CN1571496A - 多媒体时间偏移系统 - Google Patents

多媒体时间偏移系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1571496A
CN1571496A CNA2004100563883A CN200410056388A CN1571496A CN 1571496 A CN1571496 A CN 1571496A CN A2004100563883 A CNA2004100563883 A CN A2004100563883A CN 200410056388 A CN200410056388 A CN 200410056388A CN 1571496 A CN1571496 A CN 1571496A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
image
signal
television
tuner
transmit
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Granted
Application number
CNA2004100563883A
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English (en)
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CN1314265C (zh
Inventor
J·M·巴顿
R·J·迈基尼斯
A·S·莫斯科维奇
A·M·古德曼
周展唐
J·S·高
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Tivo Solutions Inc
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Tivo Inc
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Application filed by Tivo Inc filed Critical Tivo Inc
Publication of CN1571496A publication Critical patent/CN1571496A/zh
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Abstract

本发明容许使用者储存所选定的电视播送节目，而使用者可同时收看或回顾其它节目。本发明之较佳实施例系接收多种模拟及数字格式的输入数据流。电视数据流系被转换成(动态影像压缩标准(Moving Picture Experts Group，MPEG))格式化的数据流，以用于内部传输及操作处理，并进行解析及分割而成为视频与音频分量。分量储存于缓冲区。事件以指出所寻得分量的类型、其所在位置、以及何时出现的方式而被储存。程序逻辑会被告知一事件的出现，且数据会从缓冲区中被获取出来。语法分析程序及事件缓冲区可使中央处理单元(CPU)免于解析MPEG数据流及数据流的即时性质，因而可使用速率较低的CPU与数据总线，并降低系统的成本。视频及音频分量系储存于储存装置当中，当节目被要求进行播放时，视频及音频分量会从储存装置中被获取出来，并重新组合成MPEG数据流而传送给解码器。解码器系将MPEG数据流转换为电视输出信号，并将电视输出信号传送到电视接收器。使用者的控制指令可被接收，并经由本系统传送。这些指令可影响所述MPEG数据流的输送，且容许使用者以下列至少一种功能加以观看：倒回、快进、播放、暂停、索引、快速/慢速逆向播放、以及快速/慢速播放。

Description

多媒体时间偏移系统
本申请是1999年3月4日申请的、申请号为998090202.9、发明名称为《多媒体时间偏移系统》的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及电视播送信号的时移。本发明尤其涉及电视播送信号之即时记录、储存及播放。
发明背景
盒式录放影机(VCR)已改变全世界电视观众的生活型态。盒式录放影机将具有时移弹性的电视节目提供给观众，以符合观众的生活方式。
收视者用盒式录放影机将电视节目储存在磁带上。盒式录放影机可使收视者能对所录制的节目内容进行播放、倒转、快进及暂停。这些功能让收视者能依其所需暂停节目的播放或快进通过不想观看的节目内容或广告，以及重新播放喜爱的节目内容。然而，盒式录放影机无法在同一个时间内录制及播放信息。
解决这一问题的一种方法是使用数台盒式录放影机。例如，若有两台录放影机，则可在两台录放影机之间进行交替运作(Ping-Pong)。这时，第一录放影机在收视者感兴趣的节目开始处启动。若收视者想要倒回播放内容，则第二录放影机即开始录制，而第一录放影机将停止录制并倒回至适当的位置并开始播放。然而，若收视者想要在倒回之后快进至某一时间点，则至少需要第三台录放影机。这时，当第二录放影机停止并倒回至适当的位置时，第三录放影机即可开始录制播送的数据流。若继续执行以上的操作，则可以观察到设备将变得使用不便、不可靠、昂贵以及难以操作等问题，并且无法支援所有功能上的需求。此外，由于磁带具有固定的长度，并且可能在不恰当的时刻中断，因而大大地降低了上述解决方案的价值。
有人提议使用数字电脑系统来解决这一问题。1994年12月6日授予Logan等人的美国专利5,371,551给出一种用于同时进行影像录制及播放的方法。上述专利提出一种由微处理器控制的播送及播放装置。该装置将视频数据压缩并储存于硬盘上。然而，由于处理器必须跟上高速的视频速率而使得装置成本昂贵且问题重重，因而这种处理方法难以实施。微处理器的处理速率必须非常快，以便跟得上输入及输出的视频数据。
若能够提供一种多媒体时间偏移系统，则将有利于使用者能够同时录制及播放电视所播送的节目。若能够提供一种使微处理器免于处理高速视频数据速率的多媒体时间偏移系统，则亦将有利于降低微处理器及系统的需求，这正是人们所希望的
发明概述
本发明提供一种多媒体时间偏移系统。本发明利用一种容易操作且低成本的多媒体储存装置以及显示系统，使使用者能够观看电视节目，并可同时选择即时回顾节目中先前的内容。此外，本发明使使用者能储存所选定的电视节目，而且使用者能够同时观看或回顾另一节目。
本发明之一较佳实施例可接收多种类型的电视输入数据流，例如模拟式的NTSC(National Television Standards Committee，国家电视标准委员会)或逐行倒相制(PAL制)播送类型，以及数字式的数字卫星系统(Digital Satellite System，DSS)、数字播送服务(Digital Broadcast Services，DBS)或ATSC(AdvancedTelevision Standards Committee，高等电视标准委员会)等类型。模拟式电视数据流被转换成(动态影像压缩标准(Moving Picture Experts Group，MPEG))格式化的数据流，以用于内部传输及操作处理，而预先格式化的MPEG数据流从数字电视信号中获取出来，并以相似的格式呈现而被编码成模拟数据流。
本发明解析所得到的MPEG数据流，并将其分割成视频及音频分量。然后将这些分量储存于缓冲区内。所记录的事件指出所找到的分量的类型、其所在位置、以及何时出现。程序逻辑会被告知已发生的事件，并从缓冲区中获取数据。
语法分析程序及事件缓冲区可使中央处理单元(CPU)免除解析MPEG数据流及数据流的即时性质。此种免除CPU的方式可容许使用速率较低的CPU与数据总线，因而降低系统的成本。
视频及音频分量系存于储存装置中。当要求进行播放节目时，视频及音频分量会从储存装置中被获取出来，并重新组合成MPEG数据流。MPEG数据流会被传送至解码器。解码器将MPEG数据流转换为电视输出信号，并将电视输出信号传送到电视接收器。
使用者的控制指令被接收，并经由本系统传送。这些指令可影响该MPEG数据流的输送，且容许使用者以下列至少一种功能收视存储的节目：倒放、快进、播放、暂停、索引、快速/慢速逆向播放、以及快速/慢速播放。
本发明的其它技术特征及优点，将通过以下结合附图的详细说明而呈现给读者，使读者清楚的理解本发明的原理。
附图简述
图1为根据本发明的较佳实施例在高阶层示意方框图；
图2为本发明的较佳实施例的示意方框图，其中使用了本发明的多重输入及输出模块；
图3为根据本发明的MPEG数据流及其视频与音频分量的示意图；
图4为根据本发明包含在媒体开关内的语法分析程序及四个直接存储器存取(Direct Memory Access，DMA)输入引擎的方框图；
图5为根据本发明的分组基本数据流(packetized elementary stream，PES)缓冲器的示意图；
图6为来自媒体开关的输出环型缓冲器中被解析的数据分量的分组基本数据流缓冲器的结构的示意图；
图7为根据本发明的媒体开关以及与媒体进行信息交换的各种元件的方框图；
图8为根据本发明的程序逻辑的高阶层示意方框图；
第9图为根据本发明的程序逻辑的类别阶层结构的方框图；
图10为根据本发明的夹件(clip)高速缓存(cache)元件的较佳实施例示意方框图；
图11为根据本发明模拟播送工作室的视频混频器的较佳实施例的示意方框图；
图12为根据本发明的闭路字幕语法分析程序的示意方框图；以及
图13为根据本发明利用盒式录放影机做为集成式元件的较佳实施例在高阶层示意的方框图。
发明详细说明
本发明是以一种多媒体时间变换系统来实施的。一种根据本发明的系统提供了一种多媒体储存装置以及显示系统，可让使用者观看电视节目，并可同时选择即时回顾节目中先前的内容。本发明还使使用者能储存所选定的电视节目，而且使用者能够同时观看或回顾另一节目，并可以下列至少一种功能观看所储存的节目：倒回、快进、播放、暂停、索引、快速/慢速逆向播放、以及快速/慢速播放。
参照图1，本发明的较佳实施例具有一输入区101、媒体开关102及一输出区103。输入区101获取多种类型的电视输入数据流，例如NTSC制(NationalTelevision Standards Committee，国家电视标准委员会)或PAL制的播送，以及数字式的数字卫星系统(Digital Satellite System，DSS)、数字播送服务(DigitalBroadcast Services，DBS)或ATSC(Advanced Television Standards Committee，高等电视标准委员会)等类型。DBS、DSS及ATSC是以称作动态影像压缩标准2(Moving Picture Experts Group 2，MPEG2)及MPEG2传输的标准为基础。MPEG2传输是一种用于将电视信号源发射器的数字数据流加以格式化的标准，使得电视接收器能够分解输入数据流而在多路复用信号中找出节目。输入区101产生MPEG数据流。MPEG2传输的多路复用支持同一播送频道中的多种节目，并且具有视频和音频数据馈送以及专用数据。输入区101将频道调整到特定节目、获取其中特定的MPEG节目，并将其提供给系统中的其它部分。模拟电视信号用分离的视频及声音编码器而被编码成相似的MPEG格式，使得系统中的其它部分并未察觉信号是如何得到的。信息可以多种标准方式而被调制为模拟电视信号的垂直空白间隙(Vertical Blanking Interval，VBI)；例如，北美电视文字播送标准(NorthAmerican Broadcast Teletext Standard，NABTS)可用来将信息调制为10线至20线的NTSC信号，而美国联邦电信委员会(Federal Communications Commission，FCC)则管理闭路字幕(CC)及扩充数据服务(Extended Data Services，EDS)21的使用。这些信号用输入区进行解码，并以如同经由MPEG2的专用数据频道的方式传送那样，传送到其它部分。
媒体开关102协调中央处理单元(CPU)106、硬盘或储存装置105、以及存储器104之间的运作。输入数据流被转换成MPEG数据流并传送至媒体开关102。媒体开关102将MPEG数据流缓冲于存储器内。而后，若使用者观看即时的电视节目，则媒体开关102进行两种操作：数据流被传送到输出区103，并且该数据流同时被写入硬盘或储存装置105。
输出区103获取MPEG数据流做为输入，并依照NTSC、PAL或其它所需的电视标准而产生模拟电视信号。输出区103包含一MPEG解码器、屏幕显示发生器、模拟电视编码器、以及声音逻辑线路。屏幕显示产生器使程序逻辑能提供影像，而该影像将被最终的模拟电视信号覆盖于其上方。此外，输出区可利用包括NABTS、闭路字幕(CC)以及EDS等多种标准格式，将程序逻辑所提供的信息调制到输出信号的垂直空白间隙(VBI)上。
图2，本发明可轻易扩充而适用于多个输入区(调谐器)201、202、203及204，各个区可调谐至不同类型的输入。亦可同时加入多个输出模块(解码器)206、207、208及209。如画中画(picture-in-picture)等特殊效果可由多个解码器来实施。媒体开关205在使用者观看另一节目时，同时录制另一节目。这表示当一数据流被储存到磁盘上时，可以从磁盘中获取另一数据流。
参照图3，输入的MPEG数据流301已插入视频数据段302、305和306以及音频数据段303、304和307当中。这些数据段必须加以分离及重新组合，以建立分开的视频208及音频309数据流或缓冲信息。如此是必要的，因为分开的解码器用于将MPEG信息转换回到音频或视频模拟模拟信息分量。此种分开传送的方式需要产生时间序列信息，以使解码器能够恰当同步而进行精确的信号播放。
媒体开关使程序逻辑将恰当的时间序列信息与各个数据段联系在一起，或许会直接内嵌于数据流当中。每一数据段的时间序列信息称为时间标记。每当系统开机时，这些时间标记会以单向的方式而从零开始增加。如此即可让本发明在特定的数据段当中寻找特定的播放点。例如，若系统需要将五秒钟读入由高速缓存处理的输入连续视频数据流当中，则系统仅需开始向前读入该数据流，并寻找适当的时间标记。
二进制搜寻法可针对储存的文件进行搜寻，以指引至一数据流。由于时间标记为均匀一致的，因此每一数据流系以能够进行快速二进制搜寻的方式而被储存为固定大小的数据段的序列。若使用者想从节目的中间开始，则系统会针对被储存的数据段进行二制搜寻，直到找到适当的点为止，并以最少量的信息取得所需的结果。若信号被储存为MPEG数据流，则可能需要从起始处以线性的方式解析该数据流而寻找所要的位置。
参照图4，媒体开关包含四个输入直接存储器存取(DMA)引擎402、403、404及405，而各个DMA引擎皆具有一相关的缓冲器410、411、412及413。在概念上，每一DMA引擎具有一指针406、该指针的界限407、下一指针408、以及该下一指针的界限409。每一DMA引擎专用于一特定类型的信息；例如，视频402、声音403以及被解析的事件405。缓冲器410、411、412及413为环型且收集特定信息。DMA引擎系将指针406递增至相关的缓冲区，直到其到达界限为止，而后载入下一指针408及界限409。将指针406及下一指针408设定为相同值及其所对应的界限值即可建立环型缓冲区。下一指针408可设定至不同的地址而提供向量DMA。
输入数据流通过语法分析程序401。语法分析程序401解析数据流而寻找以MPEG做为区别的事件，并指出视频、音频或专用数据段的起始。例如，当语法分析程序401找到一视频事件时，它将该数据流导引至视频DMA引擎402。语法分析程序系经过视频DMA引擎402而将信息从缓冲区中取出，并直接存取至视频缓冲区410。在此同时，语法分析程序401将一事件导引至事件DMA引擎405，而此事件DMA引擎产生一事件至事件缓冲区413。当语法分析程序遇到一声音事件时，它将字节数据流导引至声音DMA引擎403，并产生一事件至事件缓冲区413。同样地，当语法分析程序401遇到专用数据事件时，它将字节数据流导引至专用数据DMA引擎404，并将一事件导引至事件缓冲区413。当事件被存放在事件缓冲器内时，媒体开关会通过中断机制而告知程序逻辑。
参照图4及图5，事件缓冲区413由语法分析程序401而填满事件。事件缓冲区当中的每一事件501皆具有一偏移量502、事件类型503以及时间标记字段504。当事件被存放到缓冲区时，语法分析程序401可提供每一事件的类型及偏移量。例如，当一声音事件出现时，事件类型字段将被设定为一声音事件，且偏移量会指出在音频缓冲区411当中的位置。程序逻辑可得知音频缓冲区411的起始处，并加上偏移量而寻找数据流中的事件。地址偏移量502会告知程序逻辑下一事件的出现位置，但并不会告知其终点。前一事件会进行快取处理，从而找出当前事件的终点及数据段的长度。
参照图5及图6，当程序逻辑被媒体开关601中断时，程序逻辑会读取事件缓冲区602当中所累积的事件。从这些事件中，程序逻辑产生一连串对应于被解析的MPEG数据段615的逻辑数据段603。程序逻辑系将偏移量502转换为各个数据段的实际地址610，并利用上一个经过快取处理的事件而记录事件长度609。若数据流是由一模拟信号的编码而产生，则它不包含程序时间标记值，它可供解码器使用而恰当呈现最终的输出结果。因此，程序逻辑系利用所产生的时间标记504来计算每一数据段的模拟程序时间标记，并将结果置于逻辑数据段时间标记607内。对于数字电视数据流而言，程序时间标记值已经编码于数据流当中。程序逻辑获取此信息，并将其置于逻辑数据段时间标记607内。
程序逻辑会持续收集逻辑数据段603，直到其达到固定大小的缓冲量为止。当此种情况发生时，程序逻辑会产生一称作分组基本数据流605的新缓冲区，它包含这些有顺序的逻辑数据段603与附属的控制信息。各个逻辑数据段604会直接指向由媒体开关601所填入的环型缓冲区(如视频缓冲区613)。此新缓冲区随后会被传送到其它逻辑元件，并且这些逻辑元件可以某种方式进一步处理缓冲区当中的数据流，例如将其解码或写入储存媒体。因此，MPEG数据并不会由处理器从存储器中的一位置复制到另一位置。如此即可构成符合成本效益的设计，因为仅需较低的存储器及处理器带宽。
MPEG数据流转换为分组基本数据流(PES)缓冲信息的独特性质在于和逻辑数据段相关的数据不需要出现在缓冲数据本身中，即如以上的说明。当缓冲数据被写入储存装置时，这些逻辑数据段会以其出现的逻辑顺序而被写入储存介质。如此可将数据流的数据分量收集到储存介质中数据流的单独线性缓冲区内，而不论该数据分量是位于视频、音频或专用数据的环型缓冲区内。缓冲区中的信息会以单独传输的方式而从储存介质中读回，且逻辑数据段信息会被更新，以符合在缓冲区606中的实际位置。较高阶层的程序逻辑并不会察觉到此转换过程，因为它仅处理逻辑数据段，因此数据流数据能够轻易地加以处理，而不需要由CPU在动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM)之间复制信息。
媒体开关的独特技术特征之一在于其具有以有效及低成本的方式来处理高速数据的能力。媒体开关可在低成本的平台上执行下列功能：记录视频及音频资料、送出视频及音频数据、将视频及音频数据送至磁盘、以及从磁盘中取出视频及音频数据。通常，媒体开关系以和微处理器的CPU非同步及独立的方式来运作，并使用其DMA的能力而在CPU介入最少的情况下来移送大量的信息。
参照图7，媒体开关701的输入端系连接于MPEG编码器703。另外还包含特别用于MPEG声音704以及提供给媒体开关701的VBI数据702的电路。若是处理数字电视信号，则MPEG编码器703被MPEG2传输分用器取代，而MPEG声音编码器704及VBI解码器702则被略除。分用器通过视频输入媒体开关端口而针对被取出的音频、视频及专用数据频道的数据流进行多路复用处理。
语法分析程序705用于解析来自于MPEG编码器703、音频编码器704及VBI解码器702，或来自于传输分用器(在数字电视数据流的情况下)的输入数据流。语法分析程序705检测位于视频或音频数据流当中所有重要事件、所有帧以及序列标头的起始，所有这些信息皆为程序逻辑所必须得知的，以便能够正确地播放数据流，并执行特殊功能，例如：快进、倒回、播放、暂停、快速/慢速播放、索引、以及快速/慢速逆向播放。
当语法分析程序705辨认出视频、音频数据段或被给定专用数据时，将标签707置于先进先出缓冲区706。当这些标签被取出时，DMA709会加以控制。段标签707和DMA地址被置于事件队列708中。不论是视频I-帧、视频B-帧、视频P-帧、视频PES、音频PES、序列标头、普通数据帧或专用数据分组等帧类型的信息，皆连同存放于相关环型缓冲区中的偏移量而被存放在事件队列708当中，其中各信息也存放在该环型缓冲区内。当程序逻辑被传送到DRAM714之后，在CPU713当中运行的程序逻辑会检查环型缓冲区中的事件。
媒体开关701具有连接于CPU713和DRAM714的数据总线711。地址总线712也在媒体开关701、CPU713和DRAM714之间共同使用。硬盘或储存装置710连接于媒体开关701的其中一端口。媒体开关701将数据流输出到MPEG视频解码器715及分开的音频解码器717。声音解码器717信号包含声音指示信号。它由系统根据使用者在遥控或其它内部事件上的指令而产生。由MPEG解码器所输出的解码声音与分开的声音信号进行数字混合718。最终所得到的信号包含视频、音频及屏幕显示，并传送至电视716。
媒体开关701取得8位元数据并将其送至磁盘，同时从磁盘获取另一数据流，并将其送至MPEG解码器715。以上所描述的所有DMA引擎皆可在同一时间运作。媒体开关701可利用现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)、应用专用集成电路(ASIC)或离散逻辑而在硬件上实现。
程序逻辑仅需浏览DRAM 714中的环型事件缓冲区，以分辨出每一帧的起始位置及类型，而不需要解析大量的数据流来寻找每一帧的可能起始位置。此种处理方式可节省大量的CPU电源，并可使CPU 713的即时要求维持在最小的状态。CPU713在任何时间皆不需具有很高的速率。媒体开关701尽可能提供时间给CPU713以完成工作。语法分析程序机构705及事件队列708以低成本的方式使CPU 713免于分析声音、影像与缓冲区，以及数据流的即时性质。此种方式也容许在使用非常低时钟速率的CPU环境中使用总线结构，并且配合比其它方式更廉价的存储器来运作。
CPU 713具有为一DMA传输安排队列的功能，并且可在其闲置时建立下一DMA传输。这就使CPU 713拥有大量的时间来伺服DMA控制器709。由于容许较大的等待时间，因此CPU 713可在较大的时框内回应DMA断。不论是从MPEG2传输获取出来或从模拟电视信号编码而得的MPEG数据流，其通常利用一种称作可变位速率(Variable Bit Rate，VBR)编码的技术来加以编码。这种技术会将代表一连串图像所需的数据量改变为这些图像之间的移动量。此技术可大量地缩减信号的带宽，而快速移动的串列(如篮球运动)则可以大得多的带宽进行编码。例如，休斯直播电视卫星系统以所需频宽的每秒1至10Mb/s的速率进行编码；并随着帧的不同而有所变化。若不使用此结构，则对于任何电脑系统而言，实难于跟上变化如此快的数据速率。
参照图8，CPU当中的程序逻辑具有三个概念上的元件：源区801、转换区802及信宿803。源区801产生数据缓冲区。转换区802处理数据缓冲区，而信宿803则消耗数据缓冲区。转换区负责对在其上运算的数据缓冲区进行分配及排列。缓冲区系以如同“空白”而分配给数据源，并以「充满」而反馈回去。而后缓冲区进入排列状态并以“充满”的状态提供给信宿，并且信宿将使缓冲区回到空白状态。
源区801接收来自于编码器的数据，例如数字卫星接收器。源区系从下游转换取得此数据的缓冲区，并将此数据封存至缓冲区，而后以上述的方式将缓冲区推进传输通道中。源区目标801并不知道关于本系统其它部分的状况。信宿803会消耗缓冲区，并从上游转换中取得缓冲区，且将数据传送到解码器，而后再释放缓冲区以重新使用。
在此使用的转换802有两种：空间转换及时间转换。空间转换的例子即如在缓冲数据通过时所进行的图像卷积或压缩/解压缩。时间转换系用于当进入系统的缓冲区与离开系统的缓冲区之间没有可表示的时间关系的时候。此种转换将缓冲数据写入位于储存介质中的文件804。缓冲数据会在稍后被取出，并沿着传输通道加以传送，并在数据流当中适当地排序。
参照图9，图中示出程序逻辑所衍生的C++类别阶层结构。TiVo(一种个人化电视服务)媒体核心(TmkCore)904、908及913在操作系统核心内运作。此核心提供诸如存储器分配、同步化及线程化等操作功能。TmkCore 904、908及913将取自于媒体核心的存储器做为目标，其可提供给操作者用于建构新的目标或删除目标。每一目标(源区901、转换区902及信宿903)已定义为多工线程化，并可以并行处理的方式运作。
TmkPipeline(Tmb通道)类别905、909及914负责控制通过系统的流量。传输通道在流量中由源区901至信宿903而指向下一传输通道。举例而言，若要暂停传输通道，则称作“暂停”的事件会传送至传输通道中的第一目标。此事件会沿着传输通道而一路转送至下一目标。此过程对于通过传输通道的数据来说是以异步方式进行的。因此，在诸如电话通讯等类似的应用中，MPEG数据流的流量控制是异步的，并且与数据流本身分离。此方式可容许使用简单的逻辑设计，同时具有足够能力来支援先前所描述的技术特征，其中包括暂停、倒转、快进等功能。再有，此结构可在数据流来源之间进行快速且有效率的切换，这是因为可以丢弃缓冲处理的数据并利用单一事件而将解码器重置，此后来自于新数据流的数据将会通过传输通道。举例而言，当频道切换由输入区所获取时，或当来自于输入区的实况播送信号与已储存的数据流之间进行切换时，即需要使用上述功能。
源区目标901为TmkSource(Tmk源区)906，而转换目标902则为TmkXfrm910。以上为中间阶层的类别，其定义为传输通道当中的标准行为。概念上，它们沿传输通道交换缓冲区。源区目标901从实体数据源将数据取出(如媒体开关)，并将其存放在PES缓冲区内。为了取得此缓冲区，源区目标901向传输通道中的下游数据流目标要求一缓冲区(allocEmptyBuf)。源区目标901会被封闭，直到拥有足够的存储器为止。此意味着传输通道是自我调整的；它具有自动的流量控制。当源区目标901充满了缓冲区时，它会通过pushFullBuf功能而将缓冲区交回给转换区902。
信宿903也受流量控制。信宿呼叫nextFullBuf，以告知转换区902其已为下一充满的缓冲区备妥。此操作可封闭信宿903，直到一缓冲区已备妥为止。当信宿903完成一缓冲区之后(亦即它已消耗完缓冲区中的数据之后)，它会调用releaseEmptyBuf。ReleaseEmptyBuf将缓冲区交回给转换区902。举例而言，而后转换区902可将该缓冲区交回给源区目标901，以便重新填满。此方法除了具有自动流量控制的优点的外，还用来强制转换缓冲区固定配置而限制专用于缓冲区的存储器量。此为在有限DRAM环境中达到成本效益的重要特征。
MediaSwitch类别909采用TmkClipCache 912目标的allocEmptyBuf方法，并从其接收PES缓冲区。而后它离开媒体开关的硬件中的环型缓冲区，并产生PES缓冲区。MediaSwitch类别909会充满缓冲区，并将其推回TmkClipCache 912目标。
TmkClipCache 912会在储存介质中保留一高速缓存文件918。它还将两个指针保留在此高速缓存储器当中：推进指针919，其可显示来自于源区901的下一缓冲区被插入的所在；以及目前指针920，它指向目前使用中的缓冲区。
目前指针所指向的缓冲区经由Vela解码器类别916进行处理。Vela解码器类别916会在硬件当中与解码器921沟通。解码器921会产生经过解码的电视信号，而此信号会相继被编码成模拟NTSC、PAL或其它模拟格式的电视信号。当Vela解码器类别916完成缓冲区之后，它将调用releaseEmpthBuf。
类别的结构可使得本系统易于进行测试及除错。每一阶层皆可单独地进行测试，以确保其以适当的方式执行，而且类别可逐渐地加以结合而实现所需的功能性，同时能够维持有效测试每一目标的能力。
控制目标917用于接收来自于使用者的指令，并将事件传送至传输通道，以控制传输通道的执行状况。例如，若使用者拥有一遥控器并且正在观赏电视节目，则使用者按下暂停键后，控制目标917会送出一事件至信宿903以告知其暂停。信宿903将停止要求新的缓冲区。目前指针920会停留在其所在位置。当信宿903接收到另一事件而告知其播放时，信宿903将会开始再度获取缓冲区。本系统具有完美的同步功能；它从帧停止之处开始。
遥控器还包含快进按键。当快进按键被按下后，控制目标917会将一事件传送至转换区902，以告知其向前移动两秒钟。转换区902发现两秒钟的时间长度需要向前移动三个缓冲区。而后其发出一重置事件至下游传输通道，以使得任何在队列中的数据或可能出现在硬件解码器的状态被强迫输出。此为一关键步骤，因为MPEG数据流的结构要求必须维持多个数据帧的状态，而该状态将由于重新配置指针而变成无效。而后其将目前指针920向前移动三个缓冲区。信宿903在下一次调用nextFullBuf时，将取得新的目前缓冲区。相同的方法可应用在快速倒回功能，这时转换区902将目前指针920向后移动。
系统时钟参考位于解码器当中。系统时钟参考在快速播放下会被加速，而在慢速播放下则会被减速。信宿单纯取决于时钟速率而要求整个缓冲区加快或减慢。
参照图10，衍生自TmkXfrm类别的另外两目标存放在传输通道，以便于磁盘的存取。其中之一称作TmkClipReader 1003，而另一称作TmkClipWrite 1001。缓冲区来到TmkClipWrite 1001，并且被推进至位于储存介质1004的文件中。TmkClipReader 1003会要求取自储存介质1005中文件的缓冲区。TmkClipReader1003仅提供allocEmptyBuf及pushFullBuf方法，而TmkClipWrite 1001仅提供nextFullBuf及releaseEmptyBuf方法。因此，TmkClipReader 1003执行如输入或TmkClipCache 1002的“推进”端的相同功能，而TmkClipWrite 1001则执行如输出或TmkClipCache 1002的“拉回”端的相同功能。
参照图11，其显示一完成多种功能的较佳实施例。源区1101具有一电视信号输入端。源区将数据传送给PushSwitch 1102，它来自TmkXfrm的转换。PushSwitch 1102具有多个输出端，可由控制目标1114加以切换。此意味着一部分的传输通道可停止，而另一传输通道则可按照使用者任意而开始。使用者可切换到不同的储存装置。PushSwitch 1102可输出至TmkClipWriter 1106，送至储存装置1107或写入高速缓存转换1103。
此装置的一个重要特征系在于可在程序逻辑的控制下，轻易选择输入信号的录制部分。根据诸如目前时刻、特定的时间长度或经由收视者按压遥控器等信息，TmkClipWriter 1106可被切换以记录一部分的信号，并且在稍后的某一时间关闭。此切换通常是通过发送出一个“切换”事件至PushSwitch 1102目标而引起的。
另一种用于启动选择性记录的方法是通过将信息调制到VBI，或存放到MPEG专用数据信道。从VBI或专用数据信道所解码出的数据会被送到程序逻辑。程序逻辑会检查此数据，以判定该数据是否指明所调制的电视信号的记录应开始。同样地，此信息也可指明记录应在何时终止，或另一数据项目可调至为指明记录应何时终止的信号。起始及终止指示器可以明确地调制到该信号中，或者以标准方式存放在该信号中的其它信息可以用于对此信息进行编码。
参照图12，其显示一实例来说明程序逻辑如何扫描包含于闭路字幕栏当中的字，利用特定的字或词句来启动记录，以确定起始及终止的时间。其中包括NTSC或PAL字段1201的数据流。闭路字幕字节组获取自每一奇数字段1202，并加入环型缓冲区1203当中，以用于由字语法分析程序1204来处理。字语法分析程序1204收集字符，直到遇到字边界为止，此边界通常为空隔、句点或其它描述字符。回想上述情况，MPEG音频及视频数据段被收集到一连串大小固定的PES缓冲区。一特殊数据段会被加入每一PES缓冲区，以保留获取自闭路字幕字段1205的字。因此，闭路字幕的信息将会和声音及影像保持同步，并且可在数据流播放时正确地呈现给收视者。如此亦容许储存的数据流在程序逻辑闲置的时候为闭路字幕的信息提供处理，其可分散乘载量、降低成本及提升效率。在此情况下，存放在特殊数据段的字即可直接送至状态表逻辑1206。
在数据流进行记录当中，每一字会被锁定在表1206当中，该表指明针对该字所进行的识别动作。此动作可简单改变识别器状态机器1207的状态，也可以使状态机器1207发出一动作要求，如“开始记录”、“停止记录”、“看到的词句”，或其它类似的要求。的确，所识别的字或词句会使传输通道被切换；例如，若节目当中使用不想要的语言时，则可覆盖一种不同的声音轨迹。
应注意的是，语法分析程序状态表1206及识别器状态机器1207可在任何时间加以修饰或更改。例如，不同的表及状态机器可提供给各个输入频道。在另一种情况下，这些元件可取决于日期时间或其它事件而加以切换。
参照图11，PullSwitch 1104被加入，它输出至信宿1105。信宿1105会调用nextFullBuf及releaseEmptyBuf，以取得或返回来自于PullSwitch 1104的缓冲区。PullSwitch 1104可有任何数目的输入，其中一输入可为ActionClip1113。遥控器可在输入源之间进行切换。控制目标1114将一事件传送至PullSwitch1104，以告知其进行切换，它将从目前的输入源切换至该控制目标所选定的任一输入源。
ActionClip类别提供以可预测及可控制的方式来排列一些不同的储存信号，并可能通过遥控器而加入收视者所选择的控制。因此，它以TmkXfrm目标的衍生物的方式呈现，并接收用于切换至下一储存信号的“切换”事件。
如此即可让程序逻辑或使用者建立惯用的视频输出序列。任何数目的视频数据段可加以排列及结合，即如同程序逻辑或使用者使用播送工作室视频混合器一般。TmkClipReader 1108、1109及1110会加以分配并挂在PullSwitch 1104当中。PullSwitch 1104在TmkClipReader 1108、1109及1110之间进行切换，以组合视频及声音裁片。由于传输通道的建构方式的缘故，流量控制是自动化的。Push及Pull开关即如同播送工作室的视频开关一样。
在此所描述的衍生类别及所得到的目标可以任何方式加以组合，以建立一些不同且有用的配置而用于储存、取回、切换及观看电视数据流。例如，若可以使用多个输出及输入区，则可观看其中的一输入区而储存另一输入区，同时可由第二个输出区来产生画中画的视窗，以便观看先前所储存的数据流。这种配置代表一种独特且新颖的软件转换应用，可利用单一符合成本效益的装置来实现昂贵且复杂的硬件解决方案所得到的效果。
参照图13，其显示以盒式录放影机备份来实施的高阶层的系统图。输出模块1303将电视信号传送到盒式录放影机1307。如此可让使用者直接将电视节目录制在录影带上。本发明可让使用者将要录制节目排列于磁盘上，并可针对节目送至盒式录放影机1307的时间进行排序。标题页(EPG资料)可在一节目进行传送之前被送入盒式录放影机1307。较长的节目可由加速播放速率或省略帧而加以调整，使其适合较小的录影带。
盒式录放影机1307输出还可以导引回输入模块1301内。在此种配置方式下，盒式录放影机做为媒体开关1302的备份系统。所有过剩的储存或优先权较低的节目编排将会被送到盒式录放影机1307，以供稍后取用。
输入模块1301可加以解码并传递至在垂直空白间隙(VBI)上编码的系统信息的其余部分。输出模块1303可编码到系统的其余部分所提供的输出VBI数据中。程序逻辑可排列成将不同种类的识别信息编码成输出信号当中，此输出信号将会利用盒式录放影机1307而被记录在影带上。将此影带返回播放即可让程序逻辑返回读取此识别信息，使得记录于影带上的电视信号能够正确地加以处理。例如，一特定节目可连同关于何时被录制及来源网路等信息一起被记录到影带上。当此节目播放到输入模块时，此信息可用于控制信号的储存以及呈现给收视者等。
本领域的普通技术人员将可轻易得知，此种机制可应用于将各种不同的数据项目引入程序逻辑当中，而这些数据项目并不会被视为电视信号。例如，软件更新或其它数据可传送到本系统。从电视数据流接收此数据的程序逻辑可针对该数据的处理方式加以控制，即如根据某种预先取得的按键来要求某种认证程序和/或解密嵌入的信息。此种方法亦可在一般的播送信号中运作，并引入一种有效的方法而将非电视控制信息及数据提供给程序逻辑。
此外，本领域中的普通技术人员将可轻易得知，虽然以上描述特别针对盒式录放影机，但任何多媒体记录装置(如数字光盘-随机存取存储器(DVD-RAM)记录器)可以轻易取代盒式录放影机。
尽管本发明已在此参照较佳实施例而加以说明，但本领域中的普通技术人员可轻易得知，其它应用可取代在此所提出的应用而仍不脱离本发明的精神及范围。例如，本发明可应用于检测赌博场所的犯罪行为。本发明的输入区连接到赌场的摄影监视系统。录制的影像会进行高速缓存储存，并且同时输出到外部的盒式录放影机。使用者可切换到任一视频输入端，而正当外部盒式录放影机载入即时输入视频信号时，其可同时检视(例如倒转、播放、慢速播放、快速播放等)所记录的视频信号的特定数据段。因此，本发明仅由以下所附权利要求书加以界定。

Claims (46)

1.一种用于在计算机环境中同时储存及回放多媒体数据的方法，其特征在于，它包含下述步骤：
提供多个输入信号调谐器；
其中所述调谐器接收模拟和/或数字电视播送信号；
其中每个所述调谐器各自调谐到一特定的播送信号；
将模拟电视播送信号转换成数字信号；
在储存装置中储存所述数字信号和数字电视播送信号；
提供多个输出装置；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取特定的数字信号；
将所述特定的数字信号解码成电视输出信号；
将所述电视输出信号发送到电视监视器；以及
其中所述多个输出装置允许所述电视监视器上图像显示中的图像。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
接收来自一使用者的控制指令。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择所述电视监视器上显示的图像选项中的图像。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择所述输出装置中的哪一个显示在图像显示中的所述图像中。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择每个图像在图像显示中的图像中的显示位置。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择独立的调谐器和所述独立调谐器的特定播送信号。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择将被从所述储存装置中提取并解码的特定数字信号。
8.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者控制解码速率和所述解码步骤的方向，以进行所述电视输出信号的可变速率的快速进带和反绕，帧步进，暂停和播放功能。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，它还包含下列步骤：
将屏幕显示插入所述电视输出信号。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据当前数据和时间自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述播送信号中的特定单词或短语自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
12.一种用于在计算机环境中同时储存及回放多媒体数据的装置，其特征在于，它包含：
多个输入信号调谐器；
其中所述调谐器接收模拟和/或数字电视播送信号；
其中每个所述调谐器各自调谐到一特定的播送信号；
用于将模拟电视播送信号转换成数字信号的模块；
用于在储存装置中储存所述数字信号和数字电视播送信号的模块；
多个输出装置；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取特定的数字信号；
用于将所述特定的数字信号解码成电视输出信号的模块；
将所述电视输出信号发送到电视监视器的模块；以及
其中所述多个输出装置允许所述电视监视器上图像显示中的图像。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于接收来自一使用者的控制指令的模块。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择所述电视监视器上显示的图像选项中的图像。
15.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择所述输出装置中的哪一个显示在图像显示中的所述图像中。
16.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择每个图像在图像显示中的图像中的显示位置。
17.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择独立的调谐器和所述独立调谐器的特定播送信号。
18.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择将被从所述储存装置中提取并解码的特定数字信号。
19.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者控制解码速率和所述解码步骤的方向，以进行所述电视输出信号的可变速率的快速进带和反绕，帧步进，暂停和播放功能。
20.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，它还包含：
用于将屏幕显示插入所述电视输出信号的模块。
21.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，根据当前数据和时间自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
22.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，根据所述播送信号中的特定单词或短语自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
23.一种用于在计算机环境中同时储存及回放多媒体数据的方法，其特征在于，它包含下述步骤：
提供多个输入信号调谐器；
其中所述调谐器接收模拟和/或数字电视播送信号；
其中每个所述调谐器各自调谐到一特定的播送信号；
将模拟电视播送信号转换成数字信号；
将数字信号或数字电视播送信号分离成其视频和音频分量；
在储存装置中储存所述视频和音频分量；
提供多个输出装置；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取特定的视频和音频分量；
将所述特定的视频和音频分量解码成电视输出信号；
将所述电视输出信号发送到电视监视器；以及
其中所述多个输出装置允许所述电视监视器上图像显示中的图像。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
接收来自一使用者的控制指令。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择所述电视监视器上显示的图像选项中的图像。
26.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择所述输出装置中的哪一个显示在图像显示中的所述图像中。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择每个图像在图像显示中的图像中的显示位置。
28.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择独立的调谐器和所述独立调谐器的特定播送信号。
29.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者选择将被从所述储存装置中提取并解码的特定视频和音频分量。
30.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，使用者控制解码速率和所述解码步骤的方向，以进行所述电视输出信号的可变速率的快速进带和反绕，帧步进，暂停和播放功能。
31.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，它还包含下列步骤：
将屏幕显示插入所述电视输出信号。
32.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，根据当前数据和时间自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
33.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述播送信号中的特定单词或短语自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
34.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，它还包括下列步骤：
从所述数字信号或所述数字电视播送信号中提取其它信号分量；
其中所述储存步骤将所述其它信号分量储存在所述储存装置中；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取所述特定视频和音频分量的相关信号分量；
在所述电视输出信号中的适当位置再现所述相关的信号分量。
35.一种用于在计算机环境中同时储存及回放多媒体数据的装置，其特征在于，它包含：
多个输入信号调谐器；
其中所述调谐器接收模拟和/或数字电视播送信号；
其中每个所述调谐器各自调谐到一特定的播送信号；
用于将模拟电视播送信号转换成数字信号的模块；
用于将数字信号或数字电视播送信号分离成其视频和音频分量的模块；
用于在储存装置中储存所述视频和音频分量的模块；
多个输出装置；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取特定的视频和音频分量；
用于将所述特定的视频和音频分量解码成电视输出信号的模块；
用于将所述电视输出信号发送到电视监视器的模块；以及
其中所述多个输出装置允许所述电视监视器上图像显示中的图像。
36.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
用于接收来自一使用者的控制指令的模块。
37.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择所述电视监视器上显示的图像选项中的图像。
38.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择所述输出装置中的哪一个显示在图像显示中的所述图像中。
39.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择每个图像在图像显示中的图像中的显示位置。
40.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择独立的调谐器和所述独立调谐器的特定播送信号。
41.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者选择将被从所述储存装置中提取并解码的特定视频和音频分量。
42.如权利要求36所述的装置，其特征在于，使用者控制解码速率和所述解码步骤的方向，以进行所述电视输出信号的可变速率的快速进带和反绕，帧步进，暂停和播放功能。
43.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，它还包含：
用于将屏幕显示插入所述电视输出信号的模块。
44.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，根据当前数据和时间自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
45.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，根据所述播送信号中的特定单词或短语自动选择各个调谐器的特定播送信号。
46.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，它还包括：
用于从所述数字信号或所述数字电视播送信号中提取其它信号分量的模块；
其中所述储存模块将所述其它信号分量储存在所述储存装置中；
其中每个所述输出装置从所述储存装置中提取所述特定视频和音频分量的相关信号分量；
用于在所述电视输出信号中的适当位置再现所述相关的信号分量的模块。
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