CN1543585A - 减少激光斑纹的方法、装置和漫射器 - Google Patents
减少激光斑纹的方法、装置和漫射器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种减少斑纹的装置(142)包括照射光学部件(148)、漫射器(154)和投影光学部件(156)。照射光学部件将激光照射(172)耦合到漫射器(154),该漫射器安置在第一图像平面(162)内。该漫射器(154)将激光照射分成相格(phase cell),又将相格细分成相格间隔(cell partition)。该漫射器(154)也将时间相位变化(155、157)施加到相格间隔上。投影光学部件(156)将第一图像平面的图像(194)投影到漫射面(158)上。显示装置将光调制器(150)加到用于减少斑纹的装置,并将光调制器放在位于激光源(146)和漫射器(154)之间的第三图像平面内。该漫射器(154)包括第一和第二漫射器相格(diffuser cell),每个相格包括第一和第二漫射器相格间隔(diffuser cell partitions)。在使用中,第一漫射器相格间隔引起零的第一相对相位,而第二漫射器相格间隔引起π弧度的第二相对相位。第一漫射器相格的第一和第二漫射器相格间隔最好以第一哈达马德矩阵图样被安排。第二漫射器相格的第一和第二漫射器相格间隔最好以第二哈达马德矩阵图样被安排。一种减少斑纹的方法包括将激光照射区分成相格,将相格细分成相格间隔,并且在观察激光照射区的强度探测器的积分时间内加时间相位变化到相格间隔上。
Description
相关申请
根据共同处理的2001年6月25日提出的标题为“最佳激光斑纹减少的Hadamard相位图形”的美国临时申请编号____的35U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求优先权。2001年6月25日提出的标题为“最佳激光斑纹减少的Hadamard相位图形”的美国临时申请编号____也作为参考文献被特此引入。
发明领域
本发明涉及激光照射领域。更具体说,本发明涉及这样的激光照射领域,即,在这里,强度探测器观测由激光照射照亮的表面,并且希望减少由强度探测器观测到的斑纹。
发明背景
人眼具有有限的分辨率。当眼睛观察一个物体时,眼睛将这个物体量化成一些析点(resolution spots)。这些析点中的每一个都是眼睛的点分散功能。例如,如果一个人站在距一个平面约3m处,眼睛将这个平面析解成一些析点,这些析点中的每一个都具有约1mm的直径。
图1举例说明观察漫射表面14的眼睛12。激光照射16照射漫射面14。一个特定的析点18被成像到眼睛12的视网膜上。在析点18内的漫射面14特征是不能被眼睛12析解的。漫射面包括许多在析点18内的散射中心。散射中心散射是照射析点18的激光照射16。因为激光照射16是相干的,所以散射中心在眼睛12内产生干涉。干涉使眼睛12根据从亮点到暗点排列的亮度标度觉察到析点。
每个散射中心形成光波源。这些光波相长干涉;或者,这些光波部分地相长干涉和部分地相消干涉;或者,这些光波相消干涉。如果这些光波相长干涉,析点18是亮点。如果这些光波部分地相长干涉和部分地相消干涉,析点18具有形成中等亮度点的中等亮度。如果这些光波相消干涉,析点18是暗点。
因此,眼睛12使漫射面14成像成在亮点、中等亮度点和暗点的随机图形中的表面析点。这就是斑纹。更一般地说,一个利用强度探测器的光学系统也会探测到斑纹。对本专业技术人员来说会认识到,眼睛12是一个生物学的光学系统,其中,视网膜起强度探测器的作用。照相机利用一种类型的强度探测器,对于传统的照相机说是薄膜,或者,对于数字照相机典型地是电荷耦合装置。于是,漫射面14的照片将显示斑纹。图2是一个斑纹19的照片,显示亮点、中等亮度点和暗点的粒状图形。
斑纹的量度是对比度(C)。对比度以百分比为单位,按C=100*IRMS/
I给出。在这里,
I是平均强度,而IRMS是围绕该平均强度的均方根强度波动。
在“斑纹的某些基本性质”,美国光学学会杂志,第六6卷,11期,1976年11月,1145-1150页中,古德曼教导,可以通过叠放N个不相关的斑纹图样来减少斑纹。只要N个不相关的斑纹图样具有相等的平均强度和对比度,这种情况就按
的斑纹减少倍数减小对比度。如果N个不相关的斑纹图样具有不相等的平均强度或不相等的对比度,斑纹减少倍数将比
小。因此,
的斑纹减少倍数是对于N个不相关斑纹图样的斑纹减少的最佳情况。古德曼还教导,可以用时间、空间、频率或偏振手段来获得这些不相关斑纹图样。
现有技术的斑纹减少方法,通过按振荡运动移动视屏生成多个斑纹图样,利用古德曼教导的时间手段。典型地,振荡运动跟踪围绕光轴的小圆或小椭圆。这使斑纹图样相对观察视屏的眼睛12移动,由此形成多个在时间上的斑纹图样。只要振荡运动的速度在阈值速度以上,虽然在任何时间瞬间的斑纹数量不变,但眼睛12却觉察到减少的斑纹。另一个说明方式,如果眼睛12的积分时间足够长,使振荡运动在积分时间内产生不相关斑纹图样,眼睛12探测减少的斑纹。
在激光照射显示系统的技术中知道,可以将有源漫射器加到激光照射成像系统以便减少激光斑纹。有源漫射器被放在中间成像平面或接近中间成像平面。在中间成像平面中以围绕显示系统光轴的旋转或圆环图形移动有源漫射器,以便在显示屏处产生偏移相位。偏移相位产生在时间上不相关的斑纹图样,如此利用古德曼教导的时间手段。
在“用衍射光学元件的激光投影系统中的斑纹减少”,应用光学,第三7卷,10期,1998年4月,1770-1775页中,王等人教导了一个在如激光电视系统这样的激光投影系统中激光斑纹减少的方法。在激光投影系统中,用光栅扫描,类似电子束如何形成CRT(阴极射线管)显示器上的图像那样地,激光光点形成显示屏上的图像。这样实现王等人教的方法,即,扩展激光束;在扩展的激光束中放置衍射光学元件以形成多个小光束;然后,聚焦这些小光束以形成显示屏上的激光光点。随着每个像素在显示屏上形成多个小光束稍微移位。这就提供了时间变化的斑纹图样,并因此造成斑纹减少。王等人还教导,可以旋转衍射光学元件以稍加改进斑纹减少。
在(作为参考文献被特此引入的)1999年11月9日公布的美国专利No.5,982,533中,布鲁姆等人教导了一个显示系统,它包括格栅光阀,红、绿和蓝激光,各种透镜装置,扫描镜,显示屏以及电子线路。电子线路控制格栅光阀、激光和扫描镜以形成显示屏上的二维图像。
在布鲁姆等人教的显示系统中,格栅光阀形成显示屏上的包括直线像素阵列的直线图像。当格栅光阀调制直线像素阵列时,扫描镜以与直线图像垂直方向横跨显示屏重复地扫描直线图像,借此形成二维图像。
因为布鲁姆等人教导的二维图像是用激光照射形成的,所以二维图像呈现激光斑纹,其降低了图像质量。通过减少激光斑纹来改进图像质量会是所希望的。
需要的是,减少其中在显示屏上形成二维图像的激光照射显示系统中激光斑纹的方法。
需要的是,减少其中激光照射照射漫射表面的光学系统中激光斑纹的方法。
发明概要
本发明是一种减少斑纹的方法、一种用于减少斑纹的装置、以减少的斑纹为特征的显示装置以及用于减少斑纹的漫射器。本发明的方法包括将激光照射区分成相格,将相格细分成若干相格间隔,以及在观察激光照射区的强度探测器的积分时间内将时间相位变化加到相格间隔上。如果最佳地加时间相位变化,强度探测器探测到与相格间隔数的平方根相对应的最佳斑纹减少。
为了强度探测器探测到最佳斑纹减少,强度探测器必须把激光照射区析解成具有大于或约等于相格尺寸的析点尺寸的析点。换句话说,为了强度探测器探测到最佳斑纹减少,强度探测器必须是不比强度探测器把析点析解成与相格尺寸对应的析点尺寸的距离近。如果强度探测器比强度探测器析解具有小于相格尺寸的析点尺寸的析点的距离近,强度探测器将探测到斑纹减少,但探测不到最佳斑纹减少。
用于减少斑纹的装置包括照射光学器件、漫射器和投影光学器件。照射光学器件将激光照射耦合到漫射器。漫射器被安置在第一成像面中。漫射器将激光照射分成相格,再将相格细分成相格间隔。漫射器也将时间相位变化加到相格间隔上。投影光学器件将第一成像面的图像投影到漫射表面上,并如此将相格和相格间隔成像到漫射表面上。只要在又观察漫射表面的强度探测器的积分时间内施加时间相位变化,强度探测器就探测到减少的斑纹。
本发明的显示装置装有用于减少斑纹的装置。在漫射器处显示装置产生包括像素的激光照射显示图像,并且,投影光学器件将激光照射显示图像投影到显示屏上。漫射器将像素分成子像素,并将时间相位变化加到子像素上,这样情况减少显示屏上激光照射显示图像中的斑纹。
本发明的漫射器包括第一和第二漫射器相格。第一和第二漫射器相格中的每一个包括第一和第二漫射器相格间隔。在使用时,第一漫射器相格间隔诱导第一零相对相位,而第二漫射器相格间隔诱导第二π弧度相对相位。第一漫射器相格的第一和第二漫射器相格间隔最好按第一哈达马德(Hadamard)矩阵图样安排。第二漫射器相格的第一和第二漫射器相格间隔最好按第二哈达马德矩阵图样安排。第一和第二哈达马德矩阵图样与满足抗相关条件的第一和第二哈达马德矩阵对应。
附图的简要说明
图1说明照射表面的激光照射和观察该表面的人眼。
图2是一个斑纹照片。
图3说明本发明的第一备选实施例。
图4A和图4B说明本发明的第一备选漫射器。
图5A到图5D以数学表达式表示本发明的第一到第四哈达马德矩阵。
图6原理上说明本发明的分成第一到第四相格间隔的相格的幅度分布。
图7A到图7D原理上说明本发明的第一到第四哈达马德矩阵对相格幅度分布的作用。
图8以方框图格式说明本发明的产生n阶哈达马德矩阵的n阶最佳抗相关组的方法。
图9以数学表达式表示本发明的1阶、二阶、四阶和八阶希尔维斯特(Sylvester)表达式哈达马德矩阵。
图10以数学表达式用行标号数的行表示本发明的四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德表达式。
图11表示本发明的十六阶行互换检查表。
图12以数学表达式表示本发明的四阶行互换检查表、四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵和利用四阶行互换检查表从四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵产生的二阶到四阶哈达马德矩阵。
图13以数学表达式表示本发明的包括十六个哈达马德矩阵的四阶哈达马德矩阵的四阶最佳抗相关组。
图14原理上说明本发明的显示系统。
图15说明应用本发明的优选漫射器的显示光学系统的平面视图。
图16说明应用本发明的优选漫射器的显示光学系统的纵剖面视图。
图17A和图17B说明本发明的优选漫射器。
图17C原理上说明本发明的优选漫射器表面的一部分。
图17D说明本发明的优选漫射器的第一漫射器相格。
图18原理上说明本发明的另一个漫射器表面的部分。
图19说明本发明的二进相位步长表面和逐渐过渡相位步长表面。
优选实施例的详细说明
本发明优选实施例是利用本发明优选漫射器的显示系统。为了解释本发明的基本概念,在介绍显示装置和优选漫射器之前介绍本发明的第一备选实施例。
图3中说明本发明的第一备选实施例。第一备选实施例20包括激光源21、发散透镜22、准直透镜23、第一备选漫射器24、第一电子线路26和凸透镜27。第一电子线路26与第一备选漫射器24电耦合。较可取地,激光源21经发散透镜22和准直透镜23与第一备选漫射器24光耦合。激光源21发射激光照射28。激光照射28由发散透镜22扩展,由准直透镜23准直,在第一备选漫射器24处成像,又投影到漫射表面30上产生激光照射区32。于是,在第一备选漫射器24有第一图像平面,而在漫射表面30处有第二图像平面。最好由人眼34观察激光照射区32。替换地和较一般地,由具有强度探测器的光学系统观察该激光照射区32。
第一备选漫射器24的相位产生表面将激光照射区32分成相格,又将相格细分成许多相格间隔。第一电子线路26驱动第一备选漫射器24,在眼睛34的积分时间内将时间相位变化加到相格间隔上。时间相位变化减少眼睛34探测到的斑纹。眼睛34将激光照射区32析解成析点。较可取地,相格尺寸不大于大约析点尺寸。另一方面,相格尺寸大于析点尺寸,但这导致不大有效的斑纹减少。
时间相位变化最好包括一些时间步长,这里许多时间步长对应于每个相格的相格间隔数目。于是,如果每个相格有四个相格间隔,时间相位变化最好发生在四个时间步长上。另一方面,时间步长数目小于相格间隔数目,但这导致不大有效的斑纹减少。较可取地,时间步长具有大致相等的持续时间。另一方面,时间步长不具有相等的持续时间,但这也导致不大有效的斑纹减少。
较可取地,每个相格的相格间隔数目包括第一和第二相格间隔,最好它们分别具有零和π弧度相对相位。对于第一时间步长,特定相格的第一和第二相格间隔包括第一相格图样。在第一时间步长末,部分地重新安排特定相格的第一和第二相格间隔以产生满足抗相关条件的第二相格图样。对于第二时间步长,第一和第二相格间隔包括第二相格图样。
对于接着的时间步长这种情况继续。对于接着的时间步长,特定相格的第一和第二相格间隔包括接着的相格图样。在接着的时间步长之间,部分地重新安排特定相格的第一和第二相格间隔以产生满足抗相关条件的下一个相格图样。最后,重新安排第一和第二相格间隔到第一相格图样,并且时间相位变化再经过第一、第二和接着的时间步长继续进行。
通过在时间步长之间重安排相格间隔,该特定相格的相格间隔的时间相位变化完成在该特定相格内的空间相位变化。换句话说,时间相位变化包括用对应时间步长数目的相格图样数目的方式来安排第一和第二相格间隔。进而每个相格图样都产生一个斑纹图样,这个斑纹图样与由其余相格图样产生的斑纹图样不相关。这就产生了对应相格图样数目的许多不相关斑纹图样。因此,对于大致相等持续时间的时间步长,相格图样数目按相格图样数平方根的斑纹减少倍数减少斑纹。
当时间步长数目对应于相格间隔数目时,相格图样数目也对应于相格间隔数目。在这种情形中,相格图样数目被称为最佳抗相关组。仍在这种情形中,不相关斑纹图样数目导致最佳斑纹减少。这是因为,对于分成相格间隔数目的特定相格,按时间步长数平方根减少斑纹只占与相格间隔数目对应的时间步长数目。于是,以最小数目的时间步长来实现最佳斑纹减少,并且,因为以最小数目的时间步长来实现它,所以它是最佳的。
用图4A说明本发明的第一备选漫射器24。第一备选漫射器24最好由光学透明材料组成。透明材料与相位产生表面36和漫射器的运动机构组合产生时间相位变化。替换地,第一备选漫射器24用包含反射材料的本发明的第二备选漫射器代替。反射材料与替换的相位产生表面和漫射器的运动机构组合产生时间相位变化。再替换地,第一备选漫射器24用包含光电器件的本发明的第三备选漫射器代替。光电器件,例如液晶调制器,其光电产生时间相位变化。
较可取地,第一备选漫射器24的漫射器的运动机构包括顺序加上的第一到第四运动机构40-43,以便产生总曝光时间。较可取地,按步骤加上第一到第四运动机构40-43,每个步骤发生在一个曝光时间之后。替换地,按连续运动加上的第一到第四运动机构40-43,每个连续运动在曝光时间上发生。较可取地,总曝光时间大约为典型的眼睛34的积分时间(约50毫秒)。替换地,典型的积分时间是总曝光时间的整数倍。再替换地,总曝光时间只是小于典型的积分时间。
用图4B说明第一备选漫射器24的一部分。第一备选漫射器24的这部分包括与激光照射区32的第一到第四相格对应的第一到第四漫射器相格44-47。第一到第四漫射器相格44-47被复制产生第一相位产生表面36。第一到第四漫射器相格44-47中的每一个最好包括具有漫射器相格宽度48的相位产生表面36的一个正方区。较可取地,第一到第四运动机构40-43的运动距离对应于漫射器相格宽度48。
较可取地,第一相位产生表面36包括一个第一到第四漫射器相格44-47的二维阵列。第一到第四漫射器相格44-47中的每一个最好包括第一平面表面50和第二平面表面52。第一和第二平面表面之间的高度差h包括产生π弧度相对相位的光程差。高度差由h=λ/[2(n-1)]给出,其中,λ是光波长,n是第一备选漫射器24的光学透明材料的折射系数。
第一到第四漫射器相格44-47包括第一到第四漫射器相格间隔。用第一到第四哈达马德矩阵数学上描绘第一到第四漫射器相格间隔。在图5A-5D上分别数学上表示本发明的第一到第四哈达马德矩阵。第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A是二阶哈达马德矩阵,包括本发明的二阶最佳抗相关组。
以发现哈达马德矩阵的Jacques-Salomon Hadamard(1865-1963)命名的n阶哈达马德矩阵(Hn)是矩阵元1和-1的正方矩阵。当n阶哈达马德矩阵乘以哈达马德矩阵的转置矩阵(Hn T)时给出n倍n阶单位矩阵(In):
哈达马德矩阵对于1、4和4的倍数的n阶存在。n阶哈达马德矩阵(Hn)具有n二个矩阵元。例如,阶数2的哈达马德矩阵具有四个矩阵元。
第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A中的每一个都包括具有第一到第四矩阵元的一个二阶矩阵。第一哈达马德矩阵44A具有等于1的第一到第三矩阵元H11,H12和H21,以及等于-1的第四矩阵元H22。较可取地,第一哈达马德矩阵44A的第一到第三矩阵元H11,H12和H21对应零相移,而第四矩阵元H22对应π弧度相移。换过来,第一到第三矩阵元H11,H12和H21对应π弧度相移,而第四矩阵元H22对应零相移。
第二哈达马德矩阵45A由交换第一哈达马德矩阵44A的第一和第二行形成。第三哈达马德矩阵46A由交换第一哈达马德矩阵44A的第一和第二列形成。第四哈达马德矩阵47A由交换第二哈达马德矩阵45A的第一和第二列形成。
用图6原理上说明本发明分成四个相格间隔的特定相格的幅度分布。由眼睛34(未示出)探测的幅度分布58包括第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22。因为眼睛34是一种类型的强度探测器,所以眼睛34探测不到第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22。而是,眼睛34探测到原始强度(S0)。原始强度(S0)由幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的第一和的第一平方给出:
S0=|A11+A12+A21+A22|2
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
+2A11A12+2A11A21+2A11A22
+2A12A21+2A12A22+2A21A22
项2A11A12,2A11A21,2A11A22,2A12A21,2A12A22和2A21A22是交叉项。根据第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22和根据第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的相位,交叉项可能造成使眼睛34探测到斑纹的为暗光点、中等亮度光点或明亮光点的特定相格。
对本专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22较准确地被分别描写为幅度和相位的组合|A11|eiφ11,|A12|iφ12,|A21|iφ21,|A22|iφ22。另外,对本专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,用复数数学项较准确地写原始强度S0的交叉项使得,例如,较准确地描写2A11A12为A11 *A12+A11A12 *。此外,对本专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,忽略复数数学项只简化本讨论,而不降低本讨论的有效性。
用图7A用示意图说明第一哈达马德矩阵4 4A对本发明的第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用。在移动第四幅度A22的相位π弧度如此将第四幅度A22变换到负的第四幅度-A22的同时,第一哈达马德矩阵44A对第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用保持第一到第三幅度A11,A12,A21,的相位。眼睛34现在探测到如下的第一强度(S1):
S1=|A11+A12+A21-A22|2
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
+2A11A12+2A11A21-2A11A22
+2A12A21-2A12A22-2A21A22
用图7B用示意图说明第二哈达马德矩阵45A对本发明的第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用。在移动第二幅度A12的相位π弧度如此将第二幅度A12变换到负的第二幅度-A12的同时,第二哈达马德矩阵45A对第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用保持第一、第三和第四幅度A11,A21,和A22的相位。眼睛34现在探测到如下的第二强度(S2):
S2=|A11-A12+A21+A22|2
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
-2A11A12+2A11A21+2A11A22
-2A12A21-2A12A22+2A21A22
用图7C示意地说明第三哈达马德矩阵46A对本发明的第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用。在移动第三幅度A21的相位π弧度如此将第三幅度A21变换到负的第三幅度-A21的同时,第三哈达马德矩阵46A对第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用保持第一、第二和第四幅度A11,A12,和A22的相位。眼睛34现在探测到如下的第三强度(S3):
S3=|A11+A12-A21+A22|2
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
+2A11A12-2A11A21+2A11A22
-2A12A21+2A12A22-2A21A22
用图7D示意地说明第四哈达马德矩阵47A对本发明的第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用。在移动第一幅度A11的相位π弧度如此将第一幅度A11变换到负的第一幅度-A11的同时,第四哈达马德矩阵47A对第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的作用保持第二到第四幅度A12,A21,A22的相位。眼睛34现在探测到如下的第四强度(S4):
S4=|-A11+A12+A21+A22|2
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
-2A11A12-2A11A21-2A11A22
+2A12A21+2A12A22+2A21A22
通过在眼睛34的积分时间内对于大致相等的持续时间将第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A的二阶最佳抗相关组作用到幅度分布58上,眼睛34平均第一到第四强度S1-S4产生如下相位变化的强度S5:
S5=1/4(S1+S2+S3+S4)
=|A11|2+|A12|2+|A21|2+|A22|2
通过在眼睛34的积分时间内将第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A作用到相格的幅度分布58上,第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的第一和的第1平方的不变强度S0成为第一到第四幅度A11,A12,A21,A22的第二平方的第二和的相位变化强度S5。原始强度S0和相位变化强度S5的比较表明,第一到第四哈达马德矩阵从原始强度S0消除了2A11A12,2A11A21,2A11A22,2A12A21,2A12A22和2A21A22的交叉项。交叉项势必不是产生亮光点就是产生暗光点。因此,消除交叉项势必产生较中等亮度的光点,这就提供了斑纹的减少。
第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A中的每一个对原始强度S0和相位变化强度S5之间的交叉项的消除做出贡献。于是,对于分成四个相格间隔的特定相格,抗相关条件成为第一到第四幅度A11、A12,A21、A22的相对相位的部分重新安排,提供了交叉项上的减少而没有平方上的减少。
抗相关的较一般表述遵从:首先,考虑分成整数数目的相格间隔的一般相格。其次,考虑整数数目的相格间隔的第一和第二相格图样,其中第一相格图样幅度的相对相位被部分地重新安排形成第二相格图样。然后,如果第一和第二相格图样中的每一个提供结果强度的交叉项减少而没有由每个相格间隔单独提供的强度减少,第一和第二相格图样满足抗相关条件。
较可取地,作用第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A的时间段是积分时间。替换地,在该时间段上作用第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A使得积分时间是时间段的整数倍。对于等于积分时间的时间段和等于整数倍的时间段的积分时间段,理论上消除交叉项。这种情况对于第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A产生理论的最佳
的斑纹减少,因为第一到第四哈达马德矩阵44A-47A产生四个不相关斑纹图样。
再替换地,但有稍微小的有效性,时间段不如此保持以致积分时间是时间段的整数倍。如果时间段不如此保持以致积分时间是时间段的整数倍,并且时间段是在积分时间的量级上,交叉项将只部分地取消。
所以,第一备选实施例20(图3)的第一备选漫射器24势必把眼睛34探测到的斑纹从第一到第四幅度A11、A12、A21、A22的第一和的第一平方减少到第一到第四幅度A11、A12、A21、A22的第二平方的第二和。
对专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,通过在眼睛34的积分时间内作用n阶哈达马德矩阵的n阶抗相关组以产生n的第二最佳斑纹减少,这里n是包括{4、8、12、...}的组的元,会进一步减少斑纹。
n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法如图8中的方框图所说明。这里的n是从包括{4、8、16、...}的组中选出的。n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法60包括第一、第二、第三、第四和第五方法步骤62、64、66、68和70。
在第一方法步骤62中,最好利用希尔维斯特表达式产生第一n阶哈达马德矩阵。希尔维斯特表达式以等于1的1阶哈达马德矩阵H(1)开始,等于1的1阶哈达马德矩阵称为1阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵:H(1)=1。希尔维斯特表达式将第一递归关系作用到m阶希尔维斯特表达式矩阵H(m)上,产生两倍先前阶的希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵H(2m),直到达到n阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵为止。当2m等于n时产生n阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵。第一递归关系遵从:
图9表示本发明的第一、2、4和八阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵82、84、86和88。
在第二方法步骤64中,从顶到底按{1、2、...、n}的组给出的行指标i数的n阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵的行。图10表示按行指标i数的第四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵84。
在第三方法步骤66中,产生一个行互换检查表。通过应用第二递归关系到先前行互换检查表T(m)来产生该行互换检查表,以便产生下一个行互换检查表T(2m)。第二递归关系遵从:
通过应用第二递归关系直到2m等于n为止,产生n阶行互换检查表。图11表示一个十六阶行互换检查表90。这个十六阶行互换检查表90包含一个八阶行互换检查表92,这个八阶行互换检查表92又包含一个四阶行互换检查表94。这个四阶行互换检查表94又包含一个二阶行互换检查表96。
在第四方法步骤68中,按照n阶行互换检查表互换n阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵的行,以便产生n哈达马德矩阵。图12表示四阶行互换检查表94,四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86,以及通过对四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86应用行检查表而产生的第二、第三和第四哈达马德矩阵104、106和108。第一行互换101表示,不互换四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86产生第一哈达马德矩阵102。用第二行互换103互换四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86产生第二哈达马德矩阵104。用第三行互换105互换四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86产生第三哈达马德矩阵106。用第四行互换107互换四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86产生第三哈达马德矩阵108。于是,是第一哈达马德矩阵102和第二、第三和第四哈达马德矩阵104、106和108的四阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵86组成四个哈达马德矩阵组。
在第五方法步骤70中,以循环方式交换n个哈达马德矩阵中的每一个的列产生n二个哈达马德矩阵,组成对于n阶哈达马德矩阵的最佳抗相关组。图13表示循环交换第一到第四哈达马德矩阵102..108产生是四阶最佳相关组的十六个哈达马德矩阵110。通过移动第一到第四哈达马德矩阵102..108的左列到第一到第四哈达马德矩阵右列的右边产生第五到第8哈达马德矩阵112..118。从第五到第8哈达马德矩阵112..118同样地产生第9到第一2哈达马德矩阵122..128。从第9到第一2哈达马德矩阵122..128同样地产生第一3到第一6哈达马德矩阵132..138,这就完成了十六个哈达马德矩阵110。
n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法60产生n阶最佳抗相关组。可以用另一种方法产生其它最佳抗相关组。例如,通过以n阶哈达马德矩阵负的希尔维斯特表达式开始,利用n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法60的第二到第五方法步骤64..70,将产生第一替换的n阶最佳抗相关组。
通过应用二个试验可以证明,十六个哈达马德矩阵110满足抗相关条件。第一个试验,从十六个哈达马德矩阵110中的每一个中求特定项的平方,例如第四行/第三列项,以及求平方之和,给出一个16的值。这对应于相位变化强度的幅度平方之一。第二个试验,从十六个哈达马德矩阵110中的每1个中取二个不同项之积,例如第三行/第二列项和第二行/第四列项,以及求积之和,给出一个0的值。这对应于交叉项之一。
如果第一个和第二个试验应用到十六个哈达马德矩阵的十六个项上,将发现,所有的平方求和到16以及所有的二个不同项之积求和到0。于是,十六个哈达马德矩阵110各个都满足抗相关条件,因为十六个哈达马德矩阵110中的每一个都提供交叉项的减少,而不影响各项平方之和。
如本说明之初指出的,本发明的优选实施例是本发明的显示系统。用图14示意地说明本发明的显示系统。显示系统140包括显示光学系统142和显示电子线路144。显示光学系统142包括激光146、照射光学部件148、格栅光阀150、条纹光学部件152、本发明的优选漫射器154、投影及扫描光学部件156和显示屏158。显示电子线路144与激光源146、格栅光阀150、优选漫射器154和投影及扫描光学部件156连接。
显示电子线路144给激光146加电。激光146发射激光照射。照射光学部件148将激光照射聚焦到格栅光阀150上。最好将格栅光阀150安置在第一成像平面160中。显示电子线路144控制格栅光阀150。格栅光阀150调制激光照射形成反射光或衍射光。反射光和衍射光形成直线像素阵列。在这处,直线像素阵列将不形成图像。为了形成图像,反射光或衍射光必须从直线像素阵列分离。较可取地,条纹光学部件152将反射光从衍射光分离,允许至少正1和负1衍射序数通过条纹光学部件152。替换地,条纹光学部件152将衍射光从反射光分离,允许反射光通过条纹光学部件152。
条纹光学部件152将直线像素阵列形成为在优选漫射器154处的具有直线图像宽度的直线图像。最好将优选漫射器154安置在第二成像平面162中。优选漫射器154最好将每个像素分成子像素,并将直线像素阵列的子像素的相对相位安排成第一像素图样。在第一像素图样中从零和π弧度选择子像素的相对相位。较可取地,像素和子像素与较早讨论的相格和相格间隔对应。换句话说,像素大于相格。再用另一种方法但具有较小的有效性,像素小于相格。
显示电子线路144驱动投影及扫描光学部件156的扫描镜。投影及扫描光学部件156将直线像素阵列投影到显示屏158上并横跨显示屏158扫描直线像素阵列,在显示屏158上形成二维像素阵列。显示屏158被安置在第三成像平面164中。二维像素阵列如同二维图像对眼睛34(未示出)出现。当格栅光阀150调制直线像素阵列时,投影及扫描光学部件156重复地扫描直线像素阵列以形成变化的二维图像。
通过利用时间相位变化和扫描相位变化,显示系统140减少二维图像中的斑纹。在多个扫描上完成时间相位变化。在每个扫描内完成扫描相位变化。
在时间相位变化中,用眼睛34的积分时间内的多个扫描,投影及扫描光学部件156扫描直线像素阵列。在多个扫描期间,显示电子线路144最好以第一移动155驱动优选漫射器154。第一移动使得优选漫射器154将直线像素阵列的子像素的相对相位重安排成第二像素图样,在第二像素图样中,对于多个扫描中的每个扫描从零和π弧度选择子像素的相对相位。较可取地,在多个扫描结束时,显示电子线路144以反向移动157为下一次的多个扫描驱动优选漫射器154。反向移动157最初经先于最后段移动优选漫射器154,其中优选漫射器应用先于最后像素的图样。反向移动157继续直到达到下一次的多个扫描结束的原始位置为止。替换地,在多个扫描结束时,显示电子线路144以返回移动驱动优选漫射器154。返回移动迅速地将优选漫射器154返回到下一次多个扫描开始前的原来位置。
在扫描相位变化中,当直线像素阵列横跨显示屏158扫描时,优选漫射器154横跨在显示屏158处的直线像素阵列变化相位。当在第一扫描中直线像素阵列横跨显示屏158扫描时,相位与直线像素阵列正交地变化,产生扫描相位变化。当每个直线像素阵列在显示屏158上形成时,扫描相位变化产生第一不相关斑纹图样。第一不相关斑纹图样按扫描斑纹减少降低由眼睛34探测到的斑纹。扫描斑纹减少是题目为“用于减少激光斑纹的方法和装置”的美国专利申请No.09/687,465的主题,其整个地引入这个专利申请作为参考。
在对于一个特定直线像素阵列的第二扫描中,优选漫射器最好已平行于一个像素旁的直线像素阵列移动,以便将直线像素阵列的子像素的相对相位重新安排成第二像素图样。在第二扫描中,当特定直线像素阵列成像到显示屏158时,第二像素图样和扫描斑纹减少产生第二不相关斑纹图样。第二不相关斑纹图样进而减少由眼睛34探测到的斑纹。
在对于特定直线像素阵列的连续扫描中,优选漫射器154最好已移动与另一个像素旁的直线像素阵列平行用于连续扫描每一个。连续扫描中的每一个产生连续像素图样。连续像素图样和扫描斑纹减少产生连续不相关斑纹图样。连续不相关斑纹图样进而减少眼睛34探测到的斑纹。
第一、第二和连续扫描中的每一个占一个扫描时间。总扫描时间是第一、第二和连续扫描的扫描时间之和。当总扫描时间达到眼睛34的积分时间时,通过应用进一步的像素图样得不到进一步的斑纹减少。因此,扫描速度提供可以应用到直线像素阵列的许多像素图样上的限制。
用图15和16进一步说明本发明的显示光学系统142。图15说明显示光学系统142的平面视图。图16说明显示光学系统142的纵剖面视图,显示光学系统142不沿光轴170展开。激光146发射激光照射172。照射光学部件包括发散透镜174、准直透镜176和圆柱透镜178。照射光学部件148将激光照射172聚焦到在具有聚焦宽度的焦线上的格栅光阀150上。注意,图15说明激光照射172用45°入射角照射格栅光阀150。理想地,入射角是在允许反射和衍射光到达条纹光学部件152的同时允许激光照射172照射格栅光阀150的最小入射角。
对专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,可以利用其它光学装置来照射格栅光阀150。对专业技术人员来说也会显而易见的是,本发明中的透镜描述不限于单个部件透镜,可以用组合透镜或反射光学元件代替任何给定的透镜。
格栅光阀150按沿聚焦线的直线像素阵列调制激光照射172,形成反射光R或衍射光,包括对于每个像素的正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1。较可取地,格栅光阀150产生1080个像素的直线阵列。替换地,格栅光阀150产生多于或少于1080个的像素。注意,为说明目的,图16说明对于二个像素的反射光R和正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1。如果将一个给定像素调制到反射光,反射光R将出现,而正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1将不出现。替换地,如果将一个给定像素调制到衍射光,正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1将出现,而反射光R将不出现。在某些情况下,希望调制给定像素产生反射光R和正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1,以便减少结果图像中给定像素的亮度,这就提供了结果图像中的灰度效果。
条纹光学部件152包括位于第一和第二中继透镜182和184之间的条纹光阑180。条纹光阑180阻拦反射光R并允许正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1通过条纹光阑180。最好将条纹光阑180安置在第一变换平面185中。换句话说,将条纹光阑180接近第一变换平面185安置。
第一和第二中继透镜182和184成像直线像素阵列为第二图像平面162中的直线图像。第二图像平面162最好在优选漫射器154内。替换地,第二图像平面162接近优选漫射器154。暗和亮像素组成直线图像。暗像素对应于在被调制提供反射光R的格栅光阀150处的像素。亮像素对应于在被调制提供衍射光的格栅光阀150处的像素。衍射光包含正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1。
优选漫射器154产生对于第一、第二和连续扫描每一个的扫描相位变化,并产生在多个扫描上的时间相位变化。这种情况产生第一不相关斑纹图样、第二不相关斑纹图样和连续不相关斑纹图样。较可取地,优选漫射器154包括矩形优选漫射器相格阵列。较可取地,优选漫射器相格包括对子像素引起零和π弧度相对相位的第一和第二光程长。较可取地,以八个优选漫射器相格的直线单元来安排优选漫射器相格。较可取地,安排直线单元与直线像素阵列平行。
较可取地,按八阶哈达马德矩阵安排优选漫射器相格的第一和第二光程长,其中,正1元对应零相移,负1元对应π弧度相移。较可取地,八个优选漫射器相格对应于由n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法60(图8)的第一、第二、第三和第四步骤62、64、66和68产生的八个抗相关哈达马德矩阵。
替换地,选取八个抗相关哈达马德矩阵组成用第五方法步骤70(图8)完成的6四个第八阶哈达马德矩阵的第八阶最佳抗相关组。如果从6四个八阶哈达马德矩阵选取八个抗相关哈达马德矩阵,重要的是,不选取二个互相循环交换的第八阶哈达马德矩阵。这是因为,当特定直线像素阵列形成在显示屏158上时,扫描相位变化实行循环交换。
投影及扫描光学部件156包括凸透镜186和扫描镜188。凸透镜186经扫描镜188将直线图像190投影到显示屏158上。最好将扫描镜188安置大约在第二变换平面194处。扫描镜188以第一扫描移动A移动,从而以第二扫描移动B横跨显示屏158扫描直线图像190。较可取地,第一扫描移动A是锯齿形扫描移动。其中,扫描周期的第一部分照射显示屏158,扫描周期的第二部分将扫描镜188返回到扫描周期的开始。通过横跨显示屏158重复扫描直线图像190,在显示屏158上形成二维图像。
对本专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,可以利用其它扫描移动横跨显示屏158扫描直线图像190。对本专业技术人员来说也会显而易见的是,如具有零光功率的目标扫描器这样的透射扫描装置可以代替扫描镜188。
如直线图像190横跨显示屏158扫描那样,格栅光阀150调制直线像素阵列,如此产生由二维像素阵列组成的二维图像。对于高清晰度电视(HDTV)格式,当直线图像190横跨显示屏158扫描时,格栅光阀150调制1920次。于是,格栅光阀150最好产生1920×1080矩形阵列,形成HDTV格式的二维图像。对于其它图像格式,当直线图像190横跨显示屏158扫描时,格栅光阀150调制多于或少于1920次,根据其它图像格式的哪一个在被显示而不同。
较可取地,以正弦移动移动优选漫射器154。正弦移动的第一半周期对应于第一移动155,而正弦移动的第二半周期对应于反向移动157。虽然正弦移动不在准确相等的持续时间作用八个像素图样,然而对实施容易这是优选的。为了执行正弦移动,简单的谐波振荡器将足够。替换地,以锯齿形运动移动优选漫射器154。尽管可以利用锯齿形移动在几乎准确相等的持续时间作用八个像素图样,但是,因为它比正弦移动执行复杂,所以它是不大优选的。
图14、15和16描写的显示光学系统142产生单色图像。彩色显示光学系统包括显示光学系统142、二个另外的激光、二个另外的照射光学部件、二个另外的格栅光阀和分色滤光组。在彩色显示光学系统中,红、绿和蓝激光照射3个格栅光阀,产生红、绿和蓝直线像素阵列。分色滤光组从3个格栅光阀组合反射和衍射光,并将反射和衍射光导向条纹光学部件152。换句话说,在彩色显示光学系统中,分色滤光组组合红、绿和蓝激光照射顺序地照射单个格栅光阀。
在彩色显示光学系统中,优选漫射器154对于红、绿和蓝直线像素阵列中的每一个产生第一、第二和连续不相关斑纹图样。由于每个激光照射具有特定光波长是对红、绿和蓝激光照射固有的,所以将光程变化加到红、绿和蓝直线像素阵列中的一个上产生π相移导致不等于π相移的红、绿和蓝直线像素阵列中的其它二个的相移。于是,实际上较可取的是,对产生最多斑纹光波长配置优选漫射器154。替换地,对绿直线像素阵列为引起π相移而配置优选漫射器154,因为绿激光照射具有红和蓝激光照射波长之间的波长。
用图17A和17B进一步说明优选漫射器154。优选漫射器154包括具有宽度206、高度208和厚度209的透射漫射器,漫射器表面210,以及对中表面211。较可取地,宽度206为10mm,高度208为35mm,以及厚度209为1mm。这样情况提供方便的控制1080个像素的27.5mm直线图像的尺寸和冗余,在优选漫射器154处每个像素大约25.5μm。替换地,宽度206、高度208和厚度209是不同尺寸的,这些尺寸对于在优选漫射器154处的直线图像是足够的。
最好将优选漫射器154的宽度206分成漫射器表面210和对中表面211。漫射器表面210最好包括宽度206的8mm,而对中表面211最好包括宽度206的2mm。对中表面211具有不变的厚度,并在显示光学系统142(图14、15和16)的对中期间使用。
漫射器表面210最好包括与高度208平行安排的八个优选漫射器相格的直线单元的重复图样。八个优选漫射器相格的直线单元对应于八个抗相关哈达马德矩阵。图17C示意地说明单个八个漫射器相格的单元212。其中,白区214表示具有零相对相移相格间隔,而黑区216表示具有π弧度相移的相格间隔。第一漫射器相格218对应于一个八阶希尔维斯特表达式哈达马德矩阵。第二到第8漫射器相格219-225对应于在n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法60(图8)的第四方法步骤68中产生的哈达马德矩阵。较可取地,第一到第8漫射器相格是24μm的正方形。替换地,漫射器相格是到25.5μm的正方形。再替换地,漫射器相格小于24μm的正方形。
用图17D进一步说明第一漫射器相格218。第一漫射器相格218包括对应于白区和黑区214和216(图17C)的第一和第二平面214A和216A。
优选漫射器154的备选漫射器表面包括对应于6四个抗相关哈达马德矩阵的6四个漫射器相格的正方形单元的重复图样。6四个抗相关哈达马德矩阵组成一个八阶最佳抗相关组。图18示意地说明单个6四个漫射器相格单元218,其中,白区214表示具有零相对相移的相格间隔,而黑区216表示具有π弧度相移的相格间隔。
最好通过将光刻图样蚀刻到具有1.46的折射系数n的熔融石英中来制造优选漫射器154。对于这个折射系数和532nm的激光照射,第一和第二表面214A和216A之间的高度差最好为575nm。较可取地,优选漫射器154包括抗反射涂层。优选的抗反射涂层是400-700nmBBAR(宽带抗反射)涂层。
为评定优选漫射器154进行一系列试验。先前的试验确定,没有扫描和没有利用优选漫射器154投影到显示屏上的直线照射造成60%到65%范围内的斑纹对比度。在第一个试验中,没有利用优选漫射器154将直线照射投影到显示屏上并横跨显示屏扫描。第一个试验表明,斑纹对比度减少到38%。因此,先前的试验和第一个试验表明,直线照射的扫描按1.6到1.7范围内的斑纹减少倍数减少斑纹。
在第二个试验中,将直线照射投影到显示屏上并横跨显示屏扫描,并且利用了优选漫射器,但没有漫射器移动。第二个试验表明,斑纹对比度减少到18%。在第三个试验中,将直线照射投影到显示屏上并横跨显示屏扫描,并且利用了优选漫射器,有漫射器移动。第三个试验表明,斑纹对比度减少到8.5%。因此,第一个试验和第三个试验表明,优选漫射器154的存在和移动按4.5的斑纹减少倍数减少斑纹。
重要的是要认识到,第一个试验和第三个试验表明的4.5的斑纹减少倍数不提供漫射器斑纹减少。这是因为,在扫描斑纹减少和漫射器斑纹减少之间有相关。换句话说,由直线照射的扫描产生的不相关斑纹图样也由优选漫射器154产生。因此,通过先前的试验与第三个试验比较来表明漫射器斑纹减少。注意先前的试验和第三个试验表明,优选漫射器154按7.1到7.6范围内的斑纹减少倍数减少斑纹,这接近
的理论斑纹减少。
本发明的第一备选显示光学系统利用直线阵列反射光阀。参照图15和16,这样的系统会用直线阵列反射光阀代替格栅光阀150和不使用条纹光阑180。在第一备选显示光学系统中,通过将激光照射反射离开第一中继透镜182,特定的反射光阀产生暗像素。在第一备选显示光学系统中,通过将激光照射反射到第一中继透镜182,特定的反射光阀产生亮像素。
本发明的第二备选显示光学系统利用直线阵列透射光阀。参照图15和16,这样的系统会用直线阵列透射光阀代替格栅光阀150和不使用条纹光阑180。在第二备选显示光学系统中,通过将激光照射不透射到第一中继透镜182,特定的透射光阀产生暗像素。在第二备选显示光学系统中,通过将激光照射透射到第一中继透镜182,特定的反射光阀产生亮像素。
本发明的第三备选显示光学系统用反射条纹光学系统替代条纹光学系统。反射条纹光学系统最好利用奥夫勒(Offner)中继。奥夫勒中继包括一个凹面镜和一个凸面镜。凸面镜包含一个矩形缝。反射光R和衍射光,包括正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1,从凹面镜反射到凸面镜。反射光R通过矩形缝。正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1从凸面镜返回到凹面镜。接着,凹面镜反射正1和负1衍射序数D+1和D-1到波前调制器154。
本发明的第四备选显示光学系统包括形成二维图像的激光光点光栅扫描。其中,第四备选漫射器将激光光点分成子像素,并在相继扫描之间将时间相位变化加到子像素上。
本发明的第五备选显示光学系统包括二维阵列光调制器。该调制器调制激光照射产生包括二维像素阵列的二维图像。在第五备选显示光学系统中,第五备选漫射器将二维像素阵列中的每个像素分成子像素,将时间相位变化加到每个像素的子像素上。
本发明的第六备选漫射器利用逐渐过渡相位步长,而不是二进相位步长。用图19说明二进相位步长和逐渐过渡相位步长。二进相位步长240从第一表面242突然过渡到第二表面244,而逐渐过渡相位步长246从第三表面248逐渐过渡到第四表面250。通过利用逐渐过渡相位步长,减少较高序数衍射,这增加了光通过量。
虽然本发明的优选实施例是显示系统140(图14),但本发明也适于在其它激光照射照射漫射器表面的应用中减少斑纹。其它应用包括相干成像、相干显微术、相干层析X射线摄影法、相干遥感和激光为基础的半导体晶片检验。
另外,虽然已用正方形相格和正方形相格间隔介绍了本发明,但本发明也包括非正方形相格和非正方形相格间隔
对本专业技术人员来说会显而易见的是,不偏离如所附权利要求明确说明的本发明的精神和范围,可以对优选实施例进行其它各种各样的修改。
Claims (41)
1.一种减少斑纹的方法,包括:
a.将激光照射区分成相格;
b.将该相格细分成许多相格间隔;以及
c.在观察该激光照射区的强度探测器的积分时间内,将时间相位变化加到相格间隔上。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中,每个相格包括四个相格间隔。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中,将相格分成相格间隔的步骤施加零的第一相对相位到第一,第二和第三相格间隔上以及施加π弧度的第二相对相位到第四相格间隔上。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中,施加时间相位变化到相格间隔上的步骤包括在第三和第四相格间隔之间,然后在第二和第三相格间隔之间以及然后在第一和第二相格间隔之间循环交换第一和第二相对相位。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中,每个相格包括4的整数倍平方个相格间隔。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中,将相格细分成相格间隔的步骤包括以第一哈达马德矩阵图样安排相格间隔。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中,第一哈达马德矩阵图样包括第一和第二相格间隔,第一和第二相格间隔分别施加零和π弧度的第一和第二相对相位变化到激光照射区上。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中,施加时间相位变化的步骤包括以第二哈达马德矩阵图样安排相格间隔。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中,第一和第二哈达马德矩阵图样对应于第一和第二哈达马德矩阵,又其中,第一和第二哈达马德矩阵满足抗相关条件。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中,施加时间相位变化的步骤还包括以对应于另外哈达马德矩阵的另外哈达马德矩阵图样安排相格间隔,使得第一、第二和另外哈达马德矩阵组成最佳抗相关组。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中,利用n阶最佳抗相关组产生方法确定第一,第二和另外哈达马德矩阵的最佳抗相关组,该方法包括步骤:
a.产生n阶哈达马德矩阵的希尔维斯特表达式;
b.按行指标数行;
c.产生n阶行互换检查表;
d.利用n阶行互换检查表互换n阶哈达马德矩阵的行产生n个哈达马德矩阵;以及
e.以循环方式互换n个哈达马德矩阵的列产生n二个哈达马德矩阵。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中,强度探测器将激光照射区析解成析点,又其中,析点包括至少约相格尺寸的尺寸。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中,观察激光照射区的强度探测器探测到接近相格间隔数的平方根的斑纹减少。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中,接近相格间隔数的平方根的斑纹减少的测量考虑同时利用的其它相关斑纹减少方法。
15.一种用于在显示屏上显示二维图像的装置,它包括:
a.配置一种光调制器,使得工作中激光照射照射光调制器并又使得工作中该光调制器调制激光照射形成像素阵列;
b.第一光学装置,与光调制器光耦合并如此被配置使得工作中该第一光学装置将像素阵列成像在第一图像平面中;
c.一个漫射器,安置约在第一图像平面处使得工作中该漫射器将像素阵列的每个像素分成若干子像素和施加时间相位变化到每个像素的子像素上;以及
d.第二光学装置,与漫射器光耦合,该第二光学装置如此被配置,使得工作中该第二光学装置将像素阵列投影到显示屏上产生二维图像。
16.权利要求15的装置,其中,像素阵列包括二维像素阵列。
17.权利要求15的装置,其中,像素阵列包括直线像素阵列。
18.权利要求17的装置,其中,光调制器包括衍射光调制器。
19.权利要求18的装置,其中,衍射光调制器包括格栅光阀。
20.权利要求17的装置,其中,第二光学装置包括凸透镜和扫描装置使得凸透镜将直线像素阵列投影到显示屏上进而使得扫描装置在显示屏上扫描直线像素阵列以产生二维图像。
21.权利要求15的装置,其中,漫射器包括漫射器相格,又其中,漫射器相格包括相格间隔。
22.权利要求21的装置,其中,漫射器相格间隔分别引起零和π弧度的第一和第二相对相位变化。
23.权利要求21的装置,其中,每个漫射器相格的相格间隔包括正方矩阵的相格间隔,该正方矩阵包括在其中第一矩阵元施加零的第一相对相位和第二矩阵元施加π弧度的第二相对相位的哈达马德矩阵。
24.权利要求15的装置,其中,像素阵列包括单个像素,又其中,光栅扫描由该单个像素在显示屏上形成二维图像。
25.权利要求15的装置,其中,漫射器减少二维图像中观察到的斑纹。
26.权利要求25的装置,其中,漫射器按接近子像素数的平方根的斑纹减少减少斑纹。
27.权利要求26的装置,其中,斑纹减少的测量考虑同时利用的其它相关斑纹减少方法。
28.一种用于减少当强度探测器观察激光照射区时由强度探测器观测到的斑纹的装置,它包括:
a.一种与激光照射光耦合的漫射器,该漫射器将由强度探测器观测到的析点分成若干子析点,子析点数包括至少四个的子析点;以及
b.用于施加时间相位变化到每个析点的子析点上的装置。
29.权利要求28的装置,其中,强度探测器探测到接近子析点数的平方根的斑纹减少。
30.权利要求29的装置,其中,斑纹减少的测量考虑同时利用的其它相关斑纹减少方法。
31.一种用于减少当强度探测器观察激光照射区时由强度探测器观测到的斑纹的装置,它包括:
a.用于将由强度探测器观测到的析点分成若干子析点的装置,子析点数包括至少四个的子析点;以及
b.用于施加时间相位变化到由强度探测器观测到的子析点上的装置。
32.权利要求31的装置,其中,强度探测器探测到接近子析点数的平方根的斑纹减少。
33.权利要求32的装置,其中,斑纹减少的测量考虑同时利用的其它相关斑纹减少方法。
34.一种用于减少由于激光照射照射表面产生的斑纹的漫射器,其中强度探测器观察该表面,它包括:
a.第一漫射器相格包括为分别引起零和π弧度的第一和第二相对相位而配置的第一和第二相格间隔,以对应于具有至少二阶的矩阵阶的第一哈达马德矩阵的第一哈达马德矩阵图样安排的第一和第二相格间隔;以及
b.第二漫射器相格包括以对应于具有其中第一和第二哈达马德矩阵满足抗相关条件的矩阵阶的第二哈达马德矩阵的第二哈达马德矩阵图样安排的第一和第二相格间隔。
35.权利要求34的漫射器还包括第三漫射器相格,第三漫射器相格包括以对应于具有其中第一,第二和第三哈达马德矩阵满足抗相关条件的矩阵阶的第三哈达马德矩阵的第三哈达马德矩阵图样安排的第一和第二相格间隔。
36.权利要求35的漫射器还包括第四漫射器相格,第四漫射器相格包括以第四哈达马德矩阵图样安排的第一和第二相格间隔,该第四哈达马德矩阵图样对应于具有其中第一,第二,第三和第四哈达马德矩阵满足抗相关条件的矩阵阶的第四哈达马德矩阵。
37.权利要求34的漫射器,其中,该漫射器包括透射漫射器。
38.权利要求34的漫射器,其中,该漫射器包括反射漫射器。
39.权利要求34的漫射器,其中,该漫射器包括光电漫射器。
40.一种用于减少由激光照射照射表面产生的斑纹的漫射器,其中用强度探测器观察该表面,它包括:
a.第一漫射器相格包括第一到第四相格间隔,第一,第二和第三相格间隔是为施加零的第一相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的,第四相格间隔是为施加π弧度的第二相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的;
b.第二漫射器相格包括第一到第四相格间隔,第一,第二和第四相格间隔是为施加第一相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的,第三相格间隔是为施加第二相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的;
c.第三漫射器相格包括第一到第四相格间隔,第一,第三和第四相格间隔是为施加第一相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的,第二相格间隔是为施加第二相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的;
d.第四漫射器相格包括第一到第四相格间隔,第二,第三和第四相格间隔是为施加第一相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的,第一相格间隔是为施加第二相对相位到照射表面的激光照射上而配置的;
41.权利要求40的漫射器,其中,第一到第四漫射器相格包括第一到第四相格间隔的第一到第四哈达马德矩阵图样,又其中,第一到第四哈达马德矩阵图样对应于满足抗相关条件的第一到第四哈达马德矩阵。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1313863C (zh) | 2007-05-02 |
US20040008399A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
EP1425625A4 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
KR20040012971A (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
EP1425625A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
WO2003001281A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
US6747781B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
JP2004534265A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
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