CN1791000A - Integrated service leading method for WDM optical network - Google Patents
Integrated service leading method for WDM optical network Download PDFInfo
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- CN1791000A CN1791000A CN 200410081512 CN200410081512A CN1791000A CN 1791000 A CN1791000 A CN 1791000A CN 200410081512 CN200410081512 CN 200410081512 CN 200410081512 A CN200410081512 A CN 200410081512A CN 1791000 A CN1791000 A CN 1791000A
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Abstract
The invention provides a synthesis persuasion business method WDM OTN. Wherein, building a persuasion chart model combined with virtual topological design, rout and wavelength allocation problem, calculating on the chart to find out proper persuasion path. For business request, using built optical link for persuasion. This invention uses dynamic regulation link weight to regulate dynamically whole network link weight at any moment to balance load, and saves optical transceiver resources to reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The business that this invention belongs in the communication system is dredged the field, and particularly the dynamic service in the WDM network diaphragm network is dredged technology.
Technical background
Along with the explosive increase of network traffic and the appearance of high performance WDM optical network device (as optical cross-connect OXC, optical add/drop multiplexer OADM, seeing Fig. 2), wavelength-division multiplex technique becomes the core technology of backbone network of future generation.
Because each wavelength can provide the transmission capacity up to last gigabit (as OC-48, OC-192, OC-768) in the WDM network.Yet it often is lower that a lot of professional traffic rates are compared with the led to speed on the wavelength, for example OC-1, OC-3, OC-12 (51.84Mb/s, 155.52Mb/s, 622.08Mb/s) in actual applications.Obviously, for each low speed business provides a wavelength dedicated, resource utilization is low and uneconomical.And because optical transceiver limited in number (foundation of a light path need respectively be used an optical transceiver at two terminal point) etc. in the optical fiber medium wavelength limited in number, network node, can not be each professional connection to set up independent end to end light path and connect.Therefore for fine-grained speed or bandwidth demand are provided, reduce network construction cost and operation cost simultaneously, improve network performance, need set up connection end to end effectively for these low speed business.Dredging (grooming) technology can address this problem.
The technology of dredging in the network promptly " is dredged the low speed Business Stream " (groom) transmission of getting on of the wavelength of high power capacity effectively." dredging " and come from multiplexing (multiplexing) and binding (bundling), be about to transmit on the transmission unit that a plurality of low speed business are pooled to high power capacity, is to be used for describing the optimal design problem of effectively utilizing capacity in the transmission system.Different territories can use different multiplex techniques to realize dredging in optical-fiber network:
(1) space division multiplexing (space-division multiplexing, SDM) technology: with the physical space subregion to reach the capacity that improves transmission system.For example, multifiber is bundled on the optical cable, perhaps a plurality of optical cables connect adjacent two nodes in the network as a link.
(2) frequency division multiplexing (frequency-division multiplexing, FDM) technology: frequency spectrum is divided into nonoverlapping a series of independently passage.Wave division multiplexing WDM in the optical-fiber network or dense wave division multipurpose DWDM technology promptly are to have adopted the FDM technology.
(3) time division multiplexing (time-division multiplexing, TDM) technology: the time slot (slot) that in time domain, bandwidth is divided into regular length.Use the TDM technology, multiple signals are as long as not overlappingly in time can share a wavelength.
(4) dynamic statistics multiplexing technology: in the architecture of IP/MPLS over WDM, a WDM wavelength channel can be shared by " virtual circuit " mode by a plurality of IP operation streams.
Business (traffic grooming) technology of dredging is meant that utilizing the TDM technology effectively the low speed Business Stream to be converged in wavelength channel/light path at a high speed transmits in the WDM optical-fiber network.Have the Lambda of being called as to dredge (Lambda grooming) (to see document T.Cinkler.Traffic and/spl lambda/grooming.Network and how a plurality of wavelength are dredged in the optical fiber transmission, IEEE, vol.17, no.2, pp.16-21,2003).
The OXC equipment of present many commercializations all begins supporting business and dredges function.The network node OXC equipment that typical supporting business is dredged is formed (see figure 1) by three parts: a wavelength switching matrix (λ XC), a low speed are dredged matrix and one group of tunable optical transceiver.Network node connects input optical fibre and output optical fibre; Wavelength channel in the input optical fibre can be directly exchanges to respective wavelength passage on the output optical fibre (when node does not have the wavelength conversion ability by the wavelength switching matrix, can only exchange to identical wavelength channel gets on), perhaps exchanging to optical transceiver is transformed into the signal of telecommunication and enters low speed and dredge matrix, belong to local business and then exchange to the low-speed service data flow port, non-local service enters the respective wavelength that the wavelength switching matrix exchanges to the corresponding port by the photophase optical transceiver again and gets on.That is to say, do not contain local service in certain wavelength channel in the input optical fibre and then can directly pass through the wavelength switching matrix, promptly adopt so-called smooth bypass technology to output optical fibre; Have on the local service/wavelength channel of (adding/dropping) enters into low speed down in the electric territory by optical transceiver and dredges matrix and handle down, and the light path number that obvious network node place can above/following road is subject to the number of tunable optical transceiver.Node shown in Figure 1 has 3 optical transceivers, so this node can be used as the end points of 3 two-way light paths.Because the wavelength conversion device is relatively more expensive comparatively speaking, network node does not have the wavelength conversion ability in the light territory.
The business problem of dredging can so be described: a given network configuration, the wavelength number and the wavelength capacities that comprise the optical transceiver number of physical link, each network node, every optical fiber, it is exactly to be that one group of business connection request of setting up with various low speed bandwidth granularities is set up light path to arrange these connection requests down effectively that business is dredged, and optimizes the performance of network simultaneously.Business is dredged exactly the professional connection of low speed (perhaps Business Stream) to be converged on the wavelength and is transmitted, the low speed Business Stream can arrive the purpose network node by a light path, and (the single-hop business is dredged, single-hop traffic grooming), also can arrive purpose (the multi-hop business is dredged, Multi-hop traffic grooming) by the multi-hop light path.
Traffic grooming is key technology in the GMPLS (GMPLS), has caused the extensive concern and the research of industry.Because looped network has very strong self-healing ability, a lot of networks are to adopt loop configuration to come networking, and several years ago Traffic grooming research is mainly based on the SDH/WDM looped network.In this year, because network structure can provide quick and effective capacity configuration now to become long main networking mode apart from backbone network, and has capability to resist destruction better.Traffic grooming in the mesh network becomes the focus of concern.
How being the low speed Business Stream seeks route foundation connection end to end in the WDM network, be an extremely complicated problems.At present, the Traffic grooming technology is divided into four subproblems usually, and might not be independently between them: 1. the virtual topology structure of determining to include light path.2. based on physical topology route in light path.3. light path is carried out Wavelength Assignment.The enterprising walking along the street of virtual topology by.Because virtual topology design and wavelength route assignment (RWA) problem have been proved to be a NP difficult problem, so the Traffic grooming problem in the mesh network remains a NP difficult problem.
A kind of method that solves the Traffic grooming problem in the mesh network is that these four subproblems are separately solved, and solves separately as four sub-problems independently, and this also is maximum method of using at present.Such as, determine virtual topology earlier, carry out wavelength and route assignment then, just service request is carried out route at last.Doing simple that problem is become although it is so, and improvement is to a certain extent all arranged on each subproblem, all must be separate but prerequisite must be these subproblems.In fact, these four subproblems might not be separate, also may influence solution to another problem to the solution of one of them problem.Simultaneously, the optimization to a subproblem might not have optimization function to whole problem.Another one the most important thing is, use this method must predict the professional situation that arrives of the whole network to single problem individual processing, be optimized configuration at all traffic carrying capacitys, it is the static traffic analysis, this point can't be useful for the requirement that dynamic service is analyzed, so the professional congestion relief algorithm in the present existing WDM mesh network can not really drop into practical application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of new business amount leading method in wavelength division multiplexing (the be called for short WDM) mesh network that is applicable to---be used for wavelength division multiplexed optical network integrated service amount leading method (IntegratedGrooming Algorithm, IGA).Adopt the inventive method, can solve the Traffic grooming problem in the wavelength division multiplexed optical network effectively, improve the Traffic grooming performance of wavelength division multiplexed optical network significantly.
At first, we provide a kind of new graph model of dredging, and are defined as G (N, L, W, T), N and L node number and the optical fiber link number representing in the physical network respectively to be comprised wherein, W represents a wavelength available number on the optical fiber, T represents the available light transceiver number of each node.This is dredged graph model and has comprised each node available light transceiver information of number, and wavelength channel information and each wavelength bandwidth use information on the optical fiber.This figure specifically is constructed as follows:
Dredge graph model and be one and have (| W|+1) * | N| node and | the multilayer figure (see figure 4) on W|+1 plane.The 1st layer corresponds respectively to the W layer | W| wavelength plane, | the W|+1 layer be called the virtual topology layer (virtual topology plane, VTP).Each node m in the physical topology is at each wavelength plane λ
iIn be replicated 1 time and (be designated as v
m λ i), in the virtual topology plane, also be replicated 1 time (being designated as node m).Dredge that each internodal link depends on that network physical is with topology and current state in the graph model.
Wavelength link: if physical topology G
pIn node to (there is optical fiber link in i between j), and the wavelength X free time, then has wavelength link (V at wavelength plane λ
i λ, V
j λ), its capacity is wavelength capacities C, cost is the physical link cost.Wavelength link solid line with black in dredging figure is represented.
The light path link: if node to (n) there is a light path in m, then on the virtual topology plane node to (there is a light path link in m between n), and its capacity is a residual available bandwidth.Light path link bold dashed lines with black in dredging figure is represented.
Virtual link: if also having one at least, the node i place do not use optical transceiver, then one total in dredging figure | W| bandwidth is infinite link connection i and V
i λ(λ=1,2 ..., | W|), this link is called virtual link.Dotted line with black in dredging figure is represented.
The current optical transceiver number that is not used in this node place of italic digitized representation on the virtual topology node layer limit.
Dredge graph model and the IP layer in the network and the various available information of WDM layer have all been included in dredged graph model,
A kind of integrated service amount leading method that is used for wavelength division multiplexed optical network provided by the invention is characterized in that comprising following step:
The first step: figure G is dredged in initialization
According to the network physical topology information, dredge figure when dredging graph model structure reset condition: this moment, the virtual topology layer did not have the light path link.
Second step: the equal latency services connection request of all network nodes, service request are labeled as r (b), wherein s and d represent the starting point and the point of destination of this service request respectively for s, d, and b represents the bandwidth of this service request.
If node detection for connecting the request of foundation, jumped to for the 3rd step to current request;
If node detection for connecting the request of release, jumped to for the 4th step to current request.
The 3rd step: (b), that constructs in the first step dredges in the graph model path of dredging of calculating this service request for s, d at service request r
According to service request r (s, d, bandwidth demand b b) cuts out dredging figure, and specific practice is to dredge among the figure every available bandwidth less than the link circuit deleting of service request bandwidth b, obtain the available figure of dredging G ' (that is, all links can both provide enough bandwidth among the figure).Use shortest path first (dijkstra's algorithm) in G ', the source node s from the VTP of virtual topology plane begins to search out the shortest path of destination node d.If do not find the path, then refuse this connection request r (s, d, b).If find, write down this shortest path, be labeled as path, this shortest path path may be the combination of light path link, wavelength link and virtual link.Then the shortest path path that finds is carried out segmentation according to the Linktype of its process, require all links in the same segmentation (abbreviating the highway section as) to be same kind and (promptly only may be the wavelength link, the light path link, and the Linktype in the adjacent highway section can not be identical a kind of among the virtual link three).
Carry out different processing at highway sections dissimilar among the shortest path path:
(1). for the highway section of on shortest path path, adopting the continuous wavelength link in the same wavelength plane, judge that whether this section head and the tail two-end-point place has abundant optical transceiver, if do not have, then refuses it; If have, then on the wavelength link of shortest path path process be service request r (s, d b) distribute bandwidth resources, and the newly-built light path link on the virtual topology plane is revised and dredged figure G, and detailed step is as follows:
A. in the wavelength plane, find the head and the tail node V in above-mentioned wavelength link highway section
i λAnd V
j λOn the virtual topology plane, find corresponding with it node i and j then, add light path link connected node i and node j, newly-built light path link weight is reset to the weight sum of its actual wavelength link that passes through, simultaneously the wavelength link that deletion is used by this light path link in the respective wavelength plane.
The optical transceiver number at two end points places of b. newly-built light path link subtracts 1, if number becomes 0, then leaves out all virtual links that link to each other in this node.
C. be on newly-built light path link that service request distributes bandwidth resources, the available bandwidth value that is about to the light path link is made as a wavelength capacities and this service request r, and (b) bandwidth b's is poor for s, d.
(2). for the highway section of adopting the light path link on path, be these traffic assignments bandwidth resources on this light path link then, this process will can not used extra optical transceiver.
(3). the highway section for adopt virtual link on path because the virtual link idle bandwidth is infinite, is left intact.
Jumped to for the 5th step.
The 4th step: discharge service request r (s, d, b) shared resource
(1) discharges professional r on this light path link (s, d, b) shared bandwidth resources.
(2) leave out the light path link that does not carry any Business Stream, add the wavelength link that this light path link uses on corresponding wavelength plane, the optical transceiver number at this light path end node place adds 1 simultaneously.If this moment, the optical transceiver number of end node became 1, then add in all wavelengths plane virtual link that node therewith links to each other.For example, node m place optical transceiver number becomes 1 from 0, then adds virtual link connected node m and V
m λ i(1≤i≤| W|).
Jumped to for the 5th step.
The 5th step: the weight of all links of the whole network has been carried out balanced dynamic adjustment.Concrete method of adjustment is as follows:
(1), according to the following equation its weight is adjusted for the wavelength link:
COST wherein
p' be adjusted wavelength link weight, COST
pBe the wavelength link weight under the initial condition, constant C is a spreading factor, and max λ is the wavelength available number that has that wavelength link of maximum wavelength available numbers in the current network, and λ is the wavelength available number of current wavelength link.
(2), according to the following equation its weight is adjusted for virtual link:
COST wherein
v' be adjusted virtual link weight, COST
vBe the virtual link weight under the initial condition, maxTR is the optical transceiver number that has the maximum node of available light transceiver in the current network, and TR is the available light transceiver number of present node.
(3) for dredging light path, according to the following equation its weight is adjusted:
COST wherein
L' be the adjusted light path weight of dredging, COST
LFor this can dredge the weight of light path when setting up, i.e. the actual wavelength link weight sum of passing through of this light path, maxB is the bandwidth value of dredging light path that has maximum available bandwidth in the virtual topology, B is the current available bandwidth value of dredging light path.
After above-mentioned weight adjustment finishes, jumped to for second step.
According to above-mentioned steps, just can realize that the integrated service amount in the wavelength division multiplexed optical network is dredged.
Need to prove
1. in the 3rd step (2) that goes on foot of said process, we have adopted existing light path link that service request is dredged, and this step does not need to expend extra optical transceiver resource, and this compared with prior art, can save the optical transceiver resource to a great extent, reduce cost.
2. in the 5th reason that goes on foot the dynamic adjustment link weight of carrying out be:
Because optical transceiver and wavelength resource all are limited in the network, when calculating route if only consider may cause such a case so by optical transceiver: consumed very many wavelength resources (promptly around very long road) for some requests connect; Only consider that wavelength resource then may consume too much optical transceiver.Both of these case might make that all network can not hold the business that originally can hold.Behind the strategy by above-mentioned dynamic adjustment weight, the link weight that the optical transceiver number that node can be able to be used and link wavelength available resource are few is more resetted big, therefore the possibility through this link or node will reduce when route, promptly can effectively avoid causing easily " the busy area " of network congestion, therefore can further improve the performance of Traffic grooming, reduce the blocking rate of network.
Essence of the present invention is: it is dredging the enterprising row operation of graph model by setting up the graph model of dredging of virtual topology design, route and the assignment of wavelength combine simultaneously in the netted optical-fiber network of wavelength division multiplexing, finds the suitable path of dredging.For service request, then dredge by dredging the light path link of setting up in the graph model, can save the optical transceiver resource to a great extent, reduce cost.The present invention has solved route and assignment of wavelength simultaneously, and taked the means of dynamic adjustment link weight dynamically to adjust the total network links weight at any time, can impel network to reach load balancing well, solve the Traffic grooming problem in the wavelength division multiplexed optical network effectively, improve the performance of dredging of network significantly.
The inventive method can be used to solve the Traffic grooming problem of the wavelength division multiplexed optical network with wavelength shifter, for the Traffic grooming problem that solves wavelength division multiplexed optical network provides effective technical means.
Description of drawings
The existing network node model of Fig. 1;
The existing apparatus for network node of Fig. 2:
Wherein (a) represents optical cross-connect OXC, λ among the figure
1, λ
2... λ
nRepresent wavelength 1 respectively, the n of a 2...n wavelength optical signals.
(b) expression optical add/drop multiplexer OADM, λ among the figure
1, λ
2... λ
nBe illustrated respectively in n wavelength optical signals of input and output in the optical add/drop multiplexer, λ
1, λ
2... λ
mThen be illustrated in and set out on a journey and m the wavelength optical signals on following road m≤n in the optical add/drop multiplexer.
Typical physical topological structure of Fig. 3, numeral 1 among the figure, 2...5 represents 5 network nodes respectively, and each node all has an optical cross-connect OXC.
Fig. 4 dredges graph model (initial condition) at what the physical topology of Fig. 3 was constructed herein:
V among the figure
1 1, V
2 1, V
3 1, V
4 1, V
5 1Be illustrated respectively in λ
15 of corresponding physics topological node nodes on the wavelength plane, V
1 2, V
2 2, V
3 2, V
4 2, V
5 2Be illustrated respectively in λ
25 of corresponding physics topological node nodes on the wavelength plane, the roman numeral 1,2 in the virtual topology plane in the square frame ... 5 represent 5 nodes of corresponding physics topological node on the virtual topology plane respectively.The available light transceiver number of italic numeral 2 these nodes of expression on square frame next door in the virtual topology plane, this moment, the available light transceiver number of all nodes was 2.Solid line is represented the wavelength link among the figure, and dotted line is represented virtual link.
Fig. 5 this paper carries out the signal process of computing in dredging figure:
Wherein 5-a is the figure state of finishing after first service request computing of dredging;
5-b is the figure state of finishing after second service request computing of dredging;
5-c is the figure state of finishing after the 3rd the service request computing of dredging;
5-d is the figure state of dredging after first service request of release;
At above-mentioned a, b, c, four of d dredge among the figure V
1 1, V
2 1, V
3 1, V
4 1, V
5 1Be illustrated respectively in λ
15 of corresponding physics topological node nodes on the wavelength plane, V
1 2, V
2 2, V
3 2, V
4 2, V
5 2Be illustrated respectively in λ
25 of corresponding physics topological node nodes on the wavelength plane, the roman numeral 1 in the virtual topology plane in the square frame, 2...5 represents 5 nodes of corresponding physics topological node on the virtual topology plane respectively.The available light transceiver number of italic numeral 0,1,2 these nodes of expression on square frame next door in the virtual topology plane.Solid line is represented the wavelength link among the figure, and dotted line is represented virtual link.Black bold dashed lines in the virtual topology plane
Expression light path link.
Fig. 6 Italy national network model (Italian Network) schematic diagram;
The performance evaluation figure of the average average blocking rate of each node optical transceiver number VS of Fig. 7;
The performance evaluation figure of the physical distance of average each the professional transmission of average each the node optical transceiver number VS of Fig. 8.
Fig. 9 flow chart of the present invention
Embodiment
This integrated service leading algorithm can be used for handling dynamic service arrival request in the wave division multiplexing WDM mesh network.We are that example illustrates this algorithm specific implementation method with a simple network (Fig. 3).For simplicity, we suppose that all nodes all do not have wavelength shifter in the network.Each network node is equipped with an optical cross-connect OXC, each optical cross-connect OXC has comprised two optical transceivers again, i.e. two optical transmitting sets and two optical receivers (the current optical transceiver number that is not used of this node of italic digitized representation on the virtual topology layer limit), the one-way optical fiber that every a pair of direction of chain route is opposite is formed, and the wavelength available number in every optical fiber is made as 2.The initial condition that Fig. 4 dredges graph model for this network correspondence, owing to also do not set up any light path at present, so in the virtual topology plane, there is not the light path link.
When first connection request r (2,5, b
1) when reaching, b
1Be assumed to be 3/4ths of a wavelength capacities, in dredging figure, find a path 2-V according to the integrated service leading algorithm
2 1-V
1 1-V
5 1-5.Describe the concrete transmission course of service signal now: service signal is dredged matrix by the low speed of the optical cross-connect OXC of node 2 and is set out on a journey, enter electric territory, finish the electrical-optical conversion of service signal, again by using a new optical transmitting set to enter the wavelength switching matrix, this process expends an optical transceiver of node 2, and service signal (light signal) is switched to wavelength X then
1Transmit in the channel.Service signal is through wavelength link V
2 1-V
1 1Arrive the optical cross-connect OXC of node 2, because node 2 detects this service signal not to one's name, so node 2 has bypassed this service signal.When service signal passes through wavelength link V
1 1-V
5 1When arriving node 5, because node 5 detects this service signal to one's name, so the wavelength switching matrix of node 5 will use a new optical receiver that matrix is dredged to low speed in road under the service signal, this process expends an optical transceiver of node 5, and service signal is dredged at the low speed of node 5 and finished light-local processing of electricity conversion back quilt transfer in the matrix.
According to the integrated service leading algorithm, we have carried out following processing to dredging figure: (1) deletes the wavelength link V that this service signal passes through
2 1-V
1 1And V
1 1-V
5 1, in the virtual topology face, set up a light path link connected node 2 and 5 (seeing black bold dashed lines 2-5 among Fig. 5-a), the available bandwidth that this light path link is set is 1/4th wavelength capacities (wavelength capacities subtracts this service request bandwidth).(2) the available light transceiver number of node 2 and node 5 all reduces 1.(3) dynamically adjust the total network links weight according to our three formula of above-mentioned proposition at last.Obtain the new figure that dredges, see Fig. 5-a.
Second connection request r (2,3, b
2) when arriving, b
2Be assumed to be the half wavelength capacity, suppose that the connection request of front does not also discharge, find a path 2-V by the integrated service leading algorithm
2 1-V
3 1-3.The concrete transmission course of service signal is described now: after the low speed that service signal enters the optical cross-connect OXC of node 2 is dredged matrix, finished the electrical-optical conversion of signal, enter into the wavelength switching matrix by a new optical transmitting set (this process expends an optical transceiver of node 2) again, be switched to wavelength X then
1Channel transmits.Service signal is through wavelength link V
2 1-V
3 1Arrive destination node 3, the optical cross-connect OXC of node 3 detects this signal to one's name, so node 3 uses a new optical receiver that this service signal (light signal) is down dredged matrix (expending an optical transceiver of node 3) to low speed in the road, signal is transferred this locality processing after finishing light-electricity conversion of signal in the wavelength switching matrix.
Figure is dredged in renewal according to the integrated service leading algorithm: the wavelength link V of (1) deletion service signal institute road warp
2 1-V
3 1, and on the virtual topology plane, increasing new light path link 2-3 (seeing black bold dashed lines 2-3 among Fig. 5-b), the available bandwidth that this light path link is set is half wavelength capacity (wavelength capacities subtracts this service request capacity).(2) node 2 and 3 available light transceiver number separately all subtracts 1, because the available light transceiver number of node 2 becomes 0, and all virtual links that deletion links to each other with node 2.(3) dynamically adjust the total network links weight according to three formula of above-mentioned proposition at last.Obtain the new figure that dredges, see Fig. 5-b.
The 3rd connection request r (2,5, b
3) when arriving, b
3Be assumed to be the half wavelength capacity.The connection request of supposing the front does not also discharge, and goes out a path 2-3-V by the integrated service leading algorithm computation
3 1-V
4 1-4-V
4 2-V
5 2-5.Describe the concrete transmission course of service signal now: service signal (uses when second connection request set up by the optical transmitting set that uses working on the optical cross-connect OXC of node 2, this optical transmitting set is also being handled second connection request simultaneously) enter into the wavelength switching matrix, after finishing the electrical-optical conversion of signal, (the actual path of passing through is wavelength link V to carry out Traffic grooming by the light path link 2-3 that has set up
2 1-V
3 1), this step can not consume new optical transceiver.When service signal arrives node 3, dredge matrix by road under one of the node 3 new optical receiver to low speed, after light-electrical-optical of finishing signal is changed, by using a new optical transmitting set to reenter the wavelength switching matrix, enter wavelength X again
1Channel transmits.Service signal is by wavelength link V
3 1-V
4 1Arrive the optical cross-connect OXC of node 4, the new optical receiver that node 4 uses is dredged matrix to low speed down with service signal, light-electricity of finishing signal transforms, and by a new optical transmitting set signal is sent into the wavelength switching matrix again and exchanges to another wavelength X
2Transmit in the channel.This process is equivalent to finish signal from λ
1To λ
2Wavelength Conversion.Service signal is by wavelength link V
4 2-V
5 2Transmit and arrive destination node 5, because node 5 detects this service signal to one's name, dredge matrix under the service signal to low speed so in the wavelength switching matrix of node 5, will consume a new optical receiver, service signal is transferred local the processing after finishing the light of signal-electricity conversion at last.
Figure is dredged in renewal according to the integrated service leading algorithm: the wavelength link V of (1) deletion service signal process
3 1-V
4 1And V
4 2-V
5 2, on virtual topology, set up corresponding light path link 3-4 and 4-5, the available bandwidth of two light paths all is made as half wavelength capacity (wavelength capacities deducts this service request bandwidth).(2) be these traffic assignments bandwidth resources on original light path link 2-3, the available bandwidth of light path 2-3 is reduced to 0 by original half wavelength capacity.(3) an available light transceiver number average of node 3 and node 5 subtracts 1, and the available light transceiver number of node 4 subtracts 2, so the available light transceiver number of these three nodes all is zero, and all virtual links that deletion links to each other with these three nodes.(4) dynamically adjust the total network links weight according to three formula of above-mentioned proposition.Obtain the new figure that dredges at last, see Fig. 5-c.
Now, we illustrate the process that discharges resource.If under the state of Fig. 5-c, and first service request r (2,5, b
1) discharge.At first discharge bandwidth resources can dredging on the light path 2-5, i.e. the work zone reductions b of light path 2-5
1(b
1Be 3/4ths wavelength capacities), become 0 by 3/4ths original wavelength capacities.Because the bandwidth of operation on the light path link 2-5 is 0, deletes this light path link, recovers the pairing actual wavelength link of this light path, promptly adds two wavelength link V in dredging figure again
2 1-V
1 1And V
1 1-V
5 1, upgrade the optical transceiver number (adding 1 separately) of two end points of light path 2-5 simultaneously, promptly discharge the optical transceiver resource on node 2 and 5.Because the optical transceiver number on these two nodes becomes 1 from 0,, promptly in dredging figure, add all virtual links that link to each other with node 5 with node 2 again again so recover all relevant on these two nodes virtual links.Obtain the new figure that dredges, see Fig. 5-d.
For the performance of this algorithm in real network is described, we have adopted method of computer simulation.We have selected the network configuration of a reality: Italian national network (Italian Network) structure, see Fig. 6.
We make the following assumptions: 1) network node does not have the wavelength conversion ability, and the optical transceiver number of each node is T.2) every opposite one-way optical fiber of a pair of direction of chain route is formed, and the capacity of each wavelength is OC-48.3) all connection request r (s, d b) are two-way services, and the source, the destination node that arrive request are selected at random all node centerings, and bandwidth b is the integral multiple of OC-1, might as well be located at U[1,24] evenly distribute.4) connect the request of foundation and obey the Poisson distribution arrival of parameter beta according to Mean Speed, promptly the total arrival rate of the whole network is β.The duration of the connection of building is obeyed the exponential distribution (This document assumes that μ=1) of average 1/ μ.Connect the request of foundation for each, get nowhere, then refuse this request (, promptly not having waiting list) in case refusal just abandons immediately if set up.5) each service request can not be split into several sections and transmits on different paths.6) each test is by dynamically producing 10
5The individual professional request of foundation that connects.Compared network node transceiver number to the whole network Effect on Performance.
We have defined the index of two individual existing network network main performances:
1. average blocking rate: the ratio of the service request number that gets clogged and total service request number.
2. average each professional transmission range: the business that success is set up connect the actual average physical distance of passing through (kilometer).
Through performance is analyzed, and we can find wavelength available number in the network, the average optical transceiver number of each node, and three factors of professional arrival rate have direct influence to the performance of network.Along with the increase of wavelength available number in the network, blocking rate descends, and after number of wavelengths was increased to a certain degree, the general who has surrendered was no longer obvious under the group plug rate, reason be this moment the optical transceiver numerical limitations can set up the number of light path.So when the optical transceiver number was certain, too much number of wavelengths can not further reduce blocking rate, improve performance.In number of wavelengths one regularly, along with increasing of node optical transceiver number, blocking rate descends, and same, after the transceiver number was increased to a certain degree, the general who has surrendered was no longer obvious under the blocking rate, and reason is that number of wavelengths becomes key constraints at this moment.So when number of wavelengths was certain, too much optical transceiver can not further reduce blocking rate.In addition, under the same situation of other conditions, professional arrival rate is high more, and blocking rate is also high more.
In actual conditions, because the optical transceiver cost is higher, we have compared the quantity of average each node optical transceiver separately to Effect on Performance situation (at the wavelength available number is 16, under the condition of professional arrival rate β=100), have obtained Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Can see that from performance evaluation figure this algorithm performance is more satisfactory.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of integrated service leading method that is used for wavelength division multiplexed optical network provided by the invention is characterized in that it comprises following step:
The first step: figure G is dredged in initialization
According to the network physical topology information, dredge figure when dredging graph model structure reset condition: this moment, the virtual topology layer did not have the light path link;
Second step: the equal latency services connection request of all network nodes, service request are labeled as r (b), wherein s and d represent the starting point and the point of destination of this service request respectively for s, d, and b represents the bandwidth of this service request;
If node detection for connecting the request of foundation, jumped to for the 3rd step to current request;
If node detection for connecting the request of release, jumped to for the 4th step to current request;
The 3rd step: (b), that constructs in the first step dredges in the graph model path of dredging of calculating this service request for s, d at service request r
According to service request r (bandwidth demand b b) cuts out dredging figure for s, d, and specific practice is:
Every available bandwidth obtains the available figure of dredging G (that is, all links can both provide enough bandwidth among the figure) less than the link circuit deleting of service request bandwidth b among the figure with dredging; Use shortest path first (dijkstra's algorithm) in G ', the source node s from the VTP of virtual topology plane begins to search out the shortest path of destination node d; If do not find the path, then refuse this connection request r (s, d, b); If find, write down this shortest path, be labeled as path, this shortest path path may be the combination of light path link, wavelength link and virtual link; Then the shortest path path that finds is carried out segmentation according to the Linktype of its process, require all links in the same segmentation (abbreviating the highway section as) to be same kind and (promptly only may be the wavelength link, the light path link, and the Linktype in the adjacent highway section can not be identical a kind of among the virtual link three);
Carry out different processing at highway sections dissimilar among the shortest path path:
(1). for the highway section of on shortest path path, adopting the continuous wavelength link in the same wavelength plane, judge that whether this section head and the tail two-end-point place has abundant optical transceiver, if do not have, then refuses it; If have, then on the wavelength link of shortest path path process be service request r (s, d b) distribute bandwidth resources, and the newly-built light path link on the virtual topology plane is revised and dredged figure G, and detailed step is as follows:
A. in the wavelength plane, find the head and the tail node V in above-mentioned wavelength link highway section
i λAnd V
j λOn the virtual topology plane, find corresponding with it node i and j then, add light path link connected node i and node j, newly-built light path link weight is reset to the weight sum of its actual wavelength link that passes through, simultaneously the wavelength link that deletion is used by this light path link in the respective wavelength plane;
The optical transceiver number at two end points places of b. newly-built light path link subtracts 1, if number becomes 0, then leaves out all virtual links that link to each other in this node;
C. be on newly-built light path link that service request distributes bandwidth resources, the available bandwidth value that is about to the light path link is made as a wavelength capacities and this service request r, and (b) bandwidth b's is poor for s, d;
(2). for the highway section of adopting the light path link on path, be these traffic assignments bandwidth resources on this light path link then, this process will can not used extra optical transceiver;
(3). the highway section for adopt virtual link on path because the virtual link idle bandwidth is infinite, is left intact;
Jumped to for the 5th step;
The 4th step: discharge service request r (s, d, b) shared resource
(1) discharges professional r on this light path link (s, d, b) shared bandwidth resources;
(2) leave out the light path link that does not carry any Business Stream, add the wavelength link that this light path link uses on corresponding wavelength plane, the optical transceiver number at this light path end node place adds 1 simultaneously; If this moment, the optical transceiver number of end node became 1, then add in all wavelengths plane virtual link that node therewith links to each other; For example, node m place optical transceiver number becomes 1 from 0, then adds virtual link connected node m and V
m λ i(1≤i≤| W|);
Jumped to for the 5th step;
The 5th step: the weight of all links of the whole network has been carried out balanced dynamic adjustment; Concrete method of adjustment is as follows:
(1), according to the following equation its weight is adjusted for the wavelength link:
COST wherein
p' be adjusted wavelength link weight, COST
pBe the wavelength link weight under the initial condition, constant C is a spreading factor, and max λ is the wavelength available number that has that wavelength link of maximum wavelength available numbers in the current network, and λ is the wavelength available number of current wavelength link;
(2), according to the following equation its weight is adjusted for virtual link:
COST wherein
v' be adjusted virtual link weight, COST
vBe the virtual link weight under the initial condition, maxTR is the optical transceiver number that has the maximum node of available light transceiver in the current network, and TR is the available light transceiver number of present node;
(3) for dredging light path, according to the following equation its weight is adjusted:
COST wherein
L' be the adjusted light path weight of dredging, COST
LFor this can dredge the weight of light path when setting up, i.e. the actual wavelength link weight sum of passing through of this light path, maxB is the bandwidth value of dredging light path that has maximum available bandwidth in the virtual topology, B is the current available bandwidth value of dredging light path;
After above-mentioned weight adjustment finishes, jumped to for second step;
According to above-mentioned steps, just can realize the integrated service leading in the wavelength division multiplexed optical network.
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