CN1342056A - 用于左心耳闭塞的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于左心耳闭塞的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1342056A
CN1342056A CN99815453A CN99815453A CN1342056A CN 1342056 A CN1342056 A CN 1342056A CN 99815453 A CN99815453 A CN 99815453A CN 99815453 A CN99815453 A CN 99815453A CN 1342056 A CN1342056 A CN 1342056A
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occlusor
left auricle
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E·范德·伯格
M·D·莱什
D·德奇科
A·G·C·弗雷泽
A·K·海尔卡安
M·S·克里伊德勒
C·C·鲁谢
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Abstract

本发明是使用在一体内腔体例如左心耳(31)中的一闭塞装置。该闭塞装置具有一闭塞体(11),并还可具有一稳定体(12)。该稳定器抑制左心耳的压缩,便于组织向内生长到闭塞体上。制造该装置的方法包括在一个管子中形成多个槽,诸槽产生沿径向向外偏斜的纵向部分(228)。而后将一个隔膜阻挡层(15)连接在诸纵向部分上。

Description

用于左心耳闭塞的方法和装置
发明背景
对于成年人,栓塞性中风(embolic stroke)是国家的第三大杀手,并且是致残的主要原因。仅在美国每年的中风数超过700,000。其中,大约100,000是器官性出血(hemoragic),600,000是局部缺血(因为脉管狭窄或栓塞)。发自心脏的栓塞性中风的最常见的原因是由于心房纤维性颤动造成血栓的形成。每年大约有80,000个中风数是因为心房纤维性颤动造成的。心房纤维性颤动是导致快速和混乱心跳的心律失常,这会产生较低的心脏输出以及血管系统中不规则和紊乱的血流。全球有超过五百万的人存在心房纤维性颤动,每年大约有四十万的新病例。根据情况,心房纤维性颤动有超过百分之五十的中风危险。具有心房纤维性颤动的病人过着大大降低的生活质量,部分原因是担心中风,以及为降低危险而必须的药物治疗。
对于因心房纤维性颤动产生心房血栓的病人,凝块一般发生在心脏的左心耳(LAA)中。左心耳是看起来象小手指或风袋的一腔体,并被连接在僧帽瓣膜和左肺静脉根部之间的左心房的侧壁上。
左心耳在正常的心脏循环中通常与左心房的其余部分一起收缩,由此使血液在其内变得停滞,由于与AF相关的不协调的电信号,通常不能给遭受心房纤维性颤动的病人带来任何活力。其结果是,在左心耳中的停滞血液中容易形成血栓。
据Blackshear和Odell的报告,在他们的研究中1288个病人具有非风湿的心房纤维性颤动,221人(17%)在其心脏的左心房中具有血栓。BlackshearJL,Odell JA.,Appendage Obliteration to Reduce Stroke in CardiacSurgical Patients With Atrial Fibrillation(附加的闭塞以减少带有心房纤维性颤动的心脏手术病人的中风).Ann Thorac.Surg.,1996.61(2):755-9.在带有心房血栓的病人中,201人(91%)具有位于左心耳中的心房血栓。从上述可以看出,消除或抑制在具有心房纤维性颤动的病人的左心耳中形成血栓可以显著降低这些病人发生中风的意外。
用于防止中风的药物疗法例如口服或系统使用华法林或类似药物是不足够的,这是因为药物的严重副作用以及缺乏病人摄入药物的配合。侵入性的手术或胸刺(thorascopic)技术已用来闭塞左心耳。但是,许多病人由于危险状况或以前接受过心脏手术而不适于进行此类手术。此外,即使胸刺手术的己知危险也超出了可能的获益。见以上的Blackshear和Odell。也可参见LindsayBD..Obliteration of the Left Atrial Appendage:A concept Worth Testing(左心耳的闭塞:一个值得实验的设想),Ann Thorac.Surg.,1996.61(2):515。
尽管现有技术中存在各种努力,仍然存在用来减小在左心耳中形成血栓的危险的尽量为非侵入性的方法和相关装置的需要。
发明概要
按照本发明的一个方面,提供了闭塞左心耳的一种方法。该方法包括抑制心耳的容量变化、并闭塞心耳的开口的步骤。抑制容量变化的步骤较佳地包括将一个膨大部件引入到心耳中以抵抗心耳壁的压缩。较佳地,膨大部件是一个可扩张的部件。在一个实施例中,引入可扩张的膨大部件的步骤包括通过展开导管(deployment catheter)来展开自我扩张的膨大部件。该闭塞步骤包括定位一闭塞体以将膨大部件封闭在心耳内。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了便于使细胞向内生长到心耳闭塞装置中的一方法。该方法包括定位一闭塞装置使其横过心耳的开口的步骤,该闭塞装置具有位于其上的一组织连接表面。该方法还包括至少在组织连接期间抵抗心耳压缩的步骤。该抵抗步骤较佳地包括将一膨大结构定位在心耳中。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了用以植入到左心耳中的一闭塞装置。该闭塞装置包括可从缩小截面扩张到扩大截面的一闭塞体。该闭塞装置还包括可从缩小截面扩张到扩大截面的一稳定体。稳定体的扩大截面小于闭塞体的扩大截面。揭示在此的任何闭塞体和稳定体的结构都可仅设置闭塞体,而不带有相应的稳定体。
该闭塞装置较佳地还包括位于闭塞体和稳定体之间的一个毂。闭塞体包括用至少两个辐条制造的一可扩张的框架。每个辐条具有第一端和第二端,第一端连接在该毂上。诸辐条可在提供用于传送植入的较低外形的轴向位置和植入到心耳中时以闭塞心耳的径向扩大的位置。
该稳定体包括至少两个部件,这两个部件可在稳定体处于缩小截面时的轴向位置和稳定体处于扩大截面时的倾斜位置之间移动。在一个实施例中,每个部件包括一近端部分、一远端部分和当稳定体处于扩大截面时位于近端部分和远端部分之间的一弯曲部。较佳地,该闭塞装置还包括至少一个组织连接体例如钩子、尖钉或倒刺。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供用于闭塞管形体内结构的一闭塞装置。该闭塞装置包括具有一纵向轴的一主体。一可扩张的闭塞体设置在该轴上的第一位置,一稳定体设置在该轴上的第二位置。该闭塞体包括可活动地连接在主体上并可在轴向位置和倾斜位置之间移动的多个辐条。
较佳地,该闭塞体还包括由诸辐条承载的一聚合隔膜。该稳定体包括至少三个沿径向向外的可活动部件。在一个实施例中,一活动关节设置在闭塞体和稳定体之间的主体上。一活动关节结构包括螺旋线圈。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了制造闭塞装置的一种方法。该方法包括提供具有第一端、第二端、以及一纵向轴的管子。在管子上的第一位置处切削出多个轴向延伸的槽以产生第一多个纵向部件。在管子上的第二位置处切削出第二多个轴向延伸的槽以产生第二多个纵向部件。
该方法还包括在第一和第二多个部件中的至少一个上面设置沿径向指向外的偏斜部分的步骤。一聚合隔膜可连接在第一和第二多个部件中的至少一个上面。在一个实施例中,一活动关节设置在该管子上的第一和第二多个部件之间。
按照本发明的另一方面,提供了闭塞心耳的一种方法。该方法包括将稳定体引入到心耳中的步骤,用于抵抗心耳壁的压缩,并防止植入物的转动和轴向移动,并将闭塞体定位成横过心耳。该引入步骤较佳地包括引入一沿径向扩张的稳定体,并在心耳内沿径向扩张该稳定体。该定位步骤包括将闭塞体定位在心耳内,或者将闭塞体定位成横过心耳的开口。在一个实施例中,该引入和定位步骤是通过将展开导管引入到心耳中并从导管中展开该稳定体和闭塞体来完成的。较佳地,该方法还包括便于细胞生长到闭塞体上的步骤。
鉴于以下较佳实施例的详尽描述,当与附图和权利要求书一起考虑时,对于本领域的一般技术人员而言,本发明的进一步的特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图的简要描述
图1示出具有本发明的特征、带有闭塞体和保持体的一实施例的立体图。
图2示出不带有局部剖视示的图l所示装置的端视图。
图3示出图1和2所示装置的纵向剖视图。
图3A示出具有本发明特征的一装置的立体图。
图3B示出图3A所示装置的局部剖视的主视图。
图4示出具有本发明的特征、以展开状态位于一体内腔体中的一装置的主视图。
图5示出具有本发明的特征、以展开状态位于一体内腔体中的一装置的主视图。
图6示出具有本发明的特征、用于密封一体内腔体的一装置的立体图。
图7示出具有本发明的特征、用于密封体内腔体的一装置的带局部剖视的主视图。
图8示出图7所示装置沿线8-8的横剖视图。
图9示出一病人心脏和设置在其内的通过隔膜的展开的经隔膜的导管和用于密封一体内腔体的一传送导管和装置的示意图。
图10示出带有设置在左心耳的开口中的一传送导管的病人心脏的带局部剖视的示意图。
图11示出图10所示传送导管远端和带有部分展开在左心耳中、用于密封一体内腔体的一装置的病人的左心耳的放大的视图。
图12示出完全展开在左心耳中、用于密封一体内腔体的该装置。
图13示出具有本发明的特征、用于闭塞一体内腔体的一装置的主视图。
图14示出图13所示用于闭塞一体内腔体的该装置沿线14-14的横剖视图。
图15示出具有本发明的特征、展开在左心耳中的用于闭塞一体内腔体的一装置。
图16示出具有本发明的特征、展开在左心耳中的用于闭塞一体内腔体的一装置。
图17示出用具有本发明特征的方法所闭塞的一左心耳。
图18示出用具有本发明特征的方法所闭塞的一左心耳。
图19示出用具有本发明特征的方法所闭塞的一左心耳。
图20是具有本发明的特征、用于封闭病人的一体内腔体的一装置的带局部剖视的主视图。
图21是与左心耳的组织相接触的用于封闭病人的一体内腔体的一装置的示意图。
图22是与左心耳的组织相接触的用于封闭病人的一体内腔体的一装置的示意图。
图23示出用具有本发明的特征的方法所封闭的一左心耳。
图24是按照本发明的一闭塞装置的立体图。
图25是示出在图24中的该闭塞装置的侧视图。
图26是本发明的另一实施例的立体图。
图27是示出在图26中的该实施例的侧视图。
图28是本发明的另一实施例的立体图。
图29是图28所示实施例的侧视图。
图30是按照本发明的另一闭塞装置的立体图。
图30A是示出在图30中的该装置的侧视图。
图31是沿图30中的线31-31的端视图。
图32是定位在图30所示闭塞装置中的一可膨胀气囊的示意图。
图33是图30所示闭塞装置的一拉动绳线展开的实施例的示意图。
图34A和34B是位于图30所示闭塞装置上的局部和全面阻挡层的侧视示意图。
图35是按照本发明的另一闭塞装置的侧视示意图。
图36是按照本发明用于形成合成阻挡层隔膜的一粘合网层的示意图。
图37是按照本发明的合成阻挡层隔膜的组成部分的分解剖视图。
图38是由示出在图37中的组成部分形成的合成阻挡层的剖视图。
图39是示出在图38中的合成阻挡层的俯视图。
较佳实施例的详尽描述
图1-3示出具有本发明特征的闭塞装置10,其中闭塞体11固定在保持体12上,保持体12被设置成将闭塞体固定在一体内通道或一腔体内的所需位置中。闭塞体11一般是圆盘的形状并带有环绕支承住阻挡层15的框架结构14的外周的一外边缘13。外边缘13可以是圆形的或多边形的,或者是适于与体腔的内表面相一致的任何其他形状。一个毂16可定位在闭塞体11的中心附近,除其他功能外,毂16起到将保持体12连接在闭塞体上的作用。外边缘13一般是用柔软的聚合材料17制成的,聚合材料17提供了外边缘的柔软性并适于使外边缘对着体腔或通道的内表面密封。阻挡层15可以是起到阻挡外边缘13所围绕区域内材料通过的材料的薄网或薄膜。阻挡层15可沿着其整个外周18固定在外边缘13上以在其间获得完全的密封,并可以模制到外边缘13中,或通过适当的方法例如胶合、焊接、缝纫或其他合适方法粘结在此。
外边缘13至少局部被连接外边缘和该毂的框架结构14支承住。框架结构14可用一种或多种高强度的材料例如不锈钢或MP35N制成,或者也可较佳地用形状记忆材料或假弹性合金例如NiTi制成,或者可用多种已知的结构性生物降解材料中的任何一种制成(例如聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸、聚-L-乳酸及衍生物或共聚物例如PLGA)。较佳地,框架结构14是用可从受约束的结构形式自我膨胀的材料制成,因此闭塞装置10能够以便于经皮传送的较小外形的柔性结构传送到展开位置。
较佳地,一径向环21容纳在外边缘13的柔软聚合材料17中,并起到保持外边缘的环形形状和便于外边缘从受约束的位置或外形沿径向膨胀的作用。径向环21可以隔离在外边缘13的柔软聚合材料17中,或者可以连接在框架结构14的至少某些部分22上,以在外边缘和框架结构之间具有较强的机械连接。所示的径向环21是基本圆形的形状,但也可以是多边形的或其他合适的形状,或者具有位于其上的分开的诸连接体或接头以便于该装置的收缩和折合,以进行非侵入的传送。
除了连接保持体12和闭塞体11之外,毂16可用来容纳连接在保持体内的组织贯穿轴25的近端24上的转动连接体23。转动连接体23允许将转矩传递给组织贯穿轴25,组织贯穿轴25较佳地具有一螺旋形的延伸部或远端26,远端26可旋入到组织中并机械地固定在那里。通过设定容纳组织贯穿轴的保持体的内腔27的尺寸,致使位于远端的螺旋形的延伸部分26因太大而不能穿过内腔,由此来防止组织贯穿轴25相对保持体12和毂16的纵向运动,并且组织贯穿轴的近端24通过可转动地连接于内腔来防止其穿过内腔。转动连接体23也可以被构制成沿纵向被俘获在毂16中,但仍然可转动地设置在其内。
图3A和3B示出具有闭塞体11和保持体12的闭塞装置10的另一实施例。保持体12具有一根轴28和从该轴的近端沿径向延伸的诸径向延伸体29。径向延伸体29通过接合围绕闭塞装置的组织可用来锚定轴28和闭塞体11。较佳地,径向延伸体从压缩状态自我膨胀,并且是用假弹性合金例如NiTi或者高强度材料例如不锈钢制成的。尽管径向延伸体从收缩状态的自我膨胀是较佳的,但它们也可以通过使用形状记忆特性或膨胀气囊等所提供的沿径向向外的力来膨胀。轴28可以是单个部分或由多个部分形成,并可用与径向延伸体相同的材料或不同的材料例如聚合体或聚合合成物制成。径向延伸体29具有位于其径向远端29A处的指向近端的偏斜,以致在插入闭塞装置10时延伸体可容易地向下折合并容易地向远端方向运动,但沿近端方向运动时向外弹跳并侵入地接合周围的组织。径向延伸体29的结构使得可容易地插入到一体内腔体中,并防止装置10向内和向外或沿近端方向的排出。
图4示出与图1-3所示相似、应用在病人的左心耳31中的一闭塞装置30。闭塞装置30的外边缘或周缘32处在邻近左心耳31的开口的位置,在该位置外边缘顶靠左心耳的内表面基本密封。组织贯穿轴36的螺旋形的远端35已旋入到左心耳的壁组织中并机械地固定在那里。保持体38将闭塞体41的位置保持在相对左心耳42的纵向轴线基本垂直的方向。
图5示出与图1-4所示相似、应用在与图4所示相似的病人的左心耳51中的一闭塞装置。图5所示实施例的闭塞体52的结构与图4所示的不同之处在于,图5所示实施例的阻挡层53和框架结构54从外边缘55界定的平面向近端凸出。该结构对于病人的左心耳的特定形态是有用的。本发明的一个目的是在体内通道或腔体的外侧产生一光滑表面以防止该腔体或通道内的血液或其他体液的紊流或漩涡。示出在图5中的闭塞装置50的该另一结构在这方面是有用的。
图6示出闭塞装置60的另一实施例,该闭塞装置60具有一闭塞体61、一框架结构62、一阻挡层63和以可扩张体65形式的一保持体,可扩张体65具有从受约束的结构可较佳地膨胀的连接部分66。可扩张体65是大致的圆筒形并具有被连接点68连接的一系列的环形的连接部分66。尽管图6示出为一系列连接部分66的可扩张体65,但本领域的技术人员可意识到通过螺旋形状的单根金属丝或网状或编织结构的多根金属丝、或者可从受约束的结构自我膨胀或在应用热量或其他形式的能量或力时膨胀的其他适当的结构可获得相似的效果。例如,可扩张体65可被构制成通过从其内部传递过来的向外的径向力而展开。可膨胀的气囊或类似物可用来施加这样的力。可扩张体较佳地固定在闭塞体61的外边缘71上,但也可以直接或间接地固定在框架结构62上。可扩张体65可从受约束的结构自我膨胀,其闭塞体61和框架结构62和外边缘71也可以。框架结构62、外边缘71和阻挡层63可以具有对于图1-5所示的实施例的相似部分的上述结构的相似结构。
参见图7,如图6所示的可扩张体65还具有围绕其设置的一护套72以作为可扩张体和病人的体腔或通道的内表面之间的防护层。护套72便于闭塞体61的密封功能,但主要是为了防止损伤体腔的内表面上的组织或者可膨胀体的连接部分66。护套72可围绕可扩张体65的全部或部分,并且可用多种适当的生物适应性的材料例如大可纶(Dacron_)、尼龙、四氟乙烯(TFE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或e聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)制成。护套72可以是机织物、编织物、薄膜或具有其他合适结构。可扩张体65还可通过浸入、喷洒或其他适当工艺涂上降低摩擦的材料例如特氟纶(Teflon_),或者涂上活性化合物例如肝素。u
图8示出图7所示的实施例沿线8-8的横剖视图。框架结构62具有设置在该框架结构的大约中心处的一个轴或毂73,毂73用来连接该框架结构的各个径向部分74。毂73可以是连接框架结构62的几个部分74的独立结构,或者它也可以仅为各种框架结构的远端并具有实心的组成部分。在任一结构中,毂73较佳地允许闭塞体61的受约束的结构便于经皮地传送闭塞装置60。毂73也可以具有设置在其内的一个内腔以允许引导线或其他引导体的通过。较佳地,该内腔具有一个自身密封阀或密封垫,一旦从内腔中取出引导线或引导体,该密封阀或密封垫可以防止流体或栓塞材料的通过。
参见图9,以剖视形式的病人心脏80的示意图示出具有近端82和远端83的一经隔膜的导管81。经隔膜的导管81的远端83设置在病人的心脏80中,而传送导管85的远端84从经隔膜的导管的远端83延伸。经隔膜的导管81的远端83已穿过病人心脏80的隔膜86并设置在病人的左心耳88的开口的邻近处。在经隔膜的导管81的近端82处,具有连接于止血阀92的一路厄连接器91,止血阀92用来防止血液从经隔膜的导管81的内腔93流出。传送导管85的近端94从止血阀92向近端方向延伸并具有连接在其近远端的一路厄连接器95。柱塞97的近端96从传送导管的路厄连接器95延伸。传送导管的近端94被设置为允许柱塞97的转动和轴向运动,同时防止血液或其他体液从传送导管85和柱塞97之间泄漏。
参见图10,以带局部剖视的形式示出病人的心脏80,并且传送导管85的远端84设置在左心耳的开口87中。图11是图10所示的左心耳88的放大的视图,在局部剖视中所示出的传送导管的远端84含有一柱塞97,柱塞97可滑动地设置在传送导管85的内腔98中,并沿远端方向将轴向力施加到设置在传送导管中的折合的闭塞体101上,以从传送导管对闭塞装置102施力并展开它。固定在此并具有可扩张体103和闭塞体101的闭塞装置102是部分展开的并从传送导管的远端84延伸到病人的左心耳88中。也可以通过使用合适的引导线或引导体将闭塞装置102引入到病人的左心耳88中。
图12示出以展开状态位于病人的左心耳88中的图11所示的闭塞装置102。闭塞体101的外边缘104基本密封地接触左心耳88的内表面105。可扩张体103已膨胀以接触左心耳的内表面105并将闭塞装置102固定在此,并且将闭塞体101保持在相对左心耳88的纵向轴线106基本垂直的方向。阻挡层107设置在外边缘104所界定的区域内并被定位成防止栓塞或其他材料流入到左心耳88中或从中流出。在从传送导管推闭塞装置102之后,柱塞97的远端108从传送导管的远端84延伸。
参见图13,示出具有本发明特征的一闭塞装置110。闭塞装置110具有带有一远端112的一传送导管111、设置在传送导管的远端上的一分离机构113、以及可分开地固定在分离机构上的一闭塞体或可膨胀体114。可膨胀体114具有一近端115和一远端116,该近端连接在分离机构113上,该远端终止在端盖117处。可膨胀体114具有可含有引起纤维化的材料例如大可纶或其他类似材料的外表面118。可膨胀体114可用柔性或非柔性的聚合材料的不透过流体的薄膜制成。可膨胀体114较佳地用硅树脂制成,但是,也可以使用其他任何合适的材料例如聚乙烯、聚氨酯或者聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。
可通过机械力或通过合适导管传送热或光能量来驱动分离机构113。另外,也可以不使用分离机构,通过一细长的推入体将可膨胀体从传送导管111推入到左心耳中。可膨胀体114可填充有在压力下通过传送导管114被注射到可膨胀体中的气体、液体或凝胶。可注射的适当液体包括盐水和硅酮。可膨胀体114也可以填充能够硬化的聚合材料。也可以使用自身的液体例如血液或胶原。用来填充可膨胀体的液体、凝胶或聚合物可含有对比剂例如金、钽、铋、硫酸钡或类似物以改善在荧光检查或X射线成像时的可视性。
图14是图13所示的闭塞装置沿线14-14的横剖视图。所示的一选择性的内轴121较佳地以同心的形式设置在可膨胀体114中。内轴121给可膨胀体114提供纵向的轴向支撑以在可膨胀体114膨胀和展开时保持其纵向尺寸。内轴121可以是实心的或含有与可膨胀体114的内腔相流通或不流通的一个或多个腔体,并可用于引导线或引导体的通过。
图15所示的是由与图13所示的可膨胀体相似并以在病人的左心耳123中展开的形式示出的可膨胀体114组成的一闭塞装置110的另一实施例。可膨胀体114在病人的左心耳123中已至少局部填充有液体、气体或凝胶,以致可膨胀体的外表面118至少与左心耳的部分内表面124相接触。可膨胀体114具有肋条125,肋条125可与左心耳124的内表面的凸凹不平处(trebeculae)126或病人体内腔体或通道的内表面的其他表面不规则处机械地互锁。肋条125可形成可膨胀体114的全部圆周,但也可以形成局部圆周、螺旋形结构、或由可膨胀体的表面118上的诸随机凸起组成。肋条125应当从可膨胀体114的表面径向地延伸大约1至4毫米,并较佳地彼此隔开大约3至8毫米。肋条125可用任何合适的聚合材料制成,但较佳地用与可膨胀体相同的材料来制造,并一体地模制在其上,或通过热熔接或适于柔性地粘结医用聚合物的粘合剂粘结在上面。所示的可膨胀体114带有传送导管112的远端和连接的分离机构113。作为另一个选择,或除了图15所示的聚合肋条125之外,倒刺或钩子可固定在可膨胀体114的外表面上,它们被构制成接合病人左心耳124的内表面。较佳地,设置在可膨胀体的外表面上并被构制成接合病人的左心耳124的内表面的组织的倒刺或钩子在其径向远端处具有指向近端的倾斜,以致在插入可膨胀体114的过程中倒刺能够折起来并更容易地以远端方向运动,但是在可膨胀体沿近端方向运动时,倒刺将向外弹出并积极地接合体内腔体的组织。
图16示出由在病人的左心耳123中展开的可膨胀体114组成的一闭塞装置110。示出在图16中的可膨胀体114的该实施例具有带有组织贯穿轴128的一选择性的保持体127,组织贯穿轴128具有一近端131和一远端132。一转动的连接器133设置在组织贯穿轴128的近端131处,一螺旋形的末稍134设置在轴132的远端处。所示的螺旋形的末稍134处在左心耳的壁组织135中并机械地接合该壁组织,以固定可膨胀体114并保持其在病人的左心耳123中的位置。
图17示出由已注射或传送到病人的左心耳142中的聚合物141组成的一闭塞装置140的另一实施例。传送导管144的远端143具有一个腔体145,腔体145延伸至与受压的聚合材料源相流通的传送导管的近端。受压的聚合材料源146可以是任何类型的泵或装置,它能够迫使聚合流体或凝胶进入到传送导管的近端中,并具有足够的压力使聚合流体或凝胶从传送导管144的远端143排出并进入到病人的体内腔体或通道中。可通过以上讨论的技术例如Mullins经中隔的方法或其他合适方法来定位传送导管144。一旦传送导管143的远端被设置在病人的左心耳142的所需位置中,可注射聚合物141以将该腔体填充至需要的程度。左心耳142可完全或局部用聚合物141填充,聚合物141可被配置成在热量作用下随时间而硬化或保持在流体或凝胶状态。传送导管的远端可选择性地具有一可扩张体,该可扩张体用来在传送聚合材料的过程中对着病人体内腔体的开口的内表面基本密封该传送导管。该可扩张体可以是可膨胀的气囊或本领域中众所周知的类似物。
可选择地,相对于可膨胀体114示出在图16中、具有组织贯穿轴128或类似物的一保持体127可在注射聚合物141之前在左心耳142中展开并被俘获在那里以将聚合物固定在左心耳中。另外,聚合物可用来填充病人的左心耳并在病人的左心耳142中围绕和固定在图4或图5所示的一展开的装置。
一旦所需量的聚合物141已注射到左心耳142中,例如通过TE回波成像进行估量,可收回传送导管144并终止该过程。较佳地,病人的整个左心耳142填充有聚合物141,如图18所示,并且硬化或成为胶体以保持其形状。在固化或硬化之后使聚合物141保持在柔软的可压缩形式是合乎需要的,其结果是能够至少部分地顺从心脏的收缩性的泵动作用并抵抗疲劳。用来形成聚合物141的材料可以含有对比剂例如金、铂、钽、铋或类似物以改善聚合物的展开在荧光检查或X射线成像时的可视性。
在图19中可以看到闭塞体140的另一实施例,该图示出已在左心耳142中展开的一闭塞线圈147。所示的闭塞线圈147具有一随机的结构,该结构能够机械地闭塞左心耳142并具有进一步便于阻塞左心耳142的所引起的凝块和/或纤维化形式148。
用于封闭一体内腔体或通道的一装置150示出在图20中,它具有本发明的特征。该装置150具有带有内腔152和近端153和远端154的一细长轴151。可滑动地设置在细长轴151的内腔152中的是至少两个细长体155,细长体155具有近端156和远端157并具有设置在远端上的组织连接体158。一选择性的远端锚定体161也可滑动地设置在细长轴151的内腔152中并较佳地具有终止成螺旋体163的一远端162。细长轴151的近端153具有一邻近的控制模块164,模块164密封细长轴151的内腔152并允许细长体155的近端156和远端锚定体161的转动和直线运动,同时保持所述诸部件之间的密封以防止体液在此泄漏。邻近的控制模块164可选择性地被构制成控制细长体155的前进和收回和控制组织连接体158的驱动。
图21示出带有从细长轴154的远端向远端方向延伸的细长体157的远端和组织连接体158的图20所示的用于封闭一体内腔体的装置150。如图所示,细长体157的远端相对细长轴1151的纵向轴线165是倾斜的或偏斜的以接合左心耳168的开口167的组织。细长体155可被容纳在细长轴154的远端中的支座或角度所偏斜,但是较佳地预成型为倾斜结构,当诸远端不受细长轴的内腔152限制时,就允许呈现它们放松的预成型状态。位于远端锚定体161的远端162处的螺旋体163接合左心耳168的壁组织171,以提供可用来相对远端锚定体161移动细长轴151并给予细长轴相对左心耳开口167的纵向的轴向运动更强控制的选择性的锚。所示的组织连接体158连接在左心耳开口167的环形边缘172上。一旦连接上组织连接体158,通过在细长推动轴174上施加轴向力,一闭塞体或保持环173沿远端方向前进,细长推动轴174将组织连接体158和连接在此的组织拉紧在一起,如图22所示。当封闭体173沿远端方向进一步前进时,左心耳172的环形边缘被拉紧封闭,最终,左心耳的环形边缘将被完全封闭成闭合状态,封闭体173围绕并压缩环形边缘的组织,如图23所示。一旦达到左心耳的封闭状态,可以分离组织连接体158,并收回用于封闭一体内腔体的该装置150。与使封闭体173和细长推动杆174沿远端方向前进相反,另外一个方法可通过使组织连接体158沿近端方向收回进入细长轴151的远端154将它们拉紧在一起。以此方式,左心耳的环形边缘在细长轴151的远端154中被拉紧成闭合状态,在该位置,可通过各种方法例如缝合术、组织接合、应用合适的生物适应性的粘合剂、手术钩环等等将环形边缘固定成闭合状态。
参见图24和25,示出了按照本发明的闭塞装置10的另一实施例。  闭塞装置10包括一闭塞体11,闭塞体11包括一框架14和一阻挡层15。在该示出的实施例中,框架14包括多个沿径向向外延伸的辐条17,每个辐条具有距毂16大约0.5厘米至大约2厘米范围内的长度。在一个实施例中,诸辐条具有大约1.5厘米的轴向长度。依据收合的闭塞装置10的所需的引入的剖面形状,以及展开装置中的结构强度需要,可以利用大约3个辐条至大约40个辐条范围中的任何数目的辐条。在某些实施例中,利用了大约12至大约24个辐条,在一个实施例中利用了18个辐条。
诸辐条从大致轴向的延伸位置是前进以便安装在一管形的引入导管中,以在从导管中展开之后至一径向倾斜方向,如图24和25所示。在自我扩张的实施例中,在从导管展开之后,诸辐条沿径向向外偏斜,以致闭塞体在其自身的偏压之下扩展至其扩大的植入截面(implantation cross-section)。另外,可使用多种放大结构例如可膨胀的气囊来扩张闭塞体。
较佳地,诸辐条包括一金属例如可由本领域的技术人员通过常规试验确定的不锈钢、镍钛诺(Nitinol)、埃尔基洛伊耐蚀游丝合金或其他金属。依据制造技术,可利用具有圆形或矩形截面的金属丝。在一个实施例中,例如从管状材料通过激光切削技术来切削矩形截面的辐条,其一部分形成毂16。
阻挡层15包括便于细胞向内长的多种材料的任一种,例如ePTFE。本领域的技术人员可通过常规的试验来确定用于阻挡层15的其他材料的合适程度。阻挡层15可设置在闭塞体的任一侧或两侧上。在一个实施例中,阻挡层15包括两层,各层分别位于框架14的每一侧上。这两层能够以多种方式的任一种围绕辐条17粘结在一起,例如通过带有或不带有中间粘合层例如聚乙烯或氟化乙丙烯(FEP)的热熔接、粘合剂、缝合术或其他技术,鉴于在此的公开,这些技术对于本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的。阻挡层15较佳地具有仅为0.003英寸的厚度和大约5微米至大约60微米范围内的一孔隙度。
较佳地,在一个实施例中阻挡层15被牢固地连接于框架14并保持足够的孔隙度以便于细胞向内长和/或连接。制造合适的合成隔膜阻挡层的一个方法示出在图36-39中。如图36示意地所示,一粘合层254较佳地包括网状物或其他多孔结构,该网状物或多孔结构具有处于大约10%至90%范围内的开放的表面区域。较佳地,网状物的开放表面区域处在大约30%至大约60%的范围内。粘合层254的开口或细孔的尺寸较佳地处在大约0.005至0.050英寸的范围内,在一个实施例中,该尺寸为大约0.020英寸。粘合层254的厚度的变化范围较大,一般处在大约0.0005至0.005英寸的范围内。在一个较佳的实施例中,粘合层254具有大约0.001至0.002英寸的厚度。合适的聚乙烯粘合网状物可从Smith and Nephew得到,其代码为SN9。
参见图37,粘合层254较佳地被放置成邻近一辐条或其他框架体14的一侧或两侧。而后粘合层254和框架14的诸层被定位在第一隔膜250和第二隔膜252之间以提供组合的隔膜叠层。依据想要得到的功能,第一隔膜250和第二隔膜252可包括广泛的材料和厚度的任何一种。一般来说,隔膜具有大约0.0005至0.010英寸范围内的厚度。在一个实施例中,隔膜250和252各具有大约从0.001至0.002英寸的一厚度,并包括具有从大约10微米至100微米范围内的孔隙度的多孔的ePTFE。
该组合的叠层被加热至大约200°至大约300°,并在压力下持续大约1到5分钟,以提供带有埋置的框架14的一制成的组合式隔膜组件,如图38示意地所示。最终的组合隔膜具有处在大约0.001至0.010英寸范围内的厚度,较佳地,是大约0.002至0.003英寸的厚度。但是,依据粘合层254、第一层250和第二层252的材料,上述的厚度和工艺参数可有很大的变化。
如图39所示的俯视图,所得到的制成的组合隔膜具有适于细胞连接和/或向内生长的多个“未粘结”的窗口或区域256。连接区域256被框架14的支柱以及由粘结层254形成的交叉孔口图形所界定。在该示出的实施例中,粘结层154的长丝相对框架14的支柱被定位成非平行的关系,具体讲,相对支柱的纵向轴线处于大约15°至大约85°的范围内的一个角度。较佳地,形成规则的窗口256图形。
上述的过程允许粘结网层流入到第一和第二隔膜250和252中并使组合隔膜15具有比不带有粘结网层的组成部分更高的强度(拉伸和撕扯强度)。该组合允许一致的粘结并保持隔膜15的孔隙度,以便于组织连接。通过使热塑粘合层流入到外网层250和252的诸小孔中,保持了组合物的柔韧性并可使总的组合层厚度降至最小。
该闭塞装置10还设置有膨胀体或稳定体194。稳定体194沿轴线与闭塞体11分隔开。在所示的实施例中,标出远端190和近端192作为参考。近端或远端的标示并非指示任何具体的解剖学位置或展开导管(deploymentcatheter)中的展开位置。如图24和25所示,稳定体194在远端与闭塞体11分隔开。
为了使用在左心耳中,闭塞体11具有处在大约1至5厘米范围内的一扩张后的直径,在一个实施例中,该直径为大约3厘米。闭塞体11在张开的、未受应力的位置从远端192至近近端毂16的轴向长度是大约1厘米的数量级。闭塞装置10从远端192至近端190的总长度处在大约1.5至4厘米的范围内,在一个实施例中,总长度是大约2.5厘米。稳定体194在远端毂191和近端毂16之间的轴向长度处在大约0.5至2厘米的范围内,在一个实施例中,该长度为大约1厘米。稳定体194的张开的直径处在大约0.5至2.5厘米的范围内,在一个实施例中,该直径为大约1.4厘米。远端毂191和近端毂16的外直径为大约2.5毫米。
较佳地,闭塞装置10设置有用于将该装置保持在左心耳或其他体内腔体中的一个或多个保持结构。在所示的实施例中,设置有用于接合相邻组织的多个倒刺或其它锚195,用于接合邻近组织以将闭塞装置10保持在其植入的位置并限制组织和闭塞装置之间的相对运动。所示的锚设置在一个或多个辐条17上,或者设置在框架14的其他部分上。较佳地,每个辐条、每隔一个辐条或每隔两个辐条各设置有一个或两个锚。所示的锚是倒刺的形式,以延伸进入到左心耳的开口处或邻近处的组织中。
一个或多个锚195也可以设置在稳定体194上,由此它不但有助于定向闭塞装置10和抵抗左心耳的压缩,还有助于将闭塞装置10保持在左心耳中。多种结构的任一种可作为锚195被利用在闭塞体11上或稳定体194上或者两者上面,例如钩子、倒刺、针、缝、粘结剂或鉴于在此的公开对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的其他结构。
在使用中,闭塞装置10被较佳地定位在需要阻塞的管形解剖学结构例如左心耳中,致使闭塞体11被定位成横越左心耳的开口或邻近该开口,稳定体194被定位在左心耳中。稳定体194有助于正确的定位和定向闭塞体11,以及在闭塞体11的后面抵抗左心耳的压缩。本发明的发明人已发现,在不带有抵抗左心耳压缩的稳定体194或其他膨胀结构的闭塞体11展开之后,心脏的正常运作会导致左心耳的压缩和所引起的容量变化,由此迫使流体通过闭塞体11,限制或妨碍了完全的密封。其尺寸能够防止左心耳的收缩或抽吸并由此使泄漏降到最小的稳定体194的设置、以及倒刺的设置便于内皮愈合或越过闭塞体11的其他细胞生长。
为此目的,稳定体194可较佳地在用于进入到左心耳中的一缩小截面的形状和如图所示以填充或基本填充通过左心耳的截面的放大的截面位置之间活动。该稳定体可扩大至比解剖腔体更大的截面,以确保紧密的适配并使压缩的可能性降至最小。一个方便的结构具有响应远端毂191向着近端毂16的轴向压缩可沿径向向外扩张的多个部分196。诸部分196各包括被弯曲部200连接的一远段198和一近段202。诸部分196可设置有沿径向放大定位方向的偏斜,如图25所示,或者可通过施加一扩张力例如位于远端毂191和近端毂16之间的一轴向压缩力或例如通过可膨胀的气囊施加的一径向扩张力而沿径向扩展开。通过激光切削用来构造远端毂191、近端毂16和框架14的相同管材可方便地形成诸部分196,考虑到在此的公开,这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。另外,闭塞装置10的各种组成部分可单独地构造,或者构造成子配件并在制造过程中固定在一起。
作为用于在此揭示的任一种闭塞装置的植入步骤,不透射线的染料或其他可视化的媒介可被引入到闭塞装置的一侧或另一侧上,以使通过该闭塞装置的逃逸的血液或其他流体变得可视。例如,在左心耳应用的范围,该闭塞装置可设置有允许从展开导管通过该闭塞装置引入可视化的染料并使其进入到闭塞装置的远端侧的截留空间中的毛细管或小孔。另外,通过从展开导管使小型测量针向前移动通过闭塞装置上的阻挡层15以引入染料,可将染料引入到闭塞装置的远端侧的截留空间。
闭塞装置10的又一实施例示出在图26-27中。该闭塞装置包括如同前面实施例中的一闭塞体11和一稳定体194。但是,在本实施例中,每个远段198沿近端方向径向地向外倾斜并终止成近端204。近端204可设置有不致外伤的结构,用以推压而不是刺入左心耳或其他管形人体结构的壁。较佳地设置三个或多个远段198,一般可以使用大约6到20个远段198。在一个实施例中,设置了9个远段198。在该实施例中,其中3个远段198具有大约5毫米的轴向长度,其中6个远段198具有大约1厘米的轴向长度。使远段198的长度参差不齐可以轴向延长在左心耳中近端204给闭塞装置提供锚定支承的区域。
示出在图26和27中的闭塞装置10还设置有活动关节206以使闭塞体11的纵向轴线相对稳定体194的纵向轴线倾斜地定位。在所示的实施例中,活动关节206是螺旋形的弹簧,尽管也可以利用多种活动关节结构的任何一种。通过在形成闭塞装置10的基本结构部分的管子的一段上激光切削螺旋形的槽可方便地形成所示的实施例。在活动关节206的远端,环形带208将活动关节206连接在多个轴向延伸的支柱210上。在所示的实施例中,设置了围绕主干的外周等边分布的三个轴向支柱210。轴向支柱210是用最初管材的壁的一部分形成的,在例如通过激光切削管形壁形成远段198之后,形成轴向支柱210的该部分留在它的最初的轴向位置。
闭塞体11设置有位于每个辐条17上的一近端区域212。近端区域212具有增强的柔韧度,以适应闭塞体11和左心耳的壁之间的配合。通过降低每个辐条17的截面区域,或者通过形成图示的波动图案增加每个辐条的长度,可形成近端区域212。
每个辐条17终止成近端点214。近端点214可容纳在阻挡层15的层中,或者可以延伸通过或伸出阻挡层15以接合相邻的组织并助于将闭塞装置10保持在展开位置。
参见图28和29,提供了示出在图24和25中的闭塞装置10的另一变型。该闭塞装置10设置有位于闭塞体11上的近端表面216,而不是图24和25的实施例中的开放并向近端凹入的表面。近端表面216是通过提供在顶点220连接于远端辐条17的近端辐条218形成的。每一近端辐条218都连接于闭塞装置10的近端192处的毂222。阻挡层15可围绕闭塞体11上的近端表面或远端表面或两个表面。简言之,设置通过顶点220连接于远端辐条17的近端辐条218比单独的远端辐条17提供了更大的径向力,在闭塞体11被定位在左心耳中时,这能够提供增大的抵抗压缩的力。
参见图30-35,示出了按照本发明的闭塞装置的另一实施例。总体上,闭塞装置10包括一闭塞体,但不具有明显的示出在前面实施例中的稳定体。前面公开的任何实施例都可以仅使用闭塞体来构造,而略去稳定体,鉴于在此的公开,这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
该闭塞装置10包括一近端192、一远端190、以及在其间延伸的一纵向轴线。多个支承体228在近端毂222和远端毂191之间延伸。设置至少两个或三个支承体228,较佳地设置至少六个。在一个实施例中,设置了八个支承体228。但是,不脱离本发明,依据闭塞装置10的所需的物理特性,可以改变支承体228的确切数目,鉴于在此的公开,这对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
如已进行的讨论,每个支承体228包括一近端辐条部分218、一远端辐条部分217、以及一顶点220。但是,每个近端辐条218、远端辐条17和顶点220可以是一体的支承体228上的一个区域,例如以总体弯曲的结构延伸的一连续的肋条或框架,如图所示带有面向闭塞装置10的纵向轴线的凹状。因此,不存在如公开在前面实施例中的必须设置的位于顶点220处的明显的点或活动关节,在前面的实施例中具有位于近端辐条218和远端辐条17之间的一铰接连接。
至少某些支承体228,并且较佳地,每个支承体228设置有一个或多个倒刺195。在所示的结构中,闭塞装置10处在其放大的位置,例如用来闭塞左心耳或其他腔体或腔室。在该位置,每个倒刺195从纵向轴线大致沿径向向外突出,并沿近端方向倾斜。在倒刺195和相应的支承体228是从单个条状物、片状物或管材切出的实施例中,倒刺195以与支承体228所形成的曲线大致相切地沿径向向外倾斜。
能够以多种方式来构造示出在图30中的闭塞装置10,鉴于在此的公开,这对于本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的。在一个较佳的方法中,闭塞装置10是通过激光切削一段管材以提供位于相邻支承体228之间的多个轴向延伸的槽来构造的。相似地,每个倒刺195可以是从相应的支承体228上激光切削出,或从相邻的支承体228中间的空间我切削出。分离相邻支承体228的大致轴向延伸的槽相距近端192和远端190有足够的距离以留出连接每个支承体228的近端毂222和远端毂191。以此方式,可形成一体的笼状结构。另外,笼状结构的每个组成部分也可以单独地形成并通过焊接、热熔合、粘合以及本领域中众所周知的其他紧固技术连接在一起。制造闭塞装置10的另一方法是在合适材料的平片状物上激光切削出槽的样式,该合适材料可以是柔软的金属或聚合物,这已在前面的实施例中讨论过。此后围绕一轴线卷绕该平片并将相对的边缘连接在一起以形成管状结构。
承载倒刺195的顶点部分220可以从每个支承体228基本平行于纵向轴线延伸的低外形位置前进至如图所示的植入位置,在植入位置,顶点220和倒刺195并定位成从纵向轴线沿径向向外延伸。支承体228可以向着放大的位置偏斜,或者在以多种方式定位在管形的解剖学结构中以后前进至放大的位置。例如,参见图32,一可膨胀的气囊230被定位在闭塞装置10中。可膨胀的气囊230通过可拆卸的连接体232连接在充气导管234上。充气导管234设置有用以在病人体外的充气媒质源236和气囊230之间形成连通的充气内腔。在定位到目标体腔之后,气囊230膨胀,由此使倒刺195接合周围的组织。此后移开充气导管234,通过拆开可拆卸的连接体232,充气导管234被移开。
在另一实施例中,支承体228通过使用展开导管238沿径向被扩大。展开导管238包括用以活动地接纳展开线240的一内腔。展开线240延伸成通过活结242形成的线圈244。从图33中可清楚地看出,展开线240向着近端方向的收回将致使远端毂191向着近端毂222被拉动,由此径向地扩大闭塞装置10的截面区域。依据用作闭塞体10的材料,支承体228将通过弹性变形保持沿径向扩大的位置,或者在沿径向充分扩大的位置通过将活结242不可移动地固定在展开线240上来保持该扩大位置。这可通过多种方式的任一种来完成,例如使用附加的结头、夹子、粘合剂、或本领域中已知的其他技术。
参见图34A和34B,闭塞装置10可设置有阻挡层15,例如在前面讨论过的网层或织物。阻挡层15可以仅设置在一个半球例如近端表面216上,或者可由从近端192至远端190的整个闭塞装置10来承载。该阻挡层可以固定在支承体228的沿径向面向内的表面上,如图34B所示,或者可以设置在支承体228的沿径向面向外的表面上,或者设置在这两个表面上。
闭塞装置10的另一实施例示出在图35中,其中顶部220沿轴向是细长的以提供位于闭塞装置10和管形结构的壁之间的附加接触区域。在该实施例中,依据所需的临床特性,一个或两个或三个或更多的锚195设置在每个支承体228上。示出在图35中的闭塞装置也可以设置有在此讨论的多个其他特征的任一个,例如局部或完全的阻挡层15的遮蔽物。此外,示出在图35中的闭塞装置也可使用在本文中其他部分讨论的技术来扩张。
尽管已描述了本发明的具体形式,但是显然,不脱离本发明的精神和范围可进行各种改型。因此,除了被所附权利要求书限制之外,本发明并不受此限。

Claims (60)

1.用于植入体内的管状结构中的一闭塞装置,它包括:
能够从缩小的截面扩张至扩大的截面的一闭塞体;以及
能够从缩小的截面扩张至扩大截面的一稳定体。
2.如权利要求1所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:稳定体的扩大的截面比闭塞体的扩大的截面小。
3.如权利要求1所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于闭塞体和稳定体之间的一个毂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该闭塞体包括一个可扩张的框架。
5.如权利要求4所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该框架包括至少两个辐条。
6.如权利要求5所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:至少一个辐条具有第一端和第二端,并且第一端连接在毂上。
7.如权利要求1所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该稳定体包括可从稳定体处在缩小的截面时的轴向位置移动至稳定体处在扩大的截面时的倾斜位置的至少两个部分。
8.如权利要求7所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:每个部分包括一近端部分、一远端部分、以及在稳定体处在扩大的截面时位于近端部分和远端部分之间的弯曲部。
9.如权利要求7所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该部分包括金属丝。
10.如权利要求7所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该部分是从管子上切出的。
11.如权利要求1所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于闭塞体或稳定体或两者上的至少一个组织连接体。
12.如权利要求11所述的一闭塞装置,其特征在于:该组织连接结构包括一组织刺入部分。
13.制造闭塞装置的一种方法,它包括以下步骤:
提供具有第一端、第二端和一纵向轴线的一个管子;
在管子上的第一位置处形成多个轴向延伸的槽以产生第一多个纵向部分;以及
在管子上的第二位置处形成第二多个轴向延伸的槽以产生第二多个纵向部分。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于还包括该步骤:在第一和第二多个部分中的至少一个上面设置沿径向指向外的偏斜。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于还包括该步骤:将隔膜或网层连接在第一和第二多个部分中的至少一个上面。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于还包括该步骤:提供位于第一和第二多个部分之间的管子上的一活动关节。
17.如权利要求16所述的一种方法,其特征在于:设置活动关节的步骤包括在管子中设置一螺旋形的切口。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:形成步骤包括用激光或蚀刻切削。
19.用于闭塞一中空的体内结构的一闭塞装置,它包括:
一近端、一远端、以及从中延伸的一纵向轴线;
在近端和远端之间延伸的至少三个支承体;
每个支承体包括可从第一位置移动至第二位置的一细长的柔软部分,在第一位置,该部分仅以距该轴线的第一距离与该轴线相基本平行地延伸,在第二位置,该部分的至少一部分相对该轴线是倾斜的并以距该轴线大于第一距离的至少第二距离分隔开。
20.如权利要求19所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:包括至少五个支承体。
21.如权利要求19所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于近端的一近端毂和位于远端的一远端毂。
22.如权利要求21所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:诸支承体和近端毂和远端毂是用一个管子形成的。
23.如权利要求21所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:诸支承体和近端毂和远端毂是用片状材料形成的。
24.如权利要求19所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于每个支承体上的至少一个倒刺。
25.如权利要求20所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于至少两个支承体中的每一个上面的至少一个倒刺。
26.如权利要求19所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括由支承体承载的一阻挡层。
27.用于植入体内的一管状结构中的一闭塞装置,它包括:
包括可从缩小的截面移动至扩大的截面的至少三个辐条的一闭塞体,诸辐条可从该闭塞体处于缩小截面时的轴向位置移动至闭塞体处于扩大截面时的倾斜位置。
28.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于闭塞体上用于保持辐条的至少一个毂。
29.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:闭塞体包括至少八个辐条。
30.如权利要求28所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:至少一个辐条具有第一端和第二端,并且第一端连接在该毂上。
31.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:每个辐条包括一近端部分、一远端部分、以及在闭塞体处在扩大的截面时位于近端部分和远端部分之间的弯曲部。
32.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:诸辐条包括金属丝。
33.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:诸辐条是从管子上切出的。
34.如权利要求27所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:还包括位于闭塞体上的至少一个组织连接体。
35.如权利要求34所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:该组织连接结构包括一组织刺入部分。
36.如权利要求35所述的闭塞装置,其特征在于:包括位于每个辐条上的至少一个倒刺。
37.用以防止栓塞材料通过病人左心耳的一装置,它包括:
(a)具有外周缘的一闭塞体,外周缘围绕闭塞体而设置并被构制成用来接合病人左心耳的表面;以及
(b)用来将闭塞体的外周缘固定在左心耳的表面上的装置。
38.如权利要求37所述的装置,其特征在于:用来将闭塞体的外周缘固定在病人的左心耳的表面上的该装置包括与外周缘和左心耳的表面的至少一部分相接触的一连接装置。
39.如权利要求37所述的装置,其特征在于:用来将闭塞体的外周缘固定在病人的左心耳的表面上的该装置包括固定在闭塞体上的一保持体。
40.用来防止栓塞材料通过一体内腔体或通道的一种装置,它包括:
(a)一闭塞体;以及
(b)固定在闭塞体上并被构制成接合一体内腔体或通道的内表面的一保持体。
41.如权利要求40所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该保持体是可扩张的部分,它被构制成在扩张状态时接合体内腔体的内表面。
42.如权利要求41所述的一种装置,其特征在于:保持体被构制成接合病人的左心耳的内表面。
43.如权利要求42所述的一种装置,其特征在于:可扩张体是由可扩张的圆筒形金属丝结构组成的。
44.如权利要求43所述的一种装置,其特征在于:可扩张体是由能够从受约束状态扩张的连接的金属部分组成的。
45.如权利要求44所述的一种装置,其特征在于:可扩张体是从受约束的状态自我扩张的。
46.如权利要求44所述的一种装置,其特征在于:连接的金属部分是由假弹性合金构成的。
47.如权利要求46所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该假弹性合金是NiTi。
48.如权利要求43所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该保持体还包括围绕可扩张体设置并固定在其上的一外部护套。
49.如权利要求48所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该外部护套是由聚合物网层构成的。
50.如权利要求48所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该外部护套是由聚四氟乙烯构成的。
51.如权利要求40所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该闭塞体具有1厘米到3厘米的横向尺寸。
52.如权利要求40所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该保持体具有1厘米到5厘米的长度。
53.如权利要求40所述的一种装置,其特征在于:还包括围绕被构制成密封地接合病人的左心耳的内表面的闭塞体设置的一外周缘。
54.如权利要求53所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该外周缘具有处于放松结构的一环形形状。
55.如权利要求53所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该外周缘由柔软的聚合物构成。
56.如权利要求40所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该闭塞体被构制成接合病人左心耳的内表面,该保持体包括具有至少一个径向延伸部分的一根轴,该径向延伸部分从轴上沿径向延伸并被构制成接合病人的左心耳的内表面以限制固定在此的闭塞体的轴向运动。
57.如权利要求56所述的一种装置,其特征在于:至少一个径向延伸部分是由NiTi假弹性合金构成的。
58.如权利要求56所述的一种装置,其特征在于:该闭塞体包括罩有聚合网层的一框架结构,该聚合网层被构制成防止栓塞材料的通过。
59.用于闭塞病人的一体内腔体的一种装置包括被构制成至少部分填充病人的左心耳的一个闭塞体。
60.如权利要求59所述的装置,其特征在于:该闭塞体包括一可膨胀的部分。
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US11173023B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2021-11-16 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Medical devices and anchors therefor
CN110313945B (zh) * 2018-03-28 2021-09-28 上海微创医疗器械(集团)有限公司 一种封堵装置及其制备方法
CN110313945A (zh) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-11 上海微创医疗器械(集团)有限公司 一种封堵装置及其制备方法
CN110960279A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2020-04-07 上海微创医疗器械(集团)有限公司 左心耳封堵器及左心耳封堵系统
CN110960279B (zh) * 2018-09-29 2023-06-16 上海佐心医疗科技有限公司 左心耳封堵器及左心耳封堵系统
CN113164173A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2021-07-23 波士顿科学医学有限公司 带密封囊袋的左心耳植入物
CN114258290A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2022-03-29 附加医疗有限公司 左心耳操纵
CN112155813A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-01 北京华医圣杰科技有限公司 心室减容装置
CN112155813B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2024-04-23 北京华医圣杰科技有限公司 心室减容装置
CN112120751A (zh) * 2020-10-22 2020-12-25 于洪波 一种医疗手术用介入式血管止血装置

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CN100394895C (zh) 2008-06-18
CA2349667C (en) 2006-05-16
US6152144A (en) 2000-11-28
EP1135068A4 (en) 2006-07-12
HK1045452B (zh) 2009-03-27
EP1135068A1 (en) 2001-09-26
ATE512630T1 (de) 2011-07-15
AU771096B2 (en) 2004-03-11
ES2367414T3 (es) 2011-11-03
CA2349667A1 (en) 2000-05-18
HK1045452A1 (en) 2002-11-29
EP1135068B1 (en) 2011-06-15
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WO2000027292A9 (en) 2000-09-28
WO2000027292A1 (en) 2000-05-18

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