CN1369065B - 用于设计接触眼镜的方法 - Google Patents

用于设计接触眼镜的方法 Download PDF

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CN1369065B
CN1369065B CN008115494A CN00811549A CN1369065B CN 1369065 B CN1369065 B CN 1369065B CN 008115494 A CN008115494 A CN 008115494A CN 00811549 A CN00811549 A CN 00811549A CN 1369065 B CN1369065 B CN 1369065B
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contact lens
contact lenses
back surface
corneal
design
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CN1369065A (zh
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J·H·罗夫曼
M·J·科林斯
B·A·达维斯
D·F·罗斯
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Johnson and Johnson Vision Care Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00Optical parts
    • G02C7/02Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04Contact lenses for the eyes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/22Correction of higher order and chromatic aberrations, wave front measurement and calculation

Abstract

本发明提供了一种系统和方法,用于根据初级屈光异常测量值获取整体角膜轮廓数据和视觉波阵面数据、以实现一种柔软接触眼镜设计。角膜轮廓数据常用于通过获取与一种特定的角膜局部解剖形状唯一匹配的,或者是一种基于特定的角膜局部解剖形状的达到平均水平的形状的接触眼镜片后表面,设计出配合更好的柔软接触眼镜。在特定匹配的接触眼镜片后表面的情况中,特定的后表面设计还可以修正初级和更高级的角膜光学象差。此外,视觉波阵面分析通常用于眼睛中存在的光学象差。总的光学象差,几乎没有多少利用接触眼镜后表面修正的角膜畸变,是通过接触眼镜前表面设计加以修正的。考虑到对于一个特定的人眼所需要的常规的折射处方元件,要对接触眼镜前表面作进一步的设计。结果,所制备的眼镜片显示出改进的习惯配合、最佳的折射误差修正和视觉。

Description

用于设计接触眼镜的方法
发明领域
总的来说,本发明涉及一种用于改善眼睛视觉的系统和方法。更具体地讲,本发明涉及一种根据初级屈光异常测量值获取整体角膜轮廓数据和视觉波阵面数据、以完成柔软接触眼镜设计的系统和方法。 
发明背景 
大多数人眼角膜的表面轮廓不是球形的。相反,角膜表面通常从角膜中心向边缘以变化的、不可预知的和特有的变化率按照相对于每一个特定的角膜而特有的方式改变。置于角膜上的接触眼镜片的配合可以将角膜形状的不规则性考虑在内。使用角膜轮廓形状的角膜局部解剖分析常用于提供有关角膜形状的信息。通常,角膜视频角膜镜包括一个用于检测从角膜反射的光的环、点或图案的摄象装置,例如电荷耦合装置或CCD摄象机。摄象机将视频信号传送给计算机或其他图象处理装置,这种装置分析摄象机信号并产生用于确定人眼角膜轮廓的数据。 
发明内容
本发明涉及一种根据初级屈光异常测量值获取整体角膜轮廓数据和视觉波阵面数据、以完成柔软接触眼镜设计的系统和方法。根据本发明,角膜轮廓数据常用于通过获取与一种特定的角膜局部解剖形状唯一匹配的,或者是一种基于特定的角膜局部解剖形状的平均形状的接触眼镜片后表面,设计出配合更好柔软接触眼镜。在特定匹配的接触眼镜片后表面的情况中,特定的后表面设计还可以修正初级和更高级的角膜光学象差。此外,视觉波阵面分析用于确定眼睛中存在的总光学象差。总的光学象差,几乎没有多少利用接触眼镜后表面修正的角膜畸变,是通过接触眼镜前表面设计加以修正的。考虑到对于一个特定的人眼所需要的常规的折射处方元件,要对接触眼镜前表面作进一步的设计。结果,根据本发明所制备的眼镜片显示出一种改进的习惯配合、最佳的折射误差修正和视觉。 
具体实施方式
本发明利用构成用于设计定制的接触眼镜的系统和方法的三要件的各种组合。这些要件包括视觉波阵面分析、角膜轮廓分析和基本球状-柱状的一般分析。 
根据本发明,程序是通过获取有关受验者眼睛的任意的角膜轮廓信息开始的。可以使用任意的、不同数量的获取角膜轮廓数据的方法。然而,这种轮廓外形信息通常被转化为一种适合用于设计一种定制的接触眼镜片。原始的角膜轮廓数据是利用角膜轮廓测绘仪或角膜视频角膜镜获得的。 
可以将高度数据转化成为格栅图案,这种图案可能是直线的、极性同心的或螺旋形的,以便于能容易找到用来使用CNC(计算机数控)车床或类似的加工系统加工透镜或透镜模具表面的机械。这些系统的例子包括聚合物按钮的直接加工的、研磨的、激光烧蚀/加工的、注射模制的或可变形模制装置。 
首先,将高度数据应用于处于未弯曲状态的柔软接触眼镜模型。此外,还可以将高度数据用于表达仅在后表面、仅在前表面或在前后表面的一种组合中相对于平均角膜表面的较小变化。其次,将镜片被置于人眼上时软镜片的弯度(覆盖度)考虑在内对该数据进行转换。一般说来,眼睛片后表面的曲率比起它们所配合的角膜的前表更为平坦,高度小1-1.5mm。因此,在将初始轮廓外形数据用于设计柔软接触眼镜片表面或模型型芯时各个角膜和覆盖两者的高度的影响被考虑进去。 
而后,可以将曲率转换高度数据绘制成栅格图案并用于制造柔软接触眼镜片或模具表面。利用该转换数据的优点是可以制造在可以是或者可以不是关于镜片的中心旋转对称的格栅图案上显示出厚度波动的镜片或模型型芯。 
如果所制成的软镜片恰当地覆盖在处在下面的角膜上,表面高度的波动(角膜球形表面的上下)将明显地被抵消。按照这种方式,角膜畸变和不规则性将被抵消,结果,由于不规则的角膜轮廓所产生的光学象差将被消除。 
尽管对眼睛的全部角膜轮廓的认识产生了大量的有关柔软接触眼镜片的最佳配合和由于不规则的角膜轮廓所产生的视觉象差的大量的信息,但是仍然不能提供有关优选修正眼睛的总视觉象差的足够数据。尤其是,晶状体的非球面性、指数变化的结构和不同心性(未对准)通常是轮廓外形测量所不能解决的。 
视觉光学波阵面测量例如可以利用交叉圆柱体象差计,一种通过点排列或线排列测量视觉调制传递函数(MTF)的装置或任何类似的测量、评估、插入或 计算视觉光学波阵面的装置的输出信号来进行。 
视觉光学波阵面信息涉及眼睛的光学组成部分,包括角膜、晶状体、系统长度、倾斜度、眼睛的构成部分的不同心性、不对称的不规则性和非球面性。尽管对整个眼睛的波阵面象差的认识产生了大量的信息,但是仍然不能提供可以实现接触眼镜片最佳配合的任何数据。 
为实现对总的视觉光学波阵面象差的修正,所需要的镜片表面高度或倾斜度的改变可以仅在前表面或在前后两表面的某种组合上进行。所需要的镜片表面高度或倾斜度的改变将把配合和对角膜轮廓的不规则性的修正考虑在内。由于柔软接触眼镜片覆盖了处在下面的角膜形状,由角膜轮廓和视觉光学波阵面象差所确定的组合高度改变可以仅用于前表面或用于在前后表面的某种组合。 
本发明还利用常规的球体-圆柱体惯用信息。这种信息包括远距离球体、远距离散光柱面光焦度和轴,以及如果需要的话,还包括近距离附加光焦度。在本发明的一个实施例中,这种信息是利用(视觉)主观折射技术确定的。换句话讲,球体、圆柱体和轴是根据波阵面分析确定的。例如,这可以通过将Hartmann shack波阵面数据减少到Zernike系数项,或者利用导出球体、圆柱体和轴信息的相关项来完成。 
根据本发明的第一个实施例。在第一实施例中,角膜轮廓被用于产生轮廓外形数据,而后该数据被用于确定接触眼镜片的后表面。接触眼镜片的后表面被加工成型,以便于配合它所要覆盖的角膜表面,并且还要将镜片的弯度或曲率考虑进去。按照这种方式,在镜片处在眼上时,接触眼镜片的后表面与角膜表面的配合类似于“手套中的手”。这种轮廓外形限定的配合还消除了大部分的角膜光学象差。此外,在这个实施例中,波阵面象差传感器被用于测量光学象差的总和。被镜片后表面抵消的角膜光学象差被从光学象差的总和扣除,产生一种净余光学象差。通过对接触眼镜片的前表面进行适当的设计以补偿净余光学象差。还对接触眼镜片的前表面进行适当设计,以补偿第一级的常规惯用部分,包括球体、圆柱体、轴和棱镜。 
根据本发明的第二个实施例。在第二实施例中,并不单独进行确定常规惯用部分的分析。代之以由光学波阵面数据确定常规惯用部分。这种分析包括光程差或象差多项式。在第二实施例中,角膜光学象差是通过对接触眼镜的后表面的适当的设计补偿,类似以上讨论的第一实施例。类似地,确定眼睛的总光 学象差,并且将角膜光学象差从总的光学象差中扣除,得到剩余光学象差,该光学象差通过对接触眼镜的前表面的适当设计而补偿。此外,接触眼镜的前表面设计还将特定眼睛所需要的常规惯用部分考虑在内。 
根据本发明的第三个实施例。在第三实施例中,角膜轮廓被用于产生涉及到角膜表面,尤其是角膜表面的不规则性,的轮廓外形数据。然而,代替设计定做的和唯一配合特定角膜表面的接触眼镜片后表面,是使用任意的接触眼镜后表面(可以是球形的或者可以不是球形的)。结果,这种接触眼镜后表面将不对所有的角膜光学象差进行补偿。代之以通过接触眼镜前表面的设计而对角膜象差进行补偿,此外,这种设计还对眼睛中存在的其它光学象差,连同特定眼睛所需要的常规惯用部分一起进行补偿。 
虽然业已对本发明的各种优选的实施例做过说明,但是,对本领域中的普通技术人员来说,所描述过的这些设备仅仅是用于说明本发明原理的一些具体的例子,在不脱离本发明的精髓和范围的前提下还可以提出其他一些设计方案和变化,这是显而易见的。 

Claims (2)

1.一种用于设计接触眼镜的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
使用角膜轮廓测绘仪或视频角膜镜获得人眼的角膜轮廓信息;
使用波阵面传感器测量所述人眼的光学象差的总和;
利用角膜轮廓信息确定接触眼镜的后表面;
加工成型用于补偿眼角膜表面的接触眼镜的后表面;
从光学象差总和中扣除由于所述的接触眼镜的后表面所产生的光学象差,以产生净余光学象差;以及
利用净余光学象差计算接触眼镜前表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法还包括以下步骤:
利用角膜轮廓信息计算所述的接触眼镜的后表面。
CN008115494A 1999-08-11 2000-08-08 用于设计接触眼镜的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1369065B (zh)

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US09/372,718 US6305802B1 (en) 1999-08-11 1999-08-11 System and method of integrating corneal topographic data and ocular wavefront data with primary ametropia measurements to create a soft contact lens design
US09/372,718 1999-08-11
PCT/US2000/021604 WO2001011418A1 (en) 1999-08-11 2000-08-08 System and method of integrating corneal topographic data and ocular wavefront data with primary ametropia measurements to create a soft contact lens

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