DE102008041292A1 - Active unit for e.g. electric machine, has teeth fastened with teeth base via receiver openings, respectively, where part of electrical windings supports teeth that are positioned between teeth frames - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit has a return path element (1) extending along rotational direction (A) and including receiver openings (2) that run transverse to the rotational direction. Teeth (3) are fastened with a teeth base (4) via the receiver openings, respectively, and are extended to a joint clearance (L), where the teeth are supported by electrical windings (5). A part of the electrical windings supports the teeth that are positioned between teeth frames (8), where the electrical windings act around individual pole windings, which are arranged at the respective teeth.

Description

The The present invention relates to an active unit of an electric Machine. To the electric machines belong in the sense the present invention, electrical generators and in particular electrical Motors designed as rotary motors or linear motors can. Such an active unit comprises a return unit for the magnetic inference between the electromagnetic poles. The return unit extends in the direction and points in a generic Active unit receiving recesses, which are transverse to the direction of travel run. Furthermore, a plurality of teeth is provided, attached with their tooth root in the receiving recesses are and extend towards an air gap. numerous electrical windings (in particular Einzelpolwicklungen or groups Windings around several teeth) are each provided by a winding section a tooth or the winding sections of several teeth carried, thereby forming the poles of the electric machine are.

From the European patent EP 1 072 082 B1 is a construction of an electric machine with Einzelpolwicklungen known. Here, a first body is stacked constructed as a laminated core and a second body serves as a receiving body and is composed of at least two carrier segments. The carrier segments accommodate separately windable winding carriers in cavities. Between the releasably secured winding carriers, in each case a section of the carrier segments which adjoins adjacent winding carriers and thus limits the space available for the electrical winding extends.

From the publication DE 101 43 870 A1 is an active unit of an electric motor-operated device with Einzelpolwicklungen known. Several winding carriers are inserted into a receiving body. The receiving body consists of a base body, which is in communication with the motor axis and absorbs the forces occurring, as well as numerous holding elements which extend from the main body radially outward. The spaced-apart holding elements leave space free, in which in each case a winding support with the electrical winding arranged thereon can be used. The winding carriers are fastened with a foot region on the receiving body. Also in this configuration, individual teeth or poles of the motor are formed, with only every other tooth carrying an electrical winding, while between the wound teeth, the holding elements remain as non-wound teeth.

In electric machines, which are operated at high power, high heat losses occur, which must be dissipated as efficiently as possible from the electrical windings. Thereby, it is problematic to bring special cooling systems as close as possible to the electrical winding, without thereby impairing the electromagnetic properties of the motor. From the DE 196 04 643 B4 To solve this problem, a linear motor with integrated cooling is known, which has a primary part and a secondary part. In grooves of the primary part iron core, a rotor winding is arranged. In the iron core of the primary part also runs a cooling tube, which is flowed through by coolant. The cooling tube is inserted on the back surface of the iron core, which is opposite to the equipped with the rotor windings side. The heat dissipation from the rotor winding is impeded by the Wärmewider resulting from the material thickness of the iron core and the resulting heat transport path.

The Object of the present invention is an improved Active unit of an electrical machine to provide. In particular, will trying to improve the synchronization of the machine by the so-called cogging effects (cogging moments) are largely avoided become. The particular excited at permanent magnet motors occurring Cogging moments can be reduced if little or no Distances between those provided with an electrical winding Pole teeth remain. At the same time are intended by the invention the manufacturing costs are reduced, in particular by simplification the attachment of the electrical winding. A special goal In addition, it is the attachment of a cooling system to simplify and improve the cooling performance through improved To improve heat dissipation from the electrical windings.

The This object is achieved by an active unit according to the attached claim 1.

The Active unit according to the invention is characterized in particular characterized in that each of the teeth in one of the receiving recesses is attached and that at least all between not wounded teeth at least positioned teeth carry a part of the electrical winding.

An essential difference to the above-mentioned prior art is thus that between the wound teeth no passive teeth remain that do not carry electrical winding. A special role in linear motors take the edge teeth, which are net angeord at the end of the respective tread and possibly performed without electrical winding. The fact that all teeth in the Aufnahmeaussparun are fastened gene, the return unit can be particularly easy and save material manufacture, since no integrally formed with the return unit teeth are provided.

at In a first embodiment, the electrical windings are designed as several Einzelpolwicklungen, each tooth a own winding carries. A second embodiment instead uses group-wise electrical windings to several teeth, preferably at least three teeth each are wound (so-called meshed windings).

A particularly preferred embodiment of the active unit draws characterized by the fact that at the bottom of each receiving recess a extending axially across the width of the return unit Cooling tube groove is incorporated. In this cooling tube groove leaves It is very easy to use the receiving recess a cooling tube insert, so that elaborate threading of the cooling tubes can be dispensed with through holes. simultaneously remains a surface portion of the cooling tube accessible as a tooth contact section in the receiving recess, on which form fit the respective tooth root for heat transfer is coupled. This is a short heat transfer route from the electrical winding across the winding section of the tooth directly to the cooling tube. Of the Heat transfer can be achieved, for example, by using a Wärmeleitpaste be further improved. The cooling pipes, which into the Kühlrohrnuten in the receiving recesses are inserted, are part of a cooling system, which preferably flows through a cooling medium becomes.

It is particularly useful if all a Einzelpolwicklung carrying teeth detachable in the respective receiving recess are attached. That way is not only facilitates the assembly of the engine but it exists In case of maintenance or error, a possibility for easy Replacement of a single tooth whose electrical winding is defective or whose tooth head has been damaged.

at In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tooth tips the individual teeth in cross section wider than the winding section designed, in particular, with a width that results in a substantially closed tread leads.

The Windings can be done before the insertion of the teeth into the receiving recess by machine on the winding section be wound up. Also can be prefabricated coil packages be pushed onto the individual teeth, so that below the finished wound teeth in the receiving recess can be attached. In both cases leaves the available changing room is much better take advantage, which increases the performance of the engines can.

The z. B. composed of sheets of teeth in a modified embodiment on the side edges their tooth heads via a joint with each other be connected. Such connected groups of teeth become common inserted into the return unit after the windings have been applied to the individual teeth.

The Active unit according to the invention can be both to be used advantageously in linear motors as well as rotary motors. In general, an application in generators in question, what to those skilled in the art, although the invention is here is described essentially with reference to motors.

• – Bewegungsantrieb oder Dämpfungsbremse für eine Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere Drehmaschine und/oder Fräsmaschine;
• – Antrieb für eine Maschine zur Herstellung und Prüfung von elektronischen Bauelementen und/oder Leiterplatten;
• – Antrieb für Testturrethandler;
• – Antrieb für eine Maschine zur Bearbeitung von Wafern;
• – Antrieb für eine Druckmaschine, insbesondere zum Antreiben der Walzen;
• – Antrieb für eine Textilmaschine;
• – Antrieb für eine Glasbearbeitungsmaschine;
• – Antrieb für eine Behälterbefüllmaschine, insbesondere zum Antreiben von Zuführsternen, insbesondere beim Zuführen zum Verschließen der Behälter;
• – Antrieb für Separatoren, Pumpen, optische Messmaschinen und -systeme;
• – Antrieb für Haushaltsgeräte, insbesondere Waschmaschinen und Wäschetrockner;
• – Aktuatoren und Reaktoren in Automobilen und Fahrwerksanwendungen, insbesondere Stabilisatoren und Kupplungsaktuatoren, insbesondere parallele und serielle Hybridantriebe.

The active unit according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in motors which can be advantageously used in the following applications:

• - Motion drive or damping brake for a machine tool, in particular lathe and / or milling machine;
• - Drive for a machine for the production and testing of electronic components and / or printed circuit boards;
• - drive for test track handler;
• - drive for a machine for processing wafers;
• - Drive for a printing press, in particular for driving the rollers;
• - Drive for a textile machine;
• - Drive for a glass processing machine;
• - Drive for a container filling machine, in particular for driving feed star, in particular during feeding for closing the container;
• - drive for separators, pumps, optical measuring machines and systems;
• - Drive for household appliances, in particular washing machines and dryers;
• - Actuators and reactors in automobiles and chassis applications, in particular stabilizers and clutch actuators, in particular parallel and serial hybrid drives.

Further Advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the following Description of preferred embodiments, with reference on the drawing. Show it:

1 a simplified longitudinal sectional view of an active unit according to the invention, which is configured for a linear motor;

2 a side view of a conclusion unit of the active unit and a detailed view of a receiving recess;

3 a side view of several contiguous teeth of the active unit and a detailed view of a joint between the teeth;

4 a simplified perspective view of the active unit according to 1 ;

5 a simplified longitudinal sectional view of a modified active unit, which is configured for an external rotor rotation motor;

6 a simplified longitudinal sectional view of a modified active unit, which is configured for an internal rotor rotary motor.

1 shows a simplified view of a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of an active unit according to the invention, which can be used as an active unit of a linear motor used. The active unit has a return unit 1 , which consists of magnetically conductive material. Since the entire active unit extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in width, the return unit 1 For example, composed of numerous soft iron sheets or it consists of a compact material, as it comes for corresponding iron yokes used. In the return unit 1 are in a direction A more Aufnahmeaussparungen 2 arranged side by side. These recording cuts 2 are open to an upper side of the return unit and have for example a double dovetail-shaped cross-section.

The active unit also has a plurality of teeth 3 , each with a tooth root 4 into one of the receiving recesses 2 are used. The shape of the tooth base 4 is so the shape of the recording recess 2 adapted that a stable anchoring of the tooth 3 at the return unit 1 is possible, preferably without additional fasteners. Every tooth 3 carries in the illustrated embodiment has its own electrical winding 5 on a winding section 6 , Alternatively, several windings or winding sections can also be arranged on each tooth (if windings are used in groups). The winding 5 can preferably automatically on the winding section 6 be wound or as a prefabricated winding package on the winding section 6 be put on. The postponement of a prefabricated winding package on the winding section is easily possible because the tooth root 4 in cross-section not across the width of the winding section 6 protrudes.

Finally, own the teeth 3 one winding head each 7 which is part of a running surface of the active unit and lies substantially in the plane of an air gap L formed between the active unit and the passive unit of the motor. The tooth heads 7 are wider than the winding section in the illustrated embodiment 6 , This supernatant determines the available winding space. Preferably, the adjacent tooth tips adjoin one another substantially without a gap.

At the in 1 Shown embodiment are at the left and right ends of the active unit each edge teeth 8th provided, which carry no electrical winding and against the intermediate active teeth 3 have a modified head shape. In modified embodiments but are also on the edge teeth 8th electrical windings attached. In particular, this is required if the active unit is used for a rotary motor and is thus designed as a closed ring.

Out 1 is also evident that in the lower part of the recesses 2 one cooling tube groove each 10 is incorporated, in which a cooling tube 11 is inserted. In the example shown has the cooling tube 11 a circular cross section and is located approximately with half the cross section in the Kühlrohrnut 10 while the upper cross-sectional half of the cooling tube as a tooth contact portion 15 acts and in a complementary recess in the tooth root 4 intervenes. The cooling tube 11 thus has a flat contact both to the return unit 1 as well as to the respectively attached tooth root 4 , In this way, a good heat transfer from the teeth and the return unit on the cooling tube and a guided in this cooling medium is ensured.

For attachment of the active unit to a machine frame (not shown) are fastening means 12 intended.

2 shows the return unit 1 in a side view without attached teeth. The individual recording savings 2 are in the distance of the motor poles in the return unit 1 brought in. Between the recording openings 2 can be the top of the return unit with clearances 13 Be provided after mounting the electrical windings 5 lie opposite, allowing an immediate investment of the winding on the return unit 1 is avoided. This serves for electrical insulation and the prevention of wear and unwanted hum.

The detailed representation X in the 2 clarifies a possible design of Aufnahmeausspa tion 2 , The in the upper part of the recording recess 2 trained dovetail shape allows the lateral insertion of the teeth and their positive and non-positive anchoring. Other shapes that provide a stable anchoring of the teeth 03 allow, are familiar to the expert.

3 shows a side view of a dental chain consisting of several teeth 3 consists. In this embodiment, the adjacent teeth are at a junction 14 that in detail X the 3 is shown connected to each other. Several teeth can be easily manufactured and assembled in this way, especially when the teeth must be composed of numerous sheets. The connection point 14 should be interpreted as weak as possible in order to minimize undesired magnetic flux in this direction. It is also conceivable that the connection point 14 is intentionally severed during assembly. Likewise, an articulated joint allows 14 the pivoting of the adjacent teeth, so that the tooth axes Z extend at an angle to each other. A corresponding angular position of the teeth is required when the active unit is used in a rotary motor.

Out 3 is also evident that at the bottom of the tooth root 4 a cooling pipe abutment section 16 is arranged as a semi-cylindrical recess. The cooling pipe plant section 16 used in the assembly of the half-side recording of the tooth contact section 15 of the cooling tube 11 ,

4 shows a simplified perspective view of the active unit in the assembled state, for reasons of understanding, the electrical windings are not shown. The adjacent tooth heads 7 form a tread 20 out, which lies in the air gap. The surface of the tooth heads may also be flat or, in certain applications, also be structured, for example in wave or step shape. The return unit 1 at the same time serves as a carrier element for all teeth 3 , The in the return unit 1 in the recording recesses 2 and the cooling tube grooves introduced therein 10 inserted cooling tubes 11 are designed as continuous cooling lines or z. B. via pipe connector 21 coupled together and joined together to form a cooling system. For inserting the tooth feet 4 into the receiving recesses 2 the cooling tube loops running outside the return unit are pushed slightly away from the required insertion area. This is also possible with copper cooling tubes readily.

5 shows a modified embodiment of the active unit, which is configured for a rotary motor with external rotor. The return unit 1 is curved to it. After fixing the teeth 3 arises in this way a cylindrical tread 20 , which is directed outwards and opposite to the outer rotor, not shown.

A further modified embodiment of the active unit is in 6 shown. In this case, it is the stator of a rotary motor with internal rotor. The return unit 1 is curved inwards, leaving an internal cylindrical tread 20 through the teeth heads 7 is formed.

It it can be seen that the active unit according to the invention to the requirements of a wide variety of electrical machines can be adjusted.

1

Inference unit

2

receiving recess

3

tooth

4

tooth root

5

winding

6

winding section

7

addendum

8th

edge tooth

9

10

Kühlrohrnut

11

cooling pipe

12

fastener

13

franking

14

junction

15

Tooth contact section

16

Cooling pipe bearing section

20

tread

21

pipe connectors

A

direction

L

air gap

Z

tooth axis

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1072082 B1 [0002]
• - DE 10143870 A1 [0003]
• - DE 19604643 B4 [0004]

Claims (17)

Active unit of an electrical machine, comprising: - a return unit ( 1 ), which extends in a running direction (A) along and numerous transverse to the direction of receiving recesses ( 2 ) having; - a variety of teeth ( 3 ), with her tooth root ( 4 ) in the Revisions ( 2 ) and extending in the direction of an air gap (L); - numerous electrical windings ( 5 ), each of winding sections ( 6 ) one or more teeth ( 3 ) are worn; characterized in that each of the teeth ( 3 ) in one of the receiving recesses ( 2 ), and that at least all between possibly unwound edge teeth ( 8th ) positioned teeth at least part of the electrical winding ( 5 ) wear. Active unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the electrical windings to Einzelpolwicklungen ( 5 ), each on exactly one tooth ( 3 ) are arranged. Active unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrical windings are group-wise windings which are wound around at least three teeth ( 3 ) are wound. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at the bottom of each receiving recess ( 2 ) an axially across the width of the Rückschlusseinheit ( 1 ) extending cooling tube groove ( 10 ) is incorporated, in each of which a cooling tube ( 11 ) is inserted positively, which with one not with the Kühlrohrnut ( 10 ) in contact tooth contact section ( 15 ) in a form-fitting manner at the tooth root ( 4 ) is present. Active unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum cross-sectional width of the cooling tube groove ( 10 ) not larger than the opening width of the receiving recess ( 2 ). Active unit according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a heat contact improving material between cooling tube ( 11 ) and cooling tube groove ( 10 ) and / or between cooling tube ( 11 ) and tooth root ( 4 ) is introduced. Active unit according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the cooling tube ( 11 ) has a circular cross-section and approximately each half of its cross-section in a semicircular Kühlrohrnut ( 10 ) and in a semicircular open Kühlrohranlageabschnitt ( 16 ) of the tooth base ( 4 ) is enclosed. Active unit according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that in the Kühlrohrnuten ( 10 ) extending cooling tubes ( 11 ) are connected to a cooling system, which is flowed through by a cooling medium. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each at least a part of the electrical winding ( 5 ) supporting tooth ( 3 ) detachable in its receiving recess ( 2 ) is attached. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the teeth ( 3 ) one tooth head each ( 7 ), which is wider in cross section than the winding section ( 6 ) and with its side facing the air gap (L) a portion of a tread ( 20 ) of the electric machine. Active unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the tooth heads ( 7 ) of adjacent teeth ( 3 ) adjoin each other with their side edges substantially gap-free. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the teeth ( 3 ) are each composed of numerous tooth plates, which preferably consist of soft iron. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a plurality of adjacent teeth on the side edges of their tooth heads via a connection point ( 14 ) are interconnected. Active unit according to claim 13, characterized in that the connection points ( 14 ) are formed such that a pivoting of the teeth ( 3 ), so that the perpendicular to the return unit ( 1 ) extending tooth axes (Z) extend at an angle to each other. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the windings ( 5 ) on the winding sections ( 6 ) the teeth ( 3 ) are placed before they are in the receiving recesses ( 2 ) are attached. Active unit according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that they serve as an active unit of of the following motor types: - linear motors; - rotary motors with rotating inner rotor; - Rotary motor with rotating external rotor. Active unit according to claim 16, characterized in that it serves as a stator of the respective Mo is formed.