CN1365449A - Tension control mechanism for Bragg grating devices - Google Patents
Tension control mechanism for Bragg grating devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1365449A CN1365449A CN 00806103 CN00806103A CN1365449A CN 1365449 A CN1365449 A CN 1365449A CN 00806103 CN00806103 CN 00806103 CN 00806103 A CN00806103 A CN 00806103A CN 1365449 A CN1365449 A CN 1365449A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bragg grating
- fiber bragg
- control mechanism
- grating fbg
- stress control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
- G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
Abstract
The present invention provides a mechanism for controlling the tension of a guided wave fiber Bragg grating (12) device. The tension imposed on a guided wave fiber Bragg grating (12) can be used to control its spectral characteristics as desired. For example, the center wavelength of a fiber Bragg grating (12) can be directly controlled by the tension imposed on the fiber, and in the case of a nonlinearly chirped grating, its effective group delay properties can also be controlled by fiber tension. These examples are directly related to applications in sensing, and in WDM filters and dispersion compensation devices. The tension control mechanism for controlling the spectral properties of a fiber Bragg grating (12) includes a support structure (18) to which the fiber Bragg grating (12) is attached at a first (20) and second (22) portion. The support structure (18) includes an adjustment mechanism (30) whereby adjustment of the support structure in one direction increases tension in the fiber Bragg grating (12) and adjustement of the support structure (18) in the other direction decreases tension in the fiber Bragg grating (12).
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of Stress Control mechanism that is used to control the Bragg grating spectral characteristic.
Background of invention
The characteristic spectrum characteristic of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and in manufacture process and the prior art of repairing these characteristics after making make Bragg grating become the basis of multiple different device.These devices comprise strain, pressure and temperature sensor, spectral filter and dispersion compensation device wherein.For example, fiber grating can satisfy the needs of the optically filtering of high power capacity WDM (wavelength-division multiplex) optical transmission system, wherein for demultiplexing and increase or remove carrier wave and utilize its spectral filtering ability that optical carrier is separated.Special chirped fiber grating also is used for proofreading and correct the chromatic dispersion that is present in many optical transmission systems, particularly in the situation of the High Capacity System that adopts high speed TDM (time division multiplex) and the non-relay device of long distance.In Application in Sensing, utilize the fiber grating spectral characteristic that the sensitivity of the external action that comes from physical stress is provided the measurement such as the deformation of the different structure of cross-over connection parts or hull.
In many this application, must use specific process that Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is installed and encapsulated, make it satisfy desired performance.For example, employed installation must can realize following purpose with encapsulation technology: provide physical protection, environmental stability, adjustment capability and with being connected of other parts.In some applications, the feature centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG must be controlled at and approach in the Measurement Allowance.This requirement may exceed the ability of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG manufacturing or be used to the technology installing and encapsulate.For example, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG links together with a substrate usually, and connection technology can cause its centre wavelength to change an amount that is difficult to reliably estimate.
Thereby needing a kind of device, it allows accurately to regulate Fiber Bragg Grating FBG centre wavelength and other spectral characteristic when its installation and encapsulation state.This can provide higher precision and bigger cost efficiency in the optical fibre prague grating device manufacturing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable Stress Control mechanism, it allows after Bragg grating has connected or has been installed to the supporting construction that constitutes this device part, accurately the centre wavelength of tuning this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and other spectral characteristic.This can provide higher precision and bigger cost efficiency in the manufacturing of optical fibre prague grating device.This technology can also be used to provide a kind of by rotary screw manually or the manufacturing of the tunable devices of regulating electronically by driver.
According to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of Stress Control mechanism that is used to control the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG spectral characteristic.This Stress Control mechanism comprises a supporting construction, links together at this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of first and second parts and this supporting construction.This supporting construction comprises a governor motion, thereby this supporting construction can increase stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of a direction, and this supporting construction can reduce stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of other direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of controlled Fiber Bragg Grating FBG combination of stress that is used to control the Bragg grating spectral characteristic.This combination comprises that one has the optical fiber that is connected to the structural Bragg grating of an adjustable support.This Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is fixed on first and second parts.This supporting construction comprises a governor motion, thereby this supporting construction can increase stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of a direction, and this supporting construction can reduce stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of other direction.
This supporting construction can comprise first and second supports that are separated from each other.This supporting construction can comprise an adjustable groove in addition.This groove can be arranged in one of them support that is separated from each other, along the length or the Width of main body.
The accompanying drawing summary
Now will be for example, only describe with reference to the accompanying drawings and form the Stress Control mechanism that is used for control wave selvage guide glug mounting for grating spectral response of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the front elevation according to Stress Control of the present invention mechanism;
Fig. 2 is the front elevation according to the Stress Control mechanism of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the front elevation according to the Stress Control mechanism of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the backplan of Stress Control mechanism among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the front elevation according to the Stress Control mechanism of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the top view of Stress Control mechanism among Fig. 5.
The detailed description of invention
The invention provides the Stress Control mechanism that a kind of waveguide bragg grating device is used.This stress that imposes on waveguide bragg grating can be used to control required spectral characteristic.For example, can directly control the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG by the stress that is applied on the optical fiber, and in the situation of nonlinearly chirped grating, can also control effective group delay by the control fiber stress.These examples and WDM wave filter, dispersion compensation device and Application in Sensing are directly related.These mechanisms can also be used for the pressure size of conditioning equipment, and Bragg grating is maintained pressured state.
Mechanism of the present invention depends on deformation is imposed on the parts that Bragg grating connects, and makes the height control that obtains in this way stress in the grating, thus control grating centre wavelength or other optical characteristics of controlling by tensile strain.Essential control ability is necessary for the normal operation of this equipment in many physical devices.For common optical fibre prague grating device, stress deformation must be controlled in the 10 micron dimension scopes.The invention provides this high precision of generation and regulate necessary control ability.In addition, can be such as the Bragg grating manufacturing with realize the adjusting of optical fiber after the manufacture process of these controls very difficult and that cost a lot of money equivalence franchises is installed.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 is installed on the supporting construction 18 in first embodiment.Supporting construction 18 comprises that one has the support 20 that is separated from each other and 22 main body 19 at each end.The end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 and the support 20 and 22 that is separated from each other link together.Preferably end 14 and 16 is installed in the position near support 20 and 22 inward flanges as much as possible.The center section of grating 12 freely is suspended between support 20 and 22.
Fig. 1 provides a kind of device, makes supporting construction generation deformation with a kind of controlled manner, changes the length of the not support section comprise Bragg grating effectively, thereby increases or reduce stress in the Bragg grating as requested.Support 22 has two arms that limit a groove 28 therebetween 24 and 26 that are separated from each other, and can use one to regulate gib screw 30 and regulate distance between two arms.The adjusting of regulating gib screw 30 make arm 24 towards or move away from arm 26.Groove 28 in support 22 between the arm 24 and 26 allows the inward flange 32 of support to rotate in the counterclockwise direction when screw 30 advances, and is rotated in a clockwise direction when screw 30 is return.The coboundary that is used to optical fiber is connected that is rotated counterclockwise at edge 32 rises, and reduces the stress in the grating, and turning clockwise of edge 32 has reverse effect.Therefore, the adjusting of screw 30 causes the rotation and the bending of arm 24 and 26, and causes the moving of part 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12.
The position of design groove 28 and the length and the thickness of the degree of depth and groove arm 24 and 26 make sizable displacement of gib screw 30 produce the displacement of very little bearing edge 32.Consistance by length bigger between gib screw 30 and the groove 28 anterior 34 places equivalence hinges and groove arm 24 and 26 can realize the control effect that strengthens.In order to make adjusting is reversible, must finish deformation within the elastic range of the material that is used for support section 22.
Provided second embodiment of Stress Control mechanism in Fig. 2, wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 is fixed on the supporting construction 40.Supporting construction 40 comprises a main body 49 and two supports that are separated from each other 41 and 42.The end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 and two supports that are separated from each other 42 and 41 link together.The center section of Bragg grating 12 is not suspended between support 41 and 42 with having support.Be provided with an elongated slot 43 along supporting construction 40 length directions in this embodiment.Member 46 and 47 is positioned at the either side of this elongated slot 43 and forms part supporting construction 40.Mechanism such as screw 48 is arranged on some place and vertical with the axle of groove 43 of groove 43 length directions, makes the adjusting of screw 48 cause elongated slot 43 open greater or lesser.Incident deformation will cause supporting construction that deformation takes place in such a way, and support 41 and the 42 equivalent hinge rotations around 44 and 45 places cause extending in the part of groove 43 opposed end place supports 41 and 42.Therefore the adjusting of screw 48 causes the relative rotation with 42 of support 41 that is separated from each other, causes the end points 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 displacement.This supporting construction 40 can be designed as and makes to have consistance by the formed parts 46 and 47 of groove, provides with screw supporting the enhancing control of rotation.This support 41 and 42 controlled rotation will allow the stress in the grating 12 to be accurately controlled.
Fig. 3 and 4 has provided the 3rd embodiment of Stress Control mechanism, wherein is fixed on the supporting construction 50 as a same embodiment Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.The end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 and two supports that are separated from each other 52 and 51 of forming supporting construction 50 link together.The center section of Bragg grating 12 is not suspended between support 51 and 52 with having support.Obtain control by the deformation at groove 55 places in the main body 54 of control supporting construction 50 in this embodiment to grating stress.Groove 55 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of main body 54.Groove 55 extends (as shown in Figure 4) and only passes the part of body thickness along the width of main body.Can use screw 58 or other wedge in the bellmouth to open groove with a kind of controllable mode, main body is bent at equivalent hinge position 53 places, support rotates.Therefore the adjusting of screw 58 causes the rotation of main body 54 on groove 55 each side, causes the end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 displacement.Stress in the grating 12 controllably reduces as a result, thus the centre wavelength of control grating.
Fig. 5 and 6 has provided the 4th embodiment of Stress Control mechanism, represents similar with shown in Fig. 1 with 60.Stress Control mechanism 60 comprises that one has the main body 62 of two supports that are separated from each other 64 and 66 in the end.In addition, main body 62 has two sidewalls that are separated from each other 68 and 70, and there is a groove 72 centre.The end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 and 16 and two supports that are separated from each other 64 and 66 link together.The center section of grating 12 has and is not suspended between support 64 and 66 on the groove 72 with supporting.
Groove 72 has a step portion 86 in its end.Translot 88 is formed in the sidewall that separates mutually with the end of main body 62 on the step portion 86.Support 66 is common cross shaped member, is arranged on the step portion 86 among the translot 88.The elongated portion 90 of cross bracket 66 is arranged on the groove 72, and is inner with sidewall 68 with opened in 70 minutes.Support 66 can be used as the thermal compensation rod, eliminates the thermal response of Bragg grating.One center groove 92 is set in support 64 and 66 and Bragg grating 12 is arranged on wherein, thereby be fixed.
In the described embodiment of Fig. 1, the adjusting of regulating gib screw 80 make arm 74 or towards or away from arm 76 displacements.Groove 78 in support 64 between the arm 74 and 76 allows the inward flange 82 of support to rotate in the counterclockwise direction when screw 80 advances, and is rotated in a clockwise direction when screw retreats.The coboundary that is used to optical fiber is connected that is rotated counterclockwise at edge 82 advances, thereby reduces the stress in the grating, and turning clockwise of edge 82 has reverse effect.Therefore, the adjusting of screw 80 causes the rotation of arm 74 and 76 with crooked, causes the displacement of the end 14 of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12.
In Fig. 5 and 6 given embodiment, main body 62 is made by Rhometal, and support 66 is made by brass.Perhaps support is made by stainless steel.The total length of main body 62 is 50mm.The length of support 66 is 15mm, and the length of support 64 is 13mm, and the length of groove 78 is 12mm.The height of groove is 0.6mm.The center section of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 12 is 22mm.For embodiment described herein, provide the range of adjustment of the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG centre wavelength of about 0-0.2 nanometer.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Stress Control of the present invention mechanism can be used for multiple application.Particularly it can produce a kind of tunable optic filter, and wherein Fiber Bragg Grating FBG centre wavelength is tunable in comprising 0 to one of about 9 nanometers or a few nanometer scale scope.Use for WDM optical transmission system or optical detection and measurement and to have special application.Stress Control perhaps of the present invention mechanism can be used as the fine tuning device, and its median filter spectral position is optimised.Therefore, when this mechanism is used to fine tuning, can be designed to be applied to perhaps be used in the example of 0 to 0.2 given nanometer of Fig. 5 in 0 to 0.5 nanometer range.
The description of the above-mentioned most preferred embodiment of the present invention has provided principle of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to described specific embodiment.Scope of the present invention is limited by following claim and their all embodiment that equivalent comprised.
Claims (16)
1. control the Stress Control mechanism that the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG spectral characteristic is used for one kind, comprising:
The one adjustable support structure that can be connected with Fiber Bragg Grating FBG at first and second fixed positions, this supporting construction has a governor motion, thereby this supporting construction can increase stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of a direction, and this supporting construction can reduce stress in the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG along the adjusting of other direction.
2. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 1, wherein said supporting construction comprises a main body and first and second support that is separated from each other, and this first fixed position that is used for Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is in first support, second fixed position that is used for Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is in second support, thereby this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG that is between first and second fixed positions comprises that one is suspended in part therebetween.
3. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 2, wherein this first support component comprises a fork configuration, it comprises with the one end and links together and limit first and second arms of a groove betwixt, and this governor motion is regulated the width between this first and second arm, thereby the link at this first and second arm produces an equivalent hinge, and the adjusting of governor motion causes the relative rotation of this first and second arm, and the relative displacement of this first and second fixed position of this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
4. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 3, also be included between these first and second supports that are separated from each other from upwardly extending first and second sidewalls that are separated from each other of this main body, and limit a groove betwixt.
5. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 4, the position of wherein approaching this first support in this first and second sidewall forms a translot.
6. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 4 or 5, wherein this second support is generally a cross shaped member that links together with main body, and this cross shaped member has an elongated portion that extends internally on groove and from this first and second sidewall.
7. according to claim 3,4,5 or 6 Stress Control mechanism, wherein this governor motion comprises that one is connected the set screw between first and second arm, thereby the adjusting of this set screw make this first arm towards or away from the second arm displacement, and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and this first arm link together.
8. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 6 or 7, wherein this main body is made by Rhometal, and this cross shaped member is made by brass.
9. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 2, wherein this main body has certain-length, and this main body comprise one form along its length have the elongated slot of first and second members that connect together with its opposite end in its each side, and this governor motion is regulated the width of elongated slot, thereby first and second supports that the adjusting of this governor motion causes being separated from each other rotate relatively, and the relative displacement of this first and second fixed position of Bragg grating.
10. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 9, wherein this governor motion comprises that one is connected the set screw between this first and second member.
11. Stress Control mechanism according to claim 2, wherein this main body has certain width and thickness, this main body comprises passes the groove that its width forms, and pass through its thickness from a lateral parts ground, and this governor motion is regulated the width of this groove, thereby the adjusting that makes governor motion causes the relative rotation in each this main body of side of this groove, and the relative displacement of this first and second fixed position of this Bragg grating.
12. according to the Stress Control mechanism of claim 11, wherein this governor motion comprises that one is arranged in the set screw of this groove.
13. any one Stress Control mechanism in requiring according to aforesaid right wherein increases and reduces stress in this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the centre wavelength that can regulate this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in about 0 to 9 nanometer range selectively.
14. any one Stress Control mechanism in requiring according to aforesaid right wherein increases and reduces stress in this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the centre wavelength that can regulate this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in about 0 to 0.5 nanometer range selectively.
15. any one Stress Control mechanism in requiring according to aforesaid right wherein increases and reduces stress in this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the centre wavelength that can regulate this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in about 0 to 0.2 nanometer range selectively.
16. the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG combination that a stress is controlled comprises that one has the optical fiber of Bragg grating according to any one Stress Control mechanism and in the aforesaid right requirement, wherein this Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is connected on this adjustable support structure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12370599P | 1999-03-10 | 1999-03-10 | |
| US60/123,705 | 1999-03-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1365449A true CN1365449A (en) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=22410368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00806103 Pending CN1365449A (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Tension control mechanism for Bragg grating devices |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1161696A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1365449A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3266000A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2366011A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000054082A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102736355A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-17 | 华东交通大学 | Tunable slow light implementing device based on fiber Bragg grating |
| CN102749725A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-24 | 华东交通大学 | Device for precisely tuning wavelength of fiber grating |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2809827B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2003-08-15 | Highwave Optical Tech | FIBER OPTICAL DEVICE COMPRISING A COMPONENT SUCH AS A BRAGG NETWORK AND TUNING MEANS |
| EP1249720A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-16 | Alcatel | Bragg grating filter in optical waveguide |
| FR2828940B1 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2004-08-27 | Highwave Optical Tech | OPTICAL FIBER ATHERMIC DEVICE |
| US20030108286A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-12 | Jacques Albert | Adjustable temperature compensating package for optical fiber devices |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5042898A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Incorporated Bragg filter temperature compensated optical waveguide device |
| US5502782A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1996-03-26 | Optelecom, Inc. | Focused acoustic wave fiber optic reflection modulator |
| US5774619A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1998-06-30 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Precision deformation mechanism and method |
| US5841920A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-11-24 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fiber grating package |
| US5991483A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-11-23 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical fiber grating packages |
| US6055348A (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-04-25 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Tunable grating device and optical communication devices and systems comprising same |
-
2000
- 2000-03-10 EP EP00910443A patent/EP1161696A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-10 WO PCT/CA2000/000253 patent/WO2000054082A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-03-10 AU AU32660/00A patent/AU3266000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-03-10 CN CN 00806103 patent/CN1365449A/en active Pending
- 2000-03-10 CA CA002366011A patent/CA2366011A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102736355A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-17 | 华东交通大学 | Tunable slow light implementing device based on fiber Bragg grating |
| CN102749725A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-24 | 华东交通大学 | Device for precisely tuning wavelength of fiber grating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000054082A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| EP1161696A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
| CA2366011A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| AU3266000A (en) | 2000-09-28 |
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