CN1306317C

CN1306317C - Display with multiple view angle

Info

Publication number: CN1306317C
Application number: CNB2004101005032A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·J·蒙特格米里; J·马色; A·M·S·贾克布斯; G·布西尔; G·R·琼斯
Original assignee: Sharp Corp
Current assignee: Sharp Corp
Priority date: 2003-08-30
Filing date: 2004-08-30
Publication date: 2007-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2024-08-30
Also published as: JP4404311B2; CN1607418A; GB2405543A; KR20050022954A; JP2005078091A; KR100651099B1; GB0320362D0

Abstract

A multiple view directional display, suitable for an autostereoscopic or dual view system, comprises a parallax optic 3, a pixellated image display layer 4 such as a liquid crystal display ( LCD) and an imaging means 29. Imaging means 29 may be an lenticular screen, formed from holographic optical elements, or any convergent diffractive or refractive microstructures, such as fresnel lenses. Imaging means or lenticular 29 forms an image 30 of the parallax optic 3 or the display layer 4. The image may be formed so that the separation S' between the image and either the display layer 4 or the parallax optic 3 is less than the separation S between the display layer 4 and parallax barrier, as shown in Figure 5. In a further embodiment the image separation S' may be greater than the parallax to display separation S, as shown in Figure 7(G). These different arrangements allow the angular separation between viewing windows 13, 14 to be increased or decreased. Alternatively, the image produced may have a pitch equal to that of the parallax barrier or display element. The device may comprise a substrate with parallax optic and lens array on either side.

Description

A kind of display with multiple view angle

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of display with multiple view angle.This bearing meter can show two width of cloth or several pictures simultaneously, and wherein each picture is shown on the different directions.The present invention also relates to a kind of double vision angle display and a kind of automatic stereoscopic display device, it merges a display with multiple view angle.

Background technology

Strakes has described the summary principle of display with multiple view angle in " Int.J.Virtual Reality " Vol.1 No.2 (1995), the textural association design drawing of conventional display with multiple view angle 1 has been shown among Fig. 1.Display 1 among Fig. 1 comprises image display 2 and parallax mirror 3.This image display 2 comprises the pixel-level image display layer 4 that is placed between the first and second smooth conductive substrate 5,6.This Pixel-level display layer 4 may be, such as a kind of liquid crystal layer, and can carry out addressing by any one routine techniques and show two width of cloth or more interlacing interlaced video.Fig. 1 shows the image that two width of cloth show on display layer 4, this two width of cloth image is shown on the staggered pixel column; Piece image is presented on pixel column C1, C3, the C5, and second width of cloth image is presented on pixel column C2, C4, the C6.(pixel column extends into paper plane).This image display is illuminated by the light 7 that the light source (not shown) sends.Light source can be any suitable light source, for example, has the conforming scattering source of low

spatial.Device

8 and 9 is linear polarization mirrors.

The parallax mirror 3 of display with multiple view angle 1 act as two width of cloth or the multiple image that separation shows on image display layer 4, every like this width of cloth image all is shown on different directions.The parallax mirror is formed by parallax barrier in Fig. 1 the inside, and this parallax barrier comprises a plurality of by opaque regional 11 separated transparent slits 10.This transparent slit 10 is stretched on the pixel column (therefore in Fig. 1 vertical stretching to paper plane) concurrently.Parallax barrier can be mounted on the transparent substrates 12, is used to provide physical support.

As shown in Figure 1, because the separation of images effect of parallax barrier has been set up two forms 13,14.On first form 13, the image that shows on pixel column C1, C3, C5 is visible, and the image that shows on pixel column C2, C4, C6 is sightless, and this is because the zone of opacity 11 on the parallax barrier has stoped light to see through those pixel columns on the direction of first form; On the contrary, on second form 14, the image that shows on pixel column C2, C4, C6 is visible, and the image that shows on pixel column C1, C3, C5 is sightless, and this is because the zone of opacity 11 on the parallax barrier 3 has stoped light to see through those pixel columns on the direction of second form.

Fig. 1 has shown the display with multiple view angle that is combined in the automatic stereoscopic display device.When using, the position that the observer will adjust them makes their right eye second form 14 that just in time aligns, and the left eye that makes them is just in time with first align to view---so these forms will be called " right form " and " left form " in Fig. 1.It is right to demonstrate stereo-picture on image display 1, and the image of right eye is presented on pixel column C2, C4, the C6, and the image of left eye is presented on pixel column C1, C3, the C5.The observer adjusts left eye and the right eye that the position makes them and just in time overlaps with left form and right form respectively, and left eye can be seen left-eye image like this, and right eye can be seen eye image, so the observer will experience 3-D view.

The parallax mirror that display among Fig. 1 is 1 li is parallax barrier, is made up of the transparent stripe of being separated by zone of opacity.As also having the parallax mirror of other types known to us in addition.Such as, be widely known by the people, also can use lens arra as the parallax mirror---lens arra generally includes a plurality of cylindrical lens, is used on the direction that the image orientation of zones of different on the Pixel-level display layer 4 is different to obtain directional effect.

Select as another kind, display with multiple view angle also can be combined in " two-sided " display.Display with double faces is used for showing that to an observer piece image shows the image that a width of cloth is different to the another one observer simultaneously.As an example, the display with double faces in automobile can be given driver's displayed map, gives passenger's display of television programmes or film simultaneously.The principle of display with double faces is put it briefly similar with the principle of automatic stereoscopic display device, but two width of cloth images that show on the image display layer of display with double faces will be images independently, rather than the left eye of stereo image pair and eye image.Further, because two width of cloth images that show on display with double faces are to want that the observer who is used for to different is being seen, the visual angle is apart from V (being the angular distance between the center of form separately of this two width of cloth image), for given viewing distance, the visual angle that requires display with double faces usually is apart from the visual angle distance greater than automatic stereoscopic display device.

The visual angle is in the heart angular distance in the form separately of two width of cloth images apart from V, therefore just the observer change between views different on the display and needs the angle that moves, and as for the various visual angles display of parallax barrier, the visual angle is apart from V for use parallax mirror, represent approximate being given with radian:

V＝np/s (1)

Wherein n for the refractive index of the material of isolating parallax barrier 3 and image display layer 4 (in Fig. 1, n is the refractive index of the rear portion transparent substrates 5 in the image display), p is the pel spacing of image display layer, and s is the separating distance between parallax barrier 3 and image display layer 4.For given picture quality (resolution), pel spacing p is a constant.The substrate of bearing meter 1 is made by glass usually, and for most commercial relevant glass of using, its refractive index basically can great changes have taken place.

A kind of method that increases the visual angle distance is to reduce the thickness of the rear portion substrate 5 of this image display, thereby has reduced the separating distance between parallax mirror 3 and the image display layer 4.Yet the thickness of substrate 5 can not significantly be reduced to is lower than 0.5mm, otherwise can be easy to damage, be difficult to make and enough support structure can not be provided.Therefore, the thickness that exists substantial difficulty to reduce rear portion substrate 5 enables to produce substantial visual angle increases.

Also exist some situations that need to reduce the visual angle distance in addition.Such as, when wanting observation display on very long viewing distance when, the visual angle of display distance may be greater than the visual angle distance of needs.Conventionally increase substrate thickness by using, the method that promptly increases s reduces the visual angle distance, but the remarkable like this weight that increases display.

Summary of the invention

First aspect of the present invention provides a kind of display with multiple view angle, comprises the parallax mirror; The pixel-level image display layer; And imaging device, be used for forming one of them image of parallax mirror and image display layer, so that parallax mirror and image display layer one of them image with the distance between the another one in parallax mirror and the image display layer less than or greater than the distance between parallax mirror and the image display layer, thereby increase or reduced angular distance between two forms that display produces respectively.

In display of the present invention, the visual angle is apart from passing through, on the one hand, and parallax mirror and the image display layer image on one of them, on the other hand, not imaging of the another one in parallax mirror and the image display layer, the distance decision between the two.By making this distance, just can increase the visual angle distance less than the distance between parallax mirror and the image display layer.The present invention does not need to reduce the thickness of any substrate in the display, so just can use abundant, firm in structure substrate.

The prior art display that much includes imaging device is arranged.But, the unpromising increase of prior art display visual angle apart from and use this imaging device to form image on parallax mirror or the video display board.

Described the lens in the lens combination itself as image segmentating device about the general prior art (such as the article of top Strake et al.) of lens in the bearing meter.In other words, these lens have been separated view and can be imaged onto in a plurality of windows more with overlapping pixel.Therefore, the feature of this lens arra is it and on the position of observer's eyes pixel heavily is imaged onto on the display surface.

Fig. 2 A is the structural design drawing of the bearing meter 15 of prior art, at EP-A-0 597 629 its description is arranged, and it combines imaging device LS1.In this existing display, two width of cloth interlacing interlaced videos are presented on the Pixel-level display board 16, and are separated by parallax mirror LS2.Display is illuminated by a switch lighting device 18, and the light that luminaire transmits is focused on the scatterer 17 by imaging device LS1, and, when this light from imaging device LS1 through scatterer on the time, by Pixel-level display board 16 modulation.Therefore, on this prior art display, imaging device LS1 produces the image of the switch lighting device 18 of being decayed in a large number on pixel plate.It is intended that guarantee from the expansion luminaire on the institute upload a little light can both correctly pass pixel and parallax mirror LS2.Imaging device LS1 is to increasing the visual angle apart from not contribution.

Fig. 2 B shows further prior art display 15, at EP-A-0 597 629 its description is arranged.It is equivalent to the display of Fig. 2 A substantially, except Pixel-level display board 16 is placed between switch lighting device 18 and the imaging device LS1.In this display, imaging device LS1 thinks highly of illumination and is imaged onto on the scattering surface, and it is again with changing the 3-D display that synchronous time sequencing display provides full resolution with luminaire.Lens arra LS2 is an image segmentating device.

Fig. 3 shows another prior art automatic stereoscopic display device, at EP-A-0 656 555 its description is arranged.This display is illuminated by an automatic three dimensional projecting unit 20 that has removable illuminator array.Image is projected onto on the double lens screen 21.Two lens arras 22,23 on the screen 21 have different focal lengths, and this lens screen 21 has changed the visual angle distance of projected image.In this prior art display, first lens screen produces the image of switch lighting device 18.This prior art display is only applicable to intraware and is full display different, projection type, and is not suitable for display littler, all-in-one-piece " desktop " or " direct viewing type " type.

Fig. 4 is the structural design drawing of prior art bearing meter 24 further, its type is at " Reduction of the Thickness of Lenticular Stereoscopic Display Using Full ColourLED Panel ", Proc, SPIE Vol.4660 is described by Yamamoto et al among the p236 (2002).This display 24 is an automatic stereoscopic display device, and two lens arras 25,26 have been placed in the front of the light-emitting diode display 27 of the very large placard size of portion within it.This display 27 has very big pel spacing and short viewing distance, therefore usually and be not suitable as the automatic stereoscopic display device that large-size screen monitors placard/adline is used, this is because of on required (very long) viewing distance, and the spacing between the image will be greater than the average headway between the human eye.For reducing the visual angle distance, first lens grid 25 dwindle the pixel on the display board 27, to form the shown image with much smaller pel spacing.Second lens board 26 separated two width of cloth interlacing interlaced videos on the led board, but, owing to reduced by the pel spacing on the led board of imaging, thereby reduced the visual angle distance, just observed person's left eye and right eye are observed more comfily arrives for this two width of cloth image like this.

US 2002/008096 has disclosed a kind of three dimensional display that is used for measurement volumes that uses multiple light courcess.Each light source is provided with a light-beam scanner, such as mirror, and the lenticule unit, produce three-dimensional image in the space of mobile image between observer and display on the light source.This display does not have the pixel-level image display layer.

At " Analysis of viewing parameters for two display methods based on integralphotography ", among the Applied Optics Vol.40 No.29 p5217 (2001), Park et al has revealed a kind of automatic stereoscopic display device that is operated on the integration image-forming principle.This principle comprises uses lens arra that the small images zone (lens are corresponding to a zone) on the display is imaged onto on the image plate between view and the display.Be integrated into picture and can consider to be used to have the various visual angles display of very high quantity view, wherein the distance between each view is less than the spacing of human eye.Its lens arra can be seen as and be a kind of parallax mirror, though these lens just with the pixel plate zone focusing to the plane of delineation between observer and the display, rather than focus on observer's the plane of delineation.But, the position of this image can't influence the visual angle of display.

JP-10 206 795 disclosed a kind of use lens arra as the parallax mirror to produce the automatic stereoscopic display device that two width of cloth show angular distance between view.Furthermore, this display comprises a parallax barrier, is used for the light of restricted passage lens arra, thereby reduces to crosstalk and help to form form.This parallax barrier and lens arra are approximately in the same plane.Lens arra also is an image segmentating device, and this parallax barrier reduces crosstalking of system by restriction rays pass through lens head.These lens are not to this parallax barrier or pixel reimaging (except pixel being imaged onto on the view plane as ordinary lens).

US-A-6 304 288 has disclosed a kind of automatic stereo display system that can be tracked, and it has two lens grid, a place ahead that is positioned at video display board, and another is positioned at the rear of video display board.Display is illuminated by an array of source, and the lens grid that are positioned at the video display board rear focus on the light source composition on the pixel plate.Lens grid in video display board the place ahead are created in the angular distance between two width of cloth images that show on the video display board.

US-A-6 061 179 has disclosed a kind of display that can switch between two dimensional mode and 3-D display pattern.In one embodiment, this display comprises a single matrix and single lens grid, and the switching between display mode makes it close by the mobile lens grid or finishes away from matrix.

US-A-5 682 215 has disclosed a kind of LCD panel with lens in the unit.These lens are used for light is led again, otherwise this part light will run into opaque assembly for example door or source line, improves the brightness of display board with this.This display is not a bearing meter.

EP-A-1 089 115 has disclosed a kind of outside lenticular liquid crystal cells that provides.This kind display is not a bearing meter, and this kind lenticule is not used for separating view.This kind display is more suitable for as the reflected displaying device that uses in the Projection Display.

EP-A-0 721 132 has disclosed a kind of automatic stereoscopic display device, and macroscopical lens head of portion and macroscopical projection lens form two window areas according to two light sources that send different polarization light and pixel-level image display layer within it.This image display layer is placed between macroscopical lens head and the projection lens.Pixel image is projected again by the lens screen.

Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of display with multiple view angle, comprises the parallax mirror; The pixel-level image display layer; And imaging device, be used for forming the image on this parallax mirror, so that the interval between the image of parallax mirror and image display layer less than or greater than the interval between parallax mirror and the image display layer, thereby increase or reduced angular distance between two width of cloth forms that this display produced respectively.

The 3rd aspect of the present invention provides a kind of display with multiple view angle, comprises the parallax mirror; The pixel-level image display layer; And an imaging device, be used for forming one of them image of parallax mirror and image display layer, so that the pel spacing of the image of parallax mirror or image display layer is equivalent to the pel spacing on parallax mirror or the image display layer substantially.

Display according to of the present invention second or the 3rd aspect both can be used to reduce also can be used to increase the visual angle distance.Say that especially when the observer wants under the situation of observation display on the display larger distance, it does not need to use very thick glass substrate just can reduce the visual angle distance.When display can not provide on the given viewing distance from another point of view under the situation of enough angular distance, these aspects of the present invention also can be used to increase the visual angle distance.

In according to the display aspect the 3rd, imaging device is used to produce the image of parallax mirror or image display layer, makes pel spacing on it can be equivalent to the pel spacing of parallax mirror or image display layer substantially.On the prior art display 24 in Fig. 4, the pel spacing of the image of Pixel-level display layer expressly done less than the pel spacing of this display layer to reduce the visual angle distance.Yet if the pel spacing of the image of parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer) is fundamentally different than the pel spacing of parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer), the visual attributes of this display such as resolution, just has been changed so.The pel spacing of image of therefore just wishing parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer) is identical or suitable with the pel spacing of parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer), because can make the present invention only other parts of display done to obtain realization under the minimum situation of changing like this.

Imaging device according to the display of first or second aspect can be used to produce the image of parallax mirror or image display layer, and makes its pel spacing identical substantially with the pel spacing of parallax mirror or image display layer.

Display according to the third aspect, imaging device can in use form the image of parallax mirror or image display layer, make parallax mirror and image display layer one of them image and parallax mirror and image display layer between the another one spacing less than or greater than the spacing between parallax mirror and the image display layer, thereby increase or reduce angular distance between two width of cloth forms that this display produces respectively.

This parallax mirror can be placed on this image display layer back, and this imaging device can be placed between this parallax mirror and the image display layer, in use, can form the image on the parallax mirror.Perhaps, the image display layer can be placed on the back of parallax mirror, and the imaging device can be placed between image display layer and the parallax mirror, in use, can form the image on the image display layer.

Term " back " and " front " refer to the order of the assembly that people are seen during observation display on the required observation place of this display as used herein.

Imaging device can be used to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer, and makes its width equal the width of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer substantially.This imaging device can be used to produce the unit amplification of parallax mirror or image display layer.

The another kind of selection, this imaging device can be used to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer, and make the width of its width greater than the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer.This imaging device can be used to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer, and make its width substantially integral multiple in the unit of parallax mirror or the width of the pixel of image display layer.This imaging device can be used to produce the non-unit amplification (amplifying greater than the unit) of parallax mirror or image display layer.

The another kind of selection, this imaging device can be used to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer, and make the pel spacing of its width less than parallax mirror or image display layer.It can be used to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer, and makes its width equal the width of pixel of the unit of parallax mirror or image display layer substantially divided by an integer.The non-unit that this imaging device can be used to produce parallax mirror or image display layer amplifies (less than amplifying or promptly dwindle in the unit).

This display can comprise shield assembly, is used for shielding the image of one or more unit of parallax mirror.This shield assembly can be used to stop, such as, the generation of second form.

This shield assembly is included in a large amount of zones of opacity that imaging device and parallax mirror or image display layer extend between one of them.This zone of opacity can make the unit of imaging device form the image of unit corresponding in parallax mirror or the image display layer, but has shielded the passage of light between the remaining element in the unit of this imaging device and parallax mirror or the image display layer.

This imaging device can have variable focal length, and this display can have the focal length that a controller is used for controlling this imaging device.

This display can comprise a scattering layer, and the position of this scattering layer can make the planes overlapping of the image of its image of just in time following the parallax mirror or image display layer.

In addition, this display can also comprise that first tracking means is to judge the distance between this display and the observer, controller wherein in use receives the output of this tracking means, thereby controls the focal length of imaging device based on the distance between this display and the observer.

This imaging device can have variable focal length and variable magnification, and this display can have focal length and the magnification of a controller to control this imaging device.

In addition, this display can also comprise a scattering layer.In the display that has the variable focal length imaging device, provide scattering layer can be used to produce a kind of like this display, the position that produces by this image of control wherein, thus the picture size of unit of the parallax mirror on this scattering layer or the Pixel Dimensions of image display layer controlled.So allow to change effective size of the image of the image of ground control parallax mirror unit or pixel.

This imaging device can comprise lens arra.

This imaging device can comprise that first and second can forbidden lens arra, and first lens arra is laterally placed with respect to second lens arra; And this display can comprise a controller, is used for enabling first lens arra or second lens arra one, forbids in first and second lens arras another simultaneously.

This imaging device can one of them carry out laterally moving with respect to parallax mirror and image display layer.

This display can comprise second tracking means, to determine the lateral attitude of observer with respect to display.In use, controller can receive the output of this second tracking means.Imaging device can be controlled based on the output of this second tracking means with respect to one of them lateral attitude of parallax mirror and image display layer.

This imaging device can with respect to parallax mirror and image display layer one of them and fix, and can with respect in parallax mirror and the image display layer another and move.This relatively moves may be laterally and/or vertically.This relatively moves and can control based on a kind of observer's tracking equipment horizontal and/or that vertically move of following the tracks of the observer of relative display.In this embodiment, this imaging device is fixed with respect to the position of the assembly of its imaging.For instance, in the embodiment of imaging device to the imaging of parallax mirror, the image of parallax mirror can be by controlling with respect to image display layer while mobile imaging device and parallax mirror with respect to the position of image display layer.

This display may further include the observer's who is used to differentiate this display device.

This imaging device is applicable to the image that produces parallax mirror or image display layer, has a transversal displacement at this this image with respect to image display layer or parallax mirror, thereby in use, this display demonstrates first and second images, and wherein the angular range of this first image is different from the angular range of this second image.

This imaging device can be a kind of asymmetrical imaging device.This is the another kind of method that is used to form first and second images with different angles scope.

Each unit of this imaging device can comprise the first with first focal length and the second portion of second focal length, and wherein second focal length is different from first focal length.This can produce two width of cloth images of parallax mirror or image display layer, and first and second images that cause having the different angles scope.

This imaging device can be configured to make that the image of parallax mirror or image display layer is the virtual image.

Parallax mirror or image display layer can produce with this imaging device cooperation has the parallax mirror of non-unified pel spacing or the image of image display layer.

Parallax mirror or image display layer can produce the image of parallax mirror or image display layer with the cooperation of this imaging device, this image be arranged in this parallax mirror and image display layer another to the opposition side of parallax barrier or image display layer.Such as, being positioned at the rear of image display layer in parallax barrier, and producing in the display of image of parallax barrier, the image of parallax barrier can be positioned at this image display layer to the opposition side of this parallax barrier.

Parallax mirror or image display layer can produce the image of this parallax mirror or image display layer with the imaging device cooperation outside display.

The 4th embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of display with multiple view angle, comprises that calibration is backlight; The pixel-level image display layer; And imaging device, the point that focuses on a plurality of horizontal separations backlight of the calibration that is used for hanging oneself in the future, each is described in described calibration between the backlight and image display layer.

This imaging device can be substantially on the plane of this image display layer to calibrating imaging backlight.Perhaps, this imaging device also can be at this on the plane between the backlight and image display layer, perhaps on this image display layer opposition side backlight to this this is calibrated imaging backlight.

This is backlight can be optionally operating in calibration calibration backlight or non-backlight on any.So just can allow to select for use directed display mode or two dimensional mode.

The 5th aspect of the present invention provides a kind of optical device, comprises the light conductive substrate, and its one side links to each other with the parallax mirror, and another side links to each other with lens arra.This parallax mirror can be built in the one side of substrate or adjacent with this face.This lens arra can be built in the another side of substrate or adjacent with this face.This substrate, this parallax mirror and this lens arra can be constructed to an integral unit.

Description of drawings

To by illustrative example the preferred embodiments of the present invention be described with reference to the accompanying drawing of following, wherein;

Fig. 1 is the structural design drawing of prior art display with multiple view angle;

Fig. 2 A and 2B show further prior art bearing meter;

Fig. 3 shows further prior art bearing meter;

Fig. 4 shows further prior art bearing meter;

Fig. 5 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 for example understands a kind of improvement of Fig. 5 display;

Fig. 7 A is a structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention to 7I;

Fig. 8 A is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the invention, and it has pancratic imaging device;

Fig. 8 B and 8C are the structural design sectional views according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 A is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the invention, and it has the system of many camera lenses;

Fig. 9 B is the structural design sectional view according to further embodiment of the present invention, and it has two lens arras that difference is controlled;

Fig. 9 C is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention, and it has a transversely movable parallax barrier or an imaging system;

Fig. 9 D is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention, and it has movably a parallax barrier and an imaging system;

Figure 10 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 13 A and 13B are the structural design sectional views according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 14 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the structural design sectional view according to the bearing meter of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 17 is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 18 is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 19 is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 20 for example understands and is applicable to the backlight of display of the present invention;

Figure 21 understands that for example another is applicable to the backlight of display of the present invention;

Figure 22 understands that for example another is applicable to the backlight of display of the present invention; And

Figure 23 understands that for example another is applicable to the backlight of display of the present invention.

Run through instructions and accompanying drawing, identical reference number is represented identical assembly.

Embodiment

Fig. 5 is the structural design sectional view according to the display with multiple view angle 28 of the first embodiment of the present invention; This display 28 comprises that comprises a pixel-level image display layer 4, such as, an image display 2 that is configured in the active matrix TFT liquid crystal display layer between the first and second smooth conductive substrate 5,6.This display 28 is illuminated by the light 7 that a light source (not shown) that is placed on this display back sends, and this image display layer can be any conduction display layer; This image display layer 4 is liquid crystal layers in this embodiment, and this display device 2 comprises first and

second polariscopes

8,9 that are placed on these image display layer both sides respectively.In addition, image-display units 2 also will comprise the device for addressing such as pixel electrode, switch element or the like, be used for address pixels to this liquid crystal layer, but these can be fully traditional, thereby saved in Fig. 5.

In addition, this display 28 also comprises a parallax mirror 3 that is placed on image-display units 2 back.In this embodiment, parallax mirror 3 is the parallax barrier with light conduction seam 10 of the paper plane of extend Fig. 5, and this parallax barrier is separated by opaque section 11.In the operation, the drive unit (not shown) drives this Pixel-level display layer 4 and shows two width of cloth interlacing interlaced videos, be presented as that in Fig. 5 pixel column C1, C3, C5 at interval is coated with shade and represents piece image, other pixel column C2, C4, C6 shadow-free are represented another width of cloth image (pixel column is extended in the paper plane of Fig. 5) simultaneously.This is that to be used to refer to piece image be to be presented on pixel column C1, C3, the C5, and second width of cloth image is to be presented on other pixel column C2, C4, the C6.Parallax barrier 3 produces the angular distance that is presented at this two width of cloth image on the image display layer 4, and therefore two forms are fabricated according to shown in Figure 5.Be presented at image on pixel column C1, C3, the C5 on form 13 as seen, thereby this window is filled out and is gray shade.Another width of cloth image is presented on pixel column C2, C4, the C6, on the form 14 on the right as seen.

Up to now, the structure of this display 28 is conventional structure.

Parallax barrier 3 be placed on the first smooth conductive substrate 12 and the second smooth conductive substrate 12 ' between.

Further comprise an imaging device according to display device of the present invention, be used for forming one of them image of parallax mirror 3 and image display layer 4.Grid display after this present invention is applied to one, wherein the parallax mirror is placed on the back of image-display units 2, and as the situation among Fig. 5, imaging device is placed between parallax mirror 3 and the image display layer 4 and forms the image of this parallax mirror 3.In Fig. 5, this imaging device is made up of a lens arra 29, and forms the image 30 of this parallax barrier 3.Each lens of lens arra 29 substantially extends parallel in the pixel column C1...C6 of image display layer 4.

Though Fig. 5 shows lens arra as imaging device, the present invention not merely is limited on the imaging device of this type.In principle, microstructure (such as, Fresnel lens) any convergence, diffraction or refraction all can be used to replace standard lens.This imaging device can also utilize the holographic optics unit to form.

Do not having under the situation of imaging device, the visual angle that display 28 forms among Fig. 5 is apart from will be by the refractive index decision of the material of the distance s between pel spacing p, image display layer 4 and the parallax mirror 3 of image display layer 4 and separate image display layer 4 and parallax mirror 3.According to the present invention, the generation type of the image 30 of this parallax mirror is, the spacing between the image 30 of image display layer 4 and this parallax mirror, in Fig. 5 with s ' expression, less than the spacing between this image display layer 4 and this parallax mirror 3:---that is to say s '＜s.The visual angle of display determines apart from image 30 and the spacing between the image display layer by the parallax mirror among Fig. 5, according to:

V＝np/s′ (2)

Wherein n is the refractive index (so in Fig. 5, n is the refractive index of substrate 5) of material of the image 30 of separate picture display layer 4 and parallax mirror, and p is the pel spacing of image display layer 4.

According to given equation (2), the thickness of this substrate 5 does not influence the visual angle distance.Therefore substrate 5 can be thicker relatively, so that enough structural strengths to be provided.

The position of the image 30 of parallax mirror by the focal length of the lens in this lens arra (perhaps more generally, imaging capability by this imaging device) decision, the spacing that also is decided by between parallax mirror 3 and this lens arra (perhaps, more generally, between this parallax mirror and this imaging device).Spacing between this imaging device and this parallax mirror by the substrate 12 that separates parallax mirror 3 and this imaging device ' the thickness decision.Thereby imaging capability that the image 30 of this parallax mirror can be by correspondingly selecting imaging device and the spacing between imaging device and the parallax mirror, and be placed on the plane of any desired axle perpendicular to this display.

It should be understood that the first smooth conductive substrate 12 shown in Fig. 5 is optional and can be left in the basket for the work of this display.Parallax mirror 3, the second smooth conductive substrate 12 ' and lens arra 29 preferably as an integral unit manufacturing.

Fig. 6 show display 28 according to further embodiment of the present invention ' the structural design sectional view.This embodiment is substantially similar to the embodiment of Fig. 5, will not repeat the detailed description of this embodiment at this.

In the display of Fig. 5, the image 30 of parallax mirror is formed on image display layer 4 to the same side of parallax mirror 10.The image 30 of this parallax mirror also can be formed on this image display layer 4 to the opposition side of this parallax mirror 10, and this is the situation of the display among Fig. 6.And then, the display 28 of Fig. 6 ' in, the imaging capability of imaging device (forming) and separate parallax mirror 3 and the substrate 12 of image display layer 4 by lens arra 29 ', 5 thickness be provided so that the image 30 of this parallax mirror be not be formed on display 28 ' inside, but be formed between this display and the observer.Visual spacing among this embodiment is still determined by the image 30 and the spacing between the image display layer 4 of this parallax mirror, still is expressed as s ' at this.If the position of the image 30 of this parallax mirror makes s '＜s, wherein s is the distance between image display layer 4 and the parallax mirror 3, and the embodiment among Fig. 6 will obtain the visual angle distance of an increase.Perhaps, if the position of the image 30 of this parallax mirror makes s '＞s, this embodiment can produce a visual angle distance that reduces.Thereby this can be used on when this display be used to need very big viewing distance application when requiring less visual angle distance, because very thick, the heavy glass substrate that the present invention has avoided prior art to use.

It should be noted that because the image of parallax mirror among Fig. 5 and 6 is formed on the opposition side of image display layer, the pixel column of this two width of cloth image to be distributed among this two width of cloth figure be different.Such as, the light that passes hypographous pixel hurdle C1 among Fig. 5, C3, C5 is directed to left side form 13, and pass the hypographous pixel hurdle C1 among Fig. 6, the light of C3, C5 is directed to right side form 14.Correspondingly, the left side form 13 among Fig. 5 has shade, and the right side form 14 among Fig. 6 has shade.

In the display in Fig. 5 and 6, imaging device is set to make the pel spacing of the image of parallax mirror to be equal to or to equal substantially the pel spacing of parallax mirror---therefore, in the image 30 of parallax mirror, the aperture 10 in the image 30 of parallax mirror ' between spacing b ' equal the spacing b of original parallax mirror 3 substantially.In addition, so the width approximately equal of the cell picture of this parallax mirror is in the width of this element---, the image 10 of grid among Fig. 5 and 6 seam ' width w ' approximately equal in the width w of the seam 10 that can transmit of this parallax barrier.But the present invention's image (the perhaps image of image display layer forms among the embodiment of image of this image display layer at imaging device) of being not limited to the parallax mirror is compared the display that is not significantly enlarged with original parallax mirror.Fig. 7 A is according to another display device 28 of the present invention " design profile figure, wherein the image of parallax mirror is compared with original parallax mirror and has been exaggerated (in this case, greater than one).

The display device 28 of Fig. 7 A " roughly corresponding to the display device 28 of Fig. 5, therefore will not be described in detail.But, at this display device 28 " in, the imaging device that still is lens arra 29 in this embodiment is to 3 imagings of parallax mirror, and makes the cell picture of this parallax mirror compare with original unit to be exaggerated.This amplifies by using lens arra 29 to obtain, and the focal length of this lens arra can make distance between the image 30 of this lens arra and this parallax mirror greater than the distance between this parallax mirror and this lens arra.Parallax mirror in the display shown in Fig. 7 A is the parallax barrier 3 that has by opaque regional 11 seams of being separated 10 that can transmit, though this embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this kind particular form of parallax mirror.

In more detail, the width w ' of the image 10 of the seam 10 that can transmit of parallax barrier is greater than the width w of the seam 10 that can transmit in the former parallax barrier 3.But the pel spacing b ' of the image 30 of this parallax barrier equal or approximately equal in the spacing b of former parallax barrier 3, because each lens segment can make its specific pinhole imaging system.The pel spacing of this lens arra preferably pel spacing b with this parallax barrier is identical.

In a special preferred version, the image 10 of parallax barrier seam ' width w ' approximately equal in the integral multiple of the width w of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier 3.In Fig. 7 A, the image 10 of transmission in the parallax barrier image 30 seam ' width w ' approximately double the width w of the transmission seam 10 in this parallax barrier 3, but any approximate integral multiple can both be used.Make the image 10 of transmission seam ' width w integral multiple mean that in the width w of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier time form 31 can be not overlapping with main viewfinder 13,14.Therefore the observer can " crosstalk and need not experience by observation display 28.Make the image 10 of transmission seam ' width w ' greater than, rather than integral multiple in, the width w of the transmission seam 10 of parallax barrier 3 can cause crosstalking.Such as, if the inferior form (with regard to automatic stereoscopic display device) that left-eye images forms and overlapping at the main viewfinder of right-eye image, the observer just will be exposed to some and crosstalk, because their right eye will be seen the potpourri of left eye and right-eye image.

But, in some applications, can use the non-multiple of transmission seam width to amplify, supposing crosstalks is lowered to an acceptable degree.

Fig. 7 B is a further display 28 " the structural design sectional view.It still roughly is similar to the display of Fig. 5 and 7A, therefore will not be described in detail.

The display 28 of Fig. 7 B " imaging device, it remains lens arra 29, produces the image 30 of the parallax mirror of this display.This parallax mirror still is a parallax barrier 3.Lens arra produces the image 30 of this parallax barrier, the image 10 of wherein transmission seam ' width w ' less than the width w of this transmission seam.In addition, the pel spacing b ' of this parallax barrier image is less than the pel spacing b of parallax barrier 3.That is to say that w '＜w and b '＜b stitches wide and pitch has all reduced same value.

The width w ' of the image 10 of the transmission of parallax barrier 3 seam is approximately half of width w in the slit 10 of parallax barrier 3 among Fig. 7 B.

Make the image 10 of this transmission seam ' width w ' mean that less than the width w of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier the spatial dimension of the image of the transmission seam in the parallax barrier 3 has been reduced, if the width of the pixel of image display layer 4 is less, if this will increase the brightness of this display---this slit is wideer than pixel aperture, light will be lost in the black marking of display layer, can allow more rays to pass through pixel so reduce the picture traverse w ' in slit 10.And usually, littler pixel aperture and grid seam can cause crosstalking reducing.In addition, if the image 10 of this transmission seam ' width w done smallerly, the diversity of light will increase, so the angular field of view of this display also can be done more.

Though imaging device can bring above-mentioned benefit with the enlargement factor generation parallax mirror image less than, simultaneously, a significant disadvantages is, because the pel spacing b ' of the image 30 of this parallax barrier also has been reduced, will produce the inferior form overlapping with main window, this will cause crosstalking.Such as, in Fig. 7 B, the image 10 ' a of the transmission of parallax barrier seam 10 produces a main viewfinder that is labeled as A.Adjacent image 10 ' the b of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier produces an inferior form that is labeled as B.As can be seen from Figure 7B, these two forms are overlapping, and the observer who is positioned at the overlapping region will experience and crosstalk.

Fig. 7 C is the structural design sectional view according to the display device 32 of further embodiment of the present invention.The display of Fig. 7 C roughly corresponding to the display of 7B and, especially, this imaging device (in this embodiment for lens arra 29) produces the enlargement factor that is similar to half, thereby the picture traverse of the unit of this parallax mirror is approximately half of cell width of this parallax mirror.This parallax mirror is represented as a parallax barrier with transmission seam 10 and opaque part 11 in Fig. 7 C; In the image 30 of this parallax barrier, the image 10 of transmission seam ' width w ' be approximately half of width w of the transmission seam 10 of parallax barrier 3.In Fig. 7 C, be equivalent to display 28 among Fig. 7 B " the unit of display will no longer describe.

In addition, the display 32 of Fig. 7 C also comprises the shield assembly that is used for shielding one or more unit in the parallax mirror.In the display 32 of Fig. 7 C, the partition image of transmission seam 10 in this shield assembly shielding parallax barrier 3.Thereby, the image 30 of this parallax barrier is by transmission region 10 ' form, width w ' the approximately equal of this transmission region 10 is in half of the width w of the transmission region 10 of this parallax barrier, and the pel spacing b ' of the image 30 of this parallax barrier equals or is approximately equal to the pel spacing b (w ' ≈ 1/2w, b ' ≈ b) of this parallax barrier itself.Because the image in this slit 10 ' and have a width less than the slit 10 of this parallax barrier, above-mentionedly also be suitable for display 32 among Fig. 7 C about the benefit that improves brightness among Fig. 7 B and improve the visual angle.But because the image 10 of transmission seam 10 ' pel spacing be equal to or approximately equal in the pel spacing of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier, so deleted inferior form, only kept

main viewfinder

13,14." crosstalking in the image that shows just has been eliminated the display 28 that is present among Fig. 7 B.Therefore, the display 32 among Fig. 7 C is particularly suitable for using as automatic stereoscopic display device, and wherein

main window

13,14 is separately corresponding to the form of left eye and right eye.

Shield assembly comprises a template type polariscope 33 and a template type half-wave damper 34 in Fig. 7 C.Shade direction in template type polariscope 33 and the

polariscope

8,9 has been indicated the direction of this polariscopic transmission axle, and in this embodiment, this polariscope is the linear polarization mirror.As can be seen, the transmission axle of the unit of template type polariscope 33 be set to alternately be parallel to or 90 ° in the transmission axle of the rear portion of image-display units 2 polariscope 8.That is to say, polariscopic its transmission axle of regional 33A of this template type that is positioned at transmission seam 10A back and rear portion polariscope 8 spool parallel, 90 ° of its transmission axles of regional 33B of slit 10B that cover this parallax barrier are in transmission axle of rear portion polariscope 8 or the like.

Regional 34A, the 34C of half-wave damping form template type half-wave damper 34 at interval by the regional 34B with zero damping.The regional 34A of each of this template type damper 34,34B, 34C roughly correspond respectively to the lens in this lens arra.The light that passes the central slit 10B of parallax barrier 3 in Fig. 7 C will pass through the middle part of rear portion polariscope 8---and it passes transmission axle and is the polariscopic part of template type of+45 °, this light passes through the zone of a zero damping, shines transmission axle then on+45 ° the polariscope 8.But, the light that passes through top or following slit 10A, 10C among Fig. 7 C by above the template type polariscope or following unit 33A, 33C-45 ° of polarization, pass through a zero damping zone then and be transmitted axle again and stop at+45 ° polariscope 8.Thereby each partition image in the slit of this parallax barrier also is blocked.

Fig. 7 D show according to another display 32 of the present invention '.It is similar to the display among Fig. 7 C substantially, therefore only describes the difference between two displays.

Display 32 among Fig. 7 D ' comprise that still is used for shielding a shield assembly of selecting the image of unit in the parallax mirror.This parallax mirror remains a parallax barrier, the effect of this shield assembly is, makes the image 30 of this parallax barrier comprise the slit 10 of this parallax barrier, width approximately for this reason the width in parallax barrier slit half image 10 ', and its pel spacing equals, and perhaps is approximately equal to the pel spacing of this parallax barrier.But, in the embodiment of Fig. 7 D, the image 10 in transparent slit ' the position can not produce main window, and produce the inferior form 35,36 on the left side and the right.The dark area 37 that can't see image is therein separated the inferior form on the left side and the right.Therefore the display 32 among Fig. 7 D ' be specially adapted to wants to be used for two different observers are shown the dual view display of two width of cloth independent images.When display 32 ' when being used as dual view display, an observer will be positioned at the inferior form 36 on the left side and will see piece image, and second observer inferior form 35 that will be positioned at the right also will be seen the image that a width of cloth is different simultaneously.The existence of central authorities' dark area can prevent that the observer from seeing incorrect image unintentionally when mobile or rotary head.

Fig. 7 D display 32 ' in shield assembly still have the template type linear polarization mirror 33 of orthogonal transmission axle by its inner zones of different, and template type half-wave damper 34 forms.This template type linear polarization mirror 33 is positioned on the path of transmission seam 10 that light passes through this parallax barrier, and this template type half-wave damper is in the adjacent position of polariscope 8.This shield assembly is operated on the mode of the shield assembly that is similar to Fig. 7 C.

Fig. 7 E is the structural design sectional view according to further display 28  of the present invention.This embodiment is equivalent to display 28  among Fig. 7 B substantially; Especially, this imaging device (being lens arra 29 in this embodiment) produces the image of parallax mirror, and wherein the pel spacing of the width of parallax unit and this parallax mirror is approximate has been reduced half.Display 28  among Fig. 7 E are similar to the display 28 among Fig. 7 B substantially ", at this wherein difference is only described.

Among display 28  among Fig. 7 E, the parallax mirror is the parallax barrier 3 with the transmission seam 10 that is separated by opaque part 11.In this embodiment, the slit-widths of this parallax barrier and pel spacing be set to produce the image 10 in this slit ' desired width and the expectation pel spacing of the image 30 of parallax barrier.Under the situation shown in Fig. 7 E, lens arra 29 produces an image with approximate half enlargement factor, thereby the approximate expectation gap width that doubles of the gap width w of parallax barrier 3.Can guarantee like this in the image 30 of this parallax barrier slit image 10 ' width w ' will have desired width.Similarly, the pel spacing of parallax barrier 3 is approximately the twice of desired spacing, thereby makes the pel spacing b ' of the image 30 of this parallax barrier equal desired spacing, and inferior form is suppressed, and crosstalking also is eliminated.But because the slit image 10 in the image 30 of this parallax barrier ' width w ' also be reduced, so kept the benefit of higher brightness and higher scattered light.

Fig. 7 F shows the display 60 according to further embodiment of the present invention.Display 60 among Fig. 7 F is substantially corresponding to the display among Fig. 7 B 28 ", difference is wherein only described.Display 60 among Fig. 7 F is included in parallax mirror 3 and imaging device 29 " between opaque " chimb " 57 that extend.The parallel substantially axis that is extended in this display of this chimb, and be extended to substantially on the whole vertical height of this display (that is to say that they extend into the paper plane of Fig. 7 F).Between the adjacent chimb 57 apart from d equal imaging device 29 ' pel spacing.

Chimb 57 can make each unit 29a, the 29b 29c of this imaging device form unique corresponding unit 10a of this parallax mirror 3, the image of 10b, 10c.In Fig. 7 F, parallax mirror 3 is shown as the parallax barrier with transmission hole 10a, 10b, 10c, and this imaging device is shown as one group of lens arra with lens unit 29a, 29b, 29c.Such as, the central lens unit 29b shown in Fig. 7 F can form the image of the central transmission hole 10b of this parallax barrier, as shown in FIG..Yet, above the central lens 29b of this lens arra can not form in this parallax barrier or following hole 10a, the image of 10c and since chimb 57 stoped pass in the parallax mirror above or the light of following aperture 10A, 10C arrive the central lens 29b of this lens arra.Similarly, the upper lens unit 29a of this lens arra only can form the image of slit, the top 10a of this parallax barrier, and the lower lens 29c of this lens arra only can form the image of slit, the bottom 10c of this parallax barrier.

The result, in the image 30 of this parallax barrier, the image 10 of each transmission seam 10a, 10b, 10c ' on width, be lowered via the magnification of this lens arra (this lens arra provides approximately half magnification in Fig. 7 F, but this embodiment can be used to any) less than on 1 the magnification.Thereby the relevant advantage of the display with among Fig. 7 B that provides before this has been retained.Yet, the existence of opaque chimb 57 show that the pel spacing of this parallax barrier image is equal to or approximately equal in the pel spacing b of original parallax barrier 3.Therefore, stoped the generation of inferior form, and crosstalked and also reduced.Owing to there is not time form, this display is complete black beyond main optic zone, and this can become an advantage when the present invention is used to secret display screen.Correspondingly, chimb 57 forms the image that surpasses a unit of this parallax mirror as shield assembly with each unit that stops this imaging device.Template type polariscope 33 in the embodiment among Fig. 7 C and template type half-wave damper 34 can produce same effect.

Substrate 12 ' can be formed by several glass blocks is placed opaque layer and is formed chimb between each piece.Perhaps, can make deep cut on the substrate, fill in each otch and go up opaque material to form chimb 57.

Fig. 7 G shows further the display 62 according to embodiments of the invention.Display 62 among Fig. 7 G is substantially corresponding to the display 28 among the display among Fig. 5 28 and Fig. 7 A ", at this wherein difference is only described.In the embodiment of Fig. 7 G, imaging device 29 comprises a weak condenser, it not in the front of imaging device 29 with parallax barrier 3 imagings, but the virtual image 30 that produces parallax barrier 3 in the back of imaging device 29, the distance s between this parallax barrier image 30 and the display layer 4 ' greater than the parallax barrier 3 of reality and the distance s between the display layer 4.The visual angle distance that this can cause the visual angle to be produced apart from the parallax barrier 3 and the display layer 4 that are narrower than when not having imaging device 29 by reality.

Fig. 7 H shows the display 63 according to further embodiment of the present invention.Display 63 among Fig. 7 H is substantially corresponding to the display among Fig. 7 G 62, only describes wherein difference at this.In the embodiment of Fig. 7 H, imaging device 29 comprises a divergent lens, can be in imaging device 29 back, and in this embodiment also in the front of parallax barrier 3, produce the virtual image 30 of parallax barrier 3, the distance s between this parallax barrier image 30 and the display layer 4 ' less than the parallax barrier 3 of reality and the distance s between the display layer 4.The visual angle distance that this can cause the visual angle to be produced apart from the parallax barrier 3 and the display layer 4 of being wider than when not having imaging device 29 by reality.

Fig. 7 I shows the display 64 according to further embodiment of the present invention.Display 64 among Fig. 7 I is substantially corresponding to the display among Fig. 7 H 63, only describes wherein difference at this.Among the embodiment of Fig. 7 I, adjacent image display layer 4, imaging device 29 is disposed in the front of light conductive substrate 5, rather than light conductive substrate 12 ' the front.Imaging device 29 comprises divergent lens, and it can in this embodiment, also in the front of parallax barrier 3 and in the inside of light conductive substrate 5, produce the virtual image 30 of parallax barrier 3 in the back of imaging device 29.Distance s between this parallax barrier image 30 and the display layer 4 ' less than the parallax barrier 3 of reality and the distance s between the display layer 4.The visual angle distance that this can cause the visual angle to be produced apart from the parallax barrier 3 and the display layer 4 of being wider than when not having imaging device 29 by reality.Weak condenser can also be used in the imaging device 29.Imaging device 29 can also be formed by integral body with image display layer 4; Can form by the inner micromechanism of pixel plate itself such as imaging device.

Fig. 8 A is the structural design sectional view according to the display of further embodiment of the present invention; Display 38 among Fig. 8 A is the display 28 in the corresponding diagram 5 substantially, only describes wherein difference at this.

In the display 38 in Fig. 8 A, imaging device (forming the image of parallax mirror in this embodiment) has variable focal length.The focal length of this imaging device is by controller 40 controls.Therefore, might control the position of this parallax barrier image, thereby and control chart as the spacing between display layer 4 and this parallax barrier image.The visual angle that can allow this display like this is apart from controlled.Such as, make the image of this parallax barrier be formed on position 30a if set focal length, spacing between this image and the image display layer 4 can be relatively low, therefore obtained broad field angle---for this display work is dual view display, this needs the situation that its image need be watched by different observers.On the contrary, if the image of this parallax barrier is formed on another position 30b, spacing between the image of this parallax barrier and the image display layer 4 can bigger (though still less than the spacing between this parallax barrier and this image display layer), be positioned at first position 30a with the image of this parallax barrier and compare this and will cause that a lower field angle---this may be suitable for wanting to be used as the display of automatic stereoscopic display device, this moment, field angle must make visual spacing corresponding to the human eye spacing.Therefore, by suitably controlling the focal length of imaging device, might change the field angle of display 38---this allows for suitable specific application and regulates field angle, especially, allows this display to switch between dual-view display mode and automatic stereo display mode.Also might switch between back grid pattern and preceding grid pattern, the image of parallax mirror is placed on the back of image display layer 4 in the back grid pattern, and the image of parallax mirror is placed on the front of image display layer 4 in the preceding grid pattern.

Any suitable have pancratic imaging device and can be used to display 38 among Fig. 8 A.Such as, mode liquid crystal lens, Pixel-level liquid crystal lens, the microlens structure of perhaps having filled liquid crystal can an ancient exorcistic ceremony use.In all cases, the focal length of these lens all can change with the impressed voltage that passes this liquid crystal lens.This moment, controller 40 will be controlled the impressed voltage that passes this lens arra.Thereby the focal length of this imaging device can be controlled by the size of using controller 40 controls to pass the impressed voltage of these lens simply.

Fig. 8 B be according to further display 38 of the present invention ' the structural design sectional view.Display 38 among Fig. 8 B ' be similar to the substantially display 38 among Fig. 8 A is only described wherein difference at this.

In addition, the display 38 among Fig. 8 B ' also the have tracking means 41 that is used for judging the advance between this display and the observer.The controller 40 that is used for controlling the focal length of this imaging device receives, as input, and the output signal that indicates the advance between this display and observer of tracking means 41.Therefore, based on the advance between observer and this display, controller 40 can change the focal length of this imaging device, thereby changes the position of the image 30 of this parallax mirror.When this display is used to the automatic stereo display mode, the visual angle apart from can based on display 38 ' and the observer between advance and be changed, this can make spacing between the form on the left side and the right continue to be equal to observer's eye spacing.On the contrary, conventional automatic stereoscopic display device is set to the observer and watches from the fixing distance of distance display, and left eye and right-eye image can correctly be separated for the observer apart from being set as in the visual angle on that distance.Yet,, thereby no longer equal observer's eye spacing if this observer is approaching or away from this display, the lateral separation between the form will reduce or increase.

Fig. 8 C is further according to the display device 38 of embodiments of the invention " the structural design sectional view.In this embodiment, imaging device remains has pancratic imaging device, and its focal length is controlled by a suitable controller 40.

Display 38 in Fig. 8 C " in, the parallax mirror is exactly a parallax barrier 3.Pancratic imaging device 39 is configured such that it can produce the image of this parallax barrier on the plane of image display layer 4.In addition, the width of this parallax barrier and pel spacing, and, be configured such that the image of parallax barrier 30 can not form black region on the plane of image display layer 4 or behind the plane of image display layer 4, as in Fig. 8 C, illustrating by the magnification that imaging device 39 produces.(in Fig. 8 C, this parallax barrier has a black region of 2: 1: transmission seam ratio has been exaggerated one with the image that is positioned at this parallax barrier of position 30C and has been about 3 the factor).Therefore, can forbid parallax barrier 3 effectively, thereby can obtain a kind of two dimensional mode.Thereby this display device can switch between 3-D display pattern and two dimensional mode so that the suitable image of parallax barrier 3 to be provided by controlling this imaging device.When the image of this parallax barrier forms black region in the pixel planes back, shown in the 30B among Fig. 8 C, will be shown in Fig. 5 or 6 cause a kind of 3-D display pattern like that.

Further, the display device 38 among Fig. 8 C " can switch between different 3-D display patterns.Such as, explained with reference to top Fig. 8 B, the focal length of lens arra 39 can be controlled to and produce dual-view display mode or automatic stereo display mode, and a kind of two dimensional mode (though this may need more complicated optical system such as, for instance, the optical system shown in Fig. 9 A).

Fig. 9 A is the structural design sectional view according to the display device 42 of further embodiment of the present invention; This embodiment is equivalent to the display device 28 among Fig. 5 substantially, only describes wherein difference at this.

Display device 42 among Fig. 9 A comprises an imaging device of being made up of the multilayer lens.43,44 and 45 3 levels in Fig. 9 A, have been shown, lens arra of the common composition of each layer.Have pancratic lens two-layer comprising wherein, and they are other lens jacket (this central lens layer and dexter lens jacket the 44, the 45th in Fig. 9 A, controllable) of central lens 44 and.Having pancratic these lens can be liquid crystal lens, as mentioned above, and for the display among Fig. 8 A.This zoom lens layer 44,45 passes through suitable controller (not shown) Be Controlled independently of one another.This embodiment allows the magnification of independent control focal length and this imaging device.Thereby display 42 can be between the two and three dimensions display mode, with and/or between different 3-D display patterns, switch, described with reference to top Fig. 8 A to 8C.

Because this embodiment among Fig. 9 A provides the focal length and both independent control of magnification of this imaging device, therefore might guarantee this parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer) always the pel spacing of image equals the pel spacing of this parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer), no matter the position of this image where.On the contrary, in the embodiment of 8A, 8B and 8C, only the focal length of imaging device can Be Controlled, in fact, the focal length that changes this imaging device might cause making one of the magnification generation of this imaging device to follow variation, and this moment, the pel spacing of this parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer) image can change slightly along with the position of this image.For some positions of this parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer) image, this can cause the generation of time form; These times form can use, and for instance, the method among Fig. 7 C, 7D or the 7F is eliminated.

Fig. 9 B shows the display 46 according to further embodiment of the present invention.The display 46 of this embodiment can be used for the observer who laterally moves about this display is followed the tracks of.

The imaging device of display 46 comprises two can forbidden lens arra 47,48, and one of them is placed on another back.In Fig. 9 B, these two lens arras 47,48 have identical pel spacing, but each other relative cross offset about 1/8th pel spacings.The focal length of these two lens arras is basic identical, so array 47,48 can produce the 30A of image separately, the 30B of parallax mirror 3, their lengthwise position identical and each other relative cross offset 1/4th pel spacing.(in Fig. 9 B, image 30A, the 30B of two width of cloth parallax mirrors are shown as has vertical misalignment, but this is just clear in order to describe---and more precisely, this two width of cloth image 30A, 30B are on the identical plane).

Rely on 40, two lens arras of controller 47,48 to be independently controlled.Especially, controller 40 can be enabled any in the lens arra 47,48 and forbid another.

Further, display 46 comprises a tracking means 41, is used to follow the tracks of the lateral attitude with respect to the observer of this display.This controller 40 receives the output signal about observer lateral attitude information that this tracking means 41 produces as input.Foundation is with respect to the observer's of this display lateral attitude, and controller 40 can be selected any in the lens arra 47,48.Since the image 30A of this parallax mirror that produces by these two lens arras, 30B relative cross offset 1/4th pel spacing, the form that lens arra 47 produces has shifted an angle from the form that lens arra 48 produces.In Fig. 9 B, the center of the main viewfinder that is produced by lens arra 47 represents with solid line, and the center of the form that is produced by lens arra 48 is represented by dotted lines.

Therefore,, might make the form horizontal transfer, with moving of follow-observation person by switching to another from a lens arra.

A kind of method that produces switchable lens arra 47,48 will be described now.In the method, each lens arra is made up of the liquid crystal lens 47a, the 48a that are placed on such as in transmission substrate 47b, the 48b of glass.If the refractive index of

lens

47a, 48a and the substrate 47b around it, the refractive index of 48b are complementary, these lens are just forbidden effectively and can not be produced lens effect, if and the refractive index of the liquid crystal material of

lens

47a, 48a is different from substrate 47b separately, the refractive index of 48b, will produce lens effect so.Therefore, by apply a suitable

voltage pass lens

47a, 48a liquid crystal material and and then control their refractive index, just might select in this lens arra and forbid another lens arra.

In an additional embodiments (not shown), lens arra 47,48 can not Be Controlled.In this embodiment, light at a kind of polarization direction, lens arra is set to make the refractive index of its liquid crystal material and substrate around it to be complementary, at the light with orthogonal polarization state, another lens arra 48 is set to make the refractive index of this lens arra and substrate around it to be complementary.At this moment, can shine the polarity of the light on this lens arra with control, thereby select some in this lens arra by suitable polarization switch (not shown) of control.

Fig. 9 C shows according to further display 49 of the present invention.The position, angle that this display 49 still can change form to be following, such as, observer's transverse movement.

In the display of Fig. 9 C, imaging device is shown as the lens arra 29 of a routine here, is configured to and can laterally moves about this parallax mirror.In Fig. 9 C, this imaging device is shown as and can carries out machinery and move, but except that this imaging device or replace this imaging device, this parallax barrier also may laterally move.By changing the lateral attitude of this imaging device with respect to the parallax mirror, the lateral attitude of the cell picture of this parallax mirror also has been changed.For instance, when this parallax mirror is exactly parallax barrier, change imaging device with respect to the lateral attitude of this parallax barrier will cause the image 10 of the transmission seam 10 of this parallax barrier ' the lateral attitude change.As about the explanation of Fig. 9 B, this will change the position, angle of the form of these display 49 generations conversely.

Controller 40 receives the output signal of tracker 41 tracking with respect to the observer's of display 49 lateral attitude as input.The lateral attitude of this imaging device with respect to this parallax barrier, is controlled based on the input of tracker 41 by controller 40, with the position, angle of change form, thus follow-observation person's transverse movement.

The remaining component of this display 49 is corresponding to the appropriate section in the display among Fig. 5 28, and will no longer do further and describe.

In the remodeling of this embodiment, a spatial light modulator that parallax barrier 3 is embedded such as, for instance, a liquid crystal board.In this embodiment, the transverse movement of this parallax barrier is simulated by this spatial light modulator is re-addressed, thereby makes the lateral attitude of the transmission seam of this parallax barrier carry out laterally moving.

Fig. 9 D be further display with multiple view angle 49 of the present invention ' design profile figure.This display 49 ' substantially corresponding to the display among Fig. 9 C 49, this display 49 ' in Fig. 9 C in display 49 the same characteristics will be described once more.

In the display in Fig. 9 D, be shown as the position of imaging device of the lens arra 29 of a routine here, fix with respect to looking the poor mirror 3 that is shown as a parallax barrier here.This can by assemble this imaging device to the substrate 12 of this parallax mirror ' in one above go to realize.With respect to image display 2, but this imaging device and parallax mirror are joint activities.This imaging device and parallax mirror are shown as and can move by machinery in Fig. 9 D, but except that this imaging device or to replace this imaging device, this image display also may be movably.

With respect to image display 2, imaging device 29 and parallax mirror 3 can be horizontal together and/or longitudinally movable.By changing the lateral attitude with respect to this image display of this imaging device and parallax mirror, the lateral attitude of the cell picture of this parallax mirror also has been changed.As the explanation for Fig. 9 B, this will change the position, angle by the form of display 49 ' generation conversely, thereby allows this display tracing observation person laterally moving with respect to this display.

By changing the lengthwise position with respect to this image display of this imaging device and parallax mirror, the lengthwise position of the cell picture of this parallax mirror also has been changed.As the explanation for Fig. 8 B, this will change the visual angle distance by the form of display 49 ' generation conversely, thereby allows this display tracing observation person vertically moving with respect to this display.This display can provide the constant lateral separation between the form and what be regardless of the advance between this display and the observer.

This imaging device and parallax mirror are controlled by controller 40 with respect to the horizontal and/or lengthwise movement of this image display.Wherein this imaging device and parallax mirror can be done moving of horizontal and vertical both direction with respect to this display, and controller 40 preferably can be controlled transverse movement and lengthwise movement respectively independently.

Controller 40 can be used as input receive tracing observation person that observer's tracking means 41 sends with respect to display 49 ' vertically and/or the output signal of lateral attitude.Based on the output of observer's tracking means 41, this controller 40 can control this imaging device and parallax mirror with respect to this image display vertically and/or the lateral attitude.

Figure 10 is the design profile figure of further display 28 of the present invention " ".In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a preceding grid display, and wherein the parallax mirror is placed on the front of Pixel-level display layer, rather than the front of the image of parallax mirror.

In Figure 10, the parallax mirror is shown as a parallax barrier 3, and it has the light conduction seam of separating by opaque regional 11 10.This imaging device is shown as a lens arra, its pel spacing equal substantially or integral multiple in the pel spacing of Pixel-level display layer 4.This lens arra 29 forms the image of image display layers 4, makes longitudinal separation s ' between the image 30 of parallax barrier 3 and image display layer 4 less than the longitudinal separation s between parallax barrier 3 and the image display layer 4.Thereby increased the visual angle distance, as above-mentioned explanation for Fig. 5.

The remaining element of this display 28 " " among Figure 10 corresponding to those parts of the display among Fig. 5 28, will no longer repeat description of them here substantially for this reason.Yet the image display layer 4 that should be pointed out that this embodiment can be a conduction image display layer or the radioactivity display layer such as plasma or organic light emitting apparatus (OLED) by (not shown) illumination backlight.

In the display in Figure 10, the image 30 of image display layer is formed on this display interior, and its lens arra has fixed focal length, and produces one and be about 1 magnification.But, in principle, embodiment among Fig. 6-9C can all be applied to type shown in Figure 10 preceding grid display (though the grid display may have difficulties before in fact the display among Fig. 7 C and the 7D being included into because its main picture may with time picture overlaid of opposition pixel).

In the display in Figure 10, the pel spacing with image display layer 4 is identical substantially for the image 30 formed pel spacings of image display layer.Also exist this possibility to make lens arra 29 have the pel spacing different with image display layer 4, perhaps many or few.If the pel spacing of this lens arra 29 is configured to have very big pel spacing, the final pel spacing of the image 30 of this image display layer will cause the further increase of visual angle distance greater than the pel spacing of this image display layer 4 so.

Figure 11 shows the display 50 according to further embodiment of the present invention.The feature of this display 50 is the same with display 28 among Fig. 5 in brief, will no longer describe at this.

Among this embodiment, imaging device comprises a lens arra 51.The plane of the lens 52 of this lens arra is not arranged perpendicular to the axle of this display.On the contrary, these lens 52 are configured on the microstructure 53, thereby the longitudinal axis of the plane of these lens 52 and this display has an angle.

The focal length of these lens 52 is configured to make their to produce the cell picture (this moment for the image 10 of the transmission seam 10 of parallax barrier 3 ') of parallax mirror, and it just in time overlaps with the pixel 54 of Pixel-level display layer 4.That is to say, the image 10 of transmission seam ' be on the plane of Pixel-level display layer 4, and coincide with or coincide with substantially the viewing area of the pixel 54 of image display layer 4.

The image 10 in slit 10 ' with the plane of image display layer 4 at an angle, as among Figure 11 generally shown in.This is that lens 52 are configured to the result on the microstructure 53.So, this display 50 can with respect to this display Z-axis than wide-angle on the form of high-quality is provided.In the display 50 of Figure 11, in conventional display, occur in typical case's distortion meeting on the wide diopter and eliminated significantly or reduce.The image 10 in this slit ' will focus on the plane of this image display layer corresponds respectively to each grid seam because exist two lens.If the image in this slit 10 ' the be in front of this image display layer, perhaps back, the image and the three-dimensional viewfinder in this slit of twice quantity will be submerged usually.

Embodiment among Figure 11 also can be summarised in the preceding grid display, and wherein the parallax mirror is placed on the front of image display layer 4.

Among the aforesaid embodiment, the observation cone angle of being described by the vignette of this lens light will determine visual maximum field of view angle.These line markings are in the figure about this embodiment.It should be noted that the image with regard to being exaggerated, its image size is greater than original slit-widths, thereby its cone angle also has been reduced.The aforesaid part ultimate principle of hiding thereafter about this embodiment among Fig. 7 D that Here it is.

Figure 12 is the structural design sectional view according to the display 55 of further embodiment of the present invention; The feature of this display 55 is the same with display 28 among Fig. 5 in brief, will no longer describe at this.

In this embodiment, one of them substrate interior of image display 2 has been placed a scattering layer 56.This scattering layer 56 is shown as the inside that is positioned at first substrate 5 in Figure 12, has correspondingly formed two substrate 5a, 5b, and this scattering layer promptly is clipped between them, but this scattering layer 56 also can provide in the inside of second substrate 6 of this image-display units.

This diffusion layer axle with this display substantially is vertical.Display 55 among Figure 12 is grid displays after, and wherein imaging device (being a lens arra 29 in Figure 12) forms the image 30 of this parallax mirror.In this embodiment, diffusion layer be positioned at can make this parallax mirror image 30 substantially just in time with position that this diffusion layer phase overlaps on.The image 30 of this parallax mirror and this diffusion layer 56 is shown as and is longitudinally separated in Figure 12, but this is for clarity, and this diffusion layer preferably is positioned on the position that the image 30 that can make this parallax mirror just in time coincides with the plane of this diffusion layer.

The cone angle of this display depends on the angle of flare that focuses on the light on the focusing surface, surpasses this angle and vignette will occur.Be equipped with the visual angle that diffusion layer 56 can improve this display.

Diffusion layer 56 among Figure 12 can be applied among any aforesaid embodiment, wherein imaging device produces the image of parallax mirror, and has a fixing imaging capability, thereby the picture position of this parallax mirror is also fixed, and wherein the image of this parallax mirror is formed on this display interior.In the grid embodiment, wherein imaging device produced the image of an image display layer 4 before this embodiment among Figure 12 also can be applied to, if the imaging capability of this imaging device is fixed, the picture position of this image display layer is also fixed so.

Diffusion layer among Figure 12 also can be applied to the display that can switch between three dimensional pattern and two-dimensional model.Such as, this diffusion layer 56 can be merged in the display of type shown in Fig. 8 C, that is to say to be operable on three-dimensional or dual-view display mode and the two dimensional mode.In three-dimensional or dual-view display mode, this diffusion layer will be positioned at can make its with position that the image of this parallax mirror just in time overlaps on, so in three-dimensional or dual-view display mode, can obtain the visual angle of an increase.In two-dimensional model, the image of this parallax barrier will form from this diffusion layer well, thereby this scattering layer has become the backlight of a standard in two dimensional mode.

Figure 13 A is the structural design sectional view according to further display with multiple view angle 58 of the present invention.This display 58 will no longer be described feature total in these two displays substantially corresponding to the display among Figure 12 55 at this.

In the display 58 in Figure 13 A, imaging device 29 has a variable focal length and can be, for instance, and a pancratic lens arra that has as shown in FIG. 13A.

Parallax mirror 3 and imaging device 29 are provided to produce the image of this parallax mirror, and wherein the image of this parallax mirror unit is less.This parallax mirror is exactly a parallax barrier herein, such as, the parallax barrier with relative narrow slit can be used in here.Further, perhaps method for changing, an imaging device that has less than one magnification can be used in here, thus the slit 10 in the image of this parallax barrier 30 ' image be narrower than slit 10 in this parallax barrier, with reference to the description of above-mentioned Fig. 7 B to 7E.

The focal length that uses suitable this imaging device of controller (not shown) may command is with the position of the image 30 that changes this parallax mirror.Thereby the image 30 that might make this parallax mirror is formed on the back of scattering layer, perhaps on this scattering layer plane.Therefore pass through the position of the image 30 of this parallax mirror of control, might change the picture size that is positioned at this parallax mirror unit on this scattering layer, thereby thereby and change the effective dimensions of the image of this parallax mirror unit---can make the controlled display of effective dimensions of a parallax mirror unit wherein.No matter how many effective dimensions of this parallax mirror unit is,, and determine by the spacing between this scattering layer and this image display layer always the visual angle distance is constant.

Display 58 among Figure 13 A also can work in two dimensional mode, by controlling the focal length of this imaging device, makes the image of this parallax mirror be formed on the position away from scattering layer 56, and is backlight thereby this scattering layer becomes a kind of standard.

Display 58 among Figure 13 A also can be operated on the two dimensional mode, if this imaging device 29 is forbiddenly to talk about.By forbidding this imaging device, will can not form the parallax barrier image.Be scattered layer 56 from these parallax barrier 3 next light and spread apart, thereby can regain a kind of two dimensional mode, shown in Figure 13 B.This embodiment can forbidden imaging device can by, such as, can form by forbidden lens arra 47,48 among Fig. 9 B embodiment.

Embodiment among Figure 12 and 13 also can be applied in the preceding grid display, and wherein the parallax mirror is placed on the front of image display layer 4.

Among the embodiment in Fig. 8 A to 13, the pel spacing of the image of this parallax mirror (the perhaps image of this image display layer) is equal to or equals substantially the pel spacing of this parallax mirror (perhaps image display layer).

Comprise the device that embodiment among Fig. 8 B, 9B, 9C and the 9D of observer's tracker can further have the user who is used to differentiate this display.Such as, this display can have the position that can follow the tracks of eyes of user, and can also differentiate tracking/authentication equipment 26 of user.Such as, the tracking means 41 among Fig. 8 B, 9B, 9C or the 9D can comprise iris sensor and/or fingerprint sensor, and it has the iris or the fingerprint template information of the authorized user of this display.

When the people attempted to activate this device, tracking means 41 judged whether this person is an authorized user of this system, and will allow this system only be authorized to user's activation.In addition, this tracking means 41 can store the most frequent display mode that is used by each authorized user for information about---and when this system was activated, this tracking means 41 indicating control 40 as much as possible was set to this display on the most frequently used display mode of this user.

In above-mentioned display, substrate, polariscope, parallax barrier and lens arra can be by any suitable made.In principle, this image display layer 4 can be any Pixel-level display layer.Before the image display layer is placed on the parallax mirror among any embodiment, any conduction image display layer can be used, and among the embodiment after the image display layer is placed on the parallax mirror, any conduction or radioactivity image display layer can be used.

Rely on the natural quality of this image display layer 4, can not need the

polariscope

8,9 of image display 2.

The present invention also can be used to obtain asymmetric form---and that is to say, a kind of display is provided, the angular region of one of them form is different from the angular region of another form.This can realize that this imaging system produces the image that has the parallax mirror of lateral excursion with respect to the image display layer, perhaps produces the image that has the image display layer of lateral excursion with respect to the parallax mirror by utilizing a kind of imaging system.This can realize by this imaging device being carried out suitable horizontal calibration.

The making of asymmetric form has been described in common unsettled UK Patent Application 0320365.Being used to of disclosing in this common pending application obtains a kind of technology of asymmetric form and will use a kind of parallax barrier that has displacement substantially with respect to this image display layer.As you know, for " view-point correction " is provided, need make the pel spacing of parallax barrier be slightly less than the pel spacing of pixel-level image display board, and between the pixel (perhaps pixel column) of the aperture and the video display board of parallax barrier, have some little displacements in this class display.But, in above-mentioned common pending application, displacement between parallax barrier and the image display layer is obviously greater than in the currently known display.Such as, typically, in this display center, a kind of aperture of parallax barrier is placed on the place about 20 ° apart from aligned position.The effect of this displacement is that a form is diminished, and produces the form with the angular region of differing from one another thus.

In the above embodiment of the present invention, suitable lateral attitude by imaging device, might produce the image (perhaps producing the image that has the image display layer of displacement substantially with respect to the parallax mirror) that has the parallax mirror of displacement substantially with respect to the image display layer, thereby produce asymmetric form in the mode of instructing among the common unsettled UK Patent Application No.0320365.0.

Embodiment among Fig. 9 C can provide a kind of can the symmetrical form of controlled generation or asymmetric form in any display.If this lens arra is correctly aimed at this parallax mirror, the image of this parallax mirror will be aimed at this image display layer, so will obtain symmetrical form.By with respect to the horizontal mobile lens array of this parallax mirror, might produce the parallax mirror image that has obvious displacement with respect to the image display layer, thereby produce asymmetric form.This also can be applicable to the preceding grid remodeling among Fig. 9 C.

Figure 14 shows a kind of display with multiple view angle of the present invention 59, and it can produce asymmetric form.This display 59 is substantially corresponding to the display among Fig. 5 28, only describes display among Figure 14 and the difference between the display among Fig. 5 at this.

59 li of displays in Figure 14, imaging device is asymmetric, the imaging capability on each unit of this imaging device is inconstant.In the specific imaging device shown in Figure 14, this imaging device is exactly a kind of lens arra 29 with asymmetric lens.Each lens all comprises having than the parts 29a of long-focus and the parts 29b with shorter focal length.Therefore, this lens arra 29 can produce two width of cloth images of this parallax barrier.First width of cloth image 30a of this parallax barrier is produced by the burnt parts 29a of the length of the lens of this lens arra.Second width of cloth image 30b of this parallax barrier is formed by the burnt parts 29b of the weak point of the lens of this lens arra, thereby second width of cloth image 30b of this parallax barrier is between first width of cloth image 30a and this lens arra 29 of this parallax barrier.This of this parallax barrier two width of cloth image 30a, 30b be lateral alignment each other.In addition, size is the same each other substantially for this two width of cloth image.

The mode that this two width of cloth image interweaves with interlacing is shown on the image display layer, and Figure 14 shows the left-eye image that is presented on pixel column C1, C3, the C5, and is presented at the eye image on pixel column C2, C4, the C6.The light that the pixel that shows left-eye image is classified the burnt regional 29b of weak point that passes these lens as illuminates, and the pixel of demonstration eye image is classified the light of the burnt regional 29a of length that passes these lens as and illuminated.Thereby the spacing between the image of image display layer 4 and this parallax barrier is different with distance between left-eye image and the eye image.Spacing (the s that is used for left-eye image _L) equal the burnt image 30b of weak point of this parallax barrier and the spacing between the image display layer 4, and be used for the spacing (s of eye image _r) be exactly the burnt image 30a of length of this parallax barrier and the spacing between the image display layer 4, thus s _L＞s _RSo the form 14 that is used for eye image has the angular region bigger than the form 13 that is used for left-eye image.

Embodiment among Figure 14 also can be applied to this display, and wherein imaging device forms the image of image display layer.

Figure 15 is the design profile figure according to the display with multiple view angle 63 of further embodiment of the present invention.This display 63 comprises a kind of image display, wherein comprises the pixel-level image display layer 4 that is placed on the light conductive substrate 5.This display 63 is illuminated by the light 7 that the light source (not shown) that is placed on after this display sends.This image display layer can be any conductive display layer; In this embodiment, image display layer 4 are a kind of liquid crystal layers such as, for instance, a kind of active matrix TFT liquid crystal display layer.This image display also will comprise first and second polariscopes such as each limit that is placed on this image display layer 4, place second transparent substrates of this image display layer 4 shown in Figure 15 to the opposite side of substrate 5, and be used for device for addressing to the address pixels of liquid crystal layer such as pixel electrode, switch element or the like, but these should be very common, therefore have been left in the basket in Figure 15.

In addition, this display 63 also comprises a kind of image-display units parallax mirror 3 afterwards that is placed on.In this embodiment, parallax mirror 3 is a kind of parallax barrier, and it has the paper plane of extend among Figure 15, the light conduction slit 10 of being separated by opaque parts 11.In the work, the drive unit (not shown) drives this Pixel-level display layer 4 and shows two width of cloth interlacing interlaced videos, this represents piece image by pixel column C1, C3, the C5 of being separated by are designated " R " in Figure 15, simultaneously other pixel column C2, C4, C6 is designated " L " and represents another width of cloth image (this pixel column extend the paper plane among Figure 15) to indicate.This is to want to be used to refer to piece image to be presented on pixel column C1, C3, the C5, and on right form as seen.Second width of cloth image is presented on pixel column C2, C4, the C6, and on left form as seen.

In addition, two imaging devices 60,61 that provide between parallax barrier 3 and the image display layer 4 also are provided display 63.In the embodiment in Figure 15, each imaging device the 60, the 61st is made up of a kind of lens arra.Each lens of each lens arra substantially with the parallel extension of pixel column C1...C6 of image display layer 4.Two lens arras of shown in Figure 15 this are formed on the opposite face of common light conductive substrate 62, but each lens arra can be formed on the independent substrate in principle.

Though Figure 15 shows the lens arra as imaging device, the present invention not merely is limited on the imaging device of this type.In principle, microstructure (such as, Fresnel lens) any convergence, diffraction or refraction all can be used to replace standard lens.This imaging device can also utilize the holographic optics unit to form.

The principle of work of display 63 is zones that the parallax barrier 3 and first imaging device 60 produce directional lighting.In the embodiment in Figure 15, first imaging device 60 is exactly a lens arra, the part irradiate light of aperture 10 of passing through parallax barrier 3 is to the parts 60R of lenticular lens, and be diverted right form basically, another part irradiate light and is diverted left form basically to the parts 60L of adjacent lenticular lens.(term " right side ", " left side " that relates to this direction of display refers to that the observer seen when this display is watched in normal observation place.)

Second imaging device 61 makes the pattern imaging of directional lighting, and this directional lighting is produced by parallax barrier 3 and first imaging device 60 on image display layer 4 (perhaps approaching the plane on this image display layer plane).So, show pixel column C2, C4, C6 of left-side images or the like, main the light of form illuminates by passing left, and shows pixel column C1, C3, C5 of image right or the like, and it is main that the light of form illuminates by passing to the right.This two width of cloth image is presented at different directions, thereby produces a kind of various visual angles display.

Display 63 among Figure 15 can provide (comparing with standard parallax barrier display) higher brightness of image.Illustrate in the conventional display of type at Fig. 1, the pixel of image display layer is illuminated by the light that points to the left side and the right, no matter whether this pixel shows left-side images or image right.But, 63 li of the displays in Figure 15, lens arra will pass through conductive regional 10 light of parallax barrier 3 and redistribute, thereby the pixel that shows the image display layer of left side (or right side) image is mainly illuminated by the light that points to the left side (perhaps the right).This can make the conductive area 10 of this parallax barrier wideer than conventional parallax barrier display.The further advantages of this display 63 among Figure 15 are can reduce to crosstalk.

Mainly illuminated by the light that points to the left side (perhaps the right) owing to show the pixel column of left side (perhaps right side) image, this display 63 also can produce littler image mixing area.In addition, almost do not have light to be directed to by first imaging device on the direction of principal axis of this display, a low brightness area between left-side images and the image right is provided like this.

The optimal focal length of imaging device 60,61 can make first imaging device 60 form the image of fence 3 on the plane of second imaging device 61, and second imaging device 61 forms the image of first imaging device 60 on the plane of image display layer 4.Correspondingly, the spacing between the image of this parallax barrier and this image display layer is less than the spacing between this and this image display layer, thereby the angular distance between left view and the right view has been increased as describing among the previous embodiment.When this imaging device and parallax barrier 3 are relative when being away from this image display layer, just can between view, obtain the angular distance of broad like this.This can make the manufacturing of system become easier, such as, can make the substrate 5 of this imaging device all be done relative thickly and solid with substrate 62.For instance,

substrate

5,62 can have the thickness of about 0.5mm.

The pel spacing of the best of these lens can make the pel spacing of first imaging device 60 approximately identical with the pel spacing of image display layer 4, and the pel spacing of second imaging device 61 compares approximately identically with the pel spacing of image 4, perhaps is about its twice.

The unit of second imaging device preferably aligns with the unit of first imaging device.Such as, when the imaging device was made up of lens arra, the lens 60a of first lens arra that the lens 61a of second lens arra is best and corresponding directly alignd.But, other structure also is possible.The pel spacing of parallax mirror 3 is preferably the twice of the pel spacing of first imaging device.Roughly align in border between two unit of each unit of this parallax mirror and first imaging device 60, so when this parallax mirror is that the parallax barrier and first imaging device are when being lens arra, as shown in figure 15, roughly align in the border between two lens units of the center of each conductive area 10 of this parallax barrier 3 and first lens arra 60.

The alignment thereof of the parallax mirror shown in Figure 15, first lens arra and second lens arra provide the left and right sides form about the Z-axis symmetric offset spread of this display.Transversal displacement between this parallax mirror, first lens arra or second lens arra are wherein any will can not influence the position of this two form, but it will cause crosstalking between two forms.

A kind of spacer (not shown) can be provided to guarantee that the spacing between first imaging device 60 and the parallax barrier 3 maintains on the expected value.Can have (in indefinite space interval) isolation such as, first imaging device 60 is listed as to keep the spacing between first imaging device 60 and the parallax barrier 3.

This parallax barrier 3 can be a kind of fixedly parallax barrier, has wherein piled up zone of opacity 11 on the light conductive substrate (not shown).In other words, it can be a kind of parallax barrier that can be disabled---such as transparent zone 10 and opaque regional 11 can be defined within on a kind of addressable layer such as, for instance, a kind of its fence can pass through the switch liquid crystal and disabled liquid crystal layer, so that have uniform transmissivity on its zone.Use can disabled parallax barrier allow this display 63 can be switched to conventional two dimensional mode.

Figure 16 be further display 63 of the present invention ' the structural design sectional view.This display 63 ' in many aspects corresponding to the display among Figure 15 63 will only be described difference between this two display at this.

Display 63 in Figure 16 ' in, do not exist among Figure 15 parallax barrier 3 with separate backlight.On the contrary, this display 63 ' possess a kind of by waveguide 64 and one or more light sources 65 of arranging along the waveguide side form backlight 66.Two light sources 65 shown in Figure 16 are arranged along the opposite face of this waveguide 64, can both be used but the present invention is not limited to the specific backing structure shown in Figure 16, single light source or two above light sources.This light source 65 preferably extends along all or all substantially respective side of this waveguide, and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

As everyone knows, the light that light source 65 sends enters waveguide 64 and is hunted down through the total internal reflection phenomenon in this waveguide 64---and light is propagated in this waveguide, shine on the front surface 67 or rear surface 68 of this waveguide 64, experience total internal reflection and distributing from this waveguide.

According to the embodiment among Figure 16, on the selection area 69 at the back side 68 of this waveguide, produced scattering point.If the irradiate light of propagating in this waveguide to this waveguide back side 68, has on it on zone 69 of scattering point, direct reflections can be not overleaf 68 take place in this light, but by this scattering point scattering, just as shown in Figure 16.Therefore, some scattered lights are with on the angled front 67 that shines this waveguide of normal condition, and its angle is less than critical angle, and therefore are refracted out this waveguide and directive image display layer 4.

Light only is scattered out waveguide 64 in the zone 69 that has scattering point, does not have the part of scattering point not have light to send on waveguide 64.Therefore this waveguide 64 has luminous zone (corresponding to the zone 69 that has scattering point) and not obvious luminous zone.If having the striped of the paper plane of going into Figure 16 by extending in the zone 69 of scattering point forms, so the light-emitting zone of this waveguide 64 on size, shape and position corresponding to the conductive area 10 of the parallax barrier among Figure 15 3, and the not light-emitting zone of this waveguide 64 on size, shape and position corresponding to the zone of opacity 11 of the parallax barrier among Figure 15 3.Thereby backlight 66 of the display among Figure 16 combines the parallax mirror 3 of the display among conventional backlight and Figure 15, and second lens arra can be seen as to the imaging of parallax mirror.Spacing between the image of this parallax mirror and the image display layer is less than the spacing between this parallax mirror and the image display layer, thereby the angular distance between left view and the right view has been increased as describing among the previous embodiment, so obtained the advantage among the previous embodiment.

The zone that does not have scattering point 69 of waveguide 64 can be wrapped up by a kind of absorbing material, to guarantee the not having regional thus scattering of light.This can reduce the light intensity of sending corresponding to this waveguide zone of the zone of opacity 11 of parallax barrier among Figure 15 3.

This scattering point can be provided on the front 67 of this waveguide, rather than, perhaps and, on the back side 68 of this waveguide.

This scattering point can be made up of diffusing structure, diffraction structure or little refraction structure.Their precision architecture is unimportant, as long as light does not have obvious scattering in zone 69 scatterings that scattering point is arranged and in the zone of no scattering point.

Figure 17 is a further display 63 of the present invention " the structural design sectional view.This display 63 " substantially corresponding to the display among Figure 15 63, is only described wherein difference at this.

Display 63 among Figure 17 " still have a kind of by waveguide 64 and at least two light source 65a, 65b arranging along side 64a, the 64b of this waveguide 64 form backlight 66.Two light source 65a, 65b shown in Figure 16 arrange along the opposite face of waveguide 64, but the present invention is not limited thereto this kind customized configuration backlight.This light source 65a, 65b preferably extend along all or all substantially respective side edge of this waveguide, and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

This backlight 66 comprises at least one luminous light source 65b in limit of visible spectrum.In addition, it also comprises at least one light source 65a, and it is not luminous in limit of visible spectrum, and only luminous on the wavelength outside limit of visible spectrum, such as only on the wavelength of spectrum ultraviolet range.The outer light source 65a of visible light source 65b and visible spectrum is Be Controlled independently of each other.

In backlight 66, the back side 68 of this waveguide 64 is not level and smooth, but is made very coarse at this, propagate thereby make in waveguide 64, thereby the light that shines this waveguide back side 68 is scattered out rather than by direct reflection.So, when source 65b sends visible light (and another light source 65a is switched off), waveguide 64 from it front surface with a kind of on its zone substantially the intensity of uniformity send visible light.Thereby this display 63 " becomes a kind of two dimensional display of routine and does not have directive effect.

On the selection area at the back side 68 of this waveguide 70, a kind of material 70 also is provided, can send visible light during irradiate light on the source 65a outside it is in visible spectrum.Send among the ultraviolet embodiment at light source 65a, material 70 can be, for instance, and a kind of material that fluoresces and when by the ultraviolet ray irradiation, can send visible light.Preferably select spectrum and this material 70 of the light that visible light source 65b sends to make when only being thrown light on by visible light source 65b, this material 70 is invalid fully.

When light source 65a opens and visible light source 65b when turning off, ultraviolet ray enters this waveguide and shines on the zone of material 70.This material 70 sends visible light, but does not have visible light to send on the zone 71 that does not have this material 70.So visible light only exists the place of this material 70 to send from this waveguide 64, and does not exist the place of this material 70 not have visible light to send on this waveguide 64.Therefore this waveguide 64 has the zone (corresponding to the zone that has this material 70) and the not obvious zone 71 of sending visible light of sending visible light.If having the striped of the paper plane of going into Figure 17 by extending in the zone of this material 70 forms, so the zone of sending out visible light of this waveguide 64 on size, shape and position corresponding to the conductive area 10 of the parallax barrier among Figure 15 3, and the zone of not sending out visible light of this waveguide 64 on size, shape and position corresponding to the zone of opacity 11 of the parallax barrier among Figure 15 3.Thereby backlight 66 of the display among Figure 16 combines the function of the parallax mirror 3 of display among conventional backlight and Figure 15, and this display is operated in directional pattern, and second lens arra 61 can be seen as to the imaging of parallax mirror.Spacing between the image of this parallax mirror and the image display layer is less than the spacing between this parallax mirror and the image display layer, thereby obtained aforementioned advantages.

This material 70 can be provided on the front 67 of this waveguide rather than, perhaps and, on the back side 68 of this waveguide.Be applicable to as the fluorescent belt of this material 70 and in common unsettled UK Patent Application No.0401064.1, describe that it is combined in herein as the reference data.

The material 70 that is provided on the waveguide 67 among Figure 17 embodiment is not limited to fluorescent material, in other words, can be, such as, a kind of phosphorescent material.

Display 63 " can switch to directed display mode from two dimensional mode at an easy rate.By opening visible light source 65b and turning off another light source 65a, it can be operated on the two-dimensional model, and perhaps by turning off visible light source 65b and opening another light source 65a, it can be operated on the directional pattern.

Figure 18 is the structural design sectional view of further display 72 of the present invention.This display 72 is in many aspects corresponding to the display among Figure 15 63, only describes wherein difference at this.

72 li of displays in Figure 18, do not exist among Figure 15 parallax barrier 3 with separate backlight.On the contrary, it is backlight 73 that this display 72 has, perhaps by backlight 73 illuminate, this backlight 73 send a kind of preferably along the parallel light of the axle of this display 72.

In the display 72 of Figure 18, there is not first imaging device 60 of display among Figure 15.On the contrary, a kind of light pilot unit 60 ' be used to roughly is directed to directional light on this is backlight on right form or the left form any.In addition, pixel column C1, the C3 that this light pilot unit and second imaging device 61 are configured to make the light that points to right form to pass through to show right image, C5 or the like, and the light that points to left form passes through the pixel column C2, the C4 that show left image, C6 or the like.Thereby the display among Figure 18 has a kind of brightness that has improved, with reference in the past about the description of the display among Figure 15 63.

In the embodiment of Figure 18, light pilot unit 60 ' be the prism that Figure 18 paper plane is gone in row's extension.The pel spacing Pp of this prism array preferably is approximately the twice of the pel spacing of image display layer 4.The light that enters the surface 76 of this prism array is directly gone on one or more unit of lens arra 61, and each unit of this lens arra 61 focuses light rays on separately the pixel again.This light can be focused on the point 77 on the pixel planes, perhaps on the point 77 in the plane between the plane of this lens arra and pixel 4.

The light focusing that transmits backlight is to point 77, and this point also conducts seam as light 77 this moments.Zone between the point 77 is dark.Angular distance between left-side images and the image right is decided by a little 77 plane and the interval S v between the image display layer 4.Thereby this embodiment allows to produce the angular distance of broad between view, allow substrate 75 boths of substrate 5 and imaging device can be made relative thick and firm simultaneously.For instance,

substrate

5,75 can have the thickness of about 0.5mm.

This light pilot unit is not limited to prism array, in other words, such as, can form by lens arra.

Among the embodiment in Figure 18, this light pilot unit 60 ' and second imaging device 61 be shown as and have public light conductive substrate 62.Also might make light pilot unit 60 ' have the substrate that separates with second imaging device 61.

In a kind of optimal case, backlight 73 can and send between the non-calibration mode of non-parallel light at the calibration mode that sends directional light and switch.Send the non-parallel light time when backlight, this light pilot unit can not only import light in a left side and the right form, so this display is operated in the conventional two-dimensional model.Thereby in this optimal case, by adjusting non-parallel light or the directional light of sending respectively backlight, the display 72 among Figure 18 can be operated in any one in two dimensional mode or the bearing meter pattern.But this can realize by the scatterer that is equipped with a kind of switch in this front of backlight 73.When this scatterer was switched off, this parallel nature backlight was retained, so obtained a kind of directed display mode as mentioned above.When this scatterer was opened, this parallel nature backlight was destroyed, so obtained a kind of two dimensional mode.

Figure 19 be further display 72 of the present invention ' the structural design sectional view.As the embodiment of Figure 18, the display 72 of this embodiment ' the have directional light of sending, and preferably along this display 72 ' axle and parallel light backlight 73 perhaps illuminated by it.

Imaging device 74 is used to this backlight 73 light focusing that transmits.This imaging device 74 with backlight 73 light focusings that transmit to a large amount of points of laterally separating 77, wherein each point be placed on this backlight 73 and image display layer 4 between.In the display in Figure 19, imaging device is formed by the lens arra that is formed on the light conductive substrate 75.The parallel substantially pixel column C1...C6 that is extended in image display layer 4 of each lens in each lens arra, and on the light focusing that transmits on will this respective regions backlight in the point 76.

substrate

5,75 can have the thickness of about 0.5mm.

In Figure 19, focus on it point 77 that light backlight is arranged backlight 73 and image display layer 4 between.Focusing on it has the point 77 of light backlight also can be positioned at image display layer 4 to backlight 73 opposite side.If focusing on it has the point 77 of light backlight to be positioned at image display layer 4 to backlight 73 opposite side, they can be in another substrate interior of this display, and perhaps they can be between this display and the observer (press the image 30 of parallax barrier among Fig. 6 ' similar fashion).In Figure 19, be shown as be assigned to left-side images pixel will, if the point 77 that focusing has light backlight it at image display layer 4 to backlight 73 opposite side, will be assigned to image right, vice versa, with reference to the description among Fig. 6.

In a preferred embodiment, the pixels across spacing of this imaging device is about the twice of the pel spacing of this image display layer.This optimal case has following benefit, shows that the pixel column of left side (perhaps right side) image is mainly illuminated by the light that points to the left side (perhaps the right), thus this display 72 ' can further produce littler image mixing area and brighter form.

In preferred embodiment further, this display 72 among Figure 19 ' backlight 73 can and send between the non-calibration mode of non-parallel light at the calibration mode that sends directional light and switch.Send the non-parallel light time when this is backlight, this imaging device 74 can't be with light focusing backlight to point 76, so this display is operated in the conventional two-dimensional model.Thereby, in this optimal case, by adjusting non-parallel light or the directional light of sending respectively backlight, in two dimensional mode or the bearing meter pattern any one of the display 72 among Figure 19 ' can be operated in.But this can realize by the scatterer that is equipped with a kind of switch in this front of backlight 73.When this scatterer was switched off, this parallel nature backlight was retained, so a kind ofly as mentioned above obtained a kind of directed display mode.When this scatterer was opened, this parallel nature backlight was destroyed, so obtained a kind of two dimensional mode.

Though Figure 19 shows lens arra as imaging device, the present invention not merely is limited on the imaging device of this type.In principle, microstructure (such as, Fresnel Lenses) any convergence, diffraction or refraction all can be used to replace standard lens.This imaging device can also utilize the holographic optics unit to form.

In the embodiment of Figure 15 to 19, each lens arra 60,61,61 ' can be or be not to integrate with substrate 62.If lens arra 60,61,61 ' not integrated with this substrate 62, the refractive index of this lens arra can be identical with the refractive index of this substrate 62 or different.This substrate 62 can be, such as, glass substrate.

In the embodiment of Figure 15 to 19, imaging device 60,60 ', 61 (for example lens shown in this figure or layers of prisms) can be attached on the substrate 5 and/or backlight 73 of this video display board by using a kind of bonding agent.The refractive index of this bonding agent is preferably compared much lower with the refractive index of the material of these lens or layers of prisms.These lens or layers of prisms can be by any suitable material for example, and for instance, glass or plastic material are made.

The foregoing description comprises a kind of parallax barrier of canonical form, and marshalling ground, slit wherein crosses this fence repeatedly.Common unsettled UK Patent Application nos.0228644.1,0306516.6 and 0315170.1 has disclosed the display with non-standard structure parallax barrier.Such as, common pending application No.0306516.6 has disclosed a kind of parallax barrier, and slit wherein is set in the repeating groups of being separated by a kind of interblock space, and the slit in each group is separated less than interval in the group of interblock space by a kind of again.By confirming that image that parallax mirror and imaging device cooperation produce the parallax mirror has the non-standard structure of this requirement, this type of non-standard parallax barrier can be integrated in the embodiments of the invention.This can be realized by following mode: the parallax mirror 3 that (a) has cases of otherwise standard design is in conjunction with foregoing standard lens array 29; (b) has foregoing standard parallax mirror 3 in conjunction with non-standard lens arra 29; This non-standard lens arra 29 can suitably have patterns not necessarily cylindrical, not necessarily straight lens or can include opaque spot on lens face; Perhaps (c) has both non-standard parallax mirror 3 and non-standard lens arra 29.

Above-mentioned any one comprise among the embodiment of lens arra that this lens arra can be GRIN (graded index) lens.

Figure 20 has shown the display 63 among Figure 16 ' a kind of remodeling backlight.Among Figure 20 this first waveguide 94 and one or more first light source of arranging along the first waveguide side 95 of comprising backlight.Two first light sources 95 have been shown among Figure 20, and they are arranged along opposite flank 94a, the 94b of first waveguide 94, but the present invention is not limited to this customized configuration, a light source also can only be arranged or have plural light source.This light source 95 is preferably along all of first waveguide or extend in all substantially corresponding sides and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

On the selection area 84 of the back side 94c of first waveguide 94, be equipped with scattering point.On this zone 84, exist the place of scattering point passable, for instance, be that also extending of striated goes into the paper of Figure 20, if the irradiate light of propagating in first waveguide has the place of scattering point in the zone 84 of the positive 94c of this waveguide, this light will be by direct reflection but is scattered out first waveguide, as above explanation (observer supposition is positioned at the highest point of this page in Figure 20, and the light that is scattered out first waveguide 94 is roughly on the direction that makes progress) about Figure 16.

In addition, this backlight also comprise second waveguide 94 ' and secondary light source 95 of arranging of one or more limit along first waveguide '.Second waveguide 94 ' be placed on after first waveguide 94, and in parallel haply; Second waveguide 94 ' on size and shape is roughly corresponding to first waveguide 94.Two light sources 95 shown in Figure 20 ' along opposite side 94a ', the 94b ' arrangement of second waveguide 94, but the present invention is not limited thereto customized configuration also can use only a secondary light source or two above secondary light sources.This light source 95 ' preferably extend along all or all substantially respective side of second waveguide, and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

Scattering point is positioned on all positive 94d ' of second waveguide 94 substantially.Correspondingly, when secondary light source 95 ' irradiation, light is scattered away on most of zone of the front surface 94d ' of second waveguide.

Thereby backlight can between " prototype pattern " and " unified pattern ", the switching among Figure 20.In " prototype pattern ", first light source 95 throws light on and secondary light source 95 ' not illumination.Light is only propagated in first waveguide 94, this is backlight have light-emitting zone (this zone corresponding to exist in the zone 84 scattering point the place), and non-luminous zone (this zone is corresponding to the zone that does not have scattering point).In " unified pattern ", secondary light source 95 throws light on and light is propagated in second waveguide.Since scattering point 89 be positioned at substantially second waveguide 94 ' whole positive 94d ' on, in this " unified pattern ", this is backlight to provide even illumination substantially on its whole area.By will backlightly switching to " unified pattern " from " prototype pattern ", this display backlight that has among Figure 20 can be from the bearing meter mode switch to conventional two dimensional mode.

In " unified pattern ", first light source 95 can throw light on or can not throw light on.If desired, first light source can be continued to open, so (keep the template waveguide light intensity that illumination may cause crossing this backlight area under unified pattern that some variations take place by opening or shut secondary light source 95 ' this backlight being in " unified pattern " or " prototype pattern " respectively, but in some applications, than this possible shortcoming, only more need) secondary light source 95 ' carry out switch.

For guaranteeing that internal reflection occurs on the trailing flank 94c of first waveguide, be necessary to make first waveguide 94 and second waveguide 94 ' between the space have the refractive index that is lower than first waveguide 94.This can by first waveguide 94 and second waveguide 94 ' between a clearance is set, perhaps also can first waveguide 94 and second waveguide 94 ' in the space in fill a kind of photoconductive material and realize easily with low-refraction.

The rear surface that has been equipped with the zone 84 of scattering point on first waveguide 94 can be made has reflectivity, such as, by adopting metal-coating.If accomplish this point, any be scattered point scattering to second waveguide 94 ' light will be reflected back toward direction towards the observer.If (rear surface that has been equipped with the zone 84 of scattering point on first waveguide 94 is made has reflectivity, just be necessary to make first light source and secondary light source to throw light on to obtain unified pattern, because catoptron will shield the light of going up scattering from second waveguide, 94 sound.)

Each waveguide can have a kind of antireflecting coating (not shown).

It is backlight that Figure 21 shows another kind of the present invention.This waveguide 94 and one or more light source 95 of arranging along this waveguide side of comprising backlight.Two light sources 95 shown in Figure 21 are arranged along opposite flank 94a, the 94b of waveguide 94, but the present invention is not limited thereto customized configuration also can be used only a light source or two above light sources.This light source 95 preferably extends along all or all substantially respective side of this waveguide, and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

This waveguide 94 comprises the liquid crystal material layer 87 that is clipped between two light conductive substrate 92,93.This liquid crystal layer is addressable, such as relying on the electrode (not shown) to produce the electric field that is applied on this liquid crystal layer 87.Regional 87A, the 87B of this liquid crystal layer (in Figure 21 with dotted line indication) can separate addressing, such as by suitably utilizing the template electrode on the selection area that electric field can be applied to this liquid crystal layer.Regional 87A, the 87B of this liquid crystal layer can be that for instance, the paper plane of Figure 21 is gone in also extending of striated.

Regional 87A, the 87B of this liquid crystal layer can be switched to a kind of backscatter mode or a kind of clearly, on the light conduction mode.If all liquid crystal regions all are switched on the light conduction mode, light will the mode with minimum scatter be propagated in this waveguide---and light is in the internal reflection of the end face 92a of upper substrate 92 experience, pass through this upper substrate 92 and liquid crystal layer 87 and enter lower substrate 93, on the 93b of the bottom surface of lower substrate 93, experience internal reflection and be reflected back toward upper substrate 92 or the like.This waveguide sends any light hardly.

In order to emit beam from this waveguide, one or more liquid crystal regions are switched to form and are illustrated as 85 scattering region among Figure 21.When the irradiate light of propagating in first waveguide is to this scattering region 85, light is scattered out waveguide, with reference to the content of being explained among Figure 16 before this (observer's supposition is positioned at the highest point of this page in Figure 21, and light roughly is being scattered out waveguide 94 on up the direction).

Figure 21 has shown that liquid crystal region 87A at interval is switched the waveguide that produces scattering region 85.Another liquid crystal region 87B is switched and makes it have non-scattering.Light only sends from the positive zone corresponding to the waveguide 94 of this scattering region 85 roughly, and this backlight working in " prototype pattern ".

Form scattering region if all liquid crystal region 87A, 87B are switched, this liquid crystal layer 87 is scattered beam on its entire area substantially, thereby light is issued from the entire area of this waveguide 94 substantially.Thereby, when all liquid crystal region 87A, 87B are switched when forming scattering region, this then work in " unified pattern " backlight.Therefore, by switchable liquid crystal zone correspondingly, this backlight can between " prototype pattern " and " unified pattern ", switching.By will backlightly switching to " unified pattern " from " prototype pattern ", this display backlight that has among Figure 21 can be from the bearing meter mode switch to conventional two dimensional mode.

In a kind of implementation backlight in Figure 21, the back side 92b of upper substrate 92 smoothly covers its entire area.This implementation requires layer 87 to comprise a kind of liquid crystal material, such as, disperse liquid crystal (PDLC) such as condensate, it can not take place to switch between the state of the state of obvious scattering and scattered beam when conducting light.By this liquid crystal layer region is switched to backscatter mode, thereby obtained scattering region 85.

Thereby for instance, the regional 87A of this liquid crystal layer is switched to backscatter mode to produce scattering region 85; The light of regional 87A that is crossing to this liquid crystal layer from upper substrate 92 is by this scattering liquid crystal, and some light are by reflection upwards and can pass the front of this waveguide 94.On the contrary, the regional 87B of this liquid crystal layer is switched to non-backscatter mode; The light of regional 87B that is crossing to this liquid crystal layer from upper substrate 92 just penetrates lower substrate simply not by this scattering liquid crystal.When the regional 87B of this liquid crystal layer is in non-backscatter mode, this backlight being in " prototype pattern ".

For obtaining this " unified pattern " backlight, All Ranges 87A, the 87B of this liquid crystal layer are switched on their backscatter mode.So the back side of this waveguide 94 scatters on its whole area substantially.

In this implementation, might change the size and the position of scattering region 85 and non-scattering region.Such as, might switch to backscatter mode to two adjacent lcd zones, next liquid crystal region switches to non-backscatter mode, following two liquid crystal regions switch to backscatter mode, next again liquid crystal region switches to non-backscatter mode or the like, to simulate a kind of 2: 1 apertures that have: the parallax barrier of grid ratio.

As selection, can be made very coarse corresponding to the zone of the back side 92b of the upper substrate 92 of the desired locations of scattering region 85, thus these zones scattered beams always.By this liquid crystal region being switched to backscatter mode or non-backscatter mode respectively, this backlight can between " unified pattern " and " prototype pattern ", switching.

As further selection, optically, the back side 92b of upper substrate can be coarse on its whole area.This embodiment needs a kind of liquid crystal material layer 87 with variable refractive index.By switching corresponding liquid crystal region 87A, can obtain scattering region 85, thereby the refractive index of this liquid crystal and the refractive index of waveguide 94 are not matched.The light of propagating in upper substrate will " be seen " the optically roughness face at the back side of this upper substrate, and will be scattered away.

By switching corresponding liquid crystal region 87B, can obtain a kind of non-scattering region, thereby the refractive index of the refractive index of the liquid crystal among the regional 87B and upper substrate 92 is complementary, the light of propagating in upper substrate will can " not seen " the optically roughness face, and will not have scattering ground (subsequently at the trailing flank 93b of lower substrate by internal reflection) to enter this liquid crystal layer.

Back at scattering region 85 can dispose a kind of catoptron, if the stationkeeping of this scattering region, as shown in Figure 21.Any be scattered regional 85 scatterings will be to the light of rear portion substrate 93 by these catoptron 86 reflections to the observer.

Figure 22 shows further backlight.This waveguide 94 and one or more light source 95 of arranging along this waveguide side of comprising backlight.Two light sources 95 shown in Figure 22 are arranged along opposite flank 94a, the 94b of waveguide 94, but the present invention is not limited thereto customized configuration also can be used only a light source or two above light sources.This light source 95 preferably extends along all or all substantially respective side of this waveguide, and can be, such as fluorescent tube.

On the selection area 84 of the back side of waveguide 94 94c, disposed scattering point.On this zone 84, exist the place of scattering point passable, for instance, be that also extending of striated goes into the paper of Figure 20, if the irradiate light of propagating in first waveguide has the place of scattering point in the zone 84 of the positive 94c of this waveguide, this light will be by direct reflection but is scattered out first waveguide, as above explanation (observer supposition is positioned at the highest point of this page in Figure 22, and the light that is scattered out first waveguide 94 is roughly on the direction that makes progress) about Figure 16.

Placed a lens arra 88 in the front of waveguide 94.Most of first direction (perhaps first scope of direction) 90 and the second direction (perhaps second scope of direction) 91 of importing of light that this lens arra sends waveguide 94.First direction (perhaps first scope of direction) 90 and second direction (perhaps second scope of direction) 91 preferably the 3rd scope of the direction by comprising reference direction are separated.Because light is led light intensity on first and second directions (perhaps first and second scopes of direction), 90,91, the first and second directions (perhaps first and second scopes of direction) greater than the intensity on the 3rd scope of direction by major part.First direction (perhaps first scope of direction) 90 and second direction (perhaps second scope of direction) 91 are positioned at the opposite side of reference direction, and preferably substantially with respect to this reference direction symmetry.

The bearing meter that is specially adapted to backlight among Figure 22.A typical dual view display, such as, two width of cloth images shown along the opposite side of reference direction.Backlight among Figure 22 shows the direction of two width of cloth images with the most of dual view display that imports of light, thereby produces very bright image.On the contrary, conventional high-high brightness backlight is along reference direction, so when from when direction of principal axis is observed, its brightness is lower.

One four view illuminator can use two-dimensional array of micro-lenses and two-dimensional scattering lattice array to produce, and this will produce four width of cloth views, and wherein two width of cloth views are positioned on other two width of cloth views, thereby produce the view with level and perpendicular separation.

Figure 23 shows further backlight.This is backlight to be similar to backlight among Figure 22, and it has a lens arra that is used for will emission light importing two optimum orientations (perhaps direction scope) 90,91.In addition, backlight among Figure 23 also comprise second waveguide 94 arranged along the corresponding edge of second waveguide 95 ' and secondary light source 95 '.Substantially second waveguide 95 ' whole front all dispose scattering point 89.Second waveguide 95 among Figure 23 ' roughly corresponding to second waveguide 95 among Figure 20 '.Backlight can between " prototype pattern " and " unified pattern ", the switching among Figure 23 in above-mentioned Figure 20 mode backlight that is used for.

Backlight can incorporating among Figure 20 to 23, such as, the display 63 among Figure 16 ' or Figure 17 in display 63 ".

In the embodiment of Figure 20 to 23, the density that can regulate scattering point is to change the homogeneity of space illumination, with the intensity of compensation because of the light of propagating in the waveguide that reduces apart from increasing of light source 95.This can be applied on two waveguides among the embodiment of Figure 20 and 23.

In the embodiment of Figure 20 to 23, scattering point can be substituted by the micro-reflection structure such as prism, prominent point or the like.For instance, this can be used to control the direction from the waveguide zone emission light that has disposed scattering point.

The foregoing description can change aspect a lot of and still be in the category of additional claim.Possible variation comprises, but is not limited to following:

In all embodiment, a kind of imaging device that is formed by single lens arra is provided, in this embodiment at the position of this imaging device, this imaging device also can be made up of the lens arra of one group of reality, and effective equivalent of this lens arra is the single lens arra with identical effective focal length.

In all the foregoing descriptions, this imaging device forms the image of this parallax mirror, and this display can comprise an above parallax mirror.This imaging device is to the imaging of one first parallax mirror, as mentioned above.Can dispose another parallax mirror improves and crosstalks or eliminate time form to change light.Dispose one second parallax mirror will provide one at, such as, the solution of the problem of describing among Fig. 7 B.Can use the second parallax mirror to crosstalk or inferior form reducing together with above-mentioned other technologies.

Aforementioned display device shows two width of cloth views, but the described embodiment of neither one is restricted to and only shows two width of cloth views, and the above view of two width of cloth also can be shown.In addition, aforementioned display device produces the form of laterally separating, but the present invention can be applied to producing the form of vertical separation, perhaps produces in the display that laterally divides Separative observation window and vertical branch Separative observation window.

The imaging device of the display among Fig. 9 D also can be made of three lens arras by the generation type that is similar to the imaging device of display among Fig. 9 A.

Display among Figure 11 can have a window shutter that is similar to the opaque chimb that display had among Fig. 7 F to be arranged, to eliminate the inferior form of distortion.

Claims

1. a display with multiple view angle comprises: parallax mirror (3); Pixel-level image display layer (4); And imaging device (29; 29 '; 39; 43; 44; 45; 47; 48; 61), be used for a imaging to this parallax mirror (3) and this image display layer (4), make one image in this parallax mirror and this image display layer and the spacing between in this parallax mirror and this image display layer another less than or greater than the spacing between this parallax mirror and this image display layer, thus, increase or reduce angular distance between two width of cloth forms (13,14) that this display produces respectively.

2. display as claimed in claim 1 wherein, further disposes described imaging device, and the pel spacing that makes the image of this parallax mirror or this image display layer have equals the pel spacing of this parallax mirror or image display layer.

3. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this parallax mirror (3) is placed on this image display layer (4) afterwards, and wherein this imaging device is placed between this parallax mirror (3) and this image display layer (4) and in use, forms the image (30,30 ') of this parallax mirror (3).

4. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this image display layer (4) is placed on this parallax mirror (3) afterwards, and wherein this imaging device is placed between this image display layer (4) and this parallax mirror (3) and in use, forms the image of this image display layer.

5. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is configured to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer, and its width equals the width of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer substantially.

6. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is configured to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer, and its width is greater than the width of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer.

7. the display described in claim 6, wherein this imaging device is configured to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer, and its width is the integral multiple of width of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer substantially.

8. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is configured to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer, and its width is less than the width of this parallax mirror or this image display layer.

9. the display described in claim 8, wherein this imaging device is configured to produce the image of the pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer, and its width equals the width of pixel of the unit of this parallax mirror or this image display layer substantially divided by an integer.

10. display as claimed in claim 8 comprises the shield assembly of the image of the one or more unit that are used to shield this parallax mirror in addition.

11. the display described in claim 10, wherein this shield assembly comprises the zone of opacity between a large amount of of being extended in this imaging device and this parallax mirror and this image display layer.

12. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2 comprises a scattering layer, the position of this scattering layer can make its plane with the image of the image of this parallax mirror or this image display layer overlap substantially.

13. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device has variable focal length.

14. the display described in claim 13, it has a controller that is used to control this imaging device focal length.

15. the display described in claim 14, comprise first tracking means that is used to determine distance between this display and observer in addition, wherein this controller in use, reception is from the output of this tracking means, and controls the focal length of this imaging device thus based on the distance between this display and observer.

16. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device has variable focal length and variable power.

17. the display described in claim 16, it has one and is used to control the focal length of this imaging device and the controller of magnification.

18. display as claimed in claim 13 comprises a scattering layer in addition.

19. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device comprises a lens arra.

20. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device comprise first and second can be disabled lens arra, first lens arra is by with respect to the second lens arra transverse shift; And wherein this display comprises a controller, is used to start among first lens arra or second lens arra any, forbids in first and second lens arras another simultaneously.

21. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device can laterally move with respect to one in this parallax mirror and this image display layer.

22. display as claimed in claim 20, and comprise second tracking means, be used to judge the lateral attitude of observer with respect to this display.

23. the display described in claim 20, and comprise second tracking means, be used for determining the lateral attitude of observer with respect to this display, wherein this controller in use receives the output of second tracking means.

24. the display described in claim 21, comprise second tracking means, be used to judge the lateral attitude of observer with respect to this display, wherein this imaging device can be based on the output of second tracking means with respect to one lateral attitude in this parallax mirror and the image display layer and Be Controlled.

25. display as claimed in claim 15 comprises the observer's who is used to differentiate this display device in addition.

26. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is fixing with respect to one in this parallax mirror and this image display layer, and removable with respect in this parallax mirror and this image display layer another.

27. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is adapted to produce the image of this parallax mirror or image display layer, this image has lateral excursion with respect to this image display layer or this parallax mirror, this display in use shows first and second images whereby, makes the angular region of the image of winning be different from the angular region of second image.

28. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is a kind of asymmetric imaging device.

29. the display described in claim 28, wherein each unit of this imaging device comprises first parts and second parts with second focal length that is different from first focal length with first focal length.

30. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this imaging device is configured such that the image of this parallax mirror or image display layer is a virtual image.

31. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this parallax mirror or image display layer are cooperated with this imaging device and are produced the image with uneven pel spacing of this parallax mirror or image display layer.

32. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this parallax mirror or image display layer are cooperated with this imaging device and are produced the image of this parallax mirror or image display layer, this image be arranged in this parallax mirror and this image display layer another to the opposite side of the face of this parallax mirror or image display layer.

33. display as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this parallax mirror or image display layer are cooperated with this imaging device and produce the image of this parallax mirror or image display layer beyond this displays.

34. a display with multiple view angle comprises: calibrate (73) backlight; Pixel-level image display layer (4); And imaging device (74), (73) backlight of the calibration that is used for hanging oneself in the future focus on the point (77) of a plurality of horizontal separations, and each described point is positioned between described calibration (73) backlight and the image display layer (4).

35. the display described in claim 34, wherein this imaging device produces this calibration image backlight substantially on the plane of this image display layer.

36. the display described in claim 34, wherein this imaging device produces this calibration image backlight on the plane between backlight and this image display layer at this.

37. the display described in claim 34, wherein this imaging device produces this calibration image backlight at this image display layer to the opposite side plane of this shady face.

38. as the described display of arbitrary claim in the claim 34,35,36,37, wherein this backlight can be operated in selectively the calibration calibration backlight or non-backlight on.

39. display as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a light conductive substrate, a face and a parallax mirror on the described substrate link, and another face and a lens arra link.

40. the display described in claim 39, wherein this parallax mirror is formed on the one side of this substrate or is adjacent with this face.

41. the display described in claim 39 or 40, wherein this lens arra is formed on the another side of this substrate or is adjacent with this face.

42. as claim 39 or 40 described displays, wherein this substrate, this parallax mirror and this lens arra are used as integral unit formation.