CN1646662B - 液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1646662B
CN1646662B CN03808533XA CN03808533A CN1646662B CN 1646662 B CN1646662 B CN 1646662B CN 03808533X A CN03808533X A CN 03808533XA CN 03808533 A CN03808533 A CN 03808533A CN 1646662 B CN1646662 B CN 1646662B
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liquid crystal
crystal indicator
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CN1646662A (zh
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仲西洋平
柴崎正和
花冈一孝
井上雄一
樽见和明
马蒂亚斯·布雷默
梅拉妮·克拉森-梅默
西蒙·格林菲尔德
理查德·哈丁
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Mike Patent Co ltd
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Sharp Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及液晶显示装置，其经过如下工序来制造：将含有可聚性单体的液晶组合物注入2块基片之间，一边在这两块基片的对置的透明电极间施加电压一边使该单体聚合，其中，所述液晶组合物中含有的可聚性单体具有1个或1个以上的环结构或稠环结构和与该环结构或稠环结构直接连接的官能团。所述单体优选用通式P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2来表示，式中，P1、P2是丙烯酸酯基等；A1、A2是1，4-亚苯基等；Z1是-COO-等；n是0～2。

Description

液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示装置及其液晶材料，该液晶显示装置中，将含有通过光或热而聚合的单体及低聚物等的液晶材料密封于基片之间，并使用在调节向液晶层施加的电压下使可聚性成分聚合，并决定取向方向的液晶。所述电压包括0伏，下文中所谓电压调节包含0伏。
背景技术
有效矩阵(AM：Active Matrix)型液晶显示装置，以前TN(扭转向列：twisted nematic)型是主流。在为TN型的情况下，其缺点是视角特性窄。于是现在在广视角液晶板中，采用被称为MVA(多畴垂直取向：multidomain vertical alignment)型和IPS(平面驱动方式：In-Plane-Switching)型的液晶技术。
IPS型中，在与显示面平行的水平面内设置一组对置的平面的梳形电极，在水平面内将对置电极间的液晶分子进行切换。由于平板形状的梳形电极能使液晶显示装置的数值孔径显著下降，因此在IPS型液晶显示装置中需要很强的背面光。
MVA型中，使液晶垂直于基片进行取向，并且通过设置于透明电极(ITO膜：透明导电膜)的狭缝和设置于对置基片上的凸起来规定液晶分子的取向。由MVA型液晶显示装置中的狭缝或凸起而引起的实际数值孔径的下降尽管比不上使用梳形电极的IPS型液晶显示装置，但是与TN型液晶显示装置相比，MVA型液晶显示装置的透光率低。因此，MVA型液晶显示装置不能用于要求耗电低的笔记本电脑。
在最近的MVA型液晶显示装置中，为了宽视角化，外加电压时使液晶分子倾倒向4个方向，由于复杂地配置凸起和ITO狭缝，因此透光率变得更低。如果将这些配置简单化，并增大凸起间隔或ITO狭缝间隙，则能提高透光率。可是，如果凸起或ITO狭缝的间隙非常大，那么液晶分子的倾斜的传播就需要时间，为了显示而向装置施加电压时装置的响应就变得非常慢。
为了解决这种响应慢的问题，在MVA型液晶显示装置的制造过程中引入了如下技术，即向基片间注入含有可聚性单体的液晶材料，在施加电压的状态下聚合单体，预先记忆液晶分子的倾倒方向的技术。
对于液晶显示装置，通常认为多少会出现长时间连续显示同样的图象后即使改变显示图象也会看到残留的先前的图象的荧光屏图象保留现象。即使是通过上述技术那样，在基片间注入含有可聚性单体的液晶材料，在施加电压的状态下聚合单体，预先记忆液晶分子的倾倒方向，而制造的液晶显示装置，也还是存在无法避免产生荧光屏图象保留现象的问题。现在的情况是，能可靠地降低这一现象的技术到目前为止还未获知。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有效降低了荧光屏图象保留现象的液晶显示装置，特别是MVA型液晶显示装置。
本发明提供的液晶显示装置具有2块配备有透明电极和使液晶分子取向的取向控制膜的基片，且在这两块基片之间含有液晶组合物的，其经过如下工序来制造：在2块基片之间注入含有可聚性单体的液晶组合物，在对这两块基片的对置的透明电极间施加电压的情况下，使该单体聚合；其中，所述液晶组合物中含有的可聚性单体具有1个或1个以上的环结构或稠环结构和2个与该环结构或稠环结构直接连接的官能团。
附图说明
图1是说明比较例和实施例中制得的液晶显示装置的平面示意图。
图2是图1的II-II线截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明通过使用一种特别的物质作为在控制液晶分子的倾倒方向的液晶显示装置的制造阶段使用的单体化合物，使预先记忆密封入基片间的液晶分子的倾倒方向而改善了施加电压时的响应迟缓问题的液晶显示装置中所谓的荧光屏图象保留现象大幅度降低。
具体地来说，发明人等为了解决液晶显示装置的图象保留现象的问题，对使用的各种单体化合物和液晶组合物进行了各种研究，本发明正是基于其研究结果得到的下述认识。
液晶组合物中所含有的单体的分子量越小，图象保留现象越少。
液晶组合物中所含有的单体具有环结构或稠环结构和官能团，并且官能团如果与环结构直接连接，则图象保留现象变少。
与有1个环结构的单体相比，使用有2个环结构的稠环单体时，图象保留现象少；并且，与有2个环结构的稠环单体相比，使用非稠环式的有2个环结构的单体时，图象保留现象少。
在本发明中，为了使不具有官能团的普通液晶分子的方向与单体的分子方向一致必需使用环结构或稠环结构的单体化合物。与所使用的单体中环的数目为1的单体相比，有2个环结构的稠环单体使普通液晶分子进行取向的能力大，且相对地减少在官能团部分的分子中所占的比例、分子本身变得刚直；并且，与有2个环结构的稠环单体相比，非稠环式的有2个环结构的单体使普通液晶分子进行取向的能力大，且相对地减少在官能团部分的分子中所占的比例、分子本身变得刚直。另一方面，如果单体在环结构和官能团之间含有亚烷基或聚亚甲基等可弯曲的部分，则在形成高分子后，对液晶显示装置施加电压时，液晶分子变形的同时，高分子也会与其一起发生变形，从而成为荧光屏图象保留现象的原因。
在本发明中所使用的单体化合物优选从下述通式(1)表示的化合物中选择。
P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2    (1)
该式中，P1、P2是官能团，且分别独立地表示丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基或环氧基；A1、A2是环结构，且分别独立地表示1，4-亚苯基或2，6-亚萘基；Z1是-COO-或-OCO-基团或单键；n是0、1或2。
在式(1)中，P1、P2优选为丙烯酸酯基，Z1优选为单键，n优选为0或1。在本发明中，特别优选的单体是用下式表示的化合物。
上式中，P1、P2是如上式(1)中所定义的基团，P1、P2特别优选为丙烯酸酯基。
在上述化合物中，更优选式(1a)及(1b)的化合物，特别优选式(1a)的化合物。
下面，通过例子来详细说明本发明，但本发明并不限于以下的示例。
在以下示例中的液晶显示装置使用了垂直取向膜。并且，使用介电常数各向异性为负的液晶，且要求无外加电压时液晶分子的排列方向是相对于基片大致垂直的方向。偏振片以正交偏光方式(クロスニコル)贴在液晶显示装置的两侧，因此成为常黑模式，偏振片的偏光轴相对于总线平行。面板规格是15型，分辨率是XGA。
图1表示用来说明制得的液晶显示装置的平面示意图，图2表示图1中的II-II线截面图。在一侧的玻璃基片16上形成遮光用黑矩阵34和彩色滤光片(color filter)39，在彩色滤光片39的上面一面形成了ITO的公共电极12。在玻璃基片16上，进一步形成锯齿状的凸起20，且形成辅助凸起20’。在另一侧的玻璃基片17上设置了多条平行的门总线31、与门总线31的垂直方向相平行的多条数据总线32、与门总线31和数据总线32的交点相对应的形成矩阵状的薄膜晶体管(TFT)33、以及ITO的显示象素电极13。通过绝缘膜51，门总线31从数据总线32上分离，并且在与数据总线32相同的层上形成TFT33的源电极-漏电极。在数据总线32的层上形成绝缘膜52，再在其上形成象素电极13。在象素电极13上，与图1的平面图中的凸起20平行且在相邻的凸起20的中间位置，设置狭缝21。与门总线31平行，且在相邻的门总线31的中间位置，设置辅助电容用的Cs电极35以稳定各象素电极13的电位。如图2中所见，按公共电极12和象素电极13相对置来组合2块玻璃基片16、17，并在二者之间保持有液晶组合物(图中未标出)。在公共电极12和象素电极13的表面形成有取向控制膜，但是为简单起见，未在图2中标出。同样为简单起见，贴在玻璃基片16、17各自的外面一侧的偏振片也未在图2中标出。
在下例中，按如下方法求出图象保留率。
在显示范围内，显示白黑校正图形48小时。然后，在所有显示范围内显示规定的中间色调(灰色)，用显示白色的区域的亮度β和显示黑色的区域的亮度γ的差值(β-γ)除以显示黑色的区域的亮度γ，从而求得图象保留率。即图象保留率α用下式来计算。
图象保留率α＝((β-γ)/γ)×100(％)
比较例1
将添加有0.3重量％的二丙烯酸酯的液晶组合物，注入到液晶显示装置的对置基片之间，所述二丙烯酸酯如下式所示，其在环结构和官能团之间含有三亚甲基链并且分子量较大。然后一边施加10V电压一边于室温以4J/cm2的强度照射紫外线。这个液晶显示装置48小时的图象保留率是25％。
Figure S03808533X19950507D000051
比较例2
将添加有0.3wt％的二丙烯酸酯的液晶组合物，注入到液晶显示装置的对置基片之间，所述二丙烯酸酯如下式所示，其在环结构和官能团之间含有六亚甲基链，然后一边施加10V电压一边于室温以4J/cm2的强度照射紫外线。这个液晶显示装置48小时的图象保留率是26％。
实施例1
将添加有0.3wt％的二丙烯酸酯的液晶组合物注入到液晶显示装置的对置基片之间，所述二丙烯酸酯如下式所示，其中环结构和官能团直接连接，然后一边施加10V电压一边于室温以4J/cm2的强度照射紫外线。这个液晶显示装置48小时的图象保留率是6％。
工业上的应用可能性
根据本发明，可提供一种图象保留率大幅度下降的液晶显示装置。

Claims (7)

1. 液晶显示装置，其特征为，其具有2块配备有透明电极和使液晶分子取向的垂直取向膜的基片，在所述两块基片之间含有液晶组合物，该液晶组合物显示负的介电常数各向异性，在无外加电压时，液晶分子的排列方向是相对于基片大致垂直的方向，所述液晶显示装置经过如下工序来制造：在2块基片之间注入含有可聚性单体的液晶组合物，一边在这两块基片的对置的透明电极间施加电压，一边使该单体聚合；其中，所述液晶组合物中含有的可聚性单体如下述通式所示：
P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2
式中，P1和P2各自独立地表示选自丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基或环氧基的基团；A1和A2各自独立地表示选自1，4-亚苯基或2，6-亚萘基的基团；Z1表示-COO-或-OCO-基团或单键；n表示0、1或2；
其中所述液晶显示装置还具有贴在所述两块基片上的两片偏振片，该两片偏振片以正交偏光方式配置而使液晶显示装置成为常黑模式；并且其中所述含有可聚性单体的液晶组合物包含所述可聚性单体和所述液晶分子。
2. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，P1及P2是丙烯酸酯基，Z1是单键，n是0或1。
3. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，所述单体如下式所示：
式中，P1和P2各自独立地表示选自丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基或环氧基的官能团。
4. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，所述单体如下式所示：
Figure S03808533X20071126C000021
式中，P1和P2各自独立地表示选自丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基或环氧基的官能团。
5. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，所述单体如下式所示：
Figure S03808533X20071126C000022
式中，P1和P2各自独立地表示选自丙烯酸酯基、甲基丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基或环氧基的基团。
6. 如权利要求3～5的任一项所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，P1及P2是丙烯酸酯基。
7. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征为，所述单体如下式所示：
Figure S03808533X20071126C000023
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