CN1662174A - 用于多用途体液采样设备的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于多用途体液采样设备的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1662174A
CN1662174A CN038139618A CN03813961A CN1662174A CN 1662174 A CN1662174 A CN 1662174A CN 038139618 A CN038139618 A CN 038139618A CN 03813961 A CN03813961 A CN 03813961A CN 1662174 A CN1662174 A CN 1662174A
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China
Prior art keywords
chuck
parts
penetrating parts
penetrating
analytes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN038139618A
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English (en)
Inventor
德克·伯克尔
唐·艾尔登
多米尼克·M·弗里曼
迈克尔·威提格
迈克尔·凯纳
迈克尔·比德曼
马特·舒曼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pelikan Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Pelikan Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/127,395 external-priority patent/US7025774B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/237,261 external-priority patent/US7344507B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,219 external-priority patent/US7291117B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,073 external-priority patent/US7524293B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,212 external-priority patent/US7547287B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,257 external-priority patent/US7485128B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,217 external-priority patent/US7232451B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,252 external-priority patent/US7648468B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,259 external-priority patent/US7481776B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,220 external-priority patent/US7297122B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,052 external-priority patent/US7491178B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,211 external-priority patent/US7229458B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,218 external-priority patent/US7331931B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,183 external-priority patent/US7371247B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,241 external-priority patent/US7582099B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,182 external-priority patent/US7410468B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,082 external-priority patent/US7901362B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/335,240 external-priority patent/US7717863B2/en
Application filed by Pelikan Technologies Inc filed Critical Pelikan Technologies Inc
Publication of CN1662174A publication Critical patent/CN1662174A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A61B5/151Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15186Devices loaded with a single lancet, i.e. a single lancet with or without a casing is loaded into a reusable drive device and then discarded after use; drive devices reloadable for multiple use
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/157Devices characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles

Abstract

本发明提供了一种与穿透部件驱动器(300)一起使用以便穿透组织的装置。该装置包括单个夹盘(12),该夹盘与多个穿透部件(18)连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器(300)操作连接。穿透部件可运动,以便从夹盘(12)径向向外伸出,从而穿透组织。多个光学分析物检测部件(未标记)与该单个夹盘(12)连接,并定位成接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件(262)产生。

Description

用于多用途体液采样设备的方法和装置
技术领域
在医疗卫生保健产品业中已知切缝装置,用于穿刺皮肤以便产生用于分析的血液。通常,用于这种分析的一滴血液这样获得,即通过在指尖形成小切口,从而产生小伤口,该小伤口在皮肤表面上产生小血滴。
背景技术
较早的切缝方法包括通过针头或剃刀来穿刺或切开皮肤。目前的方法利用切缝装置,该切缝装置包含多个弹簧、凸轮和块致动器,以便驱动刺血针。这些都包括用于驱动刺血针的悬臂弹簧、隔膜、螺旋弹簧以及重力铅锤。装置可以保持抵靠皮肤,并进行机械激发以便发射刺血针。遗憾的是,在每次使用已知技术进行切缝时所伴随的疼痛使得病人不愿意进行测试。除了当驱动器冲击发射器止动器的端部时对皮肤的振动刺激,已知的弹簧偏压装置还可能激发刺血针,该刺血针对着病人的组织进行谐振振荡,从而由于反冲而引起多次穿刺。刺血针的该反冲和多次穿刺是使病人遵守结构性葡萄糖监测制度的一个主要障碍。
使病人遵循该方法的另一障碍是已知的切缝技术不会自然产生血流。除了如上述的疼痛,病人可能需要进行多次切缝事件以便获得血液试样,因为使用已知的切缝技术不能可靠地产生自然血液。因此,疼痛将由于病人为了成功产生自然血流而需要尝试的较多次数而倍增。在切缝装置的不同用户之间,不同皮肤厚度可能导致在痛感、血流量和获得血液的成功率方面产生不同结果。已知装置很少考虑这些皮肤厚度差异。
遵循葡萄糖监测的另一障碍是每次切缝事件都有很多步骤并且不方便。很多依赖于胰岛素的糖尿病病人可能需要每天自己测试5至6次血糖水平。在普通的葡萄糖测试方法中需要较多步骤,从进行切缝至挤出血液、将血液涂布在测试条上,并从测试条上获得测量值,很多糖尿病病人不愿意象推荐的那样频繁地测试他们的血糖水平。老年病人和运动机能退化的病人很难将刺血针装入发射器装置中、将血液传送至测试条上或将薄测试条插入葡萄糖测量仪的狭槽中。另外,由过已知系统在病人身上留下的伤口槽的大小也可能使得要用手活动的病人或担心伤口槽的愈合的病人不愿意测试他们的葡萄糖水平。
发明内容
本发明为至少某些上述缺点提供了解决方法。具体地说,本发明的一些实施例提供了多刺血针方案,以便测量身体中的被分析物的水平。本发明可以采用高密度(density)设计。本发明实施例将满足这里所述的这些和其它目的中的至少一部分。
本发明的这些和其它目的通过一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置来实现。该装置包括单个夹盘(cartridge),该夹盘与多个穿透部件连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器操作连接。穿透部件可运动,以便从夹盘径向向外伸出,从而穿透组织。多个光学分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接,并定位成接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口。多个穿透部件分别有削尖的尖端,该尖端可运动,以便穿透组织。多个光学分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接。无菌屏障覆盖该开口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接。穿透部件可运动,以便向外伸出,从而穿透组织。多个光学分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接。分析物检测部件接收进入空腔的体液。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个穿透部件空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔内。多个分析物检测部件安装在基片上,该基片可与该单个夹盘连接,以便相对每个空腔定位至少一个分析物检测部件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个空腔。提供了多个穿透部件。至少一个穿透部件处于至少一个空腔中。在一层材料上的多个分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接。至少两个空腔分别有至少一个分析物检测部件,该分析物检测部件与一个空腔流体连通。分析物检测部件定位在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少50个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少部分装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸。提供了至少50个光学分析物检测部件。各分析物检测部件与一个穿透部件相连。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可沿从夹盘向外的方向运动,以便穿透组织。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少100个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少部分装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸。提供了至少100个光学分析物检测部件。各分析物检测部件与一个穿透部件相连。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可沿从夹盘向外的方向运动,以便穿透组织。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个光学分析物检测部件。穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件,以便穿透组织。用过的穿透部件和分析物检测部件保持与夹盘连接。装有用过的穿透部件和用过的分析物检测部件的夹盘可置换处理。整个夹盘通过将具有穿透部件和分析物检测部件的新夹盘插入穿透部件驱动器中而进行更换。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括穿透部件驱动器和在盘形壳体中的多个穿透部件。穿透部件释放装置使穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放,并使穿透部件进入与穿透部件驱动器操作连接的位置。还包括多个采样模块。各模块与一个穿透部件连接,并装入盘形壳体中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,与穿透部件驱动器一起使用的切缝系统包括用于容纳多个穿透部件和光学分析物检测部件的装置。还提供了用于从容纳装置上的密封封闭件中释放一个穿透部件的装置。提供了用于使一个穿透部件与穿透部件驱动器操作连接的装置。一个光学分析物检测部件接收来自由一个穿透部件在组织中产生的伤口的体液。
在本发明的另一实施例中,体液采样系统包括夹盘。多个穿透部件与夹盘连接,并可选择驱动,以便穿透组织。穿透部件径向向外伸出,以便穿透组织。多个光学分析物检测部件与夹盘连接。电动的驱动力产生器设置成驱动处于发射位置的一个穿透部件进入组织部位。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用于穿透组织以便获得体液样本的装置包括夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。分别有削尖尖端的多个穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接。各穿透部件可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的穿透部件运动,以便穿透组织。还包括多个光学分析物检测部件。当一个穿透部件在组织中产生伤口时,至少一个分析物检测部件定位成接收体液。穿透部件布置成使得削尖尖端朝着径向外侧。各空腔局部由可偏转部分确定。处于第一位置的可偏转部分将防止穿透部件离开夹盘,且该可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,以便产生开口,该开口允许刺血针从夹盘向外伸出。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,用于保持穿透部件。多个空腔通过无菌屏障密封。夹盘提供有多个光学分析物检测部件,这些光学分析物检测部件通过使分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接而产生。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,这些空腔至少部分地保持多个穿透部件。当各空腔处于密封状态时对夹盘进行杀菌。通过在无菌环境中打开空腔、使分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接以及重新密封该空腔以便保持无菌环境,从而将分析物检测部件添加在空腔中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种将穿透部件压入组织部位内以便获得体液试样的方法提供了单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个光学分析物检测部件。流体从伤口道压出,该伤口道通过使一个穿透部件从夹盘中径向向外前进至组织部位中而产生。流体被吸入单个夹盘中,该夹盘使得至少一个光学分析物检测部件暴露于流体中。
在本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置。可以包括夹盘。多个穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接。各穿透部件有远端,该远端足够尖锐,以便穿刺组织。各穿透部件可相对于其它的穿透部件运动,从而使削尖的远端径向向外伸出以便穿透组织。穿透部件为没有模制附件的细长部件。
夹盘可以确定一平面,穿透部件包含在基本相同平面内。夹盘可以确定一平面,穿透部件定向成在基本与夹盘相同的平面内径向向外伸出。穿透部件可以基本在公共平面内。穿透部件可以布置成辐射状图形。
穿透部件可以有在它们表面上的凹槽。穿透部件涂覆有材料。
穿透部件涂覆有从以下组中选择的材料:Teflon、玻璃、硅或聚合物。
夹盘可以有扁平辐射状形状。
装置还可以包括与夹盘连接的无菌屏障。
夹盘可以包括盘形壳体。
夹盘可以有多个空腔,这些空腔容纳刺血针。
夹盘可以有多个槽,这些槽容纳刺血针。
装置可以包括多个棘爪表面,这些棘爪表面靠近夹盘的内径表面。
夹盘可以包括盘形壳体,该盘形壳体没有斜切的外周。
在本发明的另一实施例中,提供了一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置。还包括夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个裸露的刺血针分别有削尖尖端,并可滑动地与夹盘连接。各裸露的刺血针可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的裸露刺血针运动,以便穿透组织。裸露的刺血针布置成使削尖尖端指向径向外侧。各空腔局部由可偏转部分确定。在第一位置,可偏转部分防止穿透部件离开夹盘。该可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,从而产生开口,该开口允许刺血针从夹盘中向外伸出。
该部分可以垂直偏转。该部分可以水平偏转。
装置可以包括在夹盘的平表面上面的无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖在该表面上的多个纵向开口。
装置可以包括可偏转部分,各可偏转部分包括可穿透的壁,用于接收用过的穿透部件的削尖尖端。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置包括夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接。各穿透部件至少部分装入一个空腔内,并可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的穿透部件运动,并进入组织中。无菌屏障覆盖夹盘上的多个开口,并在该多个开口中产生无菌环境。
夹盘有单个本体。
无菌屏障可以包括金属箔。
穿透部件可以分别是单个本体,没有塑料模制附件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个辐射状夹盘。多个裸露的刺血针可滑动地与夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织。各刺血针有纵向轴线。刺血针纵向定向,以便基本在公共平面内。
夹盘可以有扁平辐射状形状。
第二屏障可以覆盖夹盘的底表面。
第二屏障可以覆盖夹盘的侧表面。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括夹盘。多个裸露的刺血针可滑动地与夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织。各刺血针有纵向轴线。第一无菌屏障在夹盘的顶表面上。第二无菌屏障在夹盘的另一表面上。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用于穿透生物体的装置包括穿透部件。第一表面与穿透部件物理接触。第二表面与穿透部件物理接触。在穿透部件和第二表面之间的摩擦系数比在穿透部件和第一表面之间的摩擦系数小至少15%。
在穿透部件和第二表面之间的摩擦系数可以是在穿透部件和第一表面之间的摩擦系数的至少一半。
在穿透部件和第二表面之间的摩擦系数可以是在穿透部件和第一表面之间的摩擦系数的至少四分之一。
在穿透部件和第二表面之间的摩擦系数可以是在穿透部件和第一表面之间的摩擦系数的至少十分之一。
装置可以包括驱动器,该驱动器与第一表面连接,该驱动器设置成沿穿透部件的纵向轴线驱动该第一表面和穿透部件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝装置包括穿透部件,该穿透部件有具有横向狭槽的轴,该横向狭槽设置成与驱动部件的凸起匹配。
在本发明的另一实施例中,穿透部件包括轴,该轴有提高摩擦的外表面。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入单个夹盘的空腔内。穿透部件可滑动地运动,以便从夹盘中向外伸出,从而穿透组织。各空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了接近穿透部件的细长部分的入口。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。该无菌屏障覆盖多个纵向开口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入单个夹盘的空腔内。穿透部件可滑动地运动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口中向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。该无菌屏障覆盖多个侧开口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括夹盘。多个穿透部件与夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织。穿透部件径向向外伸出以便穿透组织。电动的驱动力产生器可操作地与有效穿透部件连接,以便驱动穿透部件进入组织部位中。
系统可以包括穿透部件连接器,该穿透部件连接器安装在驱动力产生器上,该连接器设置成与一个有效穿透部件形成摩擦连接。
系统还包括用于使穿透部件连接器运动到与活动穿透部件接触的装置。
穿透部件连接器可以垂直运动。
系统还包括致动器,用于使辐射状夹盘旋转。
系统还包括用于与一个有效穿透部件连接的装置。
系统可以包括穿透部件分析物检测部件,该穿透部件分析物检测部件定位成监测一个有效穿透部件。穿透部件分析物检测部件设置成提供关于穿透部件穿过皮肤表面的穿透深度的信息。
穿透深度可以是100至2500微米。
穿透深度可以是500至750微米。
穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度但不超过大约1000微米。
穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度但不超过大约500微米。
穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度但不超过大约300微米。
穿透深度可以小于皮肤表面的皮肤角质层厚度和400微米的总和。
穿透部件传感器还可以设置成控制穿透部件的速度。
有效穿透部件可以沿基本线性路经运动至组织内。
有效穿透部件可以沿至少部分弯曲的路经运送至组织内。
驱动器可以是音圈驱动力产生器。
驱动器可以是旋转音圈驱动力产生器。
穿透部件传感器可以与处理器连接,该处理器发出用于穿透部件驱动器的控制指令。
处理器包括存储器,用于储存和取出一组用于穿透部件驱动器的穿透部件轮廓。
处理器可以用于在穿透部件沿第一方向运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度。
处理器可以用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,以便使穿透部件获得合适速度。
当穿透部件接触目标组织时,处理器可以用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,这样,穿透部件在合适的速度范围内穿透目标组织。
处理器可以用于在穿透部件沿第一方向朝着目标组织运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度,其中,施加给穿透部件的发射力根据穿透部件的位置和速度来控制。
处理器可以用于控制施加给穿透部件的后退力,这样,穿透部件可以沿第二方向运动离开目标组织。
穿透部件沿第一方向朝着目标组织运动的速度可以与穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度不同。驱动器可以通过处理器控制来进行该运动。
穿透部件沿第一方向朝着目标组织运动的速度可以大于穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度。
穿透部件沿第一方向的速度可以在大约2.0至10.0m/sec范围内。
穿透部件在沿第一方向的组织穿透冲程过程中的平均速度可以比穿透部件在沿第二方向的退回冲程过程中的平均速度大大约100至大约1000倍。
穿透部件传感器可以是电容增量编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以只是增量编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以是光学编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以是干涉编码器。
穿透部件可以以遵循切缝速度型面的速度而沿路径前进。
穿透部件可以是用户界面,该用户界面设置成传递穿透部件性能或穿透部件设定值中的至少一个。
用户界面可以设置成为用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输入:穿透部件穿透深度、穿透部件速度、合适的速度型面、穿透部件进入目标组织中的速度、穿透部件离开目标组织的速度、穿透部件在目标组织中的停留时间、穿透部件的观察(tent)和保持特征。
用户界面可以向用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输出:可用穿透部件数目、用过的穿透部件的数目、穿透部件在目标组织穿透循环中的实际穿透深度、角质层厚度、在目标组织穿透循环中施加的力、穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件进入目标组织的能量、穿透部件的停留时间、电池状态、系统状态、已消耗的能量、以及在目标组织穿透循环过程中的穿透部件速度型面。
用户界面可以是从以下可视显示器组中选择的至少一种:LCD、LED、TFT和背光LCD显示器。
用户界面可以包括从以下组中选择的输入装置:按钮、接触垫和触敏视觉显示器。
系统还可以包括数据交换装置,用于使穿透部件驱动器与支持设备连接。
支持设备可以是从以下组中选择的至少一种:个人计算机、调制解调器、PDA和计算机网络。
系统还可以包括数据界面,该数据界面设置成使皮肤穿透系统通过数据界面与支持设备连接。
数据界面可以是从以下组中选择的至少一种:Serial RS-232、调制解调器界面、USB、HPNA、Ethernet、光学界面、IRDA、RF界面、蓝牙界面、蜂窝电话界面、2路呼机界面、标准并行端口界面、近场磁耦合和RF收发器。
用户界面可以包括实时时钟以及一个或多个警报器,以便提醒用户需要进行下一次目标穿透事件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括夹盘,该夹盘有开口,该开口穿过夹盘的中心延伸。多个穿透部件与该夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织。穿透部件径向向外伸出以便穿透组织。穿透部件驱动器至少部分位于中心开口内。驱动器可与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动穿透部件进入组织部位中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括单个夹盘。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并选择地驱动以便穿透组织。驱动力产生器可与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动穿透部件进入组织部位中。反馈回路控制与驱动力产生器连接的有效穿透部件的位置。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括单个夹盘。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并选择地驱动以便穿透组织。驱动力产生器可与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动穿透部件进入组织部位中。驱动力产生器驱动至少一个穿透部件,以便遵循速度型面。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接。多个棘爪表面处于夹盘上,用于使夹盘前进。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少50个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
在一个非限定实例中,直径可以不大于大约5cm。
夹盘的体积不超过大约0.5cm3/穿透部件的充填密度或单独体积。
夹盘的体积并不超过大约0.1cm3/穿透部件的充填密度。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少100个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括多个夹盘。各夹盘包括多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接。夹盘装载装置使至少一个夹盘运动,以便选择地与穿透部件驱动器连接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝装置包括穿透部件夹盘。穿透部件可退回并保持在夹盘中,这样,它们不能再次使用。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝装置包括夹盘。还提供了箔或密封件,且该箔或密封件通过与穿透部件不同的机构来破坏。
在本发明的另一实施例中,使用多个穿透部件的切缝系统包括穿透部件驱动器。夹盘装有多个穿透部件。穿透部件释放装置使得一个穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放。提供了穿透部件连接装置。夹盘可定位成使得一个穿透部件与连接器啮合以及与穿透部件驱动器可操作地连接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔。多个空腔由密封层密封。多个分析物检测部件通过使分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接而提供。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔。当各空腔处于密封状态时对夹盘进行杀菌。夹盘包含至少一个穿透部件。无菌屏障施加在该夹盘上。该屏障覆盖多个空腔。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法将处于无菌环境中的多个穿透部件分别朝着穿透部件发射位置输送。一个穿透部件在驱动之前可从无菌环境中释放。穿透部件运动至发射位置,以便与穿透部件驱动器操作连接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了穿透部件驱动器。视觉显示器安装在穿透部件驱动器上。显示器与处理器连接,并传递从切缝性能或切缝设置中选择的穿透部件信息。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件。穿透无菌屏障。屏障从一个有效穿透部件的通路上被清除。与该一个有效穿透部件形成摩擦连接。驱动该一个有效穿透部件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个裸露的刺血针。与一个活动的裸露刺血针形成摩擦连接。驱动该一个有效穿透部件。
本发明的这些和其它目的通过一种与夹具一起使用的装置来实现。提供了夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少部分装入夹盘的空腔中。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘中向外伸出,从而穿透组织。各空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了能够接近穿透部件的细长部分的入口。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。该无菌屏障覆盖多个纵向开口。无菌屏障设置成进行运动,以便使夹具能够在不与屏障接触的情况下接近该细长部分。
夹盘可以包括至少一个狭窄部分,该狭窄部分与一个穿透部件形成摩擦连接。
各空腔还可以包括侧开口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置包括夹盘和多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接。各穿透部件的远端足够尖锐,以便穿刺组织。各穿透部件可相对于其它的穿透部件运动,从而使各穿透部件的远端运动,以便穿刺组织。各穿透部件是裸露的刺血针,且在驱动过程中并不穿透外部无菌屏障。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置提供有夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔内。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。无菌屏障覆盖多个侧开口,并设置成进行运动,以便使穿透部件在不与该屏障接触的情况下离开侧开口。
覆盖侧开口的无菌屏障可以设置成基本垂直地运动,从而使穿透部件在不与屏障接触的情况下离开侧开口。
覆盖侧开口的无菌屏障可以设置成进行向下穿孔,从而使穿透部件在不与屏障接触的情况下离开侧开口。
覆盖侧开口的无菌屏障可以至少部分破裂,从而使穿透部件在不与屏障接触的情况下离开侧开口。
无菌屏障可以定位成确定了相对于水平方向成大约3度和90度之间的角度的表面。
无菌屏障可以定位成确定了相对于水平方向成大约45度角度的表面。
无菌屏障可以由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:铝、聚合物和纸。
无菌屏障可以由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成的层叠物而制成:铝、聚合物和纸。
夹盘可以包括至少一个狭窄部分,该狭窄部分与一个穿透部件形成摩擦连接。
夹盘包括在各穿透部件的削尖端部附近的至少一个狭窄部分,在驱动过程中,该狭窄部分用作穿透部件的引导件。
夹盘可以包括多个凹坑,用于帮助夹盘转换角度。
夹盘可以包括多个凹坑,这些凹坑基本靠近夹盘的内径表面,用于帮助夹盘转换角度。
夹盘可以包括在夹盘上的多个凹坑,用于帮助夹盘转换角度,其中,凹坑并不位于夹盘的外周表面上。
夹盘可以包括多个凹槽,这些凹槽定位成收集无菌屏障的多余材料。
多个穿透部件可以有削尖尖端,该削尖尖端指向径向内侧,该部件可径向向内运动以便穿透组织。
夹盘可以有扁平辐射状形状。
夹盘可以包括具有圆锥形形状的至少一部分。
装置可以有至少一个空的空腔,用于当装载夹盘时接收穿透部件夹具。
多个穿透部件可以基本在公共平面上。
多个穿透部件可以为裸露的刺血针。
多个穿透部件可以分别包括至少一个凹槽,以便有利于处理。
多个穿透部件可以包括至少一个弯曲的刺血针。
空腔可以包括凹坑,用于接收穿透部件夹具。
各穿透部件可以置于空腔中的凸起上,该凸起设置成便于使穿透部件与在穿透部件夹具上的狭槽啮合。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置提供了用于以辐射状形状容纳多个穿透部件的装置。穿透部件可单独与驱动器连接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔中。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。无菌屏障覆盖至少一个侧开口,并设置成进行运动,从而使得在驱动过程中从侧开口离开的穿透部件将不会与该屏障接触。电动的驱动力产生器与一个有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动该有效穿透部件进入组织部位中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统有夹具,该夹具确定了多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔中。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障与夹盘连接。无菌屏障覆盖至少一个侧开口,并设置成进行运动,从而使得在驱动过程中从侧开口离开的穿透部件将不会与该屏障接触。在驱动过程中,反馈回路控制各穿透部件从夹盘向外伸出的轨迹。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括具有多个空腔的单个夹盘。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔中。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘向外伸出,从而穿透组织。各空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了能够接近穿透部件的细长部分的入口。无菌屏障与夹盘连接,并覆盖多个纵向开口。穿孔器可运动,以便穿透无菌屏障,并从由无菌屏障产生的无菌环境中释放一个穿透部件。
穿孔器可以定位成穿透在有效空腔附近的空腔的无菌屏障。
穿孔器可以定位成穿透空腔的无菌屏障,该空腔可以不是有效空腔。
穿孔器在由凸轮表面推动时可以垂直运动。
夹盘在由凸轮表面推动时可以垂直运动。
凸轮可以有辐射状形状,用于促使穿孔器运动。
凸轮可以有辐射状形状,用于促使夹盘推动器运动,该夹盘推动器再使夹盘运动。
系统可以有棘爪机构,该棘爪机构防止凸轮使得穿孔器进行相反运动。
机械滑动器可以由用户驱动,该滑动器设置成驱动凸轮,该凸轮促使穿孔器运动。
电动的力产生器可以用于驱动一个有效穿透部件。
电动的力产生器可以用于驱动一个有效穿透部件。
位置分析物检测部件可以与力产生器连接,用于确定一个有效穿透部件的位置。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统有单个夹盘,该单个夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件至少局部装入空腔中。穿透部件可进行滑动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障与夹盘连接,并覆盖多个侧开口。穿孔器可进行运动,以便穿透无菌屏障,并将无菌屏障推至这样的位置,即使得穿透部件在不与无菌屏障接触的情况下进行驱动。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并可与驱动器连接。在夹盘上的多个开口设置成将夹盘定位成使得未使用的穿透部件与驱动器对齐。致动器设置成与开口啮合,并驱动夹盘,以便使未使用的穿透部件与驱动器对齐。
多个开口可以靠近夹盘的内径表面。
多个开口可以位于夹盘的底侧。
致动器可以是电动的。
致动器可以与由用户驱动的机械滑动器连接。
致动器可以水平运动,以便使夹盘转换角度。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括驱动器。夹盘有多个裸露的刺血针,这些刺血针与夹盘连接。刺血针夹具与驱动器连接。夹具有狭槽,用于接收至少一个裸露的刺血针。狭槽与裸露刺血针产生摩擦夹持。
夹具可以有音叉形形状。
夹具可以相对于刺血针垂直运动,以便与刺血针的细长部分啮合。
夹具块可以用于使夹具与驱动器连接。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统包括刺血针驱动器。多个刺血针处于盘形壳体中。还包括刺血针夹具。提供了刺血针释放装置,用于使刺血针在使用之前从无菌环境中释放。致动器设置成使盘形壳体相对于刺血针夹具运动,以便使一个刺血针与刺血针夹具接触。
刺血针释放装置可以包括穿孔器,该穿孔器足够尖锐,以便穿透封闭包含刺血针的空腔的无菌屏障。
刺血针释放装置可以包括穿孔器,该穿孔器足够尖锐,以便穿透封闭包含刺血针的空腔的无菌屏障,并形成为将该屏障推向空腔的侧部。
刺血针释放装置可以包括穿孔器,该穿孔器有:第一部分,用于穿刺无菌屏障的一个位置;以及第二部分,用于打开无菌屏障的第二位置。
刺血针驱动器可以是电动的驱动器。
释放装置可以包括活动部件,该活动部件足以穿刺刺血针封闭件。
系统还可以包括刺血针连接器,该刺血针连接器用于与一个刺血针啮合,并独立地使一个刺血针沿从壳体向外的路径前进至目标组织内和退回至壳体中。
系统还可以包括刺血针连接器,该刺血针连接器适于与一个模块啮合,并使一个模块和一个刺血针前进,这样,一个刺血针沿从壳体向外沿的路径前进至目标组织内和退回至壳体中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,切缝系统可以包括刺血针驱动器。夹盘壳体提供有多个刺血针。刺血针夹具与刺血针驱动器连接。刺血针释放装置使一个刺血针在使用之前从无菌环境中释放。夹盘可相对于刺血针驱动器运动,以便使一个刺血针与刺血针夹具啮合和脱开。
刺血针驱动器和夹盘可以处于相同平面中。
夹盘可以相对于刺血针驱动器垂直运动。
在本发明的另一实施例中,提供了一种切缝系统,该切缝系统与驱动器一起使用,并可以包括用于使穿透部件从夹盘上的无菌封闭件中释放的装置。夹盘有多个无菌封闭件和多个穿透部件。还包括用于使穿透部件与驱动器对齐和可操作连接的装置。
在本发明的另一实施例中,提供了一种用于将夹盘装入切缝装置壳体中的方法,该夹盘有多个穿透部件。各穿透部件从夹盘上的无菌环境中释放。穿透部件在壳体中朝着发射位置运输。刺血针装载成与装置中的穿透部件驱动器操作连接。
穿透部件的释放可以包括使用穿孔器来穿透在发射位置中的空腔附近的空腔的无菌屏障。
输送可以包括使夹盘旋转,以便使空腔和释放的穿透部件一起运动至发射位置。
装载可以包括在穿透部件和驱动器之间产生摩擦连接。
装载可以包括使夹盘相对于驱动器运动,以便使驱动器与释放的穿透部件接触。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个独立密封的空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件。穿孔板降低以便从一个密封空腔中释放未使用的穿透部件。夹盘进行旋转,以便使得未使用的穿透部件与夹具对齐。通过将穿透部件插入夹具上的接收狭槽中而与穿透部件形成摩擦啮合。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件。各部件通过与夹盘连接而进行保持。穿透部件与夹具啮合。第一力产生器用于使夹具以足以使得穿透部件从与夹盘的连接中释放的方式运动。第二力产生器用于使夹具以足以驱动穿透部件进入组织中的方式运动。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件。各部件通过与夹盘连接而进行保持。还提供了穿孔装置和穿透部件夹具。在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,且夹盘与夹具分离。在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,且夹具在夹盘中的未使用穿透部件上面对齐。在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,且夹具与未使用的穿透部件啮合。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了刺血针驱动器。视觉显示器安装在刺血针驱动器上。该显示器与处理器连接,传递(relay)从切缝性能或切缝设置中选择的刺血针信息。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件插入夹盘的空腔中并至少部分装入该空腔内。穿透部件可滑动,以便从夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织。无菌屏障添加在夹盘上,并覆盖多个侧开口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,用于保持穿透部件。在各空腔处于密封状态时对夹盘进行杀菌。夹盘装有多个穿透部件。平面片状的无菌屏障材料用于覆盖多个空腔,以便在各空腔内部产生无菌环境。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个裸露的刺血针。无菌屏障的至少一部分进行运动,这样,一个有效的裸露刺血针在不与无菌屏障接触的情况下离开夹盘以便穿透组织。该一个有效的裸露刺血针在穿透组织之后退回至夹盘内。
运动可以包括使用穿孔器来使得无菌屏障的至少一部分破裂。
运动包括使穿孔器垂直运动以便穿透无菌屏障。
该方法还包括使夹盘运动成使得释放的裸露刺血针与刺血针夹具对齐。
该方法还可以包括使用凸轮平面来使穿孔器运动,以便穿透无菌屏障。
该方法还可以包括由病人使机械滑动器运动,以便驱动凸轮表面,该凸轮表面使穿孔器运动,以便穿透无菌屏障。
本发明的这些和其它目的通过一种与穿透部件一起使用以便穿透组织的装置来实现。多个穿透部件与单个夹盘连接,并与该穿透部件驱动器可操作相连。该穿透部件可运动以便从夹盘径向向外伸出,从而穿透组织。多个分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接,并定位在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接。
至少一个分析物检测部件可以与至少一个穿透部件相连。
夹盘可以是扁平径向盘。
夹盘的直径可以小于6cm。
夹盘的直径可以小于5cm、4cm、3cm或2cm。
夹盘可以是单个本体。
在一个实施例中,穿透部件并不通过弹性部件安装在夹盘上。
用于本发明的分析物检测部件可以是电化学分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以是电势分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以安装在夹盘上。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组分析物检测部件。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组分析物检测部件,其中,该组中的多个分析物检测部件有不同的分析物灵敏度范围。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组由纳米丝(nano wire)形成的分析物检测部件。
各穿透部件可以是没有模制附件的细长部件。
各穿透部件可以是基本恒定直径的细长丝。
各穿透部件可以由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口。多个穿透部件有削尖尖端。该削尖尖端可运动,以便穿透组织;多个分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接。无菌屏障覆盖开口。
穿透部件可以有削尖的远端,并可以布置成辐射状图形,且各削尖远端指向径向外侧。
分析物检测部件可以定位在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
分析物检测部件可以是电化学分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以是电势分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
无菌屏障在破裂之前可以使开口内部保持无菌环境。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接。穿透部件可运动向外伸出,以便穿透组织。多个分析物检测部件与该单个夹盘连接。分析物检测部件接收进入空腔的体液。
分析物检测部件可以确定空腔的一部分。
分析物检测部件可以安装在空腔中。
装置还可以包括覆盖空腔的无菌屏障。
分析物检测部件可以是电化学分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以是电势分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
至少一些分析物检测部件可以位于空腔的底表面上。
至少一些分析物检测部件可以位于空腔的侧表面上。
至少一些分析物检测部件可以位于空腔的顶表面上。
至少一些分析物检测部件可以位于空腔的弯曲表面上。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置可以包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个穿透部件空腔。多个穿透部件至少部分装入该空腔中。多个分析物检测部件安装在基片上。基片可以以对于各个空腔定位至少一个分析物检测部件的方式而与该单个夹盘连接。
基片可以从以下材料中选择:聚合物、金属箔或纸。
基片可以包括由以下材料的任意组合制成的层叠物:聚合物、金属箔或纸。
分析物检测部件可以确定空腔的一部分。
无菌屏障可以覆盖多个开口。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置可以包括单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个空腔。可以提供了多个穿透部件,且至少一个穿透部件在至少一个空腔中。多个分析物检测部件在一层材料上,该层材料可与单个夹盘连接。至少两个空腔各自有至少一个分析物检测部件,该分析物检测部件与一个空腔连通。该分析物检测部件位于夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
在一个非限定实施例中,夹盘直径可以不大于5cm。
在一个实施例中,夹盘的体积的充填密度不超过每穿透部件和分析检测部件大约0.5cm3
在另一实施例中,夹盘的容积的充填密度不超过每穿透部件和分析检测部件大约0.1cm3
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少50个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸。包括至少50个分析物检测部件。各分析物检测部件与一个穿透部件相连。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
在本发明的另一实施例中,装置包括单个夹盘。至少100个穿透部件与该单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入该单个夹盘中。夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸。包括至少100个分析物检测部件。各分析物检测部件与一个穿透部件相连。当由穿透部件驱动器驱动时,穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
穿透部件驱动器可以是电动驱动器。
释放装置可以包括足以穿刺穿透部件封闭件的活动部件。
穿透部件连接器适于与一个穿透部件啮合,并使一个穿透部件沿从壳体向外的路径前进至目标组织内以及退回至壳体中。
一种试样模块可以有小于1微升的试样腔室容积。
穿透部件连接器适于与一个模块啮合,并使一个模块和一个穿透部件前进,这样,一个刺血针可以沿从壳体向外的路径前进至目标组织内以及退回至壳体中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个分析物检测部件。穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件以便穿透组织。用过的穿透部件和分析物检测部件保持与夹盘连接。具有用过的穿透部件和分析物检测部件的夹盘可以进行处理。整个夹盘通过将具有穿透部件和分析物检测部件的新夹盘插入穿透部件驱动器内而更换。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种切缝系统包括穿透部件驱动器。多个穿透部件在盘形壳体中。穿透部件释放装置使穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放,并使穿透部件进入将与穿透部件驱动器操作连接的位置。提供了多个采样模块。各模块与一个穿透部件连接,并装入盘形壳体中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用的切缝系统包括用于容纳多个穿透部件和分析物检测部件的装置。还提供了用于使一个穿透部件从容纳装置上的密封封闭件中释放的装置。还包括用于使一个穿透部件与穿透部件驱动器操作地连接的装置。一个分析物检测部件接收来自通过一个穿透部件在组织中产生的伤口的体液。
在本发明的另一实施例中,体液采样系统包括夹盘。多个穿透部件与夹盘连接,并选择地驱动,以便穿透组织。穿透部件径向向外伸出,以便穿透组织。多个分析物检测部件与夹盘连接。电动的驱动力产生器设置成驱动处于发射位置的一个穿透部件进入组织部位内。
驱动力产生器可以设置成顺序驱动穿透部件,各部件沿通路从发射位置进入组织部位和离开该组织部位。
系统还可以包括穿透部件连接器,该穿透部件连接器安装驱动力产生器,该连接器设置成与处于发射位置的一个穿透部件形成摩擦连接。
系统还可以包括用于使穿透部件与驱动力产生器的连接器接触的装置。
穿透部件连接器可以垂直运动。
系统还可以包括致动器,用于使辐射状夹盘旋转。
系统还可以包括用于使力产生器与一个穿透部件连接的装置。
系统还可以包括穿透部件传感器,该穿透部件传感器定位成监测与力产生器连接的穿透部件,该穿透部件传感器设置成提供关于穿透部件穿透皮肤表面的深度的信息。
穿透深度可以为大约100至2500微米。
穿透深度可以为大约500至750微米。
在非限定实施例中,穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约1000微米。
穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约500微米。
穿透深度可以大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约300微米。
穿透深度可以小于皮肤表面的皮肤角质层厚度和400微米的总和。
穿透部件传感器还可以设置成控制穿透部件的速度。
有效穿透部件可以沿基本线性通路运动至组织内。
有效穿透部件可以沿至少部分弯曲的通路运动至组织内。
驱动器可以是音圈驱动力产生器。
驱动器可以是旋转音圈驱动力产生器。
穿透部件传感器可以与处理器连接,该处理器发出用于穿透部件驱动器的控制指令。
处理器包括存储器,用于储存和取出一组用于穿透部件驱动器的穿透部件轮廓(profile)。
处理器可以用于在穿透部件沿第一方向运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度。
处理器可以用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,以便使穿透部件获得合适速度。
当穿透部件接触目标组织时,处理器可以用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,这样,穿透部件在合适的速度范围内穿透目标组织。
处理器可以用于在穿透部件沿第一方向朝着目标组织运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度,其中,施加给穿透部件的发射力根据穿透部件的位置和速度来控制。
处理器可以用于控制施加给穿透部件的后退力,这样,穿透部件可以沿第二方向运动离开目标组织。
穿透部件沿第一方向朝目标组织运动的速度可以与穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度不同。
在第一方向,穿透部件沿第一方向朝目标组织运动的速度可以大于穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度的速度。
穿透部件沿第一方向的速度可以在大约2.0至10.0m/sec范围内。
穿透部件在沿第一方向的组织穿透冲程过程中的平均速度可以比穿透部件在沿第二方向的退回冲程过程中的平均速度大大约100至大约1000倍。
穿透部件传感器可以是电容增量编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以是增量编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以是光学编码器。
穿透部件传感器可以是干涉编码器。
穿透部件可以以遵循切缝速度型面的速度而沿一通路前进。
系统还可以包括用户界面,该用户界面设置成传递穿透部件性能或穿透部件设置中的至少一个。
用户界面可以设置成为用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输入:穿透部件穿透深度、穿透部件速度、合适的速度型面、穿透部件进入目标组织中的速度、穿透部件离开目标组织的速度、穿透部件在目标组织中的停留时间、穿透部件的观察和保持特征。
用户界面可以向用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输出:可用穿透部件数目、用过的穿透部件的数目、穿透部件在目标组织穿透循环中的实际穿透深度、角质层厚度、在目标组织穿透循环中施加的力、穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件进入目标组织的能量、穿透部件的停留时间、电池状态、系统状态、消耗的能量、以及在目标组织穿透循环过程中的穿透部件速度型面。
用户界面可以是从以下组中选择的至少一种:LCD、LED、TFT和背光LCD显示器。
用户界面可以包括从以下组中选择的输入装置:按钮、接触垫和触敏视觉显示器。
系统还可以包括数据交换装置,用于使穿透部件驱动器与支持设备连接。
支持设备可以是从以下组中选择的至少一种:个人计算机、调制解调器、PDA和计算机网络。
系统还可以包括数据界面,该数据界面设置成使皮肤穿透系统通过数据界面与支持设备连接。
数据界面可以是从以下组中选择的至少一种:Serial RS-232、调制解调器界面、USB、HPNA、Ethernet、光学界面、IRDA、RF界面、蓝牙界面、蜂窝电话界面、2路呼机界面、标准并行端口界面、近场磁耦合和RF收发器。
用户界面可以包括实时时钟以及一个或多个警报器,以便提醒用户需要进行下一次目标穿透事件。
分析物检测部件可以是电化学分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以是电势分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
分析物检测部件可以安装在夹盘上。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组分析物检测部件。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组分析物检测部件,其中,该组中的多个分析物检测部件有不同的分析物灵敏度范围。
各分析物检测部件可以包括一组由纳米丝形成的分析物检测部件。
各穿透部件可以是没有模制附件的细长部件。
各穿透部件可以是基本恒定直径的细长丝。
各穿透部件可以由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置包括夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔。多个穿透部件有削尖尖端,并可滑动地与夹盘连接。各穿透部件可沿离开夹盘的路径相对于其它的穿透部件运动,以便穿透组织。包括多个分析物检测部件。至少一个分析物检测部件定位成当一个穿透部件产生组织中的伤口时接收体液。穿透部件布置有削尖尖端,该削尖尖端指向径向外侧。各空腔局部由可偏转部分确定。在第一位置,可偏转部分防止穿透部件离开夹盘。可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,以便产生开口,该开口允许刺血针从夹盘向外伸出。
可偏转部分可以垂直偏转。
可偏转部分可以水平偏转。
装置还可以包括在夹盘的平表面上面的无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖在该表面上的多个纵向开口。
各可偏转部分可以包括可穿透的壁,用于接收用过的穿透部件的削尖尖端。
装置还可以包括模块,该模块安装在一个穿透部件周围,并有至少一个分析物检测部件。
装置还可以包括模块,该模块可滑动地安装在一个穿透部件的周围,并有至少一个分析物检测部件,该模块可运动成靠近组织中的伤口。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔。多个空腔通过无菌屏障来密封。夹盘可以通过使分析物检测部件层与该夹盘连接而提供多个分析物检测部件。
分析物检测部件层可以包括固定在从以下组中选择的材料上的分析物检测部件:聚合物、箔或纸。
分析物检测部件可以是电化学分析物检测部件。
密封在空腔中产生了无菌环境。
方法可以包括将第二无菌屏障施加给夹盘。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种制造方法提供了夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,这些空腔至少局部保持多个穿透部件。当各个空腔处于密封状态时对夹盘进行杀菌。通过在无菌环境中打开空腔、使提供了分析物检测部件的分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接、并使空腔重新密封以便保持无菌环境,从而将分析物检测部件加在空腔上。
该方法还可以包括将无菌屏障加在夹盘上。
该方法还可以包括:提供步骤包括在杀菌之前添加覆盖空腔的无菌屏障。
该方法还可以包括分析物检测部件或检测部件,该分析物检测部件或检测部件包括不能承受穿透部件杀菌处理的组分。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种驱动穿透部件进入组织部位以便获得体液的方法提供了单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个分析物检测部件。流体从伤口道流出,该伤口道通过使一个穿透部件从夹盘径向向外前进进入组织部位中而产生。流体吸入该单个夹盘中,该夹盘使得至少一个分析物检测部件暴露于流体中。
该方法可以使用电动的驱动力产生器来使穿透部件前进。
夹盘可以有盘形结构。
各穿透部件可以是没有模制附件的细长部件。
各穿透部件可以是基本恒定直径的细长丝。
在一个实施例中,各穿透部件由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
夹盘可以有辐射状形状,并旋转以便使未使用的穿透部件进入用于驱动力产生器的发射位置中。
本发明的任何实施例可以包括用户界面,该用户界面设置成传递穿透部件性能或穿透部件设置中的至少一个。
用户界面可以设置成为用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输入:穿透部件穿透深度、穿透部件速度、合适的速度型面、穿透部件进入目标组织中的速度、穿透部件离开目标组织的速度、目标组织在目标组织中的停留时间、穿透部件的松弛参数。
用户界面可以向用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输出:可用穿透部件数目、用过的穿透部件的数目、穿透部件在目标组织的实际穿透深度、角质层厚度、在目标组织上施加的力、穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件进入目标组织的能量、穿透部件的停留时间、电池状态、系统状态、消耗的能量、穿透部件速度型面、关于在通过穿透部件穿透之前穿透部件与目标组织接触的信息、以及关于穿透部件在目标组织中运行时的速度变化的信息。
用户界面可以包括实时时钟以及一个或多个警报器,以便提醒用户需要进行下一次目标穿透事件。
系统可以有处理器,该处理器与穿透部件驱动器连接,并设置成接收来自用户界面的信号。
处理器可以设置成有助于根据目标组织参数调节施加在穿透部件驱动器上的力。用户界面处理器可以与用户界面连接。可以包括用于储存目标组织参数的存储器。可以包括用于储存目标组织穿透性能的数据的存储器。
系统可以包括存储器,用于储存以下至少一个数据:用过的穿透部件的数目、目标组织穿透事件的数目、上一次目标组织穿透事件的时间和数据、在警报和目标组织穿透事件之间的时间间隔、角质层厚度、时间、穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件进入目标组织而消耗的能量、穿透部件穿透深度、穿透部件速度、合适的速度型面、穿透部件进入目标组织中的速度、穿透部件离开目标组织的速度、穿透部件在目标组织中的停留时间、目标组织松弛参数、传递到目标组织上的力、穿透部件的停留时间、电池状态、系统状态、消耗的能量、穿透部件在穿过目标组织前进时的速度型面、目标组织松弛参数、关于在通过穿透部件穿透之前穿透部件与目标组织接触的信息、关于穿透部件在目标组织中运行时的速度变化的信息、关于消耗的分析物检测部件的信息、以及关于消耗的穿透部件的信息。如本领域技术人员所知,显示器或其它输出装置可以用于将存储器中的信息传递给用户。
用户界面可以响应声频指令。
用户界面可以包括用于检测声频指令的分析物检测部件。
用户界面可以通过声频装置将信息传送给用户。
用户界面可以通过无线电装置将信息传送给用户。
参考说明书的其余部分和附图,可以更清楚地理解本发明的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是表示用于穿刺皮肤以便获得血液试样的系统实施例的透视图;
图2是系统的可更换穿透部件夹盘形成部件的一部分的平面图;
图3是沿图2中的线3-3的剖视端视图;
图4是沿图2中的线4-4的剖视端视图;
图5是形成系统的部件并用作夹盘的操作部件的装置的透视图,表示了穿透部件加速器沿向下方向枢轴转动;
图6A是类似于图5的视图,表示了夹盘怎样旋转或前进;
图6B是表示穿透部件加速器怎样允许夹盘前进的侧剖图;
图7A和7B分别是类似于图6A和6B的视图,表示了穿透部件加速器沿相反方向枢轴转动,以便与在夹盘中选定的一个穿透部件啮合;
图8A和8B分别是类似于图7A和7B的视图,表示了穿透部件加速器怎样使选定的穿透部件运动以便穿刺皮肤;
图9A和9B分别是类似于图8A和8B的视图,表示了穿透部件加速器怎样使穿透部件返回它的初始位置;
图10是表示装置的功能部件的方框图;以及
图11是表示可选实施例的夹盘的端视图,该夹盘能够更好地粘接无菌屏障(barrier)。
图12是具有本发明特征的实施例的剖视图。
图13是具有本发明特征的实施例在工作时的剖视图。
图14是表示涂布在一个穿透部件接触表面上的低摩擦涂层的剖视图。
图15是表示施加在一个穿透部件接触表面上的涂层的剖视图,该涂层增加了摩擦,并增加了在穿透部件和穿透部件接触表面之间的微观接触面积。
图16表示了穿透部件夹盘的一部分,该穿透部件夹盘具有环形形状,有多个径向定向的穿透部件狭槽,且驱动部件的远侧边缘布置在一个穿透部件狭槽中。
图17是与有涂层穿透部件接触表面接触的有涂层穿透部件的局部纵剖图。
图18表示了具有本发明特征的切缝装置实施例。
图19是穿透部件夹盘基板的一部分的透视图,该基板有多个穿透部件狭槽和驱动部件引导狭槽,该驱动部件引导狭槽径向向内布置,并与该穿透部件狭槽对齐。
图20-22表示了在切缝循环的三个连续阶段中的穿透部件夹盘(剖视)、驱动部件、穿透部件和病人手指尖端。
图23表示了具有本发明特征的穿透部件实施例。
图24是图12的穿透部件夹盘的一部分的分解图。
图25和26表示了布置在穿透部件狭槽上面的多层无菌屏障,在切缝循环中,该无菌屏障由穿透部件的远端穿透。
图27和28表示了与驱动器连接的驱动部件实施例,其中,驱动部件包括具有削尖边缘的切割部件,该削尖边缘设置成在切缝循环中切穿穿透部件狭槽的无菌屏障,以便使驱动部件与穿透部件接触。
图29和30表示了穿透部件狭槽(纵向剖视)和驱动部件的实施例,该穿透部件狭槽有布置在它的远端处的倾斜部分,该驱动部件有在其远端的切割边缘,用于在切缝循环中切穿无菌屏障。
图31-34表示了在穿透部件夹盘中的驱动部件狭槽,其中,驱动部件狭槽的至少一部分有锥形开口,该锥形开口的横向尺寸在驱动部件狭槽顶部比驱动部件底部更大。
图35-37表示了穿透部件夹盘和穿透部件驱动部件的实施例,其中,穿透部件驱动部件有轮廓形(contoured)夹头,该夹头设置成夹住穿透部件轴。
图38和39表示了具有盖子的切缝装置的一部分,该盖子能够打开,以便暴露穿透部件夹盘的空腔,用于取出用完的穿透部件夹盘,并插入新的穿透部件夹盘。
图40和41表示了在两侧有穿透部件狭槽的穿透部件夹盘。
图42-44表示了具有多个穿透部件狭槽的穿透部件夹盘的端视图和透视图,这些穿透部件狭槽由穿透部件夹盘的波纹形表面形成。
图45-48表示了穿透部件和驱动部件的实施例,其中,该穿透部件有具有狭槽的轴,该驱动部件有凸起,该凸起设置成与穿透部件轴的狭槽匹配。
图49是本发明的夹盘的透视图。
图50和51表示了外周的不同夹盘的放大视图。
图52是夹盘的底侧的透视图。
图53A表示了夹盘以及穿孔器和推动器装置的俯视图。
图53B是穿孔器板的一个实施例的透视图。
图54A-54G表示了穿孔器板、夹盘以及夹盘推动器的运动顺序。
图55A-55B表示了本发明系统的剖视图。
图56A表示了本发明系统的透视图。
图56B-56D表示了在本发明中的机构的局部去掉后的视图。
图57-65B表示了本发明的可选实施例。
图66-68表示了本发明的夹盘的其它实施例。
图69A-69L表示了本发明的夹盘的可选实施例的运动顺序。
图70-72表示了用于本发明另一实施例的夹盘的采样模块的视图。
图73表示了具有无菌屏障和分析物检测部件层的夹盘。
图74-78表示了与夹盘连接的分析物检测部件的另一实施例。
图79-84表示了用于本发明的夹盘的可选结构。
图85表示了本发明的一个系统的一个实施例的透视图。
图86是本发明可选实施例的系统的示意图。
图87A-87B表示了本发明另一实施例的夹盘。
图88表示了具有一组分析物检测部件的夹盘。
图89-90表示了用于本发明的照明系统的实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于体液采样的多分析物检测部件。特别是,本发明的一些实施例提供了多分析物检测部件和多刺血针方法,用于测量身体中的分析物水平。本发明可以采用高密度设计。它可以使用比已知刺血针更小尺寸的刺血针。装置可以用于多次切割事件,而不需要从装置中除去一次性用品。本发明还提供了改进的检测能量。这些和其它在本文中所述的目的的至少一部分将通过本发明的实施例来实现。
应当知道,前面的总体说明和后面的详细说明只是示例和解释性的,并不是限制所要求的本发明。应当知道,当用于说明书和附加权利要求中时,单数形式“一”、“一个”包括多个对象,除非在上下文中清楚指出不是这样。因此,例如“一种材料”可以包括材料的混合物,“一个腔室”可以包括多个腔室。因此,这里所引用的参考文献将整个参引,除非它们的内容与本说明书中所述明显冲突。
在说明书和随后的权利要求中,多个术语将定义为具有以下意思:
“选择的”或“选择地”的意思是随后所述的情况可能发生或者可能不发生,因此,该说明包括该情况发生的实例和该情况不发生的实例。例如,当装置选择地包含用于分析血液试样的特征时,它的意思是该分析特征可能有,也可能没有,因此,该说明包括装置有分析特征的结构以及没有该分析特征的结构。
“分析物检测部件”是指使用(单独或组合)化学测试试剂和方法、电测试电路和方法、物理测试组分和方法、光学测试组分和方法、以及生物测试试剂和方法来产生关于血液试样的信息。这些方法为本领域公知,并例如可以基于以下教导:Tietz Textbook of ClinicalChemistry,3d ED,Sec.V,pp.776-78(Burtis & Ashwood,Eds.,W.B.Saunders Company,Philadelphia,1999);授予Chrismore等的美国专利No.5997817(1999年12月7日);授予Phillips等的美国专利No.5059394(1991年10月22日);授予Wagner等的美国专利No.5001054(1991年3月19日);以及授予Nakamura等的美国专利No.4392933(1983年7月12日)等,这些文献的内容被本文参引。分析物检测部件可以包括在测试血液的电化学特性的试样测试腔中的测试,或者它们可以包括用于检测血液的光学特性(例如氧饱和度水平)的光学装置,或者它们可以包括用于检测血液特征(例如抗原的存在)的生物试剂(例如抗体)。分析物检测部件可以包括将与血液或其它体液中的分析物(例如葡萄糖)反应的生物检测或反应试剂材料,这样,产生与分析物的存在相关的合适信号,并能够由阅读机装置读出。通过非限定实例,当分析物检测部件参与向阅读机装置提供关于血液试样的合适信号的功能时,该分析物检测部件可以与腔室或其它结构“相连”、“安装在”该腔室或其它结构中、或者“与该腔室或其它结构“连接”。分析物检测部件还可以包括纳米丝分析物检测部件,如本文所述。分析物检测部件可以使用电势测定方法、电量测定方法或其它用于检测分析物水平的方法。
附图1-11表示了系统10的一个实施例,用于穿刺皮肤以便获得血液试样。系统10可以包括:可更换的夹盘12;以及装置14,用于可拆卸地接收夹盘12,并用于操作夹盘12的部件。
一起参考图1和2,夹盘12可以包括多个穿透部件18。夹盘12可以为圆盘形式,并有外部圆形表面20以及形成内部圆形表面22的开口。多个槽24形成于夹盘12的平表面26中。各槽24为细长形,并从夹盘12的中心点径向向外延伸。各槽24形成为穿过外部圆形表面20。尽管未示出,但是应当知道,槽24形成于平表面26的整个圆周上。如图3和4所示,各槽24在越靠近夹盘12中心点处越窄,而在越远离中心点处稍微更宽。槽24可以模制在夹盘12中、在夹盘12中机械加工、或者使用其它可用于医疗装置制造的方法来形成。
在本实施例中,各穿透部件18有细长本体26和削尖的远端27,该远端27有尖锐的尖端30。该穿透部件18具有圆形截面,在本实施例中的直径为大约0.315mm。穿透部件18的所有外表面都有相同的摩擦系数。穿透部件可以是(但不必须)裸露的刺血针。刺血针为“裸露”,意思是在它上面没有隆起形状或模制的部件,该部件可与其它结构互补地啮合。普通的刺血针包括较大的塑料模制部件,该部件用于方便啮合。不幸的是,该附件增加了尺寸和成本。在最基本的意义中,裸露刺血针或裸露穿透部件是具有削尖端部的金属丝。当它的直径足够小时,尖端可以在不必进行削尖的情况下进行穿透。裸露的刺血针可以弯曲,这也认为是裸露刺血针。在一个实施例中,裸露的刺血针可以由一种材料制成。
在本实施例中,各穿透部件18分别位于各个槽24中。穿透部件18使它们的削尖远端27从夹盘12的中心点径向向外指。各穿透部件18的近端可以与相应槽24的相对侧边进行干涉配合的啮合,如图3所示。夹盘12的其它实施例可以并不采用这样的干涉配合。例如,它们可以使用可折断的粘接剂来将穿透部件18可释放地固定在夹盘12上。如图4所示,穿透部件18的更远侧的部分并不与槽24的相对侧边啮合,因为在侧边之间的间距更大。
夹盘12还可以包括安装在上表面26上的无菌屏障28。该无菌屏障28位于穿透部件18上面,用于使该穿透部件18与外部污染物隔离。无菌屏障28由当装置的边缘对其施加力时很容易破裂的材料来制造。无菌屏障28可以单独使用或与其它屏障组合使用,以便用于在切缝或驱动之前在至少穿透部件的尖端附近产生无菌环境。无菌屏障28可以由各种材料制成,例如但不局限于:金属箔、铝箔、纸、聚合物材料、或者上述任意材料的层叠组合。无菌屏障的其它详细情况将在本文中详细介绍。
在本实施例中,装置14可以包括壳体30、起动器按钮32、穿透部件运动子组件34、夹盘前进子组件36、电池38、电容器40、微处理器控制器42和开关44。壳体30可以有下部46和盖子48。盖子48通过铰链50而固定在下部46上。下部46有凹口52。在下部46中的圆形开口54确定了凹口52的外边界,而下部46的水平平台56确定了凹口52的基底。
在使用时,本实施例的盖子48枢轴转动至图1中所示的位置。夹盘12翻转并布置在凹口52中。平表面26抵靠在水平平台56上,且圆形开口54与外部圆形表面20接触,以便防止夹盘12在平面内运动。然后,盖子48沿方向60枢轴转动,并封闭夹盘12。
参考图5中所示的实施例,穿透部件运动子组件34包括杠杆62、穿透部件加速器64、线性致动器66和弹簧68。其它合适致动器包括但不局限于旋转致动器,如共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/127395(律师文号No.38187-2551)所述,它的申请日为2002年4月19日。杠杆62可枢轴转动地固定在下部46上。按钮32位于在下部46之外的可接近位置处,并通过穿过下部46的轴70而与杠杆62的一端连接。穿透部件加速器64安装在杠杆62的相对端上。用户沿向上方向66按压按钮32,这样,轴70使得杠杆62的、与它连接的端部沿向上方向枢轴转动。杠杆的相对端沿向下方向枢轴转动。弹簧46位于按钮32和底座40之间,并当按压按钮32时压缩,以便产生将使按钮32向下运动和使穿透部件加速器沿与方向64相反的方向向上枢轴转动的力。
参考图6A和6B,在该特定实施例中,按钮运动至图5中所示的位置还使得在轴20上的端子74与固定在下部46上的端子76接触。在端子74和76之间的接触表示按钮32已经完全按下。通过按压按钮32,夹盘12可以在不与穿透部件加速器64干涉的情况下旋转。因此,夹盘前进器子系统36包括小齿轮80和步进马达82。该步进马达82固定在下部46上。该小齿轮80固定在步进马达82上,并通过步进马达82而旋转。小齿轮80上的齿与夹盘12的内部圆形表面22上的齿啮合。小齿轮80的旋转使得夹盘12绕它的中心点旋转。端子74和76每次进行接触时,步进马达82操作,以便使得夹盘12旋转通过一定离散角度,该离散角度等于从一个穿透部件18中心线至相邻穿透部件中心线的角度间隔。因此,选定的穿透部件18运动至穿透部件加速器64上面,如图6B所示。按钮32的随后压低将使得随后的相邻穿透部件18运动至在穿透部件加速器64上面的位置。
然后,用户释放按钮上的压力,如图7A所示。由弹簧68或其它弹性部件产生的力将使得按钮32沿向下方向76运动。轴70可枢轴转动地固定在杠杆62上,这样,轴70使得杠杆62的、与它连接的端部向下运动。杠杆62的相对端使得穿透部件加速器64沿向上方向80枢轴转动,如图7B所示,穿透部件加速器64的边缘82穿破无菌屏障28的一部分,并与穿透部件18的下侧表面物理接触。
参考图8A,线性致动器66包括分开的前进线圈86A和后退线圈86B以及在该线圈86A和86B中的可磁化铁心。线圈86A和86B固定在下部46上,而铁心90可在线圈86A和86B中运动。一旦穿透部件加速器64位于图7A和7B所示的位置,电流至供给前进线圈86。根据电磁学的普通原理,在前进线圈86中的电流产生作用在铁心90上的、沿方向88的力。
轴承91固定在杠杆上,且穿透部件加速器64有在轴承91上面的狭槽92。狭槽92使得穿透部件加速器64能够相对于杠杆62而沿方向88运动,这样,在铁心上产生的力使得穿透部件加速器64沿方向88运动。
弹簧68并没有完全释放,这样,通过杠杆62,弹簧68以力F1而将穿透部件加速器64压靠在穿透部件18的底侧表面上。穿透部件18抵靠夹盘12的底座88。由底座88产生的、相等的反向力F2作用在穿透部件18的上侧表面上。
穿透部件加速器64的边缘82具有比夹盘12的底座88高得多的摩擦系数。边缘的更高摩擦系数有助于产生作用在穿透部件18的下侧表面上的相对较高摩擦力F3。底座88的相对更低摩擦系数产生作用在穿透部件18的上侧表面上的相对较小摩擦力F4。在力F3和F4之间的差值是使穿透部件相对于夹盘12沿方向88加速的合成力。穿透部件运动以脱开图3中所示的干涉配合。裸露的穿透部件18进行运动,而不需要在穿透部件上形成任何啮合部分。相反,目前的装置通常使用模制在各穿透部件上的塑料体,以便帮助操作穿透部件。穿透部件18的运动使得它的削尖端部穿过在下部46侧面的开口90。因此,穿透部件18的尖锐端部30从在下部46中的后退安全位置运动至使它从开口90中伸出的位置。利用穿透部件的加速、高速运动使得尖锐尖端30穿透人的皮肤。然后,可以从人体中采集血液试样,通常用于糖尿病分析。
下面参考图9A和9B,在穿透部件进行加速之后(例如但不局限于:之后小于0.25秒),通向加速线圈86A的电流切断,电流供给后退线圈86B。铁心90与穿透部件加速器64一起沿相反方向92运动。然后,穿透部件加速器64使得用过的穿透部件进入它的初始位置,即与图7B中相同的位置。
随后按压如图5中所示的按钮将重复一次所述处理,但是针对相邻无菌穿透部件。随后的无菌穿透部件可以同样使用,直到所有的穿透部件都用过,即在夹盘12转一整圈之后。在本实施例中,不允许夹盘12转第二圈,以便防止使用在前一圈中已经用过且已经污染的穿透部件。用户能够继续使用装置14的唯一方法是:如图1中所述打开盖子48,取出使用过的夹盘12,并用另一夹盘来更换用过的夹盘。分析物检测部件(未示出)检测何时取出夹盘并用另一夹盘来更换。这样的分析物检测部件可以是(但不局限于)光学分析物检测部件、电接触分析物检测部件、条形码阅读器等。
图10表示了电部件可以在本实施例中功能地相互连接的方式。电池38向电容器40和控制器42供电。端子76与控制器42连接,这样,当按压按钮32时,控制器将识别。电容器独立地通过开关(例如场效应晶体管)而向前进线圈86A、后退线圈86B和步进马达82供电(电压和电流)。开关44A、B、C都受控制器42的控制。存储器100与控制器连接。一组指令储存在存储器100中,并可由控制器42读出。控制器42与端子76和开关44A、B、C组合的其它功能将由上面的说明可知。
图11表示了具有穿透部件的夹盘的另一实施例的结构。夹盘112有波纹形结构和多个穿透部件118,这些穿透部件118在形成于夹盘112相对侧中的槽124内。无菌屏障126和128分别安装在穿透部件118的顶部和穿透部件118的底部。这种结构提供了用于安装无菌屏障126和128的较大表面。在一侧的全部穿透部件首先使用,然后使夹盘112翻转,并使用在另一侧的穿透部件。该夹盘的附加方面也在图42-44中介绍。
下面参考图12-13,下面将更详细地介绍基于摩擦的、与裸露的刺血针或裸露的穿透部件连接并驱动该刺血针或穿透部件的方法。本文中所述的本发明任意实施例都可以使用这些方法。如图12所示,表面201与穿透部件202物理接触。表面203也与穿透部件202物理接触。在本发明实施例中,表面201为不锈钢,穿透部件202为不锈钢,而表面203为涂覆了聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢。
图13表示了在使用中基于摩擦进行连接的一个实施例。垂直力206可以垂直施加在表面201上,从而将它压靠在穿透部件202上。因此,穿透部件202压靠表面203。垂直力206通过表面201和穿透部件202传递,从而也作用在穿透部件202和表面203之间。表面203相对于刺血针的目标保持刚性或静止。利用经典静摩擦模型,在表面201和穿透部件202之间的最大摩擦力等于在表面201和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数乘以在表面201和穿透部件202之间的垂直力。在本实施例中,在表面203和穿透部件202之间的最大摩擦力等于在表面203和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数乘以在表面203和穿透部件202之间的垂直力。因为在表面203和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数小于在表面201和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数,因此在表面201和穿透部件202之间的交界面能够形成的最大静摩擦力比在表面203和穿透部件202之间的交界面能够形成的最大静摩擦力更高。
由箭头207所示的驱动力与垂直力206垂直地施加在表面201上。水平作用在表面201上的力的总和是驱动力207以及在表面201和穿透部件202的交界面上形成的摩擦力(该摩擦力沿与驱动力207相反的方向作用)的总和。因为在表面203和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数小于在表面201和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数,因此,当驱动力207恰好超过可以由表面203和穿透部件202之间的交界面支承的最大静摩擦力时,穿透部件202和表面201将保持彼此相对静止,并可以认为相当于一个部件。因为在表面201和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数高到足以防止它们之间相对运动,因此表面201和穿透部件202可以认为是一个部件。
在一个实施例中,在表面201和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数近似为0.8,等于在两个不锈钢表面之间的摩擦系数,而在表面203和穿透部件202之间的摩擦系数近似为0.04,等于在不锈钢表面和聚四氟乙烯表面之间的摩擦系数。垂直力206的值为2牛顿。使用这些值时,在表面201和穿透部件202之间的交界面可以支承的最大摩擦力为1.6牛顿,而在表面203和穿透部件202之间的交界面可以支承的最大摩擦力为0.08牛顿。当驱动力207超过0.08牛顿时,表面201和穿透部件202将开始一起相对于表面203加速。同样,当驱动力207超过1.6牛顿和穿透部件202遇到刚性障碍物时,表面201将相对于穿透部件202运动。
例如表面201相对于穿透部件202运动的另一状态将是在最大加速度情况。在一个实施例中,穿透部件202的质量为8.24×10-6kg。因此,穿透部件202将需要194,174m/s2的加速度,以便超过在穿透部件202和表面201之间的摩擦力(等于大约19,800g′s)。并不限定任何特定实施例或操作原理,采用基于摩擦的连接的其它方法也可以采用。例如,穿透部件202可以利用干涉配合而与连接器啮合,以便与该部件产生摩擦啮合。
图14详细表示了在不锈钢表面203上的聚四氟乙烯涂层。应当知道,表面203可以涂覆有其它材料,例如但不局限于:Telfon,硅、聚合物或玻璃。该涂层可以涂覆在整个穿透部件上、只涂覆在近侧部分上、只涂覆在远侧部分上、只涂覆在尖端上、只涂覆在某些其它部分上,或者上述一些或全部的某些组合。图15表示了施加在表面201上的铅涂料(doping),当穿透部件202压靠该表面201时,该表面在微观上与穿透部件202相适应。穿透部件的这些实施例以及其它涂覆实施例可以与本文中所述的驱动方法一起使用。
表面201和表面202的形状和结构可以不同于图12-15中所示。例如,表面201可以是轮表面,该轮表面在旋转时使得穿透部件202相对于表面203前进或后退。表面201将涂覆有除铅之外的其它适应材料,例如塑料。还可以涂覆有微粒例如金刚石粉,或者使表面有纹理,以便提高表面201与穿透部件202的摩擦系数。表面202可以由以下材料制成或者涂覆有以下材料:金刚石、氟化乙烯丙烯、全氟代烷氧基(perfluoroalkoxy)、乙烯和聚四氟乙烯的共聚物、乙烯和三氟氯乙烯的共聚物、或者与穿透部件202的摩擦系数低于用于表面201的材料与穿透部件202的摩擦系数的其它材料。
参考图16,穿透部件夹盘穿透部件夹盘实施例的基板210部分表示为具有多个穿透部件狭槽212,这些穿透部件狭槽212沿径向方向布置,并切入基板的顶表面214中。驱动部件216表示为具有远侧边缘218,该远侧边缘218布置在基板210的一个穿透部件狭槽212中。驱动部件216的远侧边缘218设置成在摩擦力最小的情况下在穿透部件狭槽212内滑动,但是与该穿透部件狭槽212紧密配合,以便减小在切缝循环中的横向运动。
图17表示了有涂层的穿透部件222的远侧部分220的局部纵剖图。有涂层的穿透部件222有芯部分224、涂层226和锥形远端部分228。还表示了有涂层的驱动部件230的一部分,它有涂层234,该涂层234有穿透部件接触表面236。穿透部件接触表面236与有涂层的穿透部件222的外表面240形成交界面238。交界面238的特征摩擦系数将部分取决于穿透部件涂层226和驱动部件涂层234的材料选择。当银用作穿透部件和驱动部件涂层226和236时,将产生大约1.3至大约1.5的摩擦系数。其它材料可以用于涂层226和236,以便获得合适的摩擦系数。例如,金、铂、不锈钢和其它材料也可以用于涂层226和236。希望对于涂层226和236使用不同材料的组合。例如,一个实施例可以包括用于穿透部件涂层226的银以及用于驱动部件涂层的金。交界面238的一些实施例的摩擦系数为大约1.15至大约5.0,特别是大约1.3至大约2.0。
穿透部件222的实施例可以有大约200至大约400微米的外部横向尺寸或直径,特别是大约275至大约325微米。穿透部件222的实施例可以有大约10至大约30毫米的长度,特别是大约15至大约25毫米。穿透部件222可以由任意合适的高强度合金例如不锈钢等制成。
图18是具有本发明特征的切缝装置242的透视图。穿透部件夹盘244布置在驱动器246上面,该驱动器246通过连接器杆250而与驱动部件248连接。穿透部件夹盘244有:多个穿透部件狭槽252,这些穿透部件狭槽252以辐射状形状布置在穿透部件夹盘244的基板256的顶表面254中。穿透部件狭槽252的远端253布置在基板256的外表面260上。可破裂无菌屏障258(以局部剖表示)布置在基板256的顶表面254上并在多个穿透部件狭槽252上。该无菌屏障也布置在基板256的外表面260上面,以便在切缝循环之前密封穿透部件狭槽防止污染。穿透部件262的远侧部分表示为从穿透部件夹盘244沿病人手指264方向径向伸出。
图19更详细地表示了用于切缝装置242的基板256的一部分,其中没有布置无菌屏障(为了便于图示)。基板256包括多个穿透部件狭槽252,这些穿透部件狭槽252与相应的驱动部件狭槽266径向对齐。驱动部件狭槽266有可选的锥形引入结构,该锥形引入结构可以在驱动部件248向下运动至驱动部件狭槽266和穿透部件狭槽252内的过程中方便驱动部件248的对齐。穿透部件狭槽252的尺寸和结构设置成接收布置于其中的穿透部件262,并允许穿透部件262在穿透部件狭槽252内轴向运动,同时没有明显的横向运动。
再参考图18,在使用时,本实施例的穿透部件夹盘242与驱动器246布置成操作结构。切缝循环开始,驱动部件248向下穿过无菌屏障258,并进入穿透部件狭槽252中。然后,驱动部件的穿透部件接触表面与穿透部件262的外表面接触,并向远侧朝着病人手指264驱动,如前面参考图20中的实施例所述。在驱动部件248的穿透部件接触表面和穿透部件262之间的摩擦系数大于在穿透部件262和穿透部件狭槽252的内表面之间的摩擦系数,因此,驱动部件248能够向远侧驱动穿透部件262穿过无菌屏障258并进入病人手指264中,同时在驱动部件248和穿透部件262之间没有任何相对运动或没有明显相对运动。
参考图20-22,切缝循环的顺序表示为用于切缝装置242,该切缝装置242具有图23和24所示的穿透部件夹盘244另一实施例。图23和24所示的穿透部件夹盘242的基板256有多个穿透部件狭槽252,这些穿透部件狭槽252具有顶部开口268,该顶部开口268并不径向延伸至基板256的外表面260。这样,穿透部件狭槽252可以通过布置在基板256顶表面254上的第一无菌屏障270以及布置在基板256的外表面260上的第二无菌屏障272而密封。穿透部件出口孔274布置在穿透部件狭槽252的远端处。
再参考图20,表示为穿透部件262处于近侧后退的开始位置(在穿透部件狭槽252中)。穿透部件276的外表面与驱动部件248的穿透部件接触表面278接触。在驱动部件248的穿透部件接触表面278和穿透部件262的外表面276之间的摩擦系数大于在穿透部件262和穿透部件狭槽252的内表面280之间的摩擦系数。然后,如图10中箭头282所示的向远侧驱动力通过驱动连接器250而施加在驱动部件248上,并将穿透部件从穿透部件出口孔274压出和进入病人手指264内。然后,如图22中箭头284所示,将近侧后退力施加在驱动部件248上,穿透部件262从病人手指264中退出并退回至穿透部件狭槽252内。
图25和26表示了在通过穿透部件62进行穿透处理的多层无菌屏障258的实施例。应当知道,该屏障258可以用于本发明的任意实施例。图25和26中所示的无菌屏障258为两层无菌屏障258,当穿透部件262穿过和离开无菌屏障258时,该无菌屏障258有利于使穿透部件262保持无菌。在图25中,穿透部件262的远端286沿向远侧方向对着无菌屏障258的第一层290的内表面288施加轴向力,从而使无菌屏障258的第一层290变形。第一层290的变形291再向无菌屏障258的第二层292施加变形力。无菌屏障的第二层设置成具有比第一层290更低的拉伸强度。因此,由于通过穿透部件262的远端286施加在第一层290上的应变,第二层292在第一层290之前失效,如图26所示。在第二层292失效之后,它从第一层290的变形部分291处后退,如图26中的箭头294所示。只要在第二层292失效之前第一层290的内表面288和外表面296为无菌,那么穿透部件262将保持无菌,因为它在第一层最终失效时穿过该第一层290。该多层无菌屏障258可以用于本文中所述的任何实施例。多层无菌屏障258还可以包括三层或更多层。
参考图27和28,图中表示了与驱动器302连接的驱动部件300的实施例,其中,驱动部件300包括切割部件304,该切割部件304有尖锐边缘306,该尖锐边缘306设置成在切缝循环过程中切穿穿透部件狭槽252的无菌屏障258,以便使驱动部件300与穿透部件接触。在切割部件304上的可选锁定销308可以设置成与基板的顶表面310啮合,以便防止在切缝循环中切割部件304相对于驱动部件300向远侧运动。
图29和30以纵剖图表示了穿透部件狭槽316的实施例,该穿透部件狭槽316有倾斜部分318,该倾斜部分318布置在穿透部件狭槽的远端320处。驱动部件322表示为局部布置在穿透部件狭槽316中。驱动部件322有在其远端326处的切割边缘324,用于在切缝循环中切穿无菌屏障328。图30表示了在切缝循环中切穿无菌屏障328的切割边缘324,同时切割的无菌屏障328从切割边缘324剥离。
图31-34表示了在穿透部件夹盘的基板330中的驱动部件狭槽,其中,驱动部件狭槽的至少一部分有锥形开口,该锥形开口在基板顶表面处的横向尺寸比在驱动部件狭槽底部更大。图31表示了具有穿透部件狭槽332的基板330,该穿透部件狭槽332在基板330的顶表面336处的进口334处沿穿透部件狭槽332的整个长度为锥形。在该结构中,穿透部件狭槽和驱动部件狭槽(未示出)将沿狭槽332的整个长度连通和连续。也可选择,图32和33中所示的基板338可以有驱动部件狭槽340,该驱动部件狭槽340与相应的穿透部件狭槽342轴向分离。对于该结构,驱动部件狭槽340可以有锥形结构,而穿透部件狭槽342可以有直壁结构。此外,该结构也可以用于波纹形基板346实施例,如图34所示。在图34中,驱动部件348布置在驱动部件狭槽350中。穿透部件接触表面352布置在驱动部件348上。接触表面352有锥形结构,该锥形结构将有利于使驱动部件348与驱动部件狭槽350横向对齐。
图35-37表示了穿透部件夹盘360和驱动部件362的实施例,其中,驱动部件362有轮廓形夹头364,该夹头364设置成夹住穿透部件轴366。在图35中,驱动部件362和穿透部件轴366以横剖图表示,同时轮廓形夹头364布置在穿透部件轴366周围。枢轴点368布置在驱动部件362的轮廓形夹头364和锥形压缩狭槽370之间。压缩楔块372表示为布置在锥形压缩狭槽370中。压缩楔块372插入压缩狭槽370中(如箭头374所示)将迫使轮廓形夹头364环绕穿透部件轴366闭合并夹住该穿透部件轴366,如箭头376所示。
图36表示了驱动部件362,该驱动部件362处于在穿透部件夹盘360的穿透部件狭槽378中环绕穿透部件轴366的位置。驱动部件可以通过上面参考其它驱动部件和驱动器实施例所述的方法来驱动。图37是布置在穿透部件狭槽378中的穿透部件轴366的纵剖图。箭头380和382以普通方式表示了驱动部件362在切缝循环中的运动通路。在切缝循环中,如箭头380所示,驱动部件穿过可选的无菌屏障(未示出)而向下进入穿透部件狭槽378。然后,驱动部件的轮廓形夹头环绕穿透部件轴366进行夹持,并沿向远侧方向向前运动,以便驱动穿透部件进入病人的皮肤内,如箭头382所示。
图38和39表示了切缝装置390的一部分,该切缝装置390有盖子392,该盖子392可以打开,以便暴露穿透部件夹盘空腔394,用于取出用过的穿透部件夹盘396和插入新的穿透部件夹盘398。沿箭头402所示方向按压按钮400将通过绕枢轴点406的杠杆运动而使驱动部件404从穿透部件夹盘396的表面升高。盖子392的升高将沿箭头410所示方向驱动杠杆臂408,该杠杆臂408再沿箭头414所示方向向绳缆412施加拉伸力。该动作将驱动部件从穿透部件夹盘396上拉回,这样,穿透部件夹盘396可以从切缝装置390上取下。然后,新的穿透部件夹盘398可以插入切缝装置390中,且将上述步骤反过来,以便使驱动部件404定位在穿透部件夹盘398上面并处于操作位置。
图40和41表示了穿透部件夹盘420,该穿透部件夹盘420有在穿透部件夹盘420的顶侧424和底侧426上的穿透部件狭槽422。与相同直径D的单面穿透部件夹盘相比,这使得直径D的穿透部件夹盘420能够储存使用两倍的穿透部件。
图42-44表示了穿透部件夹盘430的端视图和透视图,该穿透部件夹盘430有由穿透部件夹盘430的波纹形表面434形成的多个穿透部件狭槽432。穿透部件436布置在穿透部件夹盘430的两侧。在图44中,无菌屏障438表示为布置在穿透部件狭槽432的上面。
图45-48表示了穿透部件440和驱动部件442的实施例,其中,穿透部件440有在穿透部件轴446中的横向狭槽444,而驱动部件442有设置成与穿透部件轴446中的横向狭槽444匹配的凸起448。图45表示了具有锥形结构的凸起448,该凸起448与穿透部件轴446中的横向狭槽444的锥形结构配合。图46表示了当凸起448有直壁侧边时的可选实施例,该直壁侧边设置成与图46中所示的横向狭槽444的直壁侧边配合。图47有锥形凸起448,该锥形凸起448设置成在凸起448的端部和穿透部件轴446的横向狭槽底部之间留有端部间隙450。
图48表示了用于将驱动部件442锁定在穿透部件轴446上的机构452,该机构452有杠杆臂454,该杠杆臂454有在第一端458处的可选轴承456,该轴承456布置在驱动部件442的引导狭槽459内。杠杆臂454有枢轴点460,该枢轴点460布置在杠杆臂454的第一端458和杠杆臂454的第二端462之间。偏压力通过布置在杠杆臂454的第二端462和基板466之间的弹簧部件464而布置在杠杆臂454的第二端。沿箭头468所示方向的偏压力迫使驱动部件442的穿透部件接触表面470抵靠穿透部件446的外表面,另外迫使驱动部件442的凸起448压入穿透部件轴446的横向狭槽444中。
参考图49,下面将更详细地介绍适于容纳多个可独立运动的穿透部件(未示出)的可更换夹盘500的另一可选实施例。尽管夹盘500表示为具有倒角的外周边,但是应当知道,很少倒角和没有倒角的夹盘500实施例也可以用于这里所述的本发明任何实施例。可滑动地与夹盘连接的穿透部件可以是没有如普通刺血针中所示的外部模制部件或模制本体件的裸露刺血针或裸露细长部件。裸露设计减小了成本,并简化了用于本发明的穿透部件的制造。穿透部件可以退回和保持在夹盘中,这样,它们不能够被再次使用。一旦所有的穿透部件都使用过,则可用新的夹盘更换该夹盘。刺血针或穿透部件可以完全装入用过的夹盘中,因此减小了病人与该废品接触的机率。
如图49所示,夹盘500可以包括多个用于容纳穿透部件的空腔501。在本实施例中,该空腔501可以有与它相连的纵向开口502。空腔501还可以有横向开口503,从而使穿透部件能够从夹盘径向向外离开。如图49所示,空腔的径向外侧部分可以变窄。该变窄区域的上部也可以密封或挤压,以便使顶部505闭合,并确定了闭合开口506,如图50所示。也可选择,狭窄区域504可以保持开口顶部结构,不过在某些实施例中,在该间隙上面的箔不会破裂,从而防止穿透部件升高或向上伸出夹盘。狭窄部分504可以作为穿透部件的支承件和/或引导件。图51表示了开口506可以有各种形状,例如但不局限于:圆形、矩形、三角形、六边形、正方形、或者任意或全部前述形状的组合。用于其它微流体、毛细管的开口507(以虚线表示)也可以包含在开口506的紧邻附近处。在某些可选实施例中,该开口507可以设置成同心或以其它形式环绕该开口506。
下面将参考图52更详细地介绍夹盘500的底侧。该图在一个夹盘500上表示了很多特征。应当知道,夹盘可以包括一些、没有或全部这些特征,但是它们都表示于图52中,以便于解释。底侧可以包括靠近内周边处的凹坑或孔510,以便将夹盘合适定位,以便与穿透部件夹具啮合和/或使前进装置(图56B和56C所示)能够使夹盘500旋转。凹坑或孔511可以沿不同位置形成于夹盘500的底侧,并可以采取各种形状,例如但不局限于:圆形、矩形、三角形、六边形、正方形、或者任意或全部前述形状的组合。凹槽512也可以沿夹盘500的内表面形成,以便有助于使夹盘对齐和/或旋转。当然,应当知道,某些特征也可以布置在夹盘的顶侧并处于不由装穿透部件的空腔501占据的区域。也可以沿夹盘的外周边包括凹槽513。这些凹槽513可以用于收集无菌屏障28的多余材料(未示出),该无菌屏障可以用于覆盖夹盘的倾斜部分514。在本实施例中,夹盘有扁平顶表面和环绕外侧的倾斜表面。当将箔形无菌屏障焊接在倾斜表面上面时,因为表面(这时为45度)变化,因此箔折叠。这产生来多余材料。槽或凹槽513是用于该多余材料的位置。将箔向下置于这些槽513内可以横过45度倾斜表面拉紧该材料。尽管在本实施例中表面表示为45度,但是应当知道也可以采用其它角度。例如,表面可以是在大约3度至90度(相对于水平方向)之间的任意角度。表面可以截成方形。表面可以没有倒角。表面也可以为弯曲表面,或者它可以是各种倾斜表面、弯曲表面和直表面的组合,或者为上述一些或全部的任意组合。
下面将参考图53-54介绍当夹盘500转换角度和驱动穿透部件时的顺序。应当知道,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下,这里所述的某些步骤可以组合或改变顺序。这些步骤的顺序提供了用于本实施例的垂直和水平运动,以便将穿透部件安装在驱动器上。
如前所述,在夹盘上的各空腔可以通过箔盖或其它无菌封闭材料来单独密封,以便保持无菌,直到使用时或恰好至使用时之前。在本实施例中,穿透部件恰好在驱动之前从它们的无菌环境中释放,并装载到发射器机构上以便使用。在发射之前从无菌环境中释放穿透部件将使得本实施例中的穿透部件能够在不必刺穿任何无菌封闭材料的情况下驱动,该封闭材料可能在穿透部件朝着目标组织运行的过程中使穿透部件的尖端变钝或使污染物置于穿透部件上。多种方法可以实现该目的。
图53A表示了穿透部件释放装置的一个实施例,在本实施例中,该穿透部件释放装置是穿孔板520,为便于解释,该穿孔板520采用透视方式表示。该穿孔板520可以包括:第一部分521,用于刺穿覆盖纵向开口502的无菌材料;以及第二部分522,用于刺穿覆盖横向开口503的材料。狭槽523允许穿透部件夹具穿过穿孔板520,并与置于夹盘500中的穿透部件啮合。穿孔板的第二部分522下降以便与倾斜成大约45度斜度的无菌屏障啮合。当然,屏障的斜度可以变化。穿孔部分522首先与前部囊穴无菌屏障的后部接触,且当它降低时,裂纹将在各侧向下延伸,并将屏障压低至前部空腔的底部。首先与穿孔部分522接触的、屏障的后边缘破裂,且屏障被压低,并基本清除出通道。这些特征在图53B中更清楚表示。穿孔部分521可以包括沿中心线的刀片部分。当穿孔部分下降时,刀片可以与空腔的中心对齐,从而将无菌屏障切成两部分。然后,穿孔器521的较宽部分向下推至屏障上,这样,它们平行于空腔的侧边对齐。这产生了在空腔的整个纵向开口中的、用于夹具的完全无障碍通路。另外,如图53B和54A所示,多个凸起524定位成与凸轮(图55A)啮合,该凸轮顺序实现穿孔以及穿孔板520和夹盘推动器525的其它垂直运动。来自的力产生器(未示出)驱动轴526用于驱动穿透部件527。
下面参考图54A-F,穿透部件的释放和装载以下面的顺序来实现。图54A表示了处于静止状态的释放和装载机构,其中,变脏的裸露穿透部件527保持在穿透部件夹具530中。这是在两次切缝事件之间的装置状态。当病人开始起动另一切缝事件时,恰好在实际切缝事件之前清除用过的穿透部件,并装载新的穿透部件。病人通过操作设置杠杆以便起动处理,从而开始装载新的穿透部件。设置杠杆可以机械操作以便使凸轮(见图55A)旋转,该凸轮使得穿孔板520和夹盘推动器525运动。在另一实施例中,步进马达或其它原动机(例如但不局限于:气动致动器、液压致动器等)用于驱动装载顺序。
图54B更详细地表示了穿透部件夹具530的一个实施例。穿透部件夹具530可以为音叉形状,具有沿与穿透部件接触的支脚内侧的尖锐边缘。在某些实施例中,穿透部件可以有狭槽、有凹口、或者为其它形状,以便接收穿透部件夹具。当夹具539向下推至穿透部件上时,支脚弹性展开,以便摩擦卡住穿透部件(例如但不局限于:裸露的细长金属丝,其上没有模制或以其它方式安装在该穿透部件上的附件)。在某些实施例中,穿透部件由均质材料制成,没有模制、粘接、胶接或以其它方式附加在该穿透部件上的任何附件。
在某些实施例中,夹具530可以切入穿透部件的侧部。在一个实施例中,穿透部件为大约300微米宽,通过刀刃形成于穿透部件侧部中的槽为大约5-10微米深,并且相当小。在该特定实施例中,与沿细长穿透部件的纵向轴线将穿透部件从夹具上取下的力相比,刀刃使得装置能够使用很小的插入力来使夹具卡在穿透部件上。因此,减小了穿透部件在驱动过程中脱开的危险。夹具530可以由各种材料制成,这些材料例如但不局限于:高强度碳钢(该碳钢进行热处理,以便增加硬度)、陶瓷、具有金刚石涂层的基片、复合增强塑料、弹性体、聚合物、以及烧结金属。另外,钢可以进行表面处理。夹具130可以有较高夹住力,同时在螺线管或其它驱动器上有较小的摩擦阻力。
如图54C所示,操作顺序开始于向下推动穿孔板520。这导致打开下一个无菌空腔532。在某些实施例中,穿孔板520的这种运动可能导致束缚变脏的穿透部件,以便防止它再次被使用。该束缚可以由穿孔板上的凸起来实现,该凸起使得穿透部件弯曲或将穿透部件推入夹盘中的槽内,该槽通过干涉配合而将穿透部件保持就位。如图53B和54C所示,穿孔板520有凸起或穿孔器,该凸起或穿孔器形成为穿透夹盘上的纵向开口502和横向开口503。穿孔器的、打开空腔532的第一部分521形成为首先穿刺无菌屏障,然后推动、压缩或以其它方式使无菌封闭材料朝着纵向开口502的侧部运动。穿孔器的第二部分522在横向开口或穿透部件出口503处向下推动无菌屏障,这样,当穿透部件朝着组织部位驱动时,它不会穿刺任何材料。
下面参考图54D,夹盘推动器525与凸轮550(未示出)啮合,并开始向下推动至夹盘500上。穿孔板520还可以与夹盘500一起向下运行,直到它向下推至它的最大向下位置,同时穿透部件夹具530保持垂直静止。离开穿透部件夹具530向下运动的该连接将使穿透部件从夹具上取下。穿孔板520基本通过凸起534(图55A)而推靠在穿透部件上,与夹盘一起保持穿透部件,同时夹盘500和穿孔板520降低离开穿透部件夹具530,在本实施例中,该穿透部件夹具530保持垂直静止。当夹盘相对于夹具运动时,这使得用过的穿透部件从夹具530(图45D)上剥落。
这时,如图54E所示,穿孔板520向上退回,夹盘500充分向下推动离开夹具530。这时,清除了障碍并处于可旋转位置,夹盘500前进一个囊穴或空腔,使得在空腔532中的新释放的无菌穿透部件沿该方向与穿透部件夹具530对齐,如图54F所示。由于指状物与夹盘上的孔或凹坑533啮合,因此夹盘进行旋转,如图54A所示。在某些实施例中,这些凹坑533并不完全穿过夹盘500。在另外的实施例中,这些凹坑是完全穿过的孔。夹盘在顶表面上靠近夹盘中心处沿内径有多个较小凹坑533。在一个实施例中,无菌屏障切短,以便并不覆盖这些凹坑533。当然,应当知道,这些孔可以位于底部、侧部或其它可接近表面上。这些凹坑533有两个目的。该装置可以有一个或多个定位器销、静止销或者不能运动的其它键合特征。在本实施例中,夹盘只是放低就位,在该位置,夹具530夹住穿透部件。为了使盒转换角度,夹盘升高以脱离这些销或其它键合特征,进行旋转,并放低这些销用于下一个位置。旋转装置通过使用两个指状物:一个是静止爪,另一个是滑动指状物。它们与孔533啮合。指状物由滑动器驱动,该滑动器可以自动驱动,或者由用户驱动。这可以通过机械、通过电或其它动力装置来进行。在冲程的半途中,指状物可以与夹盘啮合并环绕夹盘旋转。更完整的说明可见结合图56B-56C的说明。
下面参考图54G,当无菌穿透部件对齐时,夹盘500如箭头540所示而释放,并恢复与穿透部件夹具530接触。新的穿透部件541插入夹具530中,且该装置作好了再次发射穿透部件的准备。对于本发明,在发射之后和在两次切缝事件之间,裸露的刺血针或穿透部件541通过夹具530而保持就位,从而防止穿透部件意外地从夹盘500中凸出或滑出。
当然,应当知道,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下,可以对上述实施例进行变化。例如,穿透部件541可以在发射之前布置在夹盘500中的放置位置。如图55A所示,穿透部件由夹盘的狭窄部分542来保持,从而产生夹住穿透部件的近端的干涉配合。在静止时与模子或夹盘的摩擦保持穿透部件,从而防止穿透部件前后滑动。当然,也可以采用保持穿透部件的其它方法。如图55B所示,在发射之前,穿透部件夹具530可以将穿透部件541推出部分542。穿透部件541可以保持在该位置,直到由与穿透部件夹具连接的螺线管或其它力产生器来驱动。凸轮表面544可以用于将穿透部件拉出部分542。该机械凸轮表面可以与由病人驱动的机械滑动器连接,该机械滑动器可以认为是分开的力产生器。因此,来自病人的能量将穿透部件拉出,与螺线管或电驱动器拉出穿透部件的情况相比,这降低了装置电池的消耗。穿透部件可以从它的放置位置向前运动很小距离(大约1mm或更小),以便从静止位置夹具中拉出穿透部件。在穿透组织之后,穿透部件可以返回夹盘,并最终布置在放置位置。尽管并不必须,这也可以通过病人提供的力来进行。在一个实施例中,并不将刺血针置于放置位置内,直到由病人起动装载新穿透部件的处理。在另一实施例中,在与穿透部件驱动相同的动作中进行从放置位置的拉出。返回放置位置也可以认为是连续动作。
图55A表示了用于协调穿孔板520的运动的凸轮和其它表面的一个实施例。例如,在本实施例中,凸轮550为圆形,并与穿孔板520上的凸起524和夹盘推动器525啮合。相对地说,图55A还更清楚地表示了凸起534,当穿透部件夹具530离开穿透部件时,该凸起534有助于使穿透部件保持在夹盘500中。与凸轮550一起旋转的棘爪表面552可以用于防止凸轮向后旋转。用于装载/卸载穿透部件的、夹盘500和穿孔板50的升高和降低可以通过各种凸轮表面、弹簧等如本领域技术人员所知的方式机械驱动。某些实施例还可以使用电或磁装置来进行装载、卸载以及释放裸露穿透部件。尽管穿孔板520表示为向下穿孔以便移动、除去或移开箔或其它无菌环境封闭件,但是应当知道,其它方法例如剥离、拉动、撕开、或者一种或多种这些方法的组合可以用于除去箔或无菌封闭件。例如,在另外的实施例中,穿孔板520可以位于夹盘的底侧,并向上穿孔。在另外的实施例中,夹盘可以保持垂直静止,而其它部件例如穿透部件夹具和穿孔板运动,以便将无菌穿透部件装载至穿透部件夹具上。
图55B还表示了本装置可以包括的其它特征。可以包括激发按钮560,以便用户驱动穿透部件。可以包括前端界面561,以便使病人能够放置他们的用于切缝的手指或其它目标组织。界面561可以取下,以便进行清洁或更换。可以包括视觉显示器562,以便向病人显示装置状态、切缝性质、出错报告等。
下面参考图56A,由病人使用以便装载新穿透部件的机械滑动器564也可以包含在壳体上。还可以连接滑动器564,以便在切缝装置上驱动LCD或视觉显示器。除了提供能量源以便使夹盘转换角度,滑动器564还可以转换电子元件,以便开始显示。用户可以使用显示器来选择切缝深度或其它特征。显示器可以再次返回休眠,直到它通过滑动器564的运动而再次驱动。壳体566的底侧也可以铰接,或者可以其它方式取下,以便能够将夹盘500插入装置中。夹盘500可以利用当前用于将光盘或其它盘插入光盘播放器内的技术来进行插入。在一个实施例中,可以有托盘,该托盘可向外展开,以便接收或取出夹盘。托盘可以退回至装置内,在该装置中,它可以升高、降低或以其它方式输送就位,以便用于穿透部件驱动器。在其它实施例中,装置可以有狭槽,夹盘可以局部插入该狭槽内,这时,机械装置将帮助使夹盘完全插入,并将夹盘装载在装置内部的合适位置。这种装置与汽车上的光盘播放器类似。这些光盘播放器的插入/弹出和装载装置使用齿轮、滑轮、索缆、托盘和/或其它部件,它们可以用于本发明。
下面参考图56B,该图提供了滑动器564的一个实施例的更详细视图。在该实施例中,滑动器564将首先如箭头567所示运动。为了完成循环,病人将使滑动器返回它的原位或初始起动位置,如箭头568所示。滑动器564有臂569,该臂与滑动器一起运动,以便使凸轮550旋转,并与部分522啮合。滑动器564的运动也与指状物570机械连接,该指状物570与夹盘500上的凹坑571啮合。该指状物570通过如箭头572所示在与夹盘相同的平面内进行拉动而同步地使夹盘500旋转。应当知道,在某些实施例中,指状物570推动(而不是拉动)以便使夹盘沿正确方向旋转。指状物570还可以用于与棘爪表面706啮合,如图66所示,以便使夹盘旋转。指状物570还可以包括包含垂直运动,以便与夹盘500的升高和降低相配合。指状物570的运动还可以由电致动器例如步进马达或其它用于获得运动的装置来提供动力。图56B还表示了编码器573的、用于位置检测的部分。
下面参考图56C,图中表示了滑动器564和臂569的另一视图。臂569运动以便与部分522啮合,如箭头575所示,且这使得凸轮550旋转,如箭头577所示。在该特定实施例中,凸轮550随着滑动器564的每次拉动而旋转大约1/8圈。当滑动器564返回它的原始或起动位置时,臂569越过部分522。滑动器的运动还使得凸轮表面544能够绕枢轴点579旋转。弹性部件580可以与凸轮表面544连接,以便当臂569沿箭头567的方向运动时使该凸轮表面544逆时针方向旋转。销580将保持与臂569接触。当凸轮表面544旋转时,第一表面582将与夹具块584上的销583接触,并将销583拉回,以便使穿透部件停止于夹盘500的连接或狭窄部分542中,如图55A所示。当臂569返回原始位置时,凸轮表面544往回旋转,第二表面586顺时针方向旋转,并向前推动穿透部件,以便从狭窄部分542中释放,从而形成图55B所示位置。应当知道,在某些实施例中,刺血针从部分542中的释放和/或停止于部分542中可以通过驱动器588而提供动力,而不采用凸轮表面544的机械辅助。
在夹盘装置的另一实施例中,可以在夹盘上包含机械特征,这样,只能以一种方式将夹盘装载在装置上。例如,在一个保持50个穿透部件的实施例中,夹盘可以有51个囊穴或空腔。当装载装置时,第51个囊穴将进入激发位置,从而提供了用于使夹具置于夹盘中的位置,同时并不将穿透部件从无菌环境中释放。在夹具530中,第零位置在囊穴或空腔内部,这是一个囊穴可以为空的原因。当然,某些实施例可以使夹具530定位成当装置500装入装置内时夹住穿透部件,且病人随后很快对自身进行切缝,从而使穿透部件不会由于长时间暴露在无菌封闭件外部而污染。该第零位置可以是开始和结束位置。夹盘还可以有凹槽,以便与装置上的凸起啮合,从而也提供了用于使穿透部件只能以一个方向装载或卸载的方法。基本上,夹盘500可以有与装置相连的键或狭槽,这样,夹盘500只能沿一个方向插入或取出。例如,如图56D所示,夹盘592可以有键形狭槽593,该键形狭槽593与凸起594的轮廓匹配,这样,夹盘592只能在开始或结束位置通过使狭槽593与凸起594对齐而取下。应当知道,其它键技术也可以使用,且狭槽或键可以位于夹盘592的外周或其它位置,这样用于只允许沿一个或选定数目的方向而将夹盘插入或取出。
下面参考图57,图中表示了容纳穿透部件的空腔600的另一实施例的剖视图。空腔600可以包括凹形部分602,用于使夹具530能够足够深地透入空腔内,以便与穿透部件541摩擦啮合。穿透部件还可以装入槽604内,在驱动之前和之后,该槽604使穿透部件保持就位。在驱动过程中,穿透部件541升高以便离开槽604,并通过开口506出来。
下面参考图58,下面将介绍本发明的系统的另一变化形式。图58表示了切缝系统610,其中,穿透部件使它们的削尖尖端指向径向内侧。病人的手指或其它组织穿过中心孔611插入,以便由部件612穿刺。与驱动力产生器613连接的穿透部件夹具530以基本与图54A-G中所述相同的方式操作。穿孔部分521和522以基本相同的方式操作,以便使穿透部件从无菌封闭件中释放。穿孔部分522可以布置在装置的内周边上,这时,穿透部件出口位于该内周边上,因此,无菌封闭材料从穿透部件出口的通道中清除。
下面参考图59,下面介绍本发明的切缝系统的另一变化形式。在图53-54所示的实施例中,穿透部件夹具530从上面接近穿透部件,且驱动系统的至少一部分位于与夹盘500不同的平面中。图59表示了一个实施例,其中,穿透部件驱动器620基本处于与穿透部件622相同的平面内。连接器624与部件622的弯曲或L形部分626啮合。夹盘628可以旋转,以便使新的穿透部件与连接器624啮合,同时不需要使夹盘或连接器垂直运动。下一个穿透部件旋转至在连接器624上的狭槽中的位置。夹盘的狭窄部分作为靠近穿透部件远端的穿透部件引导件,以便使穿透部件在离开夹盘时对齐。
连接器624可以形成不同结构。例如,图60A表示了连接器632,该连接器632可以与没有弯曲或L形部分的穿透部件633啮合。承载该穿透部件633的辐射状夹盘可以旋转,以便使穿透部件滑入连接器632的槽634中。图60B是正视图,表示连接器632可以包括锥形部分636,以便引导穿透部件633进入狭槽634中。图60C表示了使用连接器637的驱动器620的实施例,该连接器637有狭槽638,用于接收T形穿透部件。连接器637还可以包括凸起639,该凸起可以导入顶部狭槽中,以便在驱动过程中保持驱动轴的对齐。
下面参考图61,图中表示了与平面内驱动器620一起使用的夹盘640。夹盘640包括空狭槽642,该空狭槽使得夹盘相对于驱动器620布置就位。在该实施例中,该空狭槽642能够使连接器644定位成与未使用的穿透部件645啮合,该穿透部件645可以旋转就位,如箭头646所示。如图61所示,夹盘640还可以设计成只封闭穿透部件的、需要保持无菌的部分(即实际上可能透入组织内的部分)。如图61所示,穿透部件的近侧部分647暴露。该暴露的近侧部分可以是穿透部件的大约70%。在另一实施例中,它可以是穿透部件的大约69%至大约5%之间。夹盘640还可以包括(但不必须)密封凸起648。这些凸起648可释放地与夹盘640连接,并当夹盘旋转以便使穿透部件置于有效穿透部件位置时通过拆卸工具649而从夹盘640上除去。在部件645驱动之前使无菌环境破裂,且部件并不穿透无菌封闭材料,该无菌封闭材料可能使穿透部件的尖端在驱动过程中变钝。可破裂的密封材料650可以施加在部件上,以便密封住夹盘的内周部分。
下面将参考图62介绍用于本发明的夹盘的另一实施例。该夹盘652包括锥形部分654,用于使连接器655能够进入空腔656。狭窄部分657引导穿透部件658。连接器655可以有(但不必须有)活动夹头659,该活动夹头659进行啮合,以便夹住穿透部件658。允许连接器进入空腔656将能够在驱动过程中更好地使穿透部件保持对齐。该锥形部分654可以用于这里所述的任何夹盘实施例。
下面将参考图63介绍用于本发明的线性夹盘。尽管本发明已经表示了用于辐射状夹盘,但是切缝系统也可以用于其它形状的夹盘。图79-83表示了可用于本发明的各种形状的其它夹盘。图63表示了夹盘660只有一部分662提供了对于穿透部件的无菌保护。不过,夹盘660有底座664,穿透部件665可以置于该底座664上。这在处理过程中对穿透部件提供了一定水平的保护。底座664还可以形成为提供狭槽666,穿透部件667可以保持在该狭槽666中。狭槽666还可以适于具有锥形部分668。这些结构可以适用于这里所述的任何实施例,例如夹盘652。
下面参考图64A-64C,各种不同装置表示为用于释放覆盖夹盘500的横向开口503的无菌密封件。图64A表示了旋转穿孔装置670,该旋转穿孔装置670有凸起672,该凸起672使无菌屏障穿孔,从而产生开口674,穿透部件可以在不与无菌屏障材料接触的情况下从该开口674离开。图64B表示了垂直旋转装置676,该垂直旋转装置676有成形凸起678,该凸起在旋转至有效的激发位置时将沿无菌屏障679向下穿孔。图64C表示了穿孔器680,该穿孔器680定位成当夹盘降低至穿孔器680上时使屏障682穿孔。夹盘旋转,穿孔器680与该夹盘一起旋转。在夹盘旋转至合适位置并升高时,穿孔器680加载有弹性负载或以其它方式设置成返回与覆盖下一个未使用的穿透部件的无菌屏障啮合的位置。
下面将参考图65A-65B介绍用于穿孔板520的另一种穿孔机构。图53-54中所示的装置有这样的机构,该机构首先穿孔,然后使释放的穿透部件旋转或转换角度而就位。在本实施例中,夹盘首先旋转,然后可以使夹具和穿孔器同时向下运动。图65A表示了穿孔器685,该穿孔器685有第一部分686和第二部分687。如图65B的剖视图所示,穿透部件夹具690位于穿孔器685内部。因此,无菌屏障的穿透集成在使穿透部件与夹具690啮合的步骤中。穿孔器685可以包括狭槽692,该狭槽692使夹具690的部分694能够向上延伸。提供了横向开口695,穿透部件可以从该横向开口离开。在某些实施例中,穿孔部分687并不包括穿孔器686,而是依赖于某些其它机构,例如如图64A-64C中所示,以便压低至覆盖横向开口503的屏障材料上。
下面将参考图66介绍本发明的夹盘的另一实施例。图66表示了具有多个空腔702和可单独偏转部分或指状物704的夹盘700。保护空腔702的端部可以分成在盘的外周上的单独指状物(例如一个指状物有一个空腔)。各指状物704可以由箔盖(为了便于表示而未示出)来分别密封,以便保持无菌,直到使用时。沿夹盘700的内周边有隆起的台阶部分706,以便产生棘爪类型机构。如图67所示,穿透部件708可以装入各空腔中。穿透部件可以置于隆起部分710上。狭窄部分712夹住穿透部件708的近侧部分。各空腔可以包括壁部分714,在穿透部件已经用过之后,该穿透部件708可以压入该壁部分714中。图68表示了穿透部件夹具716,该穿透部件夹具716降低以便与穿透部件708啮合。为了便于表示,没有表示覆盖各空腔的无菌屏障。
下面将参考图69A-69L介绍用于驱动夹盘700中的穿透部件的步骤顺序。应当知道,在其它实施例中,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下,步骤可以组合或减少。待使用的最后一个穿透部件可以留在后退位置,由夹具716捕获。保护空腔704的端部可以通过前面的驱动而向下偏转。用户可以操作的机构例如但不局限于:拇指轮、杠杆、曲柄、滑动器等,该机构使新的穿透部件720进入发射位置,如图69A所示。机构使杆升高,这允许保护空腔返回它的、在盘平面中的初始位置。
在图69B所示的实施例中,穿透部件引导件722压低穿过在囊穴后部的箔,以便“对着(home)”穿透部件并控制垂直间隙。为了容易图示,用于使穿透部件引导件722和其它机构运动的驱动装置未示出。它们可以是弹簧、凸轮或其它装置,它们可以使图中所示部件降低和运动。在某些实施例中,夹盘700可以升高或降低,以便与穿透部件引导件722和其它装置啮合。
如图69C所示,犁刀或无菌封闭件释放装置724降低,以便与夹盘700啮合。在某些实施例中,盘或夹盘700可以部分向上升高,直到犁刀或刮板724穿刺无菌屏障726,该无菌屏障726可以是箔盖。
下面参考图69D,犁刀724将箔从囊穴前部清除,并使它安装在夹盘700上。犁刀724径向向内驱动,切开无菌屏障,并在犁刀前面将碎屑卷绕成卷。当犁刀的前角与水平方向为大约55度时,箔自然卷曲并形成紧卷。犁刀的角度可以在大约60-40度之间,优选是接近55度。在某些实施例中,箔可以以这样的方式除去,这样,穿透部件在发射过程中不需要穿刺任何无菌封闭材料。
下面参考图69E,夹具716可以降低,以便与裸露的穿透部件和穿刺部件720啮合。也可选择,盘或夹盘800可以升高,直到穿透部件720牢固压入夹具716中。尽管在本图中未示出,本实施例的穿透部件驱动器或致动器可以保持在与穿透部件相同的水平平面内。
如图69F所示,杆730可以压低至保护空腔的外端732上以便使它偏转,这样它离开穿透部件的通路。在本实施例中,杆730形成为允许裸露的穿透部件720穿过。应当知道,其它形状和方位的杆(例如只与端部732的一侧或一部分接触)可以用于与端部732啮合。
下面参考图69G,电螺线管或其它电子或反馈控制驱动器可以径向向外驱动夹具716,从而使它携带裸露的穿透部件720。裸露的穿透部件从保护壳中伸出,并透入布置于致动器组件的孔上面的手指或其它组织部位的皮肤。合适的穿透部件驱动器如在共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/127395(律师案号No.38187-2551)中所述,该美国专利申请的申请日为2002年4月19日。
下面参考图69H,螺线管或其它合适的穿透部件驱动器使裸露的穿透部件720后退至后退位置中,它停止于该后退位置,直到开始下一个切缝循环。
下面参考图69I,杆730可以释放,这样,端部150返回与夹盘800共面的结构。
如图69J所示,夹具716可以径向向外驱动用过的裸露穿透部件,直到削尖尖端在空腔的外端732处或附近埋入塑料壁714中,从而固定污染的穿透部件。
如图69K和69L所示,犁刀724、夹具716和穿透部件引导件722都可以与裸露的穿透部件720脱开。也可选择,应当知道,前进机构可以使夹盘700从夹具716上降低。由嵌入塑料中的尖端以及在相对端处的盖箔而限制的、用过的穿透部件从夹具中剥离。盘或夹盘700可以旋转,直到新的、密封的无菌穿透部件处于发射机构下面的位置。
下面参考图70和71,本发明的某些实施例的一个目的是在该穿透部件驱动装置中包括血液采样和检测。在该实施例中,驱动机构(夹具738和螺旋管驱动线圈739)可以用于将穿透部件压入皮肤中,并结合该切缝事件而当血液试样形成于手指表面时获得血液试样。在图70所示的第一实施例中,有分析物检测部件化学和检测装置742(图71)的微流体模块740连接在穿透部件720的轴上。上述驱动循环也可以驱动模块740,这样,它置于手指表面上,以便当穿透部件从伤口中退回时获取血液。模块740能够保持在手指表面或其它组织部位上,直到夹具738到达微流体模块740的后端744,这时,模块也退入壳体中。在本实施例中,模块740保持在手指上的时间量可以根据端部744定位的距离以及在退回冲程中夹具与它啮合所花费的时间量而变化。然后,充满血液的模块740(当模块保持在穿刺组织部位时进行充装)通过光学或电化学检测来进行分析物检测。
血液可以充满管腔中,穿透部件处于该隔腔中,或者模块可以有在穿透部件隔腔侧部的单独确定的试样腔室。分析物检测部件也可以恰好布置在中部附近,或者稍微从接收血液的模块开口后退,这样,仍然有较少容量的血液将到达分析物检测部件。在某些实施例中,分析物检测部件和视觉显示器和其它界面可以在装置上,因此提供了分析物水平的读数,同时不需要将装置和测试条插入单独的阅读器装置中。如图71所示,盖746也可以为透明,以便允许光通过来进行光学检测。分析物检测部件可以采用低容量,例如小于大约1毫升试样,优选是小于大约0.6毫升,更优选是小于大约0.3毫升,最优选是小于0.1毫升试样。
在图72所示的另一实施例中,根据方向,检测元件760可以直接印刷或形成于穿透部件夹盘700的底部的顶侧。然后,裸露的穿透部件穿过塑料面中的孔762而进行驱动,随后将血液试样吸入径向空腔中。然后,用于分析物检测的电化学或光学检测装置可以进行操作(图72)。还有,空腔766可以有透明部分,以便使光能够通过,从而进行光学检测。在一个实施例中,很多微型分析物检测部件场可以布置在径向空腔的底板上(如图72所示),或者在图71中所示的微流体模块上,以便能够在形成一滴血液的单个分析物上进行多个测试,以便提高测量的准确性和精度。不过并不局限于该方式,还可以包括附加的分析物检测部件场或区域,用于标定或其它目的。
下面将参考图73介绍本发明的夹盘的另一实施例。图73表示了夹盘800的一个实施例,该夹盘800可拆卸地插入用于驱动穿透部件的装置内,以便穿刺皮肤或其它组织。夹盘800有多个穿透部件802,这些穿透部件802可以单独或者选择地驱动,这样,穿透部件802可以从夹盘向外伸出,如箭头804所示,以便穿透组织。在本实施例中,夹盘800可以基于具有多个穿透部件(例如但不局限于:25、50、75、100...)的扁平盘,这些穿透部件径向布置在盘或夹盘800上。应当知道,尽管夹盘800表示为盘或盘形壳体,但是在不脱离本发明的精神(布置多个穿透部件,以便与穿透部件驱动器啮合)的情况下,也可以采用其它形状或结构的夹盘。
各穿透部件802可以包含在夹盘800中的模制空腔806内,同时穿透部件的削尖端部径向朝外,且各穿透部件可以在与夹盘相同的平面内。不过并不局限于该方式,保护空腔806的端部可以分成在盘的外周上的单独指状物(例如一个用于一个空腔)。各空腔806的特定形状可以设计成适合其中的穿透部件的尺寸或形状,或者适合用于布置分析物检测部件808的空间。例如但不局限于,空腔806可以有V形截面、U形截面、C形截面、多级截面或其它截面。使穿透部件802可以通过离开以便穿透组织的开口810也可以有各种形状,例如但不局限于:圆形开口、正方形或矩形开口、U形开口、只允许穿透部件通过的狭窄开口、在侧部具有更大间隙的开口、狭缝、如图75所示的结构、或者其它形状。
在驱动之后,穿透部件802返回夹盘内,并可以以不能再次使用的方式保持在夹盘800中。例如但不局限于:用过的穿透部件可以返回夹盘内,并通过发射器保持就位,直到下一次切缝事件。在下一次切缝时,发射器可以与用过的穿透部件脱开,同时夹盘800转动或转换角度至下一个清洁的穿透部件,这样,保持用过的穿透部件的空腔将位于不能由用户接近的位置(即转动离开穿透部件出口开口)。在某些实施例中,用过的穿透部件的尖端可以压入保护止动器中,该保护止动器使穿透部件在使用后保持就位。当所有的穿透部件都已经用过时,或者在用户认为合适的时间或情况下,夹盘800可以由新夹盘800更换。
还是参考图73,夹盘800可以通过密封件、箔、盖、聚合物或用于密封空腔的类似材料来提供用于穿透部件的无菌环境,并提供用于使穿透部件置于其中的封闭区域。在本实施例中,箔或密封层820施加在夹盘800的一个表面上。密封层820可以由不同材料制成,例如金属箔或其它密封材料,或者可以有拉伸强度和其它性质,它们能够提供密封、无菌环境,直到由合适的装置或穿透装置穿透密封层,该合适的装置或穿透装置提供预定或选定大小的力来打开该密封的无菌环境。盖空腔806可以通过层820而独立密封,这样,一个空腔的打开不会影响在夹盘800中的相邻或其它空腔的无菌性。如图73的实施例中所示,密封层820可以是粘在夹盘800的顶表面上的平面材料。
根据夹盘800在穿透部件驱动器装置中的方向,密封层820可以在顶表面、侧表面、底表面或其它位置的表面上。为了方便图示和说明图73的实施例,层820布置在夹盘800的顶表面上。保持穿透部件802的空腔806通过箔层820来密封,因此产生用于穿透部件的无菌环境。箔层820可以密封多个空腔806,或者根据需要只密封选定数目的空腔。
在图73的另一特征中,夹盘800可以选择地包括在基片822上的多个分析物检测部件808,该基片822可以安装在夹盘800的底表面上。基片可以由适于安装在夹盘上和保持分析物检测部件808的材料制成,例如但不局限于:聚合物、箔或其它材料。如图73所示,基片822可以保持多个分析物检测部件,例如但不局限于:大约10-50、50-100、或者分析物检测部件的其它组合。这有利于分析物检测部件808与夹盘800的装配和集成。这些分析物检测部件808使得能够形成集成的体液采样系统,其中,穿透部件802产生在目标组织中的伤口道,该伤口产生体液,该体液流入夹盘内,用于通过至少一个分析物检测部件808来进行分析物检测。基片822可以包含任意数目的、适于在具有多个空腔806的夹盘中检测分析物的分析物检测部件。在一个实施例中,多个分析物检测部件808可以印刷在单个基片822上,然后该基片822再粘接在夹盘上,以便于制造和简化装配。分析物检测部件808可以为电化学性质。分析物检测部件808还可以包含酶、染料或其它检测器,它们在暴露于合适分析物中时将发生反应。另外,分析物检测部件808可以包括透明光学窗口,该窗口使得光能够通过进入体液中,以便进行分析物分析。分析物检测部件808的数目、位置和类型可以适当变化,部分基于夹盘的设计、待测量的分析物的数目、分析物检测部件标定要求和分析物检测部件的灵敏性。当夹盘800使用一种分析物检测部件结构(在该分析物检测部件结构中,分析物检测部件在安装于夹盘底部的基片上)时,在夹盘800上可以有通孔(如图76所示)、芯吸元件、毛细管或其它装置,以便使体液能够从夹盘流向分析物检测部件808,从而进行分析。在其它结构中,分析物检测部件808可以印刷、形成、或者以其它方式直接位于容纳穿透部件802的空腔中,或者位于在切缝后接收血液的夹盘表面上的区域中。
使用密封层820和基片或分析物检测部件层822可以便于这些夹盘10的制造。例如,单个密封层820可以粘接、安装或以其它方式与夹盘800连接,如箭头824所示,以便同时密封多个空腔806。分析物检测部件的薄片822也可以粘接、安装或以其它方式与夹盘800连接,如箭头825所示,以便同时在夹盘上提供多个分析物检测部件。在本发明一个实施例的制造过程中,夹盘800可以装有穿透部件802,通过层820和在底部(该基片822将在以后装在该底部上)的临时层(未示出)而密封,以便提供用于穿透部件的密封环境。然后,具有临时底层的该组件进行杀菌。在杀菌后,组件送至清洁屋,在该清洁屋中,临时底层将除去,具有分析物检测部件的基片822将与夹盘连接,如图73所示。该方法允许使用可能损害基片822上的分析物检测部件的准确性或功能的处理和/或温度来对具有穿透部件802的夹盘组件进行杀菌。
在某些实施例中,可以使用多个密封层820来密封空腔806。在某些实施例中,多层可以布置在各空腔806上,空腔的一半或一些选定部分可以由一层密封,空腔的另一半或选定部分可以由另外的薄片或层密封,不同形状的空腔可以使用不同的密封层等。密封层820可以有不同物理性质,例如在夹盘端部附近覆盖穿透部件802的密封层可以也不同颜色例如红色,以便向用户指示(当可视觉观察时)在夹盘应当更换之前,用户可用的穿透部件已经下降至只有10、5或其它数目。
下面将参考图74和75介绍用于夹盘800中的分析物检测部件808的微流体实施例。为了方便图示,空腔806的形状简化成单个楔形形状。应当知道,也可以使用更复杂的形状,例如如图73所示。图74表示了槽道826,该槽道826有助于将体液吸向分析物检测部件808。在本实施例中,两个分析物检测部件808表示为在空腔806中。这只是用于表示目的,因为根据需要,空腔806可以只有一个分析物检测部件,或者有任意其它数目的分析物检测部件。进入空腔806的体液在充满部分空腔时还将通过槽826的毛细作用而被吸向分析物检测部件808。
图75表示了空腔806的局部透视图。穿透部件802(以虚线表示)装入空腔806中,并可以穿过穿透部件出口开口830而向外伸出,如箭头832所示。穿透部件802的尖端的位置可以变化,例如靠近穿透部件出口开口或与该出口间隔开。尖端相对于分析物检测部件808的位置可以变化,例如离开分析物检测部件或间隔开,或者与检测物部件放在一起,或者在分析物检测部件附近。然后,流体可以进入空腔806,并由槽道826引导。如图75所示,槽道826为在顶部开口的槽。槽道826可以是整个槽具有开口顶部,或者它可以有一部分具有密封顶部,从而形成管腔,或者槽可以封闭,除了靠近穿透部件出口开口830处的开口。应当知道,使用一个表面暴露的槽可以获得毛细作用。在某些实施例中,分析物检测部件808靠近穿透部件出口开口830,这样,分析物检测部件808可能不需要毛细作用槽或槽道来吸引体液,如图78所示。
如图75和76所示,空腔806可以包括基片822,该基片822与空腔806的包含分析物检测部件808的底表面连接。通过使分析物检测部件808位于夹盘800的底侧,如图76所示,夹盘800可以包括至少一个通孔834,以便提供使体液从空腔806通向分析物检测部件808的通道。通孔834的尺寸、位置、形状和其它特征可以根据空腔806和提供的分析物检测部件808的数目而变化。在其它实施例中,芯吸元件等可以用于通过通孔834而将体液从槽826吸向分析物检测部件808。
下面参考图77,图中表示了在单个夹盘上的不同槽和分析物检测部件结构。这些结构只是为了表示目的,单个夹盘可以并不包括全部这些结构。不过,应当知道,分析物检测部件结构可以对各个空腔进行定制,例如但不局限于:根据与空腔相关的切缝变量(例如每天的切缝事件次数、要测量的分析物类型、要切缝的测试部位和其它切缝参数)而使用不同数目和位置的分析物检测部件。
图77表示了在空腔838中的穿透部件802,在该空腔中有三个分析物检测部件808。为了容易图示,其余的空腔中省略了穿透部件802,这样,可以更容易地看见分析物检测部件结构。空腔840有槽道826,该槽道826有两个分析物检测部件808。空腔842有槽道844,该槽道844与单个分析物检测部件808连接。空腔846和848分别有一个和两个分析物检测部件808。在这些空腔中的分析物检测部件808可以直接布置在夹盘的穿透部件出口处,或者基本在穿透部件出口处。也可以采用其它分析物检测部件结构,例如但不局限于:将一个或多个分析物检测部件布置在空腔的侧壁上、以特定排列(例如线性排列、三角形排列、正方形排列等)将分析物检测部件布置在侧壁或底表面上、使用混合类型的分析物检测部件(例如电化学和光学、或者某些其它组合)、或者使分析物检测部件混合定位(例如,至少一个分析物检测部件在夹盘下面的基片上,且至少一个分析物检测部件在空腔中)。
图78表示了夹盘800的实施例,其中,分析物检测部件850位于空腔806的远端附近。分析物检测部件850可以形成、沉积或以其它方式安装在夹盘800上。在另一实施例中,分析检测部件850可以是有底部的井或凹坑,该底部充分透明,以便使光学分析物检测部件能够检测沉积在井中或凹坑内的流体中的分析物。井或凹坑也可以包括某些分析物试剂,当体液置于该井中时,该分析物试剂将发生反应(荧光、改变颜色、或者有其它可检测的性质)。在另一实施例中,分析物检测部件850可以由通孔代替,该通孔允许流体通过。在基片822上的分析物检测部件808可以安装在夹盘800的底侧,进入的流体从空腔806向下通向分析物检测部件808。
如上所述,分析物检测部件808还可以恰好布置在接收血液的模块开口附近,或者稍微从模块开口后退,这样,较低容积血液也将到达分析物检测部件。分析物检测部件808可以用于较低容积,例如小于大约1毫升试样,优选是小于大约0.6毫升,更优选是小于大约0.3毫升,最优选是小于大约0.1毫升试样。分析物检测部件808可以直接印刷或形成于穿透部件夹盘800的底部。在一个实施例中,多个微型分析物检测部件场可以布置在径向空腔的底板上或微流体模块上,以便能够对单滴血液的单个分析物进行多个测试,以便提高测量的准确性和精度。不过并不局限于该方式,也可以包括附加的分析物检测部件场或区域,以便进行标定或其它目的。
下面将参考图79-84介绍夹盘800的其它实施例。图79表示了具有半圆形形状的夹盘860。图80表示了为局部曲线形状的夹盘862。图80还表示了夹盘862可以堆垛成不同结构,例如沿垂直方向、水平方向或其它方向。图81表示了具有基本直线形状的夹盘864。图82表示了多个夹盘864,这些夹盘864布置成从中心866径向向外伸出。各夹盘可以在滑动件(为了简化而未示出)上,该滑动件使得夹盘864能够径向向外滑动,以便与穿透部件发射器对齐。在使用后,夹盘864朝着中心866滑动返回,整个组件如箭头868所示旋转,以便使新的夹盘864处在用于穿透部件驱动器的位置。图83表示了另一实施例,其中,多个夹盘800可以堆垛,以便用于穿透部件驱动器(见图85)。驱动器可以运动成使它自身与各夹盘800对齐,或者夹盘可以运动成使它们自身与驱动器对齐。图84表示了另一实施例,其中,多个夹盘864通过柔性支承件而连接在一起,以便确定成一组。辊子870可以用于使夹盘864运动至由穿透部件驱动器872驱动的位置。
下面参考图85,图中表示了使用具有穿透部件驱动器882的辐射状夹盘800的装置880的一个实施例。轮廓形表面884位于穿透部件出口开口886附近,从而使病人能够将他们的手指布置在用于切缝的位置。尽管未示出,装置880可以包括人们可阅读或其它类型的视觉显示器,以便向用户传递状态。显示器也可以表示测量的分析物水平或者其它测量值或对用户的反馈,同时不需要将装置880或单独测试条插入单独的分析物阅读器装置。装置880可以包括处理器或其它逻辑电路,用于驱动穿透部件或用于测量分析物水平。夹盘800可以通过打开装置的顶部壳体而装入装置880中,该顶部壳体可以铰接或可拆卸地与底部壳体连接。夹盘800还可以使用装载装置而拉入装置880中,该装载装置在构思上类似于在光盘播放器等中使用的装载装置。在该实施例中,装置可以有狭槽(类似于汽车中的CD播放器),该狭槽允许将夹盘800插入装置880中,该夹盘再自动装入装置内用于操作的位置或其它位置。装载机构可以机械地提供动力或通过电提供动力。在某些实施例中,除了狭槽之外,装载机构可以使用装载托盘。狭槽可以在壳体上布置为更高,这样,夹盘800将有足够的间隙来装入装置中,然后向下落至穿透部件驱动器882上面。夹盘800可以有指示器标记或转换角度装置,它使得夹盘800在放入装置880中时与装载机构或对齐机构合适对齐。夹盘800可以置于径向平台上,该平台绕穿透部件驱动器882旋转,因此提供了用于使夹盘前进,以便使未使用的穿透部件与穿透部件驱动器啮合的方法。夹盘800在它的底侧或其它表面可以形成一定轮廓形状,例如形成有凹槽、槽、牵引孔、光学标记等,以便于处理夹盘和/或使夹盘转换角度。这些形状或表面也可以变化,以便指示该夹盘几乎没有未使用的穿透部件、指示只剩下5个穿透部件、或者根据需要指示某些其它夹盘状态指示。
在前述共同转让、共同待审的美国专利申请(律师案号38187-2589和38187-2590)中介绍了用于装载穿透部件的合适方法和装置,为此它们通过参引而包含在本文中。在共同转让、共同待审的美国专利申请(律师号38187-2601和38187-2602)中介绍了用于与穿透部件啮合以及用于除去与穿透部件空腔连接的保护材料的合适装置,因此它们被本文参引。例如,在图78的实施例中,箔或密封层820可以通过沿顶表面890横过空腔延伸和沿倾斜表面892向下延伸而覆盖该空腔,以便提供密封的无菌环境,用于其中的穿透部件和分析物检测部件。在美国专利申请(律师号38187-2602)中介绍的穿刺元件具有穿刺元件,因此在该元件后面的成形部分将箔推向空腔侧部或其它位置,这样,穿透部件802可以进行驱动,体液可以流入空腔中。
下面将参考图86介绍本发明的切缝系统的另一实施例。可以包括辐射状夹盘500,以便用于穿透部件驱动器882。穿透部件可以向外驱动,如箭头894所示。多个分析物检测部件存在于卷材895上,该卷材895布置成靠近穿透部件出口。卷材895可以前进,如箭头896所示,这样,用过的分析物检测部件离开有效部位。卷材895还可以由保持多个分析物检测部件的盘代替,其中,分析物检测部件盘(未示出)定向在基本与夹盘500平面垂直的平面中。分析物检测部件盘还可以为不与夹盘500的平面平行的其它角度,以便能够旋转,并相对于夹盘500的、新的未使用穿透部件顺序有新的、未使用的分析物检测部件。
下面参考图87A,夹盘500提供了用于切缝系统的高密度包装系统。该形式使得病人能够通过单个夹盘装载大量的穿透部件,同时保持为基本手持装置。当然,该夹盘500也可以用于非手持装置。本夹盘500提供了很高的每一次容积测试密度。对于除了穿透部件外还包括分析物检测部件的夹盘实施例(例如夹盘800),密度也可以测量为在一次中的分析物检测部件和穿透部件的密度的形式。在另一实施例中,密度可以表示为每一次的分析物检测部件的形式。例如,通过获得一个实施例或总包封的物理容积,可以使该数除以穿透部件数目或测试数目。该结果是在盒形式中每个穿透部件或每次测试的容积。例如,在本发明的一个实施例中,夹盘500的总容积确定为4.53立方厘米。在该实施例中,夹盘500保持50个穿透部件。使该容积除以50,每次测试的容积为0.090立方厘米。普通的测试装置例如鼓的范围为0.720或0.670立方厘米,它只是装有多个测试条的容积。这并不包括穿透部件,如本实施例800。因此,本实施例为基本更高的密度。即使具有穿透部件和分析检测部件并在0.500立方厘米范围中的稍微低密度装置,也比已知装置大大改进,因为用于已知装置的上述数字并不包括穿透部件,只是每个测试条的包装。
各穿透部件(或者有时可能是穿透部件和分析物检测部件)可以有在夹盘500中的充填密度或占据容积。在不同实施例中,各穿透部件在夹盘500中的充填密度或占据容积可以不超过大约0.66cm3、0.05cm3、0.4cm3、0.3cm3、0.2cm3、0.1cm3、0.75cm3、0.05cm3、0.025cm3、0.01cm3、0.090cm3、0.080cm3等。这些数字可以是单独用于穿透部件的容积,或者用于穿透部件和分析物检测部件的组合。换句话说,各穿透部件所需的容积不超过0.66cm3/穿透部件、0.05cm3/穿透部件、0.4cm3/穿透部件、0.3cm3/穿透部件、0.2cm3/穿透部件、0.1cm3/穿透部件、0.075cm3/穿透部件、0.05cm3/穿透部件、0.025cm3/穿透部件、0.01cm3/穿透部件、0.090cm3/穿透部件等。因此,当夹盘的总包装容积定义为X,且夹盘包括Y个穿透部件、穿透部件和测试区域、或其它单元395时,各单元的容积不超过0.66cm3、0.05cm3、0.4cm3、0.3cm3、0.2cm3、0.1cm3、0.075cm3、0.05cm3、0.025cm3、0.01cm3、0.090cm3、0.080cm3等。
下面将参考图87B介绍本发明的夹盘的另一实施例。图87B表示了圆锥形夹盘的剖视图,该圆锥形夹盘有穿透部件,在一个实施例中,该穿透部件定向成径向向外运动,如箭头897所示。在另一实施例中,穿透部件可以定向成径向向内运动,如箭头895所示。夹具可以定位成从夹盘的内表面或外表面与穿透部件啮合。
下面参考图88,纳米丝也用于产生用于夹盘800的低容积分析物检测部件。在共同转让、共同待审的美国临时专利申请No.__(律师案号No.38187-2605)中介绍了纳米丝装置的其它详情,该美国临时专利申请的申请日为2002年12月13日,该文献整个被本文参引。纳米丝分析物检测部件898可以包含在容纳穿透部件802的空腔806中。它们可以布置在空腔806的底板或底表面上、在壁上、在顶表面上、或者这些可能性中的一些或全部的任意组合。分析物检测部件898可以设计成有不同的灵敏度范围,以便提高一组这样的分析物检测部件的总体灵敏度。实现该目的的方法可以包括但不局限于:使用不同尺寸的纳米丝、改变纳米丝的数目、或者改变在纳米丝上的葡萄糖氧化酶或其它葡萄糖检测材料的量。这些纳米丝分析物检测部件由于它们的尺寸,因此可以设计成对于各试样使用较低容积体液。在某些实施例中,各分析物检测部件准确地使用小于大约500纳升容积的体液试样。在某些实施例中,各分析物检测部件准确地使用小于大约300纳升容积的体液试样。在某些实施例中,各分析物检测部件准确地使用小于大约50纳升容积的体液试样、小于大约30纳升容积、小于大约10纳升容积、小于大约5纳升容积、和小于大约1纳升容积的体液试样。在某些实施例中,组合排列的分析物检测部件使用小于300纳升的体液来实现分析物测量。
下面将参考图89来介绍本发明的另一实施例。图89表示了用于光学分析物检测部件(图91)的光学照明系统910的一个实施例,该光学分析物检测部件可以与体液试样接触。总系统可以包括多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件有:某些光学指示器;光源912,用于提供照射到分析物检测部件上的光;至少一个光检测器914;一处理器(未示出)。分析物检测部件暴露于未知组分的流体试样中。多个分析物检测部件可以布置成一系列暴露于一种流体试样中的分析物检测部件,各组的目标是一种特定分析物,并可以包含特定分析物的化学药品,该化学药品特别与要分析的一种分析物相互作用,而不与某些其它分析物相互作用。各分析物检测部件还可以有不同灵敏度范围,以便使一系列这样的分析物检测部件的总体灵敏度最大。光源912使光照射在至少一个分析物检测部件上,以便引起光相互作用。在分析物检测部件中的差异可能导致光相互作用中的差异。光检测器检测由分析物检测部件进行的光相互作用。处理器分析由分析物检测部件进行的光相互作用,以便考虑在分析物之间的光相互作用的干涉,从而确定在流体中的合适分析物的浓度。
还是参考图89的实施例,光源912可以是(但不局限于)LED。可选的LED 915也可以用于本发明。来自LED 912的光、照明或激励能量沿通过销孔916、滤光器917和透镜918的通路运行。然后,光与分光镜(例如分色镜或用于分光的其它装置)接触。然后,光引向透镜920,如箭头921所示。透镜920将光聚焦在分析物检测部件(图91)上。该激励能可以从分析物检测部件引起可检测的光学指示。例如但不局限于:荧光能可以由透镜920向上凸(bay)反射。该能量通过分光镜919到达透镜922,然后,该能量由检测器914接收,如箭头923所示。检测器914测量该能量,并将该信息传送给处理器(未示出),以便确定分析物水平。照明系统910还可以包括在盘表面上的电池924。在该特定实施例中,穿透部件925由力产生器926(例如但不局限于:螺线管)驱动,该穿透部件可以用于获得流体试样。装置还可以包括棘爪以及其它的裸露刺血针或穿透部件928。
下面参考图90,图中表示了用于夹盘929的照明系统910的另一实施例。夹盘929与夹盘800类似。夹盘929为单夹盘,有多个穿透部件和多个光学分析物检测部件(未示出)。夹盘929还包括多个光学透明部分930(该光学透明部分930可以是但不局限于窗口等),用于使来自LED 912的光照亮夹盘929的空腔。在一个实施例中,夹盘929的各空腔可以包括至少一个透明部分930。这使得光能够产生能量,该能量可以由分析物检测部件914读出。夹盘929可以使用驱动器882来驱动穿透部件,且夹盘929可以旋转,如箭头931所示。
下面参考图91,图中表示了照明系统的类似实施例的剖视图。该系统932有源912,并有透镜933和激励滤光器934。在一个实施例中,该激励滤光器934只允许激励能通过。该滤光器934允许激励能通向分色镜935,但是使它不能返回源912。激励能向下反射,如箭头936所示。透镜937使能量聚焦在光学分析物检测部件938上。荧光能939通过分色镜935并通向荧光滤光器940。在一个实施例中,荧光滤光器940只允许荧光能通过并通向透镜941。因此,检测器914只能接收来自分析物检测部件938的荧光能。当然,应当知道,滤光器可以改变成允许由分析物检测部件938产生的能量类型通过。在某些实施例中,可以不使用滤光器。分色镜935可以为Bk7基片,63×40×8mm。滤光器还可以是Bk7基片,大约为40mm直径和大约6mm厚度。透镜933、937和941可以为achormat∶bfl=53.6,工作孔径为38mm。
下面将参考图92介绍照明系统942的另一实施例。该系统并不使用分光镜或分色镜。而是,源或LED 912和检测器914都有对准光学分析物检测部件938的直线。在本实施例中,多个元件组合在单个壳体中。例如,透镜943、透镜944和滤光器945组合,而透镜946、透镜947和滤光器948也组合。
下面参考图93,图中表示了在壳体950中的、与图89的系统类似的系统的剖视图。LED 912向反射镜919发送光,通过光路951、元件924到达盘表面。手指入口952使得能够获得试样,并使试样沿流体通路953流动以便进行分析。处理器954可以与检测器914连接,以便分析该结果。
下面还将参考图94介绍与图90的系统类似的系统。该图表示了用于驱动器882的夹盘929。这能够进行径向设计,其中,穿透部件径向向外延伸,如箭头955所示。驱动器882可以有连接器部分,该连接器部分往复运动,如箭头956所示。图95和96还提供了与图89的系统类似的系统的视图。图95、96的实施例可以包括可用于改进能量检测的附加透镜或滤光器。
尽管已经参考本发明的特定实施例介绍和表示了本发明,但是本领域技术人员应当知道,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以对程序和规程进行各种变化、改变、改进、替换、删除或添加。例如,对于任何上述实施例,穿透部件驱动装置相对于穿透部件或夹盘的位置可以变化。对于任何上述实施例,穿透部件尖端可以在驱动过程中暴露(即在发射过程中,穿透部件并不穿刺穿透部件封闭件或保护箔)。对于任何上述实施例,在发射过程中,穿透部件可以是裸露的穿透部件。对于任何上述实施例,在发射之前,穿透部件可以是裸露的穿透部件,因为这可以使得穿透部件明显更紧密。在某些实施例中,穿透部件可以在近端或近侧区域处形成弯头、进行弯曲、形成纹理、进行成形、或者进行其它处理以便于致动器操作。穿透部件可以设置成有凹槽或槽,以便于与夹具连接。凹槽或槽可以沿穿透部件的细长部分形成。对于任何上述实施例,空腔可以在夹盘的底部或顶部,同时夹具在另一侧。在某些实施例中,分析物检测部件可以印刷在空腔的顶部、底部或侧部。在发射过程中,夹盘的前端可以与用户接触。相同驱动器可以用于使穿透部件前进和后退。穿透部件的直径和长度适于获得这里所述的血液容积。穿透部件驱动器还可以在基本与夹盘相同平面中。驱动器可以使用通孔或其它开口,以便与穿透部件的近端啮合,从而沿通路驱动穿透部件进入组织和离开组织。
在本申请或这里所述的任何参考文献中所述的任何特征都可以用于本发明的任何实施例。例如,本发明的装置也可以与如共同转让、共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/127395(律师案号No.38187-2551,申请日为2002年4月19日)中所述的注射穿透部件或针头组合。用于检测箔的存在的分析物检测部件也可以包含在切缝装置中。例如,当空腔以前已经用过时,箔或无菌屏障将穿孔。分析物检测部件可以检测空腔是否为新的,或者并不基于屏障的状态。应当知道,在可选实施例中,无菌屏障可以设计成使得穿刺该厚度的无菌屏障不会使穿透部件的尖端变钝。切缝装置还可以使用改进的驱动机构。例如,螺线管力产生器可以进行改进,以便试图提高螺线管在给定的电流下产生的力的大小。用于本发明的螺线管可以有5个线圈,且在该实施例中,铁心大致为两个线圈的尺寸。一种变化是增加线圈的外部金属壳或绕组的厚度。通过增加厚度,磁通将增大。铁心可以分开;还可以使用两个较小的铁心,并偏离1/2线圈节距。这允许更多铁心接近线圈,在该线圈处铁心将加速。这产生更多的、铁心接近线圈的事件,从而产生更高效的系统。
在另一可选实施例中,在保护空腔内端中的夹具可以在运输过程中和使用后保持穿透部件,从而省略了使用箔、保护端或其它部件来保持用过的穿透部件的特征。所述实施例的某些其它优点和附加实施例的特征包括:相同机构用于将用过的穿透部件传送给储存区域;大量的穿透部件(例如25、50、75、100、500或更多穿透部件)可以装在盘或夹盘上;不需要环绕刺血针的模制体;通过使用夹盘而简化了多穿透部件装置的制造;在不需要任何附加结构特征的情况下可以操作裸露的金属杆丝,以便驱动它们进入组织;保持非常精确的引导(横向好于50微米,且垂直方向好于20微米);以及提供了具有独立空腔/狭槽的、用于新的和用过的穿透部件的储存系统。切缝装置的壳体的尺寸也可以设置成适合人机工程学。在一个实施例中,切缝装置的宽度为大约56mm,长度为大约105mm,厚度为大约15mm。此外,本发明的某些实施例可以用于非电的力产生器或驱动机构。例如,穿孔装置和用于使穿透部件从无菌封闭件中释放的方法可以适用于基于弹簧的发射器。利用摩擦连接的夹具也可以采用其它驱动技术。
本发明也可以包括其它可选特征。例如,对于任何上述实施例,穿透部件驱动装置相对于穿透部件或夹盘的位置可以变化。对于任何上述实施例,穿透部件尖端可以在驱动过程中暴露(即在发射过程中,穿透部件并不穿刺穿透部件封闭件或保护箔)。在发射过程中,穿透部件可以是裸露的穿透部件。相同驱动器可以用于使穿透部件前进和后退。检测不同的葡萄糖浓度范围、不同分析物等的不同分析物检测部件可以组合用于各穿透部件。非电势测量技术也可以用于分析物检测。例如,吸附在碳纳米管粉末微电极上的葡萄糖氧化酶分子的直接电子迁移可以用于测量葡萄糖水平。在某些实施例中,分析物检测部件可以形成为与夹盘平齐,从而不形成“井”。在某些其它实施例中,分析物检测部件可以形成为基本与夹盘表面平齐(在200微米或100微米内)。在所有方法中,纳米范围的丝生长可以通过化学蒸气沉积(CVD)来实现。在本发明的全部实施例中,优选的纳米丝是纳米管。用于将葡萄糖氧化酶或其它分析物检测材料沉积在纳米丝或纳米管上的任何方法都可以用于本发明。本申请交叉参引:共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/323622(律师案号No.38187-2606),申请日为2002年12月18日;共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/323623(律师案号No.38187-2607),申请日为2002年12月18日;以及共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/323624(律师案号No.38187-2608),申请日为2002年12月18日。本申请还涉及共同转让和共同待审的美国专利申请No.10/335215;10/335258;10/335099;10/335219;10/335052;10/335073;10/335220;10/335252;10/335218;10/335211;10/335257;10/335217;10/335212;10/335241;10/335183;10/335082;10/335240;10/335259;10/335182;(律师案号No.38187-2633至38187-2652),它们的申请日为2002年12月31日。上述申请都被本文参引。根据本发明的目的和实践,可以预计结果的变化或差异。因此,本发明由下面的权利要求的范围来确定,且该权利要求应当合理地广义解释。

Claims (215)

1.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件;
多个分析物检测部件,所述分析物检测部件定位成接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
2.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器可操作连接,所述穿透部件可运动,以便从夹盘中径向向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
多个光学分析物检测部件,这些光学分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接,所述分析物检测部件布置在夹盘上以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:夹盘包括多个透明窗口,这些透明窗口与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述穿透部件可滑动地与所述夹盘连接。
5.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:至少一个光学分析物检测部件与至少一个所述穿透部件相连。
6.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述夹盘为扁平径向盘。
7.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述夹盘的直径小于6cm。
8.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述夹盘为单个本体。
9.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述穿透部件并不通过弹性部件而安装在夹盘上。
10.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于大约1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
11.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于大约300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
12.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件安装在所述夹盘上。
13.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组分析物检测部件。
14.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组分析物检测部件,其中,所述组的多个分析物检测部件有不同的分析物灵敏度范围。
15.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组由纳米丝形成的分析物检测部件。
16.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述光学穿透部件是没有模制附件的细长部件。
17.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述光学穿透部件是直径基本恒定的细长丝。
18.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中:各所述穿透部件由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
19.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件有削尖尖端,该削尖尖端可运动,以便穿透组织;
多个光学分析物检测部件,这些光学分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖所述开口。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:夹盘包括多个透明窗口,这些透明窗口与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
21.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:所述穿透部件有削尖的远端,并布置成辐射状图形,且各所述削尖远端指向径向外侧。
22.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件布置在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
23.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
24.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
25.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中:所述无菌屏障在破裂之前使所述开口内部保持无菌环境。
26.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接,所述穿透部件运动成向外伸出,以便穿透组织;
多个光学分析物检测部件,这些光学分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接,所述分析物检测部件接收进入所述空腔的体液。
27.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:夹盘包括多个透明窗口,这些透明窗口与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
28.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:所述分析物检测部件确定所述空腔的一部分。
29.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:所述分析物检测部件安装在所述空腔中。
30.根据权利要求26所述的装置,还包括:覆盖所述空腔的无菌屏障。
31.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
32.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
33.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:至少一些所述光学分析物检测部件位于所述空腔的底表面上。
34.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:至少一些所述光学分析物检测部件位于所述空腔的侧表面上。
35.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:至少一些所述光学分析物检测部件位于所述空腔的顶表面上。
36.根据权利要求26所述的装置,其中:至少一些所述分析物检测部件位于所述空腔的弯曲表面上。
37.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个穿透部件空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少部分装入所述空腔中;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件安装在一基片上,所述基片可以以针对各个所述空腔布置至少一个所述分析物检测部件的方式而与所述单个夹盘连接。
38.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:夹盘包括多个透明窗口,这些透明窗口与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
39.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:所述基片包括一种选自于以下的材料:聚合物、金属箔或纸。
40.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:所述基片包括由以下材料的任意组合制成的层叠物:聚合物、金属箔或纸。
41.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:所述分析物检测部件确定所述空腔的一部分。
42.根据权利要求37所述的装置,还包括:无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖多个所述开口。
43.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
44.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
45.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,其中在至少一个空腔中有至少一个穿透部件;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件在一层材料上,该层材料可与所述单个夹盘连接,其中至少两个所述空腔各自有至少一个分析物检测部件,该分析物检测部件与一个所述空腔流体连通,所述分析物检测部件位于夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
46.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少50个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸;
至少50个光学分析物检测部件,各分析物检测部件与一个所述穿透部件相关联;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
47.根据权利要求46所述的装置,其中:直径不大于大约5cm。
48.根据权利要求46所述的装置,其中:夹盘的容积不超过每穿透部件和光学分析检测部件大约0.5cm3的充填密度。
49.根据权利要求46所述的系统,其中:夹盘的容积不超过每穿透部件和光学分析检测部件大约0.1cm3的充填密度。
50.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少100个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸;
至少100个光学分析物检测部件,各分析物检测部件与一个所述穿透部件相关联;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
51.根据权利要求50所述的装置,其中:直径不大于大约5cm。
52.根据权利要求50所述的装置,其中:夹盘的容积不超过每穿透部件和光学分析检测部件大约0.5cm3的充填密度。
53.根据权利要求50所述的装置,其中:夹盘的容积不超过每穿透部件和光学分析检测部件大约0.1cm3的充填密度。
54.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个分析物检测部件;
使用穿透部件驱动器来驱动所述穿透部件以便穿透组织,其中,用过的穿透部件和分析物检测部件保持与所述夹盘连接;
其中,具有用过的穿透部件和用过的分析物检测部件的所述夹盘可进行更换处理;
整个夹盘通过将具有穿透部件和分析物检测部件的新夹盘插入穿透部件驱动器内而更换。
55.一种切缝系统,包括
穿透部件驱动器;
在盘形壳体中的多个穿透部件;
穿透部件释放装置,该穿透部件释放装置使穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放,并使所述穿透部件进入将与所述穿透部件驱动器操作连接的位置;
多个采样模块,其中,各所述模块与一个所述穿透部件连接,并装入所述盘形壳体中。
56.根据权利要求55所述的系统,其中:所述穿透部件驱动器是电动驱动器。
57.根据权利要求55所述的系统,其中:所述释放装置包括足以穿刺穿透部件封闭件的活动部件。
58.根据权利要求55所述的系统,还包括:穿透部件连接器,该穿透部件连接器适于与一个穿透部件啮合,并独立地使一个穿透部件沿从壳体中向外的通路前进至目标组织内以及退回至壳体中。
59.根据权利要求55所述的系统,其中:所述试样模块的试样腔室容积小于1微升。
60.根据权利要求55所述的系统,还包括:穿透部件连接器,该穿透部件连接器适于与一个模块啮合,并使一个模块和一个穿透部件前进,这样,所述一个小刀可以沿从壳体向外的通路前进至目标组织内以及退回至壳体中。
61.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用的切缝系统,该系统包括:
用于容纳多个穿透部件和光学分析物检测部件的装置;
用于使一个所述穿透部件从所述壳体装置上的密封封闭件中释放的装置;
用于使一个所述穿透部件与所述穿透部件驱动器操作连接的装置;
其中,一个所述光学分析物检测部件接收来自通过一个所述穿透部件在所述组织中产生的伤口的体液。
62.一种体液采样系统,包括:
夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述夹盘连接,并选择地驱动,以便穿透组织,所述穿透部件径向向外伸出,以便穿透组织;
多个光学分析物检测部件,这些光学分析物检测部件与所述夹盘连接;
电动的驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器设置成驱动处于发射位置的一个所述穿透部件进入组织部位内。
63.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:夹盘包括多个光学透明部分,这些光学透明部分与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
64.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:光源,用于向一个所述分析物检测部件提供激励能量。
65.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:分色镜。
66.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:光学分析物检测部件,该光学分析物检测部件接收由一个所述光学分析物检测部件反射的能量。
67.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述驱动力产生器设置成顺序驱动所述穿透部件,各所述部件沿通路从所述发射位置进入组织部位和离开该组织部位。
68.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:穿透部件连接器,该穿透部件连接器安装在驱动力产生器上,该连接器设置成与处于发射位置的一个所述穿透部件形成摩擦连接。
69.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:用于使所述穿透部件运动以便与所述驱动力产生器的连接器接触的装置。
70.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述穿透部件连接器可垂直运动。
71.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:致动器,用于使所述辐射状夹盘旋转。
72.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:用于使力产生器与一个所述穿透部件连接的装置。
73.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:穿透部件传感器,该穿透部件传感器定位成监测与所述力产生器连接的穿透部件,该穿透部件传感器设置成提供关于穿透部件穿透皮肤表面的深度的信息。
74.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度为大约100至2500微米。
75.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度为大约500至750微米。
76.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约1000微米。
77.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约500微米。
78.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度大于皮肤表面的角质层厚度不超过大约300微米。
79.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透深度小于皮肤表面的皮肤角质层厚度和400微米的总和。
80.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器还设置成控制穿透部件的速度。
81.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:有效穿透部件沿基本线性通路运动至组织内。
82.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:有效穿透部件沿至少部分弯曲的通路运动至组织内。
83.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:驱动器是音圈驱动力产生器。
84.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:驱动器是旋转音圈驱动力产生器。
85.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器与处理器连接,该处理器发出用于穿透部件驱动器的控制指令。
86.根据权利要求85所述的系统,其中:处理器包括存储器,用于储存和取出一组用于穿透部件驱动器的穿透部件轮廓。
87.根据权利要求85所述的系统,其中:处理器用于在穿透部件沿第一方向运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度。
88.根据权利要求85所述的系统,其中:处理器用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,以便使穿透部件获得合适速度。
89.根据权利要求85所述的系统,其中:当穿透部件接触目标组织时,处理器用于调节施加给穿透部件的力,这样,穿透部件在合适的速度范围内穿透目标组织。
90.根据权利要求85所述的系统,其中:处理器用于在穿透部件沿第一方向朝着目标组织运动时监测穿透部件的位置和速度,其中,施加给穿透部件的发射力根据穿透部件的位置和速度来控制。
91.根据权利要求90所述的系统,其中:处理器用于控制施加给穿透部件的后退力,这样,穿透部件可以沿第二方向运动离开目标组织。
92.根据权利要求91所述的系统,其中:穿透部件沿第一方向向着目标组织运动的速度与穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度不同。
93.根据权利要求91所述的系统,其中:穿透部件沿第一方向向着目标组织运动的速度大于穿透部件离开目标组织时的速度。
94.根据权利要求90所述的系统,其中:穿透部件沿第一方向的速度在大约2.0至10.0m/sec范围内。
95.根据权利要求91所述的系统,其中:穿透部件在沿第一方向的组织穿透冲程过程中的平均速度比穿透部件在沿第二方向的退回冲程过程中的平均速度大大约100至大约1000倍。
96.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器包括电容增量编码器。
97.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器包括增量编码器。
98.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器包括光学编码器。
99.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中:穿透部件传感器包括干涉编码器。
100.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述穿透部件以遵循切缝速度型面的速度而沿通路前进。
101.根据权利要求62所述的系统,还包括:用户界面,该用户界面设置成可传递穿透部件性能或穿透部件设置中的至少一个。
102.根据权利要求101所述的系统,其中:用户界面设置成为用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输入:穿透部件穿透深度、穿透部件速度、合适的速度型面、穿透部件进入目标组织中的速度、穿透部件离开目标组织的速度、穿透部件在目标组织中的停留时间、穿透部件的观察和保持特征。
103.根据权利要求101所述的系统,其中:用户界面向用户提供从以下组中选择的至少一个输出:可用穿透部件数目、用过的穿透部件的数目、穿透部件在目标组织穿透循环中的实际穿透深度、角质层厚度、在目标组织穿透循环中施加的力、穿透部件驱动器用于驱动穿透部件进入目标组织的能量、穿透部件的停留时间、电池状态、系统状态、消耗的能量、以及在目标组织穿透循环过程中的穿透部件速度型面。
104.根据权利要求101所述的系统,其中:用户界面是从以下可视显示器组中选择的至少一种:LCD、LED、TFT和背光LCD显示器。
105.根据权利要求101所述的系统,其中:用户界面包括从以下组中选择的输入装置:按钮、接触垫和触敏视觉显示器。
106.根据权利要求101所述的系统,还包括:
数字交换装置,用于使穿透部件驱动器与支持设备连接。
107.根据权利要求106所述的系统,其中:支持设备是从以下组中选择的至少一种:个人计算机、调制解调器、PDA和计算机网络。
108.根据权利要求101所述的系统,还包括:数据界面,该数据界面设置成使皮肤穿透系统通过数据界面与支持设备连接。
109.根据权利要求108所述的系统,其中:数据界面是从以下组中选择的至少一种:Serial RS-232、调制解调器界面、USB、HPNA、以汰网(Ethernet)、光学界面、IRDA、RF界面、蓝牙界面、蜂窝电话界面、2路呼机界面、标准并行端口界面、近场磁耦合和RF收发器。
110.根据权利要求101所述的系统,其中:用户界面包括实时时钟以及一个或多个警报器,以便提醒用户需要进行下一次目标穿透事件。
111.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于1微升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
112.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件设置成利用少于300纳升的体液试样来确定分析物水平。
113.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件安装在所述夹盘上。
114.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组分析物检测部件。
115.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组分析物检测部件,其中,所述组中的多个分析物检测部件有不同的分析物灵敏度范围。
116.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述光学分析物检测部件包括一组由纳米丝形成的分析物检测部件。
117.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述穿透部件是没有模制附件的细长部件。
118.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述穿透部件是直径基本恒定的细长丝。
119.根据权利要求62所述的系统,其中:各所述穿透部件由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
120.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件有削尖尖端,并可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述穿透部件可沿离开夹盘的通路相对于其它的穿透部件运动,以便穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,其中,至少一个分析物检测部件定位成当一个所述穿透部件在所述组织中形成伤口时接收体液;
所述穿透部件布置有削尖尖端,该削尖尖端指向径向外侧;
其中,各所述空腔局部由可偏转部分确定,在第一位置,所述可偏转部分防止所述穿透部件离开夹盘,所述可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,以便产生开口,该开口允许所述刺血针从夹盘向外伸出。
121.根据权利要求120所述的装置,其中:夹盘包括多个光学透明部分,这些光学透明部分与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
122.根据权利要求120所述的装置,其中:可偏转部分可垂直偏转。
123.根据权利要求120所述的装置,其中:可偏转部分可水平偏转。
124.根据权利要求120所述的装置,还包括:在夹盘的平表面上面的无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖在该表面上的多个纵向开口。
125.根据权利要求120所述的装置,其中:各可偏转部分包括可穿透的壁,用于接收用过的穿透部件的削尖尖端。
126.根据权利要求120所述的装置,还包括:模块,该模块安装在一个所述穿透部件周围,并有至少一个所述光学分析物检测部件。
127.根据权利要求120所述的装置,还包括:模块,该模块可滑动地安装在一个所述穿透部件的周围,并有至少一个所述光学分析物检测部件,所述模块可运动成靠近组织中的所述伤口。
128.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔;
通过无菌屏障来密封多个空腔;
通过使分析物检测部件与夹盘连接而使所述夹盘有多个光学分析物检测部件。
129.根据权利要求128所述的方法,还包括:使所述夹盘有多个光学透明部分,这些光学透明部分与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
130.根据权利要求128所述的方法,其中:所述光学分析物检测部件层包括固定在从以下组中选择的材料上的所述光学分析物检测部件:聚合物、箔或纸。
131.根据权利要求128所述的方法,其中:密封在所述空腔中形成无菌环境。
132.根据权利要求128所述的方法,还包括:将第二无菌屏障施加给所述夹盘。
133.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,这些空腔至少局部保持多个穿透部件;
当各个所述空腔处于密封状态时对所述夹盘进行杀菌;
通过在无菌环境中打开空腔、使提供了分析物检测部件的分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接、并使空腔重新密封以便保持无菌环境,从而将分析物检测部件加在空腔上。
134.根据权利要求133所述的方法,还包括:使所述夹盘有多个光学透明部分,这些光学透明部分与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
135.根据权利要求133所述的方法,还包括:将无菌屏障加在所述夹盘上。
136.根据权利要求133所述的方法,其中:所述提供步骤包括在杀菌之前添加覆盖所述空腔的无菌屏障。
137.根据权利要求133所述的方法,其中:所述分析物检测部件包括不能承受穿透部件杀菌处理的组分。
138.一种驱动穿透部件进入组织部位以便获得体液试样的方法,所述方法包括:
提供单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个光学分析物检测部件;
使流体从伤口流出,该伤口通过使一个所述穿透部件从夹盘径向向外前进进入组织部位中而产生;
将流体吸入所述单个夹盘中,该夹盘使得至少一个所述光学分析物检测部件暴露于所述流体中。
139.根据权利要求138所述的方法,还包括:使所述夹盘有多个光学透明部分,这些光学透明部分与所述光学分析物检测部件对齐。
140.根据权利要求138所述的方法,还包括:使用电动的驱动力产生器来使穿透部件前进。
141.根据权利要求138所述的方法,其中:所述夹盘有盘形结构。
142.根据权利要求138所述的方法,其中:各所述穿透部件是没有模制附件的细长部件。
143.根据权利要求138所述的方法,其中:各所述穿透部件是直经基本恒定的细长丝。
144.根据权利要求138所述的方法,其中:各所述穿透部件由从以下组中选择的一种材料制成:金属或金属合金。
145.根据权利要求138所述的方法,其中:所述夹盘有径向形状,并旋转以便使未使用的穿透部件进入用于驱动力产生器的发射位置中。
146.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述穿透部件有远端,该远端足够尖锐以便穿刺组织,各所述穿透部件可相对于其它穿透部件运动,从而使削尖的远端径向向外伸出,以便穿透组织;
其中:所述穿透部件为没有模制附件的细长部件。
147.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;以及
多个裸露的刺血针,这些裸露的刺血针有削尖尖端,并可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述裸露刺血针可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的裸露刺血针运动,以便穿透组织,
所述裸露刺血针布置成使削尖尖端指向径向外侧;
其中,各所述空腔局部由可偏转部分确定,在第一位置,所述可偏转部分防止所述穿透部件离开夹盘,所述可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,从而产生开口,该开口允许所述刺血针从夹盘中向外伸出。
148.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述穿透部件至少部分装入一个所述空腔内,并可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的穿透部件运动,并进入组织中;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖在夹盘上的多个开口,并在该多个开口中形成无菌环境。
149.一种装置,包括:
单个辐射状夹盘;
多个裸露的刺血针,这些刺血针可滑动地与所述夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织,各所述刺血针有纵向轴线;
其中,刺血针纵向定向,以便基本在公共平面内。
150.一种装置,包括:
夹盘;
多个裸露的刺血针,这些刺血针可滑动地与所述夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织,各所述刺血针有纵向轴线;
第一无菌屏障,该第一无菌屏障在夹盘的顶表面上;
第二无菌屏障,该第二无菌屏障在夹盘的另一表面上。
151.一种用于穿透生物体的装置,包括:
穿透部件;
第一表面,该第一表面与穿透部件物理接触;
第二表面,该第二表面与穿透部件物理接触;
其中,在穿透部件和第二表面之间的摩擦系数比在穿透部件和第一表面之间的摩擦系数小至少15%。
152.一种切缝装置,包括:穿透部件,该穿透部件的轴有横向狭槽,该横向狭槽设置成与驱动部件的凸起匹配。
153.一种穿透部件,包括:轴,该轴有提高摩擦的外表面。
154.一种装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入单个夹盘的所述空腔内,其中,穿透部件可滑动地运动,以便从所述夹盘中向外伸出,从而穿透组织,各所述空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了能够接近穿透部件的细长部分的通路;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个纵向开口。
155.一种装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入单个夹盘的所述空腔内,其中,穿透部件可滑动地运动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口中向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个所述侧开口。
156.一种切缝系统,包括:
夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织,所述穿透部件径向向外伸出以便穿透组织;
电动的驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器可操作地与有效穿透部件连接,以便驱动所述穿透部件进入组织部位中。
157.一种切缝系统,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有开口,该开口穿过夹盘的中心延伸;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述夹盘连接,并可选择地驱动以便穿透组织,所述穿透部件径向向外伸出以便穿透组织;
穿透部件驱动器,该穿透部件驱动器至少部分位于所述中心开口内,所述驱动器可与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动所述穿透部件进入组织部位中。
158.一种切缝系统,包括:
单个夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并选择地驱动以便穿透组织;
驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动所述穿透部件进入组织部位中;
反馈回路,该反馈回路控制与驱动力产生器连接的有效穿透部件的位置。
159.一种切缝系统,包括:
单个夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并选择地驱动以便穿透组织;
驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器与有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动所述穿透部件进入组织部位中;
所述驱动力产生器驱动至少一个所述穿透部件,以便遵循速度型面。
160.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘:
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接;
多个棘爪表面,这些棘爪表面处于夹盘上,用于使夹盘前进。
161.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少50个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
162.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少100个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少局部装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可从夹盘中沿向外方向运动,以便穿透组织。
163.一种切缝系统,包括:
多个夹盘,各夹盘包括多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接;
夹盘装载装置,用于使至少一个所述夹盘运动,以便可操作地与穿透部件驱动器连接。
164.一种切缝装置,包括:
穿透部件夹盘,其中,穿透部件可退回并保持在夹盘中,这样,它们不能再次使用。
165.一种切缝装置,包括:
夹盘,其中,箔或密封件通过与穿透部件不同的机构来破坏。
166.一种切缝系统,使用多个穿透部件,该切缝系统包括:
穿透部件驱动器;
夹盘,该夹盘容纳所述多个穿透部件;
穿透部件释放装置,该穿透部件释放装置使得一个穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放;
穿透部件连接装置,其中,所述夹盘可定位成使得一个所述穿透部件与连接器啮合以便与所述穿透部件驱动器操作连接。
167.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔;
用密封层密封多个空腔;
通过使分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接而提供多个分析物检测部件。
168.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个用于保持穿透部件的空腔;
当各所述空腔处于密封状态时对所述夹盘进行杀菌,该夹盘包含至少一个穿透部件;
将无菌屏障施加在所述辐射状夹盘上,所述屏障覆盖多个空腔。
169.一种方法,包括:
将处于无菌环境中的多个穿透部件分别朝着穿透部件发射位置输送;
在驱动之前可从无菌环境中释放一个所述穿透部件;
使所述穿透部件运动至发射位置,以便与穿透部件驱动器操作连接。
170.一种方法,包括:
提供穿透部件驱动器;
将视觉显示器安装在所述穿透部件驱动器上,其中,所述显示器在与处理器连接时可传递从发射性能或发射设置中选择的穿透部件信息。
171.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件;
穿透无菌屏障,并使屏障离开一个有效穿透部件的通路;
与该一个有效穿透部件形成摩擦连接;
驱动该一个有效穿透部件。
172.一种根据权利要求所述的方法,还包括:使夹盘的一部分弯曲,以便产生用于使所述穿透部件离开夹盘的开口。
173.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个裸露的刺血针;
与一个有效的裸露刺血针形成摩擦连接;
驱动该一个有效穿透部件。
174.一种与夹具一起使用的装置,该装置包括:
夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少部分装入夹盘的所述空腔中,其中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘中向外伸出,从而穿透组织,各所述空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了能够接近穿透部件的细长部分的通路;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个纵向开口,其中,覆盖侧开口的无菌屏障设置成进行运动,以便使夹具能够在不与屏障接触的情况下接近该细长部分。
175.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述穿透部件的远端足够尖锐,以便穿刺组织,各所述穿透部件可相对于其它的穿透部件运动,从而使相应穿透部件的远端可运动,以便穿刺组织;
其中,各所述穿透部件是裸露的刺血针,且在驱动过程中并不穿透外部无菌屏障。
176.一种装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入空腔内,其中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个所述侧开口,其中,覆盖侧开口的无菌屏障设置成进行运动,以便使穿透部件在不与该屏障接触的情况下离开侧开口。
177.一种装置,包括:用于以辐射状形状容纳多个穿透部件的装置,所述穿透部件可单独与驱动器连接。
178.一种切缝系统,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘确定了多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件至少局部装入单个夹盘的所述空腔中,其中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖至少一个所述侧开口,并设置成进行运动,从而使得在驱动过程中从侧开口离开的穿透部件将不会与该屏障接触;
电动的驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器与一个有效穿透部件操作连接,以便驱动该有效穿透部件进入组织部位中。
179.一种切缝系统,包括:
夹具,该夹具确定了多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入该单个夹盘的所述空腔中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖至少一个所述侧开口,并设置成进行运动,从而使得在驱动过程中从侧开口离开的穿透部件将不会与该屏障接触;
反馈回路,用于在驱动过程中控制各所述穿透部件从夹盘向外伸出的轨迹。
180.一种切缝系统,包括:
单个夹盘,该单个夹盘有多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入该单个夹盘的所述空腔中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘向外伸出,从而穿透组织,各所述空腔有纵向开口,该纵向开口提供了能够接近穿透部件的细长部分的通路;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个纵向开口;
穿孔器,该穿孔器可运动,以便穿透无菌屏障,并使一个穿透部件从由无菌屏障产生的无菌环境中释放。
181.一种切缝系统,包括:
单个夹盘,该单个夹盘有多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入该单个夹盘的所述空腔中,其中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障与所述夹盘连接,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个所述侧开口;
穿孔器,该穿孔器可运动,以便穿透无菌屏障,并将无菌屏障推至这样的位置,即,使得穿透部件可以在不与无菌屏障接触的情况下进行驱动。
182.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并可与驱动器连接;
多个开口,这些开口在所述夹盘上,并设置成将所述夹盘定位成使得未使用的穿透部件与驱动器对齐;
致动器,该致动器设置成与开口啮合,并驱动夹盘,以便使未使用的穿透部件与驱动器对齐。
183.一种切缝系统,包括:
驱动器;
夹盘;
多个裸露的刺血针,这些刺血针与夹盘连接;
刺血针夹具,该刺血针夹具与驱动器连接,其中,夹具有狭槽,用于接收至少一个裸露的刺血针,所述狭槽与所述一个裸露刺血针形成摩擦夹持。
184.根据权利要求183所述的系统,其中:夹具有支脚部分,该支脚部分确定了所述狭槽,所述支脚可弹性运动,以便接收裸露的刺血针。
185.一种切缝系统,包括:
刺血针驱动器;
多个刺血针,这些刺血针处于盘形壳体中;
刺血针夹具;
刺血针释放装置,用于使刺血针在使用之前从无菌环境中释放;以及
致动器,该致动器设置成使盘形壳体相对于刺血针夹具运动,以便使一个所述刺血针与刺血针夹具接触。
186.一种切缝系统,包括:
刺血针驱动器;
夹盘,该夹盘容纳所述多个刺血针;
刺血针夹具,该刺血针夹具与所述刺血针驱动器连接;
刺血针释放装置,该刺血针释放装置使一个刺血针在使用之前从无菌环境中释放;
所述夹盘可相对于刺血针驱动器运动,以便使一个所述刺血针与刺血针夹具啮合和脱开。
187.一种切缝系统,用于与驱动器一起使用,所述系统包括:
用于使穿透部件从夹盘上的无菌封闭件中释放的装置,所述夹盘有多个无菌封闭件和多个穿透部件;
用于使所述穿透部件与所述驱动器对齐和操作连接的装置。
188.一种方法,包括:
将有多个穿透部件的夹盘装入切缝装置壳体中;
使所述穿透部件从夹盘上的无菌环境中释放;
使所述穿透部件在壳体中朝着发射位置运输;
将刺血针装载成与装置中的穿透部件驱动器操作连接。
189.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个独立密封的空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件;
降低穿孔板,以便从一个密封空腔中释放未使用的穿透部件;
使夹盘旋转,以便使得未使用的穿透部件与夹具对齐;
通过将穿透部件插入夹具上的接收狭槽中而与穿透部件形成摩擦啮合。
190.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件,其中,各部件通过与夹盘连接而进行保持;
使穿透部件与夹具啮合;
使用第一力产生器来使夹具以足以使得穿透部件从与夹盘的连接中释放的方式运动;
使用第二力产生器来使夹具以足以驱动穿透部件进入组织中的方式运动。
191.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,各空腔装有穿透部件,其中,各部件通过与夹盘连接而进行保持;
提供穿孔装置;
提供穿透部件夹具;
在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,其中,夹盘与夹具分离;
在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,其中,夹具在夹盘中的未使用穿透部件上面对齐;
在夹盘和夹具之间产生相对运动,其中,夹具与未使用的穿透部件啮合。
192.一种方法,包括:
提供刺血针驱动器;
将视觉显示器安装在所述刺血针驱动器上,其中,所述显示器在与处理器连接时传递从切缝性能或切缝设置中选择的刺血针信息。
193.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;
插入多个穿透部件,所述多个穿透部件至少部分装入所述空腔内,其中,穿透部件可滑动,以便从所述夹盘上的侧开口向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
将无菌屏障添加在所述夹盘上,所述无菌屏障覆盖多个所述侧开口。
194.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,用于保持穿透部件;
在各所述空腔处于密封状态且夹盘装有多个穿透部件时对所述夹盘进行杀菌;
使用平面片状的无菌屏障材料来覆盖多个所述空腔,以便在各所述空腔内部产生无菌环境。
195.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个裸露的刺血针;
使无菌屏障的至少一部分进行运动,这样,一个有效的所述裸露刺血针在不与所述无菌屏障接触的情况下离开夹盘从而穿透组织;
使所述一个有效的裸露刺血针在穿透组织之后退回至夹盘内。
196.一种与穿透部件一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接和与穿透部件驱动器操作连接,且所述穿透部件可运动,以便从夹盘径向向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接,所述分析物检测部件定位在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
197.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件有削尖的尖端,该尖端可运动,以便穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接;
无菌屏障,该无菌屏障覆盖所述开口。
198.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接,并可与穿透部件驱动器连接,所述穿透部件可运动,以便向外伸出,从而穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件与所述单个夹盘连接,所述分析物检测部件接收进入所述空腔的体液。
199.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个穿透部件空腔;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件至少局部装入空腔内;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件安装在基片上,所述基片可与所述单个夹盘连接,以便相对每个所述空腔布置至少一个所述分析物检测部件。
200.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用以便穿透组织的装置,该装置包括:
单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个开口和多个空腔;
多个穿透部件,至少一个所述空腔中有至少一个穿透部件;
在一层材料上的多个分析物检测部件,该层材料与所述单个夹盘连接,其中,至少两个所述空腔分别有至少一个分析物检测部件,该分析物检测部件与一个所述空腔流体连通,所述分析物检测部件定位在夹盘上,以便接收来自组织中的伤口的体液,该伤口由穿透部件产生。
201.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少50个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少部分装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约5英寸;
至少50个分析物检测部件,各分析物检测部件与一个所述穿透部件相关联;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可沿从夹盘向外的方向运动,以便穿透组织。
202.一种装置,包括:
单个夹盘;
至少100个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述单个夹盘连接并至少部分装入所述单个夹盘中,其中,所述夹盘的直径不大于大约6英寸;
至少100个分析物检测部件,各分析物检测部件与一个所述穿透部件相关联;
当由所述穿透部件驱动器驱动时,所述穿透部件可沿从夹盘向外的方向运动,以便穿透组织。
203.一种方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个分析物检测部件;
使用穿透部件驱动器来驱动所述穿透部件,以便穿透组织,其中,用过的穿透部件和分析物检测部件保持与所述夹盘连接;
装有所述用过的穿透部件和用过的分析物检测部件的夹盘可置换处理;
通过将具有穿透部件和分析物检测部件的新夹盘插入穿透部件驱动器中而更换整个夹盘。
204.一种切缝系统,包括:
穿透部件驱动器;
在盘形壳体中的多个穿透部件;
穿透部件释放装置,该穿透部件释放装置使所述穿透部件在使用之前从无菌环境中释放,并使所述穿透部件进入与所述穿透部件驱动器操作连接的位置;
多个采样模块,其中,各模块与一个所述穿透部件连接,并装入所述盘形壳体中。
205.一种与穿透部件驱动器一起使用的切缝系统,包括:
用于容纳多个穿透部件和分析物检测部件的装置;
用于从所述容纳装置上的密封封闭件中释放一个所述穿透部件的装置;
用于使一个所述穿透部件与所述穿透部件驱动器操作连接的装置;
其中,一个光学分析物检测部件接收来自通过一个所述穿透部件而在组织中产生的伤口的体液。
206.一种体液采样系统,包括:
夹盘;
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件与所述夹盘连接,并可选择驱动,以便穿透组织,所述穿透部件径向向外伸出,以便穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件与所述夹盘连接;
电动的驱动力产生器,该驱动力产生器设置成驱动处于发射位置的一个所述穿透部件进入组织部位。
207.一种用于穿透组织以便获得体液试样的装置,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔;以及
多个穿透部件,这些穿透部件有削尖尖端,并可滑动地与夹盘连接,各所述穿透部件可沿离开夹盘的通路而相对于其它的穿透部件运动,以便穿透组织;
多个分析物检测部件,其中,当一个所述穿透部件产生在组织中的伤口时,至少一个所述分析物检测部件定位成接收体液;
所述穿透部件布置成使得削尖尖端朝着径向外侧;
其中,各所述空腔局部由可偏转部分确定,处于第一位置的所述可偏转部分将防止所述穿透部件离开夹盘,且所述可偏转部分可运动至第二位置,以便产生开口,该开口允许所述刺血针从夹盘向外伸出。
208.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,用于保持穿透部件;
通过无菌屏障密封多个空腔;
通过使分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接而使所述夹盘有多个分析物检测部件。
209.一种制造方法,包括:
提供夹盘,该夹盘有多个空腔,这些空腔至少部分保持多个穿透部件;
当各所述空腔处于密封状态时对所述夹盘进行杀菌;
通过在无菌环境中打开空腔、使提供分析物检测部件的分析物检测部件层与夹盘连接以及重新密封该空腔以便保持无菌环境,从而将分析物检测部件添加在空腔中。
210.一种将穿透部件压入组织部位内以便获得体液试样的方法,所述方法包括:
提供单个夹盘,该夹盘有多个穿透部件和多个分析物检测部件;
将流体从伤口压出,该伤口通过使一个所述穿透部件从夹盘中径向向外前进至组织部位中而产生;
将流体吸入所述单个夹盘中,该夹盘使得至少一个所述分析物检测部件暴露于所述流体中。
211.一种用于确定体液中的分析物浓度的方法,包括:
收集大约500nL或更少的体液试样;
使至少一部分试样充满电化学分析物检测部件的测量区域;
利用电势测量技术来确定试样中的分析物浓度。
212.一种方法,包括:
由病人无助手地产生体液流;
将一部分体液输送至分析物检测部件中,该分析物检测部件设置和布置成从500nL或更少体液中确定分析物的浓度;以及
由输送至分析物检测部件中的体液部分确定体液中的分析物浓度。
213.一种装置,包括:
多个分析物检测部件,这些分析物检测部件形成一组;
其中,当用于试样流体时,至少两个所述分析物检测部件有不同灵敏度范围,从而提高了该组的总体灵敏度范围。
214.一种系统,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘容纳多个穿透部件;
穿孔器,用于穿透夹盘上的无菌屏障;
凸轮,用于使穿孔器顺序穿透屏障,以便从无菌环境中释放至少一个穿透部件。
215.一种系统,包括:
夹盘,该夹盘容纳多个穿透部件;
穿孔器,用于穿透夹盘上的无菌屏障;
凸轮,用于使穿孔器顺序穿透屏障,以便从无菌环境中释放至少一个穿透部件;
穿透部件夹具,该穿透部件夹具与穿透部件驱动器连接,其中,穿透部件夹具可弹性运动,以便向穿透部件施加摩擦力。
CN038139618A 2002-04-19 2003-04-21 用于多用途体液采样设备的方法和装置 Pending CN1662174A (zh)

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