) before exposure to the holographic recording material ( 1 ), in particular full surface, is coated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic recording material ( 1 ) after the exposure and / or after the complete production of the hologram directly on the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is attached and / or that a coupling-out side of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) after exposure to the exposed holographic recording material ( 1 ), in particular full surface, is coated. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hologram is generated as a transmission hologram and / or as a holographic grating, in particular holographic volume grating. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a. the optical fiber ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position and / or that b. the optical fiber ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are brought relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position, wherein the exposure position and the illumination position differ from each other in that the optical waveguide ( 4 ) relative to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is rotated about two mutually perpendicular axes in each case by 180 ° and / or that c. the optical fiber ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position such that the light path for the illumination light in the illumination position corresponds to the inverted light path for the exposure light in the exposure position and / or that d. the optical fiber ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other for the exposure in an exposure position and that subsequently the optical waveguide ( 4 ) and the holographic recording material ( 1 ) are moved relative to each other in a different illumination position from the exposure position such that the beam paths for the illumination light ( 3 ) and the exposure light ( 5 . 6 ) are at least partially mirror-symmetrical to each other. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical waveguide ( 4 ), a light guiding layer ( 11 ), in the illumination light ( 3 ), in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposite reflecting surfaces ( 10 ) and that the holographic recording material ( 1 ) on a, in particular on the principle of total internal reflection working, reflection surface ( 10 ) of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) and that at least part of the exposure light ( 3 ) during the exposure through the other reflection surface to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is directed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a. the optical fiber ( 4 ) a light guiding layer ( 11 ), in the illumination light ( 3 ), in particular according to the principle of total internal reflection, between two substantially opposing reflection surfaces ( 10 ) is feasible, and that at least part of the exposure light ( 5 ) during exposure through one of the reflective surfaces ( 10 ) different coupling surface, in particular a front side of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) and / or that b. the optical fiber ( 4 ) a coupling point for coupling the illumination light ( 3 ) and that at least a part of the exposure light ( 5 ) during exposure through the point of injection to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is directed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first exposure light ( 5 ) during exposure through two reflective surfaces ( 10 ) to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) and that at the same time second exposure light ( 6 ) of the same light source or the first exposure light ( 5 ) coherent during the exposure through a coupling point of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) for the illumination light ( 3 ) to the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is directed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least a part of the exposure light ( 6 ) in the area where it is incident on the holographic recording material ( 1 ), having a curved, in particular spherical, wavefront. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a. the exposure takes place in sequentially multiple exposure steps or that b. the exposure takes place in sequentially multiple exposure steps, wherein the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) including the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is changed between the exposure steps or that c. the exposure takes place in sequentially multiple exposure steps, wherein the position and / or orientation of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) including the holographic recording material ( 1 ) is changed between the exposure steps while the position and / or orientation of at least one exposure light source or exposure light source image, preferably all exposure light sources, and / or the exposure beam path remains unchanged. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, in particular for a multi-color application, a. the recording material ( 1 ) detached from a carrier film and onto the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is applied and / or that b. as recording material ( 1 ) a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced and / or that c. as recording material ( 1 ), a stack of at least two, spectrally different sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is prepared, wherein the respective next layer is first applied to the stack and then a support film associated with this layer is removed and / or that d. as recording material ( 1 ) a stack of at least two spectrally differently sensitive layers, in particular photopolymer layers, is produced, and in that subsequently the exposure of the individual layers of the stack is in each case carried out with exposure light ( 3 ) having a wavelength for which the respective layer is sensitive. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the recording material ( 1 ) is designed and exposed in such a way that when lighting light ( 3 ) with plane wavefront the decoupled illumination light ( 3 ) has a spherical wavefront. Optical device for illuminating a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator for a display, in particular a stereoscopic or holographic 3D display, wherein the optical device comprises an optical waveguide ( 4 ) and a hologram for coupling out illumination light ( 3 ) from the light guiding layer of the optical waveguide ( 4 ), characterized in that the hologram is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Optical device according to claim 13, characterized in that a. the reflection surfaces ( 10 ) of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) have an angle different from zero degrees to each other and / or that b. the light guiding layer ( 11 ) is wedge-shaped. Optical device according to claim 14, characterized in that a. the optical fiber ( 4 ) a planar optical waveguide ( 4 ) and / or that b. the reflection surfaces ( 10 ) of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) are aligned parallel to each other. Optical device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that a. at least one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is formed by the hologram and / or that b. at least one of the reflection surfaces ( 10 ) of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is designed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and / or that c. one of the reflection surfaces of the optical waveguide ( 4 ) is formed as a reflection grating or as a dielectric mirror and wherein the other of the reflection surfaces ( 10 ) in the light guiding layer ( 11 ) reflected light according to the principle of total internal reflection. Optical device according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the recording material ( 1 ) is designed and exposed in such a way that when lighting light ( 3 ) with plane wavefront the decoupled illumination light ( 3 ) has a spherical wavefront. Optical arrangement, in particular display, with an optical device according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that a. the optical device is connected, in particular glued, directly to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, and / or that b. the optical device is arranged parallel to a pixel matrix and / or a controllable spatial light modulator, in particular adhesively bonded thereto, and / or that c. the optical device is constructed in a layered manner.

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