CN1294695A - 多层显示器及在这种显示器上显示图像的方法 - Google Patents

多层显示器及在这种显示器上显示图像的方法 Download PDF

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CN1294695A
CN1294695A CN98813714A CN98813714A CN1294695A CN 1294695 A CN1294695 A CN 1294695A CN 98813714 A CN98813714 A CN 98813714A CN 98813714 A CN98813714 A CN 98813714A CN 1294695 A CN1294695 A CN 1294695A
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P·维特伊拉
G·D·恩格尔
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Abstract

一种显示器包括多层次屏幕,每个屏幕是选择性透明的且具有显示图像的能力。一种限定屏幕层的方法,通过把以连续时间为基础的象素变化用作限定层的变量在屏幕层上显示图像。

Description

多层显示器及在这种显示器上显示图像的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及显示器件，尤其是涉及包括多层图像的显示器结构以及从两维视频数据中提取深度以在这种显示器上进行显示的方法。
背景技术
常规的显示器件在两维屏幕上呈现图像。普通的显示器为阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)、场效应显示器(FED)以及其中的投影显示器。已进行各种尝试，以在两维显示器上结合深度感。这些方法通过给观众的每个眼睛呈现分开的图像来实现深度感。
实现深度感的主要方法是立体和自动立体显示器。
立体显示器一般使用合成图像，这些合成图像被观众佩戴的眼镜分离成两个图像。眼镜中的每个眼镜片允许某些特征光图样通过而到达各个眼睛。实现此目的的通常方法是使用偏振、光闸(shutter)眼镜、衍射(defraction)光栅、多色透镜和双屏蔽头戴式显示器。
自动立体显示器不使用眼镜，而是一般使用这样的透镜结构，其中屏幕上的立体图像通过透镜或光栅对准，以聚焦在观众各个眼睛的整个区域。
与这些显示器有关的一个主要问题在于，不能获得与观众眼睛之间的距离匹配的立体图像的会聚。不准确地会聚导致无方向感及长期观看时可能会恶心。在大多数自动立体显示器的情况下，观看区域仅限于所使用的透镜的焦距。这限制了同时观看单个屏幕的观众的数目。传统的自动立体显示器仅限于一二个人同时观看。而传统的立体显示器需要所有的用户都佩戴眼镜。此外，这些方法中的每一个都需要配合头部跟踪装置，以实现运动视差。
已使用多层次图像进行了某些设计(美国专利4，736，214)。这些设计把来自单个或多个源的反射图像相结合。这些设计的反射图像产生了“叠影”般的多层图像，通常在正常照明情况下是不可接受的。
经由天线、VCR、电缆等发送到这些显示器件的图像一般在发射期间被压缩。通常，这些压缩算法根据连续帧之间的象素变化来进行压缩。
本发明的一个目的是解决上述问题或至少给公众提供一个有用的选择。
从以下描述将使本发明的其它方面和优点变得明显起来，这些描述仅通过举例给出。
发明内容
本发明的目的是说明一种显示器，该显示器在结合实际深度的同时改善了上述对显示器件的限制。
依据本发明，通过组合多层选择性透明屏幕来产生深度。每个屏幕能示出一个图像。每个前景屏幕也能变得透明。
本发明的较佳实施例通过组合产生真实深度的多层选择性透明屏幕，同时结合公共压缩算法将图像分离成将在多层显示器的每个屏幕上显示的分开通道(channel)，产生了一种改进的结合深度的显示器件。为此已使用了多种技术来解决原有技术的许多问题。
现在，本说明书将参考对每个屏幕层利用LCD的本发明。然而，本领域内的技术人员应理解，结合本发明，可使用选择性地示出图像以及选择性地变透明的其它类型的屏幕，而不一定要LCD。
在本发明的一个较佳实施例中，屏幕相互平行对准，它们之间有一预定距离。此距离依据有关屏幕尺寸的想要的深度层次。通常，虽然可改变实际距离来适应想要的效果，但此距离为前屏幕的垂直高度的1／4。也可实时地改变屏幕之间的距离来增强效果。
显示在离观众最远的屏幕(背景屏幕)上的图像将出现在显示于离观众最近的屏幕(前景屏幕)上的图像后面的某一深度处。前景屏幕的透明部分将使观众看见显示在背景屏幕上的图像。
这种分层的多个屏幕的布置使得图像呈现在多个层次上，从而给观众提供真实的深度，而不使用眼镜或透镜。它还虑及运动视差而无需头部跟踪器件。
还可增加附加的层，以对显示器给出更大的深度。
此外，可把折射器(refractor)置于屏幕之间以增大视角。此折射层使光弯折，从而把视角增加到置于折射器前的屏幕的整个尺寸。折射器可以是一片平行的光学透明材料或任何其它类型的透镜(包括菲涅尔透镜)。
如果选用的前景屏幕器件需要偏振光源来显示图像，则此偏振光源可从背景屏幕中发出。这是通过把偏振片置于非偏振屏幕前面或把诸如LCD等偏振光输出显示器用作背景屏幕来实现的。
从背景屏幕发出的偏振光使得LCD结构的前景屏幕除去其后偏振器而仍旧显示图像。这是因为背景屏幕提供了在前景屏幕上产生可观看图像所需的偏振光这一事实。
除去LCD结构中若干偏振器的优点是减少了部件数目且增加了显示器亮度。
在这种结构中，如果偏振源被阻挡，则前景图像不再出现在前景屏幕上。通过在偏振光源和前景屏幕之间放置高度散射(diffuse)材料，在偏振光被阻挡时前景图像将消失。这给出了所显示的前景图像在散射源后经过的错觉。为了增强此效果，散射器也可包含图像。
例如，前景屏幕显示从屏幕左端移向右端的箭头。在前景屏幕和偏振器之间放置一打印在散射材料上的苹果的图像。当箭头处于其偏振光源被散射材料阻挡的位置时，它看上去好象落到了打印在此散射器件上的苹果后面。
通过使用选择性散射器替代散射材料，可选择性地散射呈现在后屏幕上的图像，虑及待传送的无限深度。
在使用多层LCD时，所述LCD的偏振器必须如此对准，从而背景LCD的偏振角与前景LCD后面的偏振角对准。在想要高亮度的情况下，或者如果可颠倒前景图像，则不需要对准偏振器。在此情况下，颠倒的前景图像看上去将不颠倒(颠倒图像的颠倒=不颠倒图像)。
在某些屏幕组合中必须包括轻微散射层，以消除莫尔干涉图样。它的附加效果是不需要对准偏振器并增大了视角。
显示器的每一层都具有各自的视频信号。这些信号可以是从分开的源始发的，或者是从单个源的常规信号中提取的。
在使用分开的源的两层显示器中，可把背景作为一个信号并把前景作为第二信号发送到其各自的屏幕。例如，背景图像可以是一座山，前景图像可以是在山前经过的汽车。
可以用多个常规的摄像机或三维摄像机或蓝屏或色度键或阿尔法通道或工业标准摄像机的任意组合对分开的源进行拍摄。
可使用在发送视频数据时所使用的常规压缩算法来进行单个源深度的提取。已有技术的视频压缩算法通常利用连续帧之间的象素变化，以减少所发送的数据的带宽。可使用从视频压缩算法中获取的有关象素变化的这种数据，根据每个象素所经历的变化量来提取深度。
把经压缩的信号发送给显示器，其中每一层的视频流是从以象素变化为基础的信号中提取的。
例如，标准视频可由经过一座山的汽车构成。如此固定摄像机，从而汽车通过视野而山仍旧保持在该帧内。
在这种视频中，代表汽车通过的象素将发生变化，而代表山的像素将保持恒定。因而，将把具有最大变化(汽车)的象素分配给前景屏幕，而把具有最小变化(山脉)的象素分配给背景屏幕。
应理解，有关偏振的概述部分不限于LCD结构，因为本领域内的技术人员可容易地理解，如果需要，则其它非偏振显示器可适合于结合某些偏振特征。
此外，本领域内的技术人员容易理解，以上概述覆盖了所有屏幕类型的使用，而不仅仅是LCD。此屏幕类型的唯一要求是透明的。因此，应理解它将覆盖投影、CRT、FED和LCD屏幕，但不限于此。
附图概述
从以下仅通过举例给出的描述并参考附图将使本发明的其它方面变得明显起来，其中：
图1是依据本发明一个实施例的基本多层显示器的概略图。
图2示出具有依据本发明一个实施例的折射器的多层屏幕。
图3示出依据本发明一个实施例的多层显示器中的莫尔干涉图样。
图4示出依据本发明一个实施例的散射器及其对莫尔干涉图样的影响。
图5示出依据本发明一个实施例的深度增加的多层显示器。
图6示出依据本发明一个实施例的透明度增加的多层显示器。
图7示出依据本发明一个实施例的三层次显示器。
图8示出依据本发明一个实施例的给每个屏幕层次显示图像的方法。
本发明的较佳实施方式
以下，将揭示出对本发明较佳实施例的详细描述。虽然揭示了完整的说明，但本领域内的技术人员应理解，可独立地或结合本发明的其它示例来使用较佳实施例的每一方面，同时仍旧符合对多层显示器件的总的说明。
本发明的较佳实施例通过组合多层选择性透明屏幕产生了改进的结合深度的显示器件。
图1中示出简化的多层图像显示器。把背景屏幕1置于前景屏幕3后面的一定距离2处。在诸如LCD等某些显示器类型中，可能需要背面照明4。每个屏幕都能示出图像5、6。与显示在背景屏幕5上的图像相比，显示在前景屏幕6上的图像看上去较近。
在图2中示出增加了一个置于屏幕之间的折射器。发送到观众8的光7以材料折射角10弯折到9，从而从任何视角都不能看到后屏幕的边缘。如果没有光的折射，则可从小于90度的任何角度11清楚地看到后屏幕的边缘。
为了使变形最小，可把诸如玻璃或丙烯酸等一片平行的光学透明材料用作折射器12。这种折射器将把前屏幕3的尺寸限制到小于背景屏幕1的尺寸。在本发明的较佳实施例中，前景屏幕的尺寸使其边缘离后屏幕的边缘不小于135度。
在另一较佳实施例中，折射器可以是包括菲涅尔透镜，但不限于此。在该实施例中，屏幕可以具有类似的尺寸。
在图4中示出增加一个置于屏幕之间的轻微散射层13。没有这一层，后续屏幕层稍有不同的象素图案的组合将产生干涉14。把散射层13置于屏幕之间使每个屏幕中的象素图案稍微散射，从而消除了干涉15。
或者，可通过在一屏幕上使用条状象素图案而在另一屏幕上使用45度的斜线象素图案来消除干涉。
为了进一步说明，在图5中示出完整的组件。此组合产生了具有由屏幕3、6之间的距离所限定的有限真实深度的显示器。通过加一个选择性散射器，它还产生了无限深度的错觉。
把偏振片17置于后屏幕1的前面。这样产生了偏振光源。或者，后屏幕也可以是具有偏振输出的LCD。在偏振器前面放置选择性散射器18。在该散射器前面放置折射器8。在折射器前面放置没有后偏振器的LCD16。
当把选择性散射器设定为透明时，后屏幕输出偏振光，以便看得见前景屏幕上的图像。
当把选择性散射器设定为散射时，后屏幕的偏振光输出被转换成散射光，使得前景图像看不见。
通过诸如LCD等某些屏幕技术，希望具有使前景屏幕不透明的能力。在图6中示出此较佳实施例。此组合产生了使前景屏幕不透明的显示器。在此结构中，后屏幕1的后面是折射器12，折射器12后面是选择性散射器18，散射器18后面是前景屏幕3。为了使前景屏幕上的图像不透明，选择选择性散射器来散射被选中为不透明的区域后面的区域。
在本发明的再一个实施例中，图6示出结合了先前所述技术中的大多数技术的三层显示器。此显示器提供了三个有限深度平面，最近的屏幕19因置于其后的选择性散射器18而变为选择性不透明。中间的LCD屏幕16将具有无限深度，因为它没有后偏振器，且后偏振器17前面的选择性散射器18能散射操作需要的偏振光。
在图8中示出把图像发送到屏幕的一般方法。图像19被发送到背景屏幕1。图像20被发送到前景屏幕3。
或者，可使用大多数普通视频压缩算法产生的数据从单个图像中提取分开的视频信号。例如，发送汽车在山21前经过的视频信号，产生一帧序列22。通过视频压缩算法23来馈送此序列，该视频压缩算法23把图像转换成代表象素特性(诸如象素颜色、象素位置和连续帧之间象素运动量)的数字序列。
在此例中，经由路径24把变化值超过阈值X的象素发送到前景屏幕，而经由路径25把变化值低于X的象素发送到背景屏幕。在本实例(图8)中，代表汽车的象素具有高的象素变化值，把这些象素引向前景屏幕，而把象素变化值小于X的山引向背景屏幕。
本领域内的技术人员可容易理解，可调节该值的阈值和公差，以获得各种输出。此外，可在具有两层以上的多层显示器中定义多个阈值。
因而，从上述详细描述和附图中可看出，本发明包括在显示器中显示深度的方法，从而虑及运动视差、真实会聚和宽的视角而没有已有技术显示器的观看限制。
还可理解，每个部件都各自增强了显示器的深度，但它们可单独及组合地进行操作以改善传统的显示器。对本领域内的技术人员很明显的，可以各种方式组合以下的权利要求。
仅通过举例描述了本发明的诸方面，应理解，可对其进行修改和增补而不背离本发明的范围。

Claims (21)

1．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成。
2．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且层间有折射器的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成。
3．如权利要求2中所述的显示器，所述折射器为置于图像之间的光学透明材料，从而前景中的图像离其后面的屏幕的边缘不小于45度。
4．如权利要求2中所述的显示器，所述折射器是菲涅尔透镜。
5．如权利要求2和3中所述的显示器，所述折射器在面对后屏幕的一侧上被散射。
6．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且能够实时地调节图像之间的空间的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成。
7．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且分层图像如此对准的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成，即分层图像对准得可相对于其各自的象素对准结构测得45度角。
8．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明的一个偏振显示器件或偏振显示器件的组合来形成。
9．如权利要求8中所述的显示器，所述偏振器如此对准，从而相互面对的偏振器对准成同一偏振角。
10．如权利要求8中所述的显示器，所述偏振器不对准。
11．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且除去内部面对的偏振器的一个偏振显示器件或偏振显示器件的组合来形成。
12．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且除去单个内部面对的偏振器的一个偏振显示器件或偏振显示器件的组合来形成。
13．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且轻微散射层置于背景图像的前面的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成。
14．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且除去单个内部面对的偏振器再引入一物体以阻挡偏振光到达前景图像的一个偏振显示器件或偏振显示器件的组合来形成。
15．如权利要求8中所述的显示器，选择性散射器用来散射光而使前景图像不透明。
16．如权利要求12中所述的显示器，选择性散射层通过阻挡偏振光使需要偏振光的前景图像透明。
17．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成，它结合了两维图像的数字或模拟深度提取技术。
18．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成，结合两维图像的数字或模拟深度提取技术是象素与前一帧和下一帧的变化量指示要分配的深度量。
19．如权利要求17中所述的显示器，象素子集的聚焦量指示要分配的深度量。
20．如权利要求17中所述的显示器，象素子集的清晰度量指示要分配的深度量。
21．一种使用多层图像的显示器，每一层由其中前景屏幕为选择性透明且显示部件产生不移动图像的一个显示器件或显示器件的组合来形成。
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ATE500532T1 (de) 2011-03-15

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