CN1476502A - 单元分布层 - Google Patents
单元分布层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1476502A CN1476502A CNA018193625A CN01819362A CN1476502A CN 1476502 A CN1476502 A CN 1476502A CN A018193625 A CNA018193625 A CN A018193625A CN 01819362 A CN01819362 A CN 01819362A CN 1476502 A CN1476502 A CN 1476502A
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Images
Classifications
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- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/5376—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the performance of the layer, e.g. acquisition rate, distribution time, transfer time
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- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/407—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing absorbing substances, e.g. activated carbon
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维层，其包括交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的精制混合物。在一个实施方案中，所述的层包括约85％重量的交联纤维和约15％重量的非交联纤维。本发明还公开了一种吸附结构，其包括纤维层和液体存储层。本发明进一步公开了包括分布层的个人卫生吸附用品。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种纤维素纤维层用于把收集的液体分布到与之连通的存储层中。
发明背景
个人卫生吸附用品，例如婴儿尿布、成人大小便失禁用品和妇女卫生用品，可以包括液体收集和/或分布层，用于快速收集液体然后把收集到的液体分布到滞留用的储存核芯中。为了达到快速收集和分布，这些层通常包括纤维素纤维。这些层可包括交联的纤维素纤维以使所述层膨大而有弹性，并可包括木纸浆纤维以提高层内液体毛细作用输送并且促进液体在整个层中分布并且最终分布到其它层，譬如与该分布层连通的存储层。然而，尽管这些层有发展，但为了有效分布和向相关存储层中传送收集到的液体，还是存在更有效的液体分布层的需要。本发明寻求满足这样的需要并且提供其它相关优点。
发明内容
一方面，本发明提供一种包括交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的精制混合物的纤维层。在一个实施方案中，所述的层包括约85％重量交联纤维和约15％重量非交联纤维。
本发明的另一个方面，提供一种包括液体分布层和液体存储层的吸附结构。所述分布层包括交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的精制混合物。
其它方面，本发明提供包括所述分布层的个人卫生吸附用品，以及制造所述分布层的方法。
附图简述
结合附图参阅下面的详细说明会很快领会和更好地理解本发明上述方面及许多伴随优点，附图中：
图1是制造本发明的代表性层的代表性双股线成形装置和方法示意图；
图2是制造本发明的代表性层的代表性双股线成形装置和方法示意图；
图3是本发明的代表性层的毛细作用输送时间、干抗拉强度和挺度的图表；
图4是本发明的三个代表性层以时间为函数的流体传送到存储层的比较图。
图5是比较吸附结构的第四涌出收集时间的条线图：对照训练裤；对照裤和本发明的代表层；带有存储核芯的对照裤；和对照裤、本发明的代表层和存储核芯；
图6是比较吸附结构泄漏前的总液体容量的条线图：对照训练裤；对照裤和本发明的代表层；带有存储核芯的对照裤；和对照裤、本发明的代表层和存储核芯；
图7示出训练裤中的液体分布：对照训练裤；对照裤和约90gsm基量(basis weight)的本发明的代表层；对照裤和约180gsm基量的本发明的代表层；
图8示出训练裤中的液体分布：对照训练裤；带有存储核芯的对照裤；对照裤、存储层和约90gsm基量的本发明的代表层；对照裤、存储层和约180gsm基量的本发明的代表层；
图9是比较吸附结构的第三涌出收集时间的条线图：对照训练裤；对照裤和本发明的代表层；带有存储核芯的对照裤；和对照裤、本发明的代表层和存储核芯；
图10是吸附结构以浸渍数量为函数的收集速率的比较图表：对照训练裤；对照裤和本发明的代表层；带有存储核芯的对照裤；和对照裤、本发明的代表层和存储核芯；
图11是比较吸附结构的第四涌出再湿润的条线图：对照训练裤；对照裤和本发明的代表层；带有存储核芯的对照裤；和对照裤、本发明的代表层和存储核芯；
图12A-C示出包括本发明的分布层的代表性吸附结构的部分的横截面图；
图13A-D示出包括本发明的分布层的代表性吸附物品的部分的横截面图。
优选实施方案的详述
一方面，本发明提供一种纤维素纤维层，其把该层收集的液体分布和传送到与之连通的存储层。本发明的纤维素纤维层是可以掺入进个人卫生用品，譬如婴儿尿布、成人大小便失禁用品，或妇女卫生巾等中的分布层。在个人卫生吸附用品中，所述的分布层与一或多个其它的层联合使用。其它层可以包括，例如，用于接收和储存从所述分布层传输来的液体的存储层，或者存储层和收集层。
本发明的布层包括纤维素纤维。纤维素纤维适用地是木纸浆纤维。在一个实施方案中，所述的层包括交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的结合。
所述分布层的交联的纤维素纤维赋与所述层膨大和弹性，并向所述层提供广泛开放的结构用于分布液体。适用的交联的纤维素纤维包括化学上纤维内交联的纤维素纤维，并且说明如下。所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约50％至约90％重量的交联纤维素纤维。在一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约75％至约90％重量的交联纤维素纤维。在另一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约85％重量的交联纤维素纤维。所述层可包括精制的交联纤维。所述层可包括交联和非交联纤维的精制混合物。
分布层的非交联纤维提高该层的液体毛细作用传送性能。适用的非交联的纤维素纤维包括能够进行液体毛细作用输送的木纸浆纤维，并且说明如下。所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约10％至约50％重量的非交联纤维素纤维。在一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约10％至约25％重量的非交联的纤维素纤维。在另一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约15％重量的非交联纤维素纤维。非交联的纤维可以包括软木纤维(例如南松木纤维)和硬木纤维(例如西瓦克(westvaco)硬木纤维或桉木纤维)。
一个实施方案中，所述层包括Weyerhaeuser公司出售的标号NB416的南松木纸浆纤维。另一个实施方案中，所述层包括已被精制的南松木纸浆纤维。其他实施方案中，所述层包括桉木纸浆纤维。另一个实施方案中，所述层包括南松木和桉木纤维的混合物。再一个实施方案中，所述层包括桉木纤维和精制的南松木纤维的混合物。又一个实施方案中，所述层包括南松木和桉木纤维的精制的混合物。
就包括南松木和桉木纤维的混合物的实施方案而言，南松木纤维与桉木纤维的比例可以在约0.5比约1.0到约1.0比约0.5的范围。在一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约8％重量的桉木纤维、约7％重量的南松木纤维，和约85％重量的交联纤维。在另一个实施方案中，所述层包括占层内纤维总重量约8％重量的桉木纤维、约7％重量的精制南松木纤维，和约85％重量的交联纤维。在另一个实施方案中，所述层包括桉木纤维和南松木纤维的精制混合物，该层包括占层内纤维总重量约8％重量的桉木纤维、约7％重量的南松木纤维，和约85％重量的交联纤维。在另一个实施方案中，所述层包括桉木纤维、南松木纤维和交联纤维的精制混合物，该层包括占层内纤维总重量约8％重量的桉木纤维、约7％重量的南松木纤维，和约85％重量的交联纤维。
一个实施方案中，分布层包括约85％重量的交联纤维、约5％至约15％重量的具有约500加拿大标准打浆度的精制南松木纤维，和约0％至约10％重量的南松木纤维。在一个实施方案中，交联纤维、精制的南松木和南松木纤维在层形成前精制成混合物。
另一个实施方案中，分布层包括约85％重量的交联纤维、约3％至约5％重量的硬木纤维，和约10％至约12％重量的南松木纤维。在一个实施方案中，交联纤维、硬木纤维和南松木纤维在层形成前精制成混合物。
一个实施方案中，分布层具有约20到约200g/m2范围的基量。另一个实施方案中，分布层具有50到约180g/m2范围的基量。所述分布层的密度在约0.1至约0.2g/cm3的范围内。
四个代表性分布层的特性汇总在下表1和2中。在表1和2中，未软化的层A包括交联纤维(85％重量的聚丙烯酸交联纤维)和南松木纤维(15％重量的精制纤维，500CSF)的精制混合物；未软化的层B包括交联纤维(80％重量的聚丙烯酸交联纤维)和南松木纤维(20％重量的精制纤维，500CSF)的精制混合物；未软化的层C包括交联纤维(85％重量的DMeDHEU交联纤维，Weyerhaeuser公司出售，标号NHB416)和南松木纤维(15％重量的精制纤维，500CSF)的精制混合物；以及软化(压纹)的层D包括交联纤维(85％重量的DMeDHEU交联纤维)和南松木纤维(15％重量的精制纤维，500CSF)的精制混合物。在本文中使用时，术语“未软化的”指没有受到诸如压延、嫩化或压纹等机械处理的层。表1中所列数据是用TRI型自动孔度计采集的。
表1.代表性分布层的性能特征
| 层 | 环压(g) | MD、CD卷曲硬度SGU/mm | 峰值几何平均抗拉强度(g/cm) | MDP∶MAP*比率 | MDP* | MAP* | MUP* | 表面张力(达因/cm) |
| A | 3405 | 1137,562 | 858.0 | 1.81∶1 | 24.2 | 13.4 | 10.0 | 65.5 |
| B | 1500 | 650,266 | 763.5 | 1.72∶1 | 22.1 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 69.6 |
| C | 1500 | 623,390 | 725.5 | 1.91∶1 | 29.0 | 15.2 | 9.2 | 66.8 |
| D | 900 | 351,163 | 546.5 | 1.98∶1 | 28.5 | 14.4 | 8.1 | 66.8 |
表2.代表性分布层的性能特征
| 层 | 平均O.D基量(gsm) | 平均A.D基量(gsm) | 到15厘米的毛细作用输送时间(秒) | 15分钟的毛细作用输送高度(厘米) | 15分钟后15厘米处毛细作用容量(g/g) | MD、CD抗拉强度(g/cm) | MD、CD伸长率(％) |
| A | 88 | 0.114 | 174 | 21.8 | 8.6 | 1020,696 | 2.6，5.6 |
| B | 52 | 0.117 | 291 | 19.8 | 7.3 | 952,575 | 2.4，4.1 |
| C | 53 | 0.126 | 277 | 19.2 | 7.7 | 899,552 | 2.7，3.8 |
| D | 53 | 0.165 | 326 | 18.6 | 7.5 | 651,442 | 2.8，5.1 |
除了纤维素纤维以外，分布层可以包括湿强剂。适用的湿强剂在下文说明。湿强剂在层内所占的量约5至约20磅/吨纤维。一个实施方案中，湿强剂是聚胺酯-表氯醇树脂，在层内所占量约10磅/吨纤维。
如上所述，本发明的分布层包括交联纤维素纤维。如果需要，可以使用任一种交联剂和交联催化剂以提供要包括在该层中的交联纤维。下面是可用的交联剂和交联催化剂的代表性目录。下文所述的每个专利都以其全文在此专门引作参考。
适用的尿素基交联剂包括取代的尿素，譬如羟甲基化脲、羟甲基化环脲、羟甲基化低级烷基环脲、羟甲基化二羟环脲、二羟环脲，以及低级烷取代的环脲。特异的尿素基交联剂包括二甲基二羟脲(DMDHU，1，3-二甲基-4，5-二羟基-2-咪唑啉酮)、二羟甲基二羟乙烯脲(DMDHEU，1，3-羟甲基-4，5-二羟基-2-咪唑啉酮)、二羟甲基脲(DMU，双[N-羟甲基]脲)、二羟乙烯脲(DHEU，4，5-二羟基-2-咪唑啉酮)、二羟甲基乙烯脲(DMEU，1，3-二羟甲基-2-咪唑啉酮)，以及二甲基二羟乙烯脲(DMeDHEU或DDI，4，5二羟-1，3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮)。
适用的交联剂包括二醛，譬如C2-C8二醛(例如乙二醛)、具有至少一个醛基的C2-C8二醛酸类似物，和这些二醛和二醛酸类似物的低聚物，如美国专利4,822,453；4,888,093；4,889,595；4,889,596；4,889,597和4,898,642中所述。其它适用的二醛交联剂包括在美国专利4,853,086；4,900,324和5,843,061中所述的那些。
其它适用的交联剂包括二醛和尿素基的甲醛加合物。参见例如美国专利3,224,926；3,241,533；3,932,209；4,035,147；3,756,913；4,689,118；4,822,453；3,440,135；4,935,022；3,819,470和3,658,613。
适用的交联剂包括尿素的乙二醛加合物，例如美国专利4,968,774所述，和乙二醛/环脲加合物，如美国专利4,285,690；4,332,586；4,396,391；4,455,416和4,505,712中所述。
其它适用的交联剂包括羧酸交联剂，诸如聚羧酸。聚羧酸交联剂(例如柠檬酸、丙烷三羧酸和丁烷四羧酸)和催化剂说明于美国专利3,526,048；4,820,307；4,936,865；4,975,209和5,221,285。使用含有至少三个羧基的C2-C9聚羧酸(例如柠檬酸和羟基丁二酸)作交联剂说明于美国专利5,137,537；5,183,707；5,190,563；5,562,740和5,873,979。
聚合体聚羧酸也是适用的交联剂。适用的聚合体聚羧酸交联剂说明于美国专利4,391,878；4,420,368；4,431,481；5,049,235；5,160,789；5,442,899；5,698,074；5,496,476；5,496,477；5,728,771；5,705,475和5,981,739。用聚丙烯酸和相关共聚体作交联剂说明于美国专利5,549,791和5,998,511。聚马来酸交联剂说明于美国专利5,998,511。
特别适用的聚羧酸交联剂包括柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、柠康酸、衣康酸、单琥珀酸酒石酸酯、马来酸、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚马来酸、聚甲基乙烯醚-共-马来酸共聚体、聚甲基乙烯醚-共-衣康酸共聚体、丙烯酸共聚体和马来酸共聚体。
其它适用的交联剂说明于美国专利5,225,047；5,366,591；5,556,976和5,536,369。
适用的催化剂可包括酸性盐，譬如氯化铵、硫酸铵、氯化铝、氯化镁、硝酸镁和含磷酸的碱金属盐。在一个实施方案中，交联催化剂是次磷酸钠。
也可以使用交联剂和催化剂的混合物。
用足以影响纤维内交联的量向纤维素纤维中施加交联剂。施加到纤维素纤维中的量可以是纤维总重量的约1％至约10％重量。在一个实施方案中，交联剂的量是纤维总重量的约4％至约6％重量。
除了交联的纤维之外，本发明的分布层还包括非交联的纤维素纤维。适用的纤维素纤维包括本领域内那些专业技术人员公知的那些，并且包括可以形成纤维网或者片的任何纤维或者纤维性混合物。
尽管可以从其它来源取得，纤维素纤维主要源自木纸浆。适用于本发明的木纸浆纤维可以从众所周知的化学工艺得到，譬如牛皮纸浆制法和亚硫酸盐法，后续有或没有漂白。纸浆纤维还可以通过热化学的、化学热机械的方法或者其组合进行处理。优选的纸浆纤维由化学方法制造。可以使用细木浆纤维、回收或者再生木纸浆纤维，以及漂白和未漂白的木纸浆纤维。可以用软木也可以用硬木。木纸浆纤维的选择细节是本领域内那些专业技术人员所公知的。这些纤维许多公司都销售，包括本发明的受让方Weyerhaeuser公司。例如适本发明可用的由南松木制造的适合的纤维素纤维产品可从Weyerhaeuser公司购买，标号为CF416、NF405、PL416、RF516和NB416。
可用在本发明的木纸浆纤维还可以在用前进行预处理。所述的预处理可包括物理处理，譬如蒸汽蒸纤维，或者化学处理。其它预处理包括加入抗菌剂、色素、染料和稠化剂或者软化剂。也可以使用由其它化学药品，譬如热塑性树脂和热固化化树进行预处理的纤维脂。还可以采用预处理的组合。也可以在纤维性产品形成后在后处理工序中进行处理，其例子可以包括使用表面活性剂或者其它对纤维表面化学进行改性的液体，以及掺入抗菌剂、色素、染料和稠化剂或软化剂。
分布层可任选地包括湿强剂，适用的湿强剂包括具有含氮基(例如氨基)的阳离子改性淀粉，譬如新西兰Bridgewater的National Starchand Chemical公司销售的那些淀粉；胶乳；湿强化树脂，譬如聚酰胺-表氯醇树脂(例如德国Wilmington的Hercules公司销售的KYMENE557LX)；以及聚丙烯酰胺树脂(参见例如美国专利3,556,932及美国康涅狄格州斯坦福市的American Cyanamid公司销售的聚丙烯酰胺，商品名为PAREZ 631 NC)；尿素甲醛和三聚氰胺甲醛树脂；和聚乙烯亚胺树脂。对造纸业中所用并且一般适用于本发明的湿强剂树脂的概述可查阅第29期(纽约，1965)纸浆和造纸工业技术协会的TAPPI专著系列登载的“Wet Strength in Paper and Paperboard”。
本发明的另一个方面提供形成分布层的方法。代表性的分布层可以用常规的造纸机形成，包括例如真空圆网抄纸机、长网造纸机，斜网三角长网成形机和双股线机。
所述层可以由包括双股线配置(即双股成形线)的装置和工艺形成。适用于形成本发明的分布层的代表性的成形方法说明在PCT/US99/05997(形成波纹复合物的方法)和PCT/US99/27625(网状吸附复合物)，这两个专利都以其作文在此引作参考。形成所述层的代表性双股线机示于图1中。参见图1，机器200包括双股成形线202和204，所述层的成分沉积于其上。基本上，纤维性浆124引入到机头盒212中，然后在机头盒的出口处沉积到成形线202和204上。真空元件206和208分别把沉积在线202和204上的纤维性浆脱水，以提供部分脱水的纤维网，该网从机器的双股线部分退出，成为部分脱分的纤维网126。纤维网126继续沿线202运行并且继续由另一个真空元件210脱水，以提供湿复合物120，湿复合物120然后由干燥机216干燥，以提供层10。
一个实施方案中，复合物通过使用上述成分的湿铺工艺形成。湿铺法可以在斜网三角长网成形机上进行。另一个实施方案中，复合物通过使用上述成分的泡沫成形法形成。湿铺和泡沫成形工序可以在双股线成形机上进行。
形成本发明的分布层的代表性方法包括以下步骤：
(a)形成含有纤维的水性分散介质的纤维性浆；对于泡沫法，所述的浆是除了纤维外还有表面活性剂的泡沫；
(b)沿第一通道移动第一多孔元件(例如成形线)；
(c)沿第二通道移动第二多孔元件；
(d)把所述浆的第一部分传递到与在第一通道中移动的第一多孔元件接触；
(e)把所述浆的第二部分传递到与在第二通道中移动的第二多孔元件接触；
(f)通过从经过第一和第二多孔元件的浆中抽出液体由浆形成纤维网。
如上所述，泡沫成形法适于在双股线成形机上进行，优选地在竖直的成形机上，并且更优选地在竖直向下流动的双股线成形机上。竖直成形机中，多孔元件的通道基本上是竖直的。
可用于实现本发明方法的代表性竖直向下流动的双股线成形机示于图2中，参见图2，所述的成形机包括竖直的机头盒组件，所述组件具有封闭的第一端(顶端)、封闭的第一和第二侧和内部空间的成形器。成形器的第二端(底端)由移动的第一和第二多孔元件202和204，和成形夹213限定。由成形机的封闭的第一端、封闭的第一和第二侧、和第一和第二多孔元件形成的内部空间包括从成形机第一端伸向第二端的内部结构230。所述内部结构在其一侧形成第一空间232，在其另一侧形成第二空间234。成形机还包括用于向第一空间中输入第一纤维/泡沫浆的供料242和装置243，及用于向第二空间中输入第二纤维/泡沫浆的供料244和装置245，以及用于向内部结构中输入第三材料(例如第一和第二纤维/泡沫浆)的供料246和装置247。在机头盒组件中还包括用于经多孔元件从第一和第二浆中抽出液体/泡沫以形成纤维网的装置(例如吸吮盒206和208)。
在所述方法中，所述的双股线成形机包括用于经所述内部结构输入至少第三材料(例如第一和第二纤维/泡沫浆)的装置。所述第一和第二纤维/泡沫浆可包括相同的成分(例如交联的纤维素纤维、南松木纤维、桉木纤维)，并且有相同的组成。
取决于要形成的复合物的性质，第一和第二纤维/泡沫浆可以是彼此相同的或彼此不同的，并且与第三材料可以是相同或不同的。
用于经多孔元件从第一和第二浆中抽出液体/泡沫以在多孔元件上形成纤维网的装置也包括在机头盒组件中。用于抽出液体/泡沫的装置可以包括任何用于此目的的常规装置，譬如吸吮辊、辗轧辊或者其它的常规结构。在一个优选实施方案中，在内部结构的多孔元件对侧提供和安装有第一和第二吸吮盒组件(参见图1和图2中的盒206和208)。
本发明的分布层优越地显示强度(例如结构完整性)和柔软性。除了具有适于掺入进个人卫生吸附用品的桡性和柔软性之外，本发明的复合物还显示了优越的结构完整性。结构完整性可以由抗拉强度指征。适用的层具有大于约10牛顿/50毫米的抗拉强度。
适用的层具有大于约205毫牛顿的机器方向(MD)的抗扯强度和大于约260毫牛顿(mN)的横向机器方向(CD)的抗扯强度。本发明的代表性分布层的抗扯强度用P-326-5号ASTM法测定。用所述方法测量了代表性层(下表1中的1-3)10种样本的机器方向(MD)的抗扯强度和横向机器方向(CD)的抗扯强度。层1包括85％重量的交联纤维、8％重量的桉木纤维和7％重量的南松木纤维。层2包括85％重量的交联纤维素纤维、8％重量的桉木纤维和7％重量的精制南松木纤维。层3包括85％重量的交联纤维、8％重量的硬木纤维(Westvaco)和7％重量的精制南松木纤维。平均、最大、最小的抗扯强度及其范围(mN)汇总在表3中。
表3.代表性分布层的抗扯强度
| 层 | 平均 | 最大 | 最小 | 范围 |
| 1(MD) | 242.2 | 284.4 | 215.7 | 68.6 |
| 1(CD) | 322.6 | 362.8 | 304.0 | 58.8 |
| 2(MD) | 419.7 | 431.5 | 402.1 | 29.4 |
| 2(CD) | 531.5 | 559.0 | 490.3 | 68.6 |
| 3(MD) | 388.3 | 431.5 | 362.8 | 68.6 |
| 3(CD) | 514.8 | 588.4 | 460.9 | 127.5 |
适用的层提取物有大于约50达因/厘米的表面张力。测量纸浆提取物的表面张力的方法在下文说明。
适用的层的柔软度用环压法测量小于约1200克。
本发明的分布层显示了优越的流体特性。所述的特性可以用各种度量单位指示，包括液体收集速率、再湿润、毛细作用输送、中点解吸压、中点收集压和中点吸收。
所述层具有大于约20厘米的中点解吸压(MDP)。一个实施方案中，所述层具有大于约30厘米的MDP。另一个实施方案中，所述层具有大于约40厘米的MDP。
所述层具有小于约25厘米的中点收集压(MAP)。另一个实施方案中，所述层具有小于约20厘米的MAP。
所述层具有大于约5g/g的中点吸附(Mu)。
测定MDP、MAP和MU的方法提供在“Liquid Porosimetry：NewMethodology and Applications，B.Miller and I.Tomkin，Journal of ColliidInterface Science，162：163-170，1994”中，其全文收入本文作为参引。
液体输送速率通过用合成尿浸透一条代表性的分布层(10厘米宽)测定。让浸透的层在检测装置上排液3分钟。其上放置所述层的检测装置包括与60度的倾斜表面(即斜坡)相邻的水平表面。分布层跨装置的水平和倾斜部分延伸，一端终止于含有已知量合成尿的储液容器中。所述的水平表面在倾斜表面下缘上方11厘米处。在水平表面上的分布层上放置一个接收层(例如10厘米×10厘米的存储层)。在接收层上放置一个重物(704克，10厘米×10厘米，给予0.10psi压强)。让接收层对着15厘米液压头吸收20分钟。测量从储液容器输送的液量，然后计算输送速率。
当本发明的层作为分布层掺入到市售婴儿尿布(PAMPERS)中时，其在11厘米的毛细作用输送高度提供大于零的液体输送速率。
本发明的代表性分布层(层4-8)的其它物理特性和性能特征汇总于下面的表4中。层4包括85％重量的交联纤维、8％重量的桉木纤维和7％重量的南松木纤维。层5-8通过如下表4中所列的各种条件(分别为4、12、16和17)软化而从层4衍生得到。层5通过用冷压延机施加35巴的压力软化；层6通过用冷压延机施加35巴的压力及沿层的机器方向施加2巴的压力；层7通过用冷压延机施加35巴的压力并且在8巴的压力下压纹层的上表面和下表面(2次操作)软化；以及层8通过对层的机器方向和横向机器方向施加8巴的压力软化。
表4.代表性分布层物理特性和性能特征
| 分布层 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 检测 | |||||
| 毛细吸收 | |||||
| MDP(厘米) | 32.2 | 44.2 | 43.5 | 42 | 35.3 |
| MAP(厘米) | 17.5 | 23.6 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 18.8 |
| MU(g/g) | 7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 6.8 |
| 柔软性(环压法，克) | 2700 | 1070 | 320 | 330 | 250 |
| 抗拉强度(牛顿/50毫米) | 29.2 | 20.8 | 12.2 | 8.9 | 2.3 |
| 表面张力 | 48 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 53 |
| 亮度 | 72.2 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 74.1 | 73.1 |
| 基量(克/平方米) | 152 | 152 | 153 | 153 | 137 |
| 卡尺厚度(毫米) | 1.29 | 0.54 | 0.77 | 0.72 | 1.30 |
| 密度(克/立方厘米) | 0.118 | 0.283 | 0.200 | 0.212 | 0.105 |
| 至15厘米毛细作用输送时间(秒) | 273 | 238 | 240 | 248 | 710 |
| 毛细作用输送容量@15厘米(g/g) | 6.6 | 6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 7.1 |
| 毛细作用输送高度@15分(厘米) | 19.2 | 21 | 21.2 | 20.2 | 15.2 |
| 柔软性 | |||||
| 挺度，MD(毫米) | 107 | 59 | 53 | 41 | 39 |
| 挺度，CD(毫米) | 83 | 51 | 29 | 27 | 37 |
| 强度 | |||||
| 干抗拉强度，MD(牛顿/50毫米) | 29.3 | 20.8 | 12.2 | 8.9 | 2.3 |
| 干伸长(毫米) | 4.3 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.7 |
| 干伸长率(％) | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.8 |
| 湿抗拉强度，MD(牛顿/50毫米) | 8.9 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 0.7 |
| 湿伸长(毫米) | 11.3 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 13.1 | 10.4 |
| 湿伸长率(％) | 5.7 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 |
| 湿强(W/D％) | 31 | 25 | 28 | 24 | 28 |
| 容量(g/g片) | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
层4-8的毛细作用输送时间和抗拉强度对挺度的关系示于图3中。
层4、5和8的流体向核芯的输送对时间的关系示于图4中。
根据本发明形成的分布层可以掺入到诸如尿布之类的吸附物品中。所述复合物可以单独使用也可以与一或多个其它层，譬如与收集层和/或存储层结合使用，以提供有用的吸附结构。
掺入所述分布层的代表性吸附结构示于图12A-C中。参见图12A，代表性的分布层10可以与存储层12结合以提供结构100。参见图12B，收集层30可以与分布层10和存储层12结合以提供具有居于收集层30和存储层20之间的分布层10的结构110。参见图12C，收集层30可以与分布层10和存储层20结合以提供具有居于收集层30和分布层10之间的存储层20的结构120。
如前所述，分布层可以掺入进个人卫生吸附物品中，诸如婴儿尿布、训练裤以及大小便失禁用品。掺入所述分布层的代表性吸附物品示于图13A-D。一般而言，吸附物品包括居于透液的面片和不透液的衬片之间的吸附结构。通常，在这样的吸附物品中，面片与衬片相连接。参见图13A，物品200包括面片40、分布层10、存储层20和衬片50。在此物品中，分布层10与面片40邻接。参见图13B，物品205包括面片40、存储层20、分布层10和衬片50，以分布层10与衬片50邻接。参见图13C，物品210包括面片40、收集层30、分布层10、存储层20和衬片50。在此物品中，分布层10居于收集层30与存储层20之间。参见图13D，物品220包括面片40、收集层30、存储层20分布层10和衬片50。在此物品中，分布层10与衬片50邻接。
应当理解包括本发明的分布层的吸附结构和物品可以有各种设计，并且在本发明的范围之内。
分布层在训练裤中进行了检验。
下面的检验中，训练裤含有SAP。用在本文中，SAP或者“超吸附颗粒”或“超吸附材料”指可以通过膨胀和形成水合凝胶(即水凝胶)能够吸收大量流体的聚合物材料。除了吸附大量的流体外，超吸附材料还可以在适度压力下保持显著量的体液。
超吸附材料一般地分为三个等级：淀粉接技共聚物、交联的羧甲基纤维素衍生物及改性的亲水聚丙烯酸酯。这种吸附共聚物的例子包括水解的丙烯腈接枝共聚体、中性化的淀粉丙烯酸接枝共聚体、皂化的丙烯酸酯-乙烯乙酸酯共聚体、水解的丙烯腈共聚体或者丙烯酰胺酯共聚体、改性的交联聚乙烯醇、中性化的自交联聚丙烯酸、交联的聚丙烯酸盐、羧酸化纤维素，以及中性化的交联异丁烯马来酐共聚体。
超吸附材料是例如弗吉尼亚州C1ariant of Portsmouth公司出售的聚丙烯酸酯。这些超吸附共聚物有各种尺寸、形态及吸附特性(可以从Clariant公司购买，商品标号如IM3500和IM3900)。其它的超吸附材料是以商品名SANWET(由Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha供应)，和SXM77(由北卡罗来纳州的Stockhausen of Greensboro供应)在市埸上出售的。其它的超吸附材料说明于美国专利4,160,059；美国专利4,676,784；美国专利4,673,402；美国专利5,057,166；美国专利4,102,340和美国专利4,818,598，所述的这些都收入本文专门作为参引。掺入超吸附材料的尿布之类的产品说明于美国专利3,699,103；和美国专利3,670,731。
第一对照训练裤是大号“成员牌(Members Mark)”儿童裤(典型训练裤)，具有含有约46％的SAP的存储核芯。所述的存储核芯具有约380m1(毫升)的尿容量。所述核芯含有13克SAP混合以15克气铺绒纸浆。
该对照与两个检测训练裤比较。每个检测训练裤都使用相同的对照裤。每个检测训练裤中分布层置于存储核芯之下。
在第一检测训练裤，也称为带有UDL1049-5的典型训练裤中，分布层具有180gsm(每平方米克)的重量和约48ml的尿容量。它含有8克的纤维。
在第二检测训练裤，也称为带有UDL1081-8的典型训练裤中，分布层具有90gsm的重量和约24ml的尿容量。它含有4克的纤维。
第二对照训练裤是大号“成员牌(Members Mark)”儿童裤(带有70％核芯的典型训练裤)，具有含有约70％的SAP的存储核芯。所述的存储核芯具有约320ml的尿容量。所述核芯含有13克SAP混合以5.5克气铺处理的绒纸浆。纸浆混合以等分子量的丙烯乙二醇、乳酸和乳酸钠的混合物。纸浆上的混合物量占纸浆重量的7-9％。
该对照也与两个检测训练裤比较。每个检测训练裤都使用相同的对照裤。每个检测训练裤中分布层置于存储核芯之下。
在第一检测训练裤，也称为带有70％核芯和UDL1049-5的典型训练裤中，UDL分布层具180gsm的重量和48ml的尿容量。它含有8克的纤维。
在第二检测训练裤，也称为带有70％核芯和UDL1081-8的典型训练裤中，UDL分布层具90gsm的重量和24ml的尿容量。它含有4克的纤维。
鞍式毛细作用输送检测
鞍式毛细作用输送包括收集速率、分布和毛细作用输送高度，采用下述方法测定。
操作步骤：
1)用临时性和永久性记号笔画出6个均匀的小区并且作标记。
2)在第三和第四小区之间的联线中点标以“X”。
3)把尿布放在鞍式装置上使得“X”正好对着该设备的底然后把250毫升的分离漏斗放在“X”正上方1厘米处。
4)测量出75毫升合成尿(血库0.9％生理盐水)并且倒入漏斗中。
5)打开漏斗并起动计时器。测量所有的流体离开漏斗到流体吸收进样品中的时间。把此记录为收集时间。
6)每20分钟重复一次步骤7和8，直到训练裤泄漏(在浸渍或者流体添加20分钟后训练裤中的游离流体)。
7)当尿布泄漏后用注射器从训练裤抽出游离流体。
8)测量和记录在步骤7中抽出的游离流体量。
9)拉出训练裤并且把样品切进所标示出的小区内。
10)称每个小区的重量并且记录湿重。
11)把每个小区放进烘箱干燥。
12)称每个小区的干重并且记录干重。
13)计算每个小区中的流体量(湿重-干重)。
14)计算泄漏前利用的容量((浸渍数×75毫升)-抽取的液体)。
鞍式毛细作用输送检测的结果示于图5至图11中。图5以秒为单位示出对照和检测的训练裤的第四浸渍过程中所收集的液体，并且显示出UDL在输送流体使核芯可以更加快速地收集流体的效力。图6以毫升为单位示出在泄漏前吸收的流体总量。图7和8以克为单元示出训练裤每个区中的流体分布。
市售纸浆平坦收集检测
为对照和检测的训练裤测得收集时间和再湿润。
按照下述的多剂量再湿润检测法测得收集时间和再湿润。
简而言之，多剂量再湿润检测测量每次加液后从吸收结构放出的合成尿量，和每次液体剂量通过毛细作用输送进产品中所需要的时间，共三次。
该检测中使用的水性溶液是由一份合成尿浓缩物与九份去离子水制成的合成尿。
把训练裤夹到夹板上，充分展开，无纺面朝上。检测用训练裤的准备方法是测定结构的核芯的中心、测量到加液体的位置前2.5厘米，并且把所述的位置标记为“X”。在样品的上标记的“X”处放置计量环(5/32英寸不锈钢，2英寸内径×3英寸高)。加液漏斗(最小100毫升容量，5-7毫升/秒流速)置于“X”处计量环上方2-3厘米处。样品准备好后，检测如下进行。
漏斗充以一个剂量(75毫升)的合成尿。第一剂量合成尿放在计量环内。使用跑表以秒为单位记录液体从打开漏斗到由计量环的底毛细作用输送进入产品时的收集时间。用合成尿的量(75毫升)除以收集时间测定收集速率，得到以每秒克为单位的收集速率。1毫升的合成尿等于1克。
在20分钟等待期后，测定再湿润。在施加第一剂量后的20分钟等待期中，称一迭滤纸(19-22克，Whatman#3，11.0厘米，或者等效物，检测前所述滤纸暴露于室内湿度最少2小时)。把这迭预先称重的滤纸放在湿了的区域中心。把圆柱形重物(直径8.9厘米，9.6磅重)放在滤纸上。两分钟后取走重物，称量该滤纸并且记录重量改变)。
上述操作过程再重复两次。另一个75毫升剂量的合成尿加在尿布上，测量收集时间和收集速率，把滤纸放在该样品上两分钟，并且测量重量改变。对于第二剂量，干滤纸重为29-32克，和对于第三剂量，干滤纸重为39-42克。前剂量干纸补充以另外的干滤纸。
图9以每秒克为单位示出第三浸渍的收集速率。图10以每秒克为单位示出三个相继的浸渍的收集速率。
再湿润报告为每个液体剂量后回吸到滤纸中的液体量(克)(即湿滤纸与干滤纸之间的重量差)。图11示出第四浸渍后的再湿润。
纸浆提取物表面张力法。
以下的方法用于测定纸浆提取物的表面张力。在此方法中，把纸浆纤维与水混合以抽提残留物和杂质。测量滤出物的表面张力以展示提取物的表面活性及其在纸浆纤维上的相对浓度。该操作过程说明如下。
A.戴上手套以防止污染，从纸浆片中取出2.0克纸浆子样，放进清洁干燥的125毫升Nalgene瓶中。
B.加入100毫升去离子水并且盖紧瓶盖。
C.把所述瓶放在往复式摇床上高强度摇动1小时。
D.从摇床上取下所述瓶静置10分钟。这有助于在过滤前从水中分离纤维。
E.用在顶上置有11.0厘米瓷漏斗的过滤盒内的清洁干燥的125毫升Nalgene瓶组装成过滤装置。把11.0厘米Whatman#4滤纸放在瓷漏斗中。可以使用等效的滤纸，只要它具有以下的规格：快速基量型、12秒/100毫升的滤过速度，0.06％的灰分，和20-25微米颗粒大小滞留性。
F.把该过滤器组件连接到标准(25英寸Hg)真空系统上。
G.真空系统开机，揭开样瓶的盖，把内容物倒入瓷漏斗中的滤纸上。应当在15-30秒内从纸浆纤维中取出滤过物。
H.真空系统开机，并且从过滤器盒取出收集瓶。旋摇瓶中的滤过物以确保彻底混合。
I.在室温(25℃)用去离子水和为表面活性剂标记的铂平板标定Rosano平板表面张力计。通过浸入丙酮并且传送过本生灯火焰把它烧至灼红色来调制所述的板。使用前让所述板冷却10秒钟。每个样品和每个复制样品之间都要进行如此调制。
J.把20毫升去离子水倒入清洁干燥的25mL玻璃陪替氏培养皿中。测量表面张力并且进行重复操作。在25℃下去离子水的表面张力是71.8达因/厘米。如果每次重复读数都是71.8±1达因/厘米下就标定好了表面张力计。
K.使用样品瓶中的滤过物，把20毫升的等分试样倒入三个清洁干燥的25mL玻璃陪替氏培养皿中。
L.测量每个复制品的表面张力并且报告平均值。每个复制品应当在±2达因/厘米范围内。在溶液表面上或者在溶液内有泡应当重复复制：泡对读数有不良影响。
尽管示出和说明了本发明的优选实施方案，应当理解其中可以进行各种改变而不偏离本发明的实质和范围。
Claims (40)
1.一种纤维层，其包含交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的精制混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的层，其中交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约50％到约90％。
3.如权利要求1所述的层，其中交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约75％到约90％。
4.如权利要求1所述的层，其中交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约85％。
5.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约10％至约50％。
6.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约10％至约25％。
7.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维重量占所述层总重量的约15％。
8.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维含有南松木纤维。
9.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维含有硬木纤维。
10.如权利要求1所述的层，其中非交联的纤维素纤维含有桉木纤维。
11.如权利要求4所述的层，其含有约5％至约15％重量的精制南松木纤维。
12.如权利要求4所述的层，其含有多达约10％重量的南松木纤维。
13.如权利要求11所述的层，其中精制南松木纤维具有约500的加拿大标准打浆度。
14.如权利要求4所述的层，其含有约3％至约5％重量的硬木纤维。
15.如权利要求4所述的层，其含有约10％至约12％重量的南松木纤维。
16.如权利要求1所述的层，其还含有湿强剂。
17.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约50达因/厘米的提取物表面张力。
18.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有低于约1200克的柔软度。
19.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约25厘米的中点解吸压力。
20.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有小于约25厘米的中点收集压力。
21.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约5g/g的中点吸收压力。
22.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约10牛顿/50毫米的抗拉强度。
23.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约205毫牛顿的机器方向抗扯强度。
24.如权利要求1所述的层，其具有大于约260毫牛顿的横向机器方向抗扯强度。
25.一种吸附结构，其包括液体分布层和液体存储层，其中所述分布层含有交联的纤维素纤维和非交联的纤维素纤维的精制混合物。
26.如权利要求25所述的结构，其中交联纤维重量占所述层总重量的约50％到约90％。
27.如权利要求25所述的结构，其中交联纤维重量占所述层重量的约85％。
28.如权利要求25所述的结构，其中非交联纤维重量占所述层总重量的约10％至约50％。
29.如权利要求25所述的结构，其中非交联纤维重量占所述层总重量的约15％。
30.如权利要求25所述的结构，其中存储层含有超吸收材料。
31.一种纤维层，其具有大于约20厘米的中点解吸压力。
32.如权利要求31所述的层，其具有大于约30厘米的中点解吸压力。
33.如权利要求31所述的层，其具有大于约40厘米的中点解吸压力。
34.一种吸附结构，其含有液体分布层和液体存储层，其中分布层具有大于约20厘米的中点解吸压力。
35.如权利要求34所述的结构，其具有大于约30厘米的中点解吸压力。
36.如权利要求34所述的层，其具有大于约40厘米的中点解吸压力。
37.一种吸附用品，其含有权利要求1或31所述的层之任一种。
38.一种吸附用品，其含有权利要求25或34所述的层之任一种。
39.如权利要求37所述的吸附用品，其中所述物品是婴儿尿布、训练裤、和成人失禁用品中的至少一种。
40.如权利要求38所述的吸附用品，其中所述物品是婴儿尿布、训练裤、和成人失禁用品中的至少一种。
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| ATE523180T1 (de) | 2003-02-12 | 2011-09-15 | Procter & Gamble | Saugfähiger kern für einen saugfähigen artikel |
| ES2428693T3 (es) | 2003-02-12 | 2013-11-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Núcleo absorbente para un artículo absorbente |
| US20060264861A1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-23 | Lavon Gary D | Disposable absorbent article having breathable side flaps |
| JP2009506878A (ja) | 2005-09-07 | 2009-02-19 | タイコ ヘルスケア グループ リミテッド パートナーシップ | マイクロポンプを有する自蔵創傷手当て |
| KR100598678B1 (ko) * | 2006-02-15 | 2006-07-19 | (주)아이앤씨 | 수직형 대형 폐기물 파쇄기 |
| EP1978140B1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2014-08-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Material for acquisition of liquids and disposable absorbent article comprising the material |
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-
2001
- 2001-12-07 US US10/013,811 patent/US20020143307A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 MX MXPA03005185A patent/MXPA03005185A/es unknown
- 2001-12-07 CA CA 2425952 patent/CA2425952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 KR KR10-2003-7005522A patent/KR20030066642A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 BR BR0115975A patent/BR0115975A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-07 MX MXPA03005183A patent/MXPA03005183A/es unknown
- 2001-12-07 AU AU2002228934A patent/AU2002228934A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 WO PCT/US2001/047549 patent/WO2002045760A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 CA CA 2428100 patent/CA2428100A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 JP JP2002548221A patent/JP2004515388A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-07 RU RU2003117085/15A patent/RU2003117085A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 EP EP01990089A patent/EP1360355A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-07 WO PCT/US2001/047668 patent/WO2002046510A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 JP JP2002567184A patent/JP2004526489A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-07 AU AU2002228962A patent/AU2002228962B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-12-07 KR KR10-2003-7005862A patent/KR20030048084A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-12-07 CN CNA018193625A patent/CN1476502A/zh active Pending
- 2001-12-07 WO PCT/US2001/047713 patent/WO2002067809A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-07 CA CA002428397A patent/CA2428397A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 EP EP01990061A patent/EP1341562A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-07 JP JP2002547542A patent/JP2004515656A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-07 EP EP01273852A patent/EP1341472A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-07 CN CNA018193617A patent/CN1476337A/zh active Pending
- 2001-12-07 AU AU2896202A patent/AU2896202A/xx active Pending
- 2001-12-07 BR BR0115972A patent/BR0115972A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 CN CNA018198635A patent/CN1477978A/zh active Pending
- 2001-12-07 US US10/013,802 patent/US20020137422A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 RU RU2003117081/14A patent/RU2003117081A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-07 US US10/021,668 patent/US20020123728A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-07 MX MXPA03005184A patent/MXPA03005184A/es unknown
- 2001-12-07 BR BR0115973A patent/BR0115973A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-07 KR KR10-2003-7005863A patent/KR20030048085A/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2002
- 2002-08-27 US US10/229,301 patent/US20030045850A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-06-03 NO NO20032513A patent/NO20032513L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-05 NO NO20032561A patent/NO20032561L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-06 NO NO20032592A patent/NO20032592D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114008256A (zh) * | 2019-05-01 | 2022-02-01 | Pda生态创新实验室 | 用于纤维增强复合材料的粗纱和织物 |
| CN114008256B (zh) * | 2019-05-01 | 2024-03-22 | Pda生态创新实验室 | 用于纤维增强复合材料的粗纱和织物 |
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