CN1370363A - 公用交换网络对公用交换网络电话业务的内联网协议传送 - Google Patents
公用交换网络对公用交换网络电话业务的内联网协议传送 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于通过因特网协议(IP)(13)网络来传送公用交换网络(PSTN)(25a与25b)终接信令的系统包括此PSTN(25a与25b)和此IP网络之间的一个网关(29a)。此网关从此PSTN中接收电话信令消息,并确定此电话信令消息是否与IP信令消息相对应。如果此电话信令消息与IP信令消息不相对应,则此网关在一个特殊IP信令消息中打包此电话信令消息以便通过此IP网络进行传送。如果此网关接收到特殊IP信令的特定消息,则此网关从此特殊消息中拆包此电话信令消息以便通过此PSTN(25a与25b)进行传送。如果此网关(29a)从此PSTN(25a与25b)中接收到DTMF信号,则此网关将这些DTMF信号变换为数字并在特殊信令消息中打包这些数字以便通过IP网络(13)进行传送。此网关(29a)也在IP媒体传送协议消息中打包这些DTMF信号以便通过IP网络(13)进行传送。
Description
背景
本发明一般涉及电信领域,并且更具体地涉及用于通过因特网协议(IP)网络来传送公用交换网络(PSTN)终接的信令的方法与系统。
现有技术描述
因特网电话技术利用因特网协议(IP)通过网络在两方或多方之间实时传送话音与其他多媒体数据。因特网电话随着因特网电话软件的引入而开始于九十年代中期。因特网电话软件设计为在装配有声卡、扬声器、话筒和调制解调器的个人计算机上运行。软件可压缩话音信号并将此话音信号变换为IP分组以便通过因特网进行传送。然而,只在双方都使用因特网电话软件时,这种基本的PC对PC因特网电话技术才起作用。
因特网电话提供机会来设计一种全球多媒体通信系统以便最终可能替代已有的电路交换电话基础结构。在较短的时期内,因特网电话技术已经有了迅速的发展。许多软件开发商现在提供PC电话软件。
因特网电话基于对话而非基于连接。一般说来,第一因特网协议用于建立对话和协商用于此对话的容量,而第二因特网协议用于通过IP网络传送实际的媒体。随着基于PC的因特网电话软件的增多,需要对这些协议标准化。用于在IP网络中处理呼叫或对话建立与拆除的一种流行方法是对话启动协议(SIP)。此SIP协议设计为可以处理直接连接到基于IP的网络的诸如PC的装置之间的呼叫。
虽然IP电话技术在费用与各种媒体类型方面给用户与电信公司提供好处,但目前存在大量已安装的利用公用交换电话网络(PSTN)提供服务的传统电话的基础设施。而且,除了其广泛普及的特性之外,PSTN还提供多样的已有电话业务。因此,希望将PSTN和包括因特网与专用内部网的IP网络进行综合。因而,要求通过基于IP的网络传送由PSTN上的一个电话机始发的呼叫以便将其最终传送给PSTN上的第二电话机。为使其正确工作,所有与呼叫有关的信令信息必须通过IP网络进行传送而不能丢失任何信息。
SIP协议足以处理大多数的呼叫建立、连接与释放相关的信令。然而,此SIP协议不支持用于传送呼叫间的信令信息的方法。呼叫间信令信息的示例为ISDN定义的暂停与恢复操作。
除了ISUP呼叫间信令之外,需要在对话期间传送的第二类型的电话对话控制信息是DTMF或“拨号附加(dial plus)”生成的信息。当今需要实施使用DTMF数字的各种电话业务。由于对这些特性的设计,DTMF信息需要既在实时传送协议(RTP)流中作为媒体信息流的一部分进行传送,又需要作为信令或控制路径的一部分进行传送。然而,在IP电话技术中,在媒体与控制路径之间存在分离。在IP环境中,利用在控制路径而不是媒体路径中的SIP代理服务器来实现智能业务。因此,提供IP网络智能的SIP代理服务器不知道DTMF信息。
发明概要
本发明提供这样一种方法和系统,用于通过因特网协议(IP)网络传送公用交换网络(PSTN)终接的信令。本发明的系统包括PSTN与IP网络之间的网关。根据本发明的网关从PSTN接收电话信令消息(诸如,信令系统7(SS7)综合业务数字网(ISDN)用户部分(ISUP)消息)并确定此电路信令消息是否对应于因特网协议信令消息,诸如对话启动协议(SIP)消息。如果此电话信令消息不与因特网协议信令消息相对应,则此网关在因特网协议信令特殊消息中打包此电话信令消息,以便通过IP网络进行传送。如果本发明的网关接收到因特网协议信令特殊消息,则此网关从此因特网协议信令特殊消息中拆包此电话信令消息,以便通过公用交换电话网络进行传送。
本发明的网关特别适于通过IP网络传送PSTN呼叫间信令。本发明的网关也适用于通过IP网络传送DTMF信令。当此网关从PSTN接收到DTMF信号,则此网关将这些DTMF信号变换为数字并在因特网电话协议信令特殊消息中打包这些数字,以便通过IP网络进行传送。此网关也在IP媒体传送协议(诸如,实时传送协议(RTP))消息中打包这些DTMF信号,以便通过IP网络进行传送。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的电信系统的方框图;
图2是根据本发明的网关的方框图;
图3是根据本发明的入口信令网关处理的流程图;
图4是根据本发明的出口信令网关处理的流程图;
图5是根据本发明的入口媒体网关处理的流程图;
图6是表示根据本发明的方法与系统的操作的呼叫流程图。
优选实施方案的描述
参见附图,并首先参见图1,总的利用数字11来表示电信系统。系统11包括一般以13表示的IP网络和包括第一PSTN 15与第二PSTN17的许多不同的传统电话网络。这些传统的电话网络也可以包括专用电话网络19。这些传统的电话网络适于提供传统的电话业务并且根据本发明与IP网络13接口。
PSTN 15与17适用于在使用传统电话机21的用户之间提供电话服务。电话机21可操作地连接到始发交换机23,这些交换机23接入到一般以25表示的电话网络。通过网络25为呼叫选择路由至终接交换机27。根据本发明,终接交换机27可操作地连接到PSTN/IP网关29。下面将详细讨论PSTN/IP网关29的操作和结构。
专用电话网络29适用于给指定站点上的组织成员提供电话服务。用户使用电话机31来呼叫此组织的其他成员或外部成员。电话机31可操作地连接到专用小交换机(PBX)33。PBX 33可操作地连接到其结构与操作类似于PSTN/IP网关29的企业网关35。企业网关35可操作地连接到专用内部网37,此网络37又连接到IP网络13。内部网37也适用于给IP允许的个人计算机39和IP电话机41提供IP电话业务。
使用电话机21与31的用户能相互进行电话呼叫并能将电话呼叫连接到系统11的其他电话机,或将电话呼叫连接到诸如个人计算机39或IP电话机41的因特网装置。利用标准电话技术和因特网信令与媒体传送协议的组合能建立这样的呼叫并能为这样的呼叫选择路由。利用代理服务器42可以在PSTN中或在IP网络中提供智能网络业务。
ISDN用户部分(ISUP)定义用于建立和拆除公用交换电话网络上的话音与数据呼叫的协议与消息。网络单元使用ISUP消息及其参数来建立和拆除话音与数据电路。在建立与拆除话音电路时使用的基本消息是初始地址消息(IAM)、地址完成消息(ACM)、应答消息(ANM)、释放消息(REL)和释放电路消息(RLC)。
由交换机在前向方向中发送此IAM,以开始捕获输出电路和发送号码以及与呼叫的路由选择与处理相关的其他信息。在后向方向中发送此ACM消息,表示在终接交换机上已接收到为此呼叫选择路由所要求的所有地址信号。在后向方向中发送此ANM消息,表示已应答呼叫。在接收到此ANM之后,呼叫继续进行。在任何一个方向中发送REL消息,以表示由于在此消息中供给的理由或原因而释放此电路。在合适的电路进入空闲状态时,发送RLC消息以响应REL消息的接收。
对话启动协议(SIP)是因特网工程任务组(EITF)建议的用于建立、修改和终接多媒体IP对话的标准。IP电话呼叫是特殊的多媒体对话,其中在各方之间交换话音数据。SIP是其中客户机发出请求和服务器利用响应进行应答的客户机/服务器协议。当前,SIP定义六种请求或方法,包括INVITE(邀请)、ACK(确认)、OPTIONS(任选)、REGISTER(登记)、CANCEL(取消)和BYE(再见)。
INVITE请求用于要求被叫方在多媒体对话中出现。发送ACK方法以便确认新的连接。OPTIONS用于获得有关服务器的容量的信息。响应于OPITIONS请求,服务器返回它支持的方法。REGISTER方法将用户的当前位置通知给服务器。CANCEL方法终接并行搜索。当服务器正在试图联络用户时,它可以尝试几个位置。在联络到此用户时,可以取消其余的搜索。客户机发送BYE方法以便离开对话;对于一个两方的呼叫,BYE方法终接此呼叫。
在服务器接收到请求时,它发回一个响应。在SIP中,利用3位数字的代码来定义每种类型的响应。具有六种主要类型的响应,包括1XX信息、2XX成功、3XX改发、4XX请求失败、5XX服务器故障、和6XX总体故障。信息响应的一个示例是180振铃响应。成功响应的一个示例是200 OK响应。
系统11的标准电话部分与系统11的IP部分之间的接口由网关29与35提供。网关29与35提供信令与媒体的协议变换。参见图2,示出由诸如PSTN/IP网关29和企业网关35的网关的结构及其提供的业务。在图2中,入口网关以43来表示,而出口网关以45来表示。标签“入口”和“出口”只用于识别而不用于限制意义。因此,本领域技术人员将认识到,如果在系统11的相对端上始发呼叫,则网关43能用作为出口网关,而网关45能用作为入口网关。入口网关43包括信令网关47和媒体网关49。同样地,出口网关45包括信令网关51和媒体网关53。
信令网关47连接在电话信令链路56和IP网络55之间。信令链路56连接到信号传送点(STP)57,此STP 57又连接到交换机59。在本发明的优选实施例中,信令网关47提供被合起来称为信息的ISUP消息和对话启动协议(SIP)请求与响应之间的双向协议变换。媒体网关49连接在话音中继线61与IP网络55之间。话音中继线61连接到交换机59,媒体网关49提供标准时分多路复用(TDM)话音电路和诸如实时传送协议(RTP)的IP媒体传送协议之间的双向协议变换。
同样地,信令网关51被连接在IP网络55与电话信令链路63之间。信令链路63连接到SIP 65,SIP 65又连接到终接交换机67。出口媒体网关53被连接在IP网络55与话音中继线69之间。话音中继线69连接到终接交换机67。
结合图6的呼叫流程图来说明PSTN媒体与信令传送和IP媒体与信令传送之间的对应关系。图6表示图2的始发交换机59与终接交换机67之间的呼叫的进程。为简明起见,省略这些交换机及其相关STP之间的信令。利用ISUP消息完成PSTN信号传送。PSTN媒体传送利用TDM来完成。此呼叫的IP部分在入口网关43与出口网关45之间进行传送。IP信号传送利用SIP来完成,而媒体传送利用RTP来完成。
利用从始发交换机61发送给入口网关43的IAM消息来开始呼叫。入口网关43将此IAM消息变换为要发送给出口网关45的SIPINVITE消息。出口网关45将此INVITE信息变换为要发送给终接交换机67的IAM信息。响应于此IAM信息,终接交换机67将ACM信息发回给出口网关45,出口网关45将此ACM信息变换为一个寻址到入口网关43的SIP 180振铃响应。入口网关43将此180振铃响应变换为ACM信息。当被叫方应答此呼叫时,终接交换机67将ANM消息发送给出口网关45,出口网关45将此信息变换为200 OK响应。当入口网关43接收到此200 OK响应时,它发送ANM给始发交换机61并且建立呼叫。
在此呼叫期间,入口网关43与出口网关45的媒体网关执行TDM与RTP之间的双向变换。在此呼叫期间,可能具有由不被SIP的当前应用支持的系统生成的ISUP消息或用户生成的DTMF数字来实现的信号传送。因此,本发明提供称为INFO方法的一种特殊的新的SIP请求或方法。此INFO方法利用不与已定义的SIP请求或响应相对应的任何ISUP消息或拔号数字序列来作为它的自变量。例如,如果暂时断开被叫方的连接,则终接交换机67发送ISUP终接(SUS)消息给出口交换机45。此SUS消息不与任何定义的SIP请求或响应相对应。因而,根据本发明,出口网关45在INFO消息中打包此SUS消息以便传送给入口网关43。入口网关43拆包此INFO消息并将此SUS消息发送给始发交换机61。在重新连接被叫方时,终接交换机67发送ISUP恢复(RES)消息给出口网关45。而且,此RES消息不与任何定义的SIP请求或响应相对应。因而,根据本发明,入口网关45在INFO消息中打包此RES消息以便传送给入口网关43。入口网关43拆包此INFO消息并将此RES消息发送给始发交换机61。
也在一个呼叫期间,用户可以通过输入DTMF数字来开始信号交换。诸如应答机的终接装置可以使用这些DTMF数字来检索消息。或者,这些DTMF信号可以预定由可以是PSTN的一部分或IP网络单元的智能网络单元(诸如,SIP代理服务器)使用。因为在此呼叫的IP部分期间信令与媒体传送分开,所以必须在信令路径与媒体路径中都发送DTMF信息。
仍参见图6,在DTM流中从始发交换机61发送DTMF音调给入口网关43。在入口网关43的媒体网关49上接收这些DTMF音调。因此,此媒体网关49同时执行两个操作。此媒体网关49将这些DTMF音调变换为数字并将这些数字传送给入口网关43的信令网关47。媒体网关49也将这些DTMF音调变换为RTP分组以便传送给出口网关45的媒体网关53。入口网关43的信令网关47在SIP INFO请求中打包从媒体网关49接收的数字以便传送给出口网关45的信令网关51。在IP信令路径中任何SIP代理服务器可以利用具有被打包的数字的INFO消息来提供智能网业务。出口网关45忽略具有这些数字的INFO请求并将此RTP分组变换为TDM信号。
在完成呼叫时,其中的一方挂机。在图6的示例中,被叫方终接此呼叫,并且终接交换机67发送REL消息给出口网关45。出口网关45将此REL消息变换为BYE请求,将此BYE请求传送给入口网关43。入口网关43将此BYE请求变换为REL消息并传送给始发交换机61。为响应此REL信息,始发交换机61将RLC消息发回给入口网关43,入口网关43发送200 OK响应给出口网关45。此出口网关45将SIP ACK请求发回给入口网关43,并将ISUP RLC消息发回给终接交换机67。
结合图3-5来说明根据本发明的网关的处理。首先参见图3,图3表示入口信令网关处理,在接收到信号时,入口信令网关在判定步骤71确定此信令是否是来自媒体网关的数字。如果是这样的话,则此入口信令网关在步骤73将这些数字打包为SIP INFO请求。如果否的话,则此入口信令网关在判定步骤75确定此消息是否与SIP请求或响应相对应。如果否的话,则此入口信令网关在步骤77在SIP INFO消息中打包此信令。如果在判定步骤75确定信令确实与SIP相对应,则此入口信令网关在步骤79执行合适的变换。
参见图4,其中示出了出口网关处理。在此出口网关接收到信令时,此出口网关在判定步骤81确定此信令是否为SIP INFO请求。如果否的话,则此出口信令网关在步骤83执行合适的变换。如果在判定步骤81确定此信令为SIP INFO请求,则此出口信令网关在判定步骤85确定此请求的自变量是否为数字。如果是这样的话,则此出口信令网关忽略这些数字,如步骤87所示。如果在判定步骤85确定此请求的自变量不是数字,则此出口信令网关在步骤89从此SIP INFO请求中拆包此ISUP消息。
参见图5,示出入口媒体网关处理。在此入口媒体网关接收到TDM数据时,它在判定步骤91确定此数据是否为DTMF音调。如果否的话,则此入口媒体网关在步骤93在RTP分组中打包此输入数据。如果在判定步骤91确定此输入数据是DTMF音调,则此入口媒体网关在步骤95在RTP分组中打包这些音调,并在步骤97将这些DTMF音调变换为数字而且将这些数字发送给信令网关。
从上面可以明白,本发明提供了一种支持穿越IP网络的用于PSTN终接呼叫的呼叫间信令的方法和系统。本领域技术人员将能认识到得益于本说明的各种可替换实施例。因此,前文用于示意而不是限制目的。
Claims (19)
1.通过因特网协议网络传送呼叫的一种方法,此方法包括以下步骤:
在因特网电话网关上接收电话信令消息;
确定此电话信令消息是否与因特网协议信令消息相对应;和
如果此电话信令消息不与因特网协议信令消息相对应,则在因特网协议信令特殊消息中打包此电话信令消息,以便通过因特网协议网络进行传送。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,包括以下步骤:
在第二因特网电话网关上接收此因特网协议信令特殊消息;和
从此因特网协议信令特殊消息中拆包此电话信令消息,以便通过公用交换电话网络进行传送。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中此因特网协议是对话启动协议(SIP)。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中此电话信令协议是SS7。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中此电话信令协议消息是ISUP消息。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,包括以下步骤:
在此网关上接收DTMF信号;
将这些DTMF信号变换为数字;和
在因特网电话协议信令特殊消息中打包这些数字,以便通过此因特网协议网络进行传送。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,包括在因特网协议媒体传送消息中打包这些DTMF信号以便通过因特网协议网络进行传送的步骤。
8.一种电信系统网关,此网关包括:
信令网关,适用于将电话信令消息变换为因特网协议信令消息,此信令网关包括用于在因特网协议特殊消息中打包一个与因特网协议信令消息不相对应的电话信令消息的装置;和
媒体网关,适用于将电话媒体变换为因特网协议媒体。
9.根据权利要求8的网关,其中此信令网关包括用于从特殊因特网协议信令消息中拆包电话信令消息的装置。
10.根据权利要求8的网关,其中此媒体网关包括用于在因特网媒体传送协议消息中打包DTMF信号的装置。
11.根据权利要求10的网关,其中此媒体网关还包括用于从因特网协议媒体传送消息中拆包DTMF信号的装置。
12.根据权利要求10的网关,其中此媒体网关还包括:
用于将DTMF信号变换为数字的装置;和
用于向此信令网关提供这些数字的装置。
13.根据权利要求12的网关,其中此信令网关包括用于在特殊因特网协议信令消息中打包这些数字的装置。
14.一种电信系统,包括:
因特网电话网关,它可操作地连接在第一公用交换电话网络与因特网协议网络之间,此电话网关包括:
用于将电话信令消息变换为因特网协议信号消息的装置;和
用于在特殊因特网协议信令消息中打包一个与因特网协议信令消息不相对应的电话信令消息以便通过因特网协议网络进行传送的装置;和
第二因特网电话网关,它可操作地连接在此因特网协议网络与第二公用交换电话网络之间,此第二电话网关包括:
用于将因特网协议信令消息变换为电话信号消息的装置;和
用于拆包特殊因特网协议信令消息以便通过第二公用交换电话网络进行传送的装置。
15.根据权利要求14的系统,其中此因特网协议是对话启动协议(SIP)。
16.根据权利要求14的系统,其中此电话信令协议是SS7。
17.根据权利要求16的系统,其中这些电话信令协议消息是ISUP消息。
18.根据权利要求14的系统,其中此电话网关包括:
用于将DTMF信号变换为数字的装置;和
用于在因特网电话协议信令特殊消息中打包这些数字以便通过因特网协议网络进行传送的装置。
19.根据权利要求18的系统,其中此电话网关还包括用于在因特网协议媒体传送消息中打包DTMF信号以便通过因特网协议网络进行传送的装置。
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Cited By (4)
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CN100433677C (zh) * | 2004-07-29 | 2008-11-12 | 张泽华 | 实现网络电话的方法及网络电话设备 |
CN101375576B (zh) * | 2005-11-15 | 2013-03-27 | 虹软(上海)科技有限公司 | 使用pstn传送ip地址用于点对点文本、话音、视频或数据通信 |
CN100452771C (zh) * | 2006-05-16 | 2009-01-14 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | 实现因特网协议语音业务的系统和方法 |
CN101257540B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2010-06-02 | 清华大学 | 一种连接IPv6网络电话和PSTN的语音网关 |
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US7653081B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
EP1192772A4 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
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AU5453700A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
MXPA01012956A (es) | 2002-09-18 |
JP2003502907A (ja) | 2003-01-21 |
EP1192772A1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
AU773816B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
CA2376985A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
BR0011632A (pt) | 2002-09-17 |
WO2000077992A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
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