CN1281349A - Layered absorbent structure with zoned basis weight - Google Patents
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- CN1281349A CN1281349A CN98811930.7A CN98811930A CN1281349A CN 1281349 A CN1281349 A CN 1281349A CN 98811930 A CN98811930 A CN 98811930A CN 1281349 A CN1281349 A CN 1281349A
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/530569—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the particle size
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/5307—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the quantity or ratio of superabsorbent material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/530708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the absorbency properties
- A61F2013/530737—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the absorbency properties by the absorbent capacity
- A61F2013/530744—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the absorbency properties by the absorbent capacity by the absorbency under load
Abstract
A distinctive absorbent article includes an absorbent core having multiple absorbent layers, wherein the absorbent layers interact in such a manner which preferentially locates absorbed liquid in an appointed, high saturation wicking layer. The localization of the liquid within this wicking layer increases the potential of this layer to move liquid through capillary action due to the higher saturation level and increased amount of liquid available. In additional aspects, at least one primary layer region can have a non-uniform, selectively zoned basis weight distribution. Particular configurations of the at least one primary layer region can be constructed with a target area of the primary layer region having a basis weight which is less than a basis weight of another non-target portion of the primary layer region.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of layered absorbent structure.Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of stratified compound absorbent structure that has single layer, make each layer structure and be arranged in optionally cooperating, so that desired performance parameter to be provided in this compound hierarchy.
Background of invention
Disposable absorbent article, as baby diaper, its performance objective comprises that goods do not have and sews, makes the wearer that dry feeling and comfortable and easy to wear in the phase in life of product is arranged.Therefore, absorbent product generally comprises absorbent article core that liquid handling is provided and the absorbent article core that can satisfy other required moisture absorbings of properties of product target.The absorbent article core of absorbent product generally comprises wood pulp cellulose, is generally the hygroscopic capacity of enhance liquid simultaneously and is distributed in superabsorbent material in the absorbent article core.Absorbent article core is made into hourglass shape, T type or the similar narrower configuration of crotch portion district's moisture absorption width usually, to be suitable for comfortable dress.
Absorbent product did not usually just leak before the imbibition ability of whole absorbent article core is all utilized.Cause a problem of leakage to be, when a large amount of liquid flowed into absorbent product, absorbent article core can not be fast and fully with its absorption.With leak relevant problem in addition, absorbent article core can't vent gap with the liquid of q.s by the target area part of absorbent product move or be distributed to unemployed absorbent article core still than distal part and end region.This causes the target area, middle part of absorbent article core only saturated, and the too thick big and heavy hygroscopic material of moist tenesmus makes the bad and wearer of performance feel very uncomfortable.For the absorbent articles design of those slim narrow crotch, the shortcoming of absorbent article core is particularly outstanding.The crotch portion width of these designs uses the absorbent articles of less quality and volume less than 4 inches in the target area, so that improve the adaptability of product.
The absorbent article core of existing absorbent product is not enough to realize current performance objective.Imbibition and distributed function to the needed absorbent article core in upstream in the absorbent product design of the greater efficiency of narrower crotch portion have also all exceeded existing ability.As a result, the demand of such absorbent structure is still existed, this absorbent structure should be able to improve stained absorption of fluid and distribution, so that in the discharge opeing gap liquid is shifted out the target area, remains its Liquid Absorption behavior thereby reach in that life of product is interim.
Summary of the invention
Disclosed invention is the moisture absorption system that comprises multilamellar moisture absorption layer district, and this two or more absorbed layers district advantageously interacts, and its mode is to have specified liquid preferably to place in the floor district of selecting.This liquid position in this layer region is owing to the saturation that improves and increase available amount of liquid, makes the potential energy raising of this floor district by the capillarity moving liquid.The absorption ability of moisture absorption system can keep or improve existing systems, and the second layer district that is about to this moisture absorption system still can remain in low saturation levels at this product through as far as possible repeatedly stained.Just can provide optimum absorption performance by controlling this composite character suitably simultaneously.Low saturated stained vacant space and the high permeability of providing for next time in this layer, this makes the absorption speed of whole moisture absorption system be improved.The character in this floor district is can be favourable to balance each other with suitable high-caliber capillary tension, prevents undesirable leakage basically to provide enough liquid to control.Should can be additional to the additional draw function that one deck surge is handled also can provide surge material to provide on the material in low zone of saturation district.
In special aspects of the present invention, the body-side layers of absorbent structure can not extend to the whole surface of moisture absorption system, and can be formed from the additional draw layer segment in the high saturated wicking floor of energy district.In fact this layout makes that drawing floor district directly contacts with the liquid that flows into, thereby allows influent to enter rapidly, and can improve the absorption function of liquid.
On the other hand, at least one basic floor district can be non-homogeneous, sectional basis weight profile optionally.The concrete structure at least one basic floor district is to make the basic weight of the target basic weight partly in basic floor district less than its non-target part.
In other respects, but each floor district collaborative work of moisture absorption of the present invention system so that ideal wicking latent energy value to be provided, for example, the imbibition latent energy value at least about 16%.The present invention also can provide ideal mobile transmission value, for example at least about 7 * 10
-6Cm
3Mobile transmission value.And, can provide approximately at least about 14 * 10
-6Cm
3The conduction-wicking value of combination, aspect another, the present invention can provide the system of a desired mobile transmission value, this system also comprise have at least one floor district of ideal imbibition latent energy value.Other aspects of the present invention also comprise superabsorbent polymer (SAP) material with certain controlled system absorption rate.For example, but the superabsorbent material list of required control speed reveals specific moisture absorption speed, i.e. Tau value, and for example, the Tau value was at least about 0.67 minute.On the other hand, the present invention can also will have the superabsorbent combination of materials of specific ratios Tau value.
In other respects, the present invention can provide a kind of goods, it have one thin and the more effective absorbent structure of low bulk has bigger hygroscopic capacity and prevents seepage.Configuration of the present invention can more fully be utilized the potential wettability power of absorbent structure, and can the more effective farther zone that the liquid that obtains is transferred to the distal area of more close absorbent structure from original suction zone.In addition, structure of the present invention can provide the ability of rapid acquisition and imbitition, and wetted at absorbent structure, and reaches after its potential whole moisture absorption capacity, still keeps desirable absorption speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Referring to following detailed description of the present invention and accompanying drawing, can more fully understand the present invention and its other advantages, wherein
Fig. 1 has generally shown a top view in conjunction with the absorbent product of moisture absorption of the present invention system;
Figure 1A has generally shown the sectional elevation of the absorbent product shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 1B has generally shown the longitudinal section of the absorbent product shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 has generally shown the top view of the structure of absorbent article core of the present invention, its first top layer district extends to whole absorbent article core middle part, its second bottom region extends to whole absorbent article core zone, and relative vertical ora terminalis in ground floor district is spaced apart with relative vertical ora terminalis in second layer district;
Fig. 2 A has generally shown the longitudinal section of absorbent article core shown in Figure 2;
Fig. 3 is the top view of another absorbent article core structure of the present invention, its first top layer extends to the middle part in whole absorbent article core zone, and second bottom region extends to whole substantially absorbent article core zone, second layer district wherein is uneven, banded basis weight profile, its vertical relative end parts has bigger basic weight, so that the reverse subregion of vertical distribution then to be provided in lower floor;
Fig. 3 A has generally shown the longitudinal section of absorbent article core shown in Figure 3, the selected middle part in second layer district, and its basic weight can form the reverse banded basic weight of the second layer in the target area like this less than its contiguous vertical relative end parts;
Fig. 4 has generally shown the top view of another absorbent article core structure, and its top layer district has covered the whole front portion of bottom region, and the whole rear portion of its bottom region is not capped;
Fig. 4 A has generally shown the longitudinal section of the absorbent article core shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 has shown that generally a top layer district covers the top view of the absorbent article core structure of whole bottom region;
Fig. 5 A has generally shown the longitudinal section of absorbent article core shown in Figure 5;
The top view of another absorbent article core that Fig. 6 generally shows, the lateral dimensions in its top layer district is little and narrow than bottom region, and longitudinal size is little and lack than bottom;
Fig. 7 has generally shown the longitudinal section of a kind of absorbent article core of the present invention, and its bottom region comprises a lamination
Part, this laminate accompany the superabsorbent granule therein and remain between the floor district of seepy material;
Fig. 8 has generally shown the longitudinal section of another absorbent article core of the present invention, and its second bottom region comprises the heterogeneous sublayer of multilamellar laminate, and it is arranged to provide uneven banded basic weight at bottom region;
Fig. 9 has generally shown the longitudinal section of another absorbent article core of the present invention, and its bottom region comprises a heterogeneous laminate, and wherein, the distribution of superabsorbent material is arranged in the uneven banded basic weight that bottom region provides the superabsorbent agent;
Figure 10 has generally shown the sketch map of measuring the testing equipment of superabsorbent properties of materials;
Figure 11 has generally shown the profile of the air cylinder group that places basin, is placed with weight on plunger disc;
Figure 12 has generally shown the profile of the air cylinder group that places basin, is positioned with the piston rod that is used to open plunger disc on it;
Figure 13 generally shows the profile of air cylinder group, is placed with weight on plunger disc, and is placed on the vacuum equipment;
Figure 14 has generally shown the air cylinder group profile that places on the vacuum equipment.
The present invention describes in detail
In conjunction with disposable absorbent article such as diaper various aspects of the present invention and embodiment are described hereinafter.But clearly, the present invention can also be used for other goods, and as child's training pants, women sanitary articles, incontinence clothing, protectiveness hood pad or the like, they all can be made into disposable product.Disposable product resembles disposable medicated clothing, usually as limited use, and is not intended to wash and reuse.For example, disposable diaper promptly is dropped after being polluted by the wearer.In the explanation, the mechanical type fastening system refers to such system below of the present invention, and it comprises the parts of some collaborative works, and they mechanically are bonded with each other, so that required reliability to be provided.
The present invention can provide a kind of moisture absorption system, the absorbent article core that it has is made up of the multilamellar district, and remarkable void content, transmitance and the liquid assimilating performance of having improved can be provided in specified target area.This moisture absorption system, the absorbent article core part of system particularly, can pass through such as wicking or other mechanism, liquid is migrated out the target area, produce the void content of aspiration level significantly again, can advantageously collect liquid in the floor district that provides high liquid to distribute, specifying provides the floor district of void content and imbitition then to keep lower saturation.In most cases, can construct and arrange the relative basic weight or the superabsorbent agent concentration in each floor district, can collaborative work so that have the various materials of ideal characterisitics in the system, so that good performance to be provided.But, find that specific combination can provide and significantly be better than other forms of improved performance.It shall yet further be noted that the specific region at absorbent structure, the basic weight of parts or other characteristic (for example: anter and rear panel) can be changed, so that the required distribution of its cost, other consumers wills or promotion moisture absorption liquid reaches best.
Among the present invention, different configurations is got in each moisture absorption layer district, and each layer collaborative work interacted, and mode is preferably liquid to be positioned at one or more assignable floor district.This liquid makes that in the position in designated layer district the amount of available liquid increases because this designated layer saturation is higher, thereby this floor district can strengthen by the potential of capillarity transfer and distribution liquid.
Make the basic absorption floor district of moisture absorption system keep low saturation by in product possible repeatedly stained, can make the moisture absorption system, particularly the inlet capacity of absorbent article core keeps or improves surmounting legacy system, thereby by the suitable character of controlling complex, and optimum intake performance is provided.Stained void content and the high osmosis of providing in the future is provided hold-up degree relatively low in this blot coat district, so just improved the suction speed of moisture absorption system on the whole.The blot coat district can be advantageously provided and become to have suitable high capillary tension, the leakage of flowing and avoiding substantially not expecting with abundant controlling liquid, this low saturation is drawn floor district and is wished to use except surge being set partly or floor separately, and it can be provided at surge layer material intake function in addition.
In concrete the setting, the blot coat district can place a side next to the shin of absorbent structure, and configurable for not exclusively extending to whole absorbent structure, thereby basic base layers district is as the blot coat district rather than as the absorbed layer district of high saturation.This layout can make the blot coat district directly contact basically with the liquid of inflow, thereby allows influent to enter more rapidly and better intake function.
Each floor district can design separately also and can modular design suck and the suction of distributed function balance, particularly waterborne liquid and the balance of distribution to provide.For example: by changing the physics or the chemical constituent of composition material, or change the physical configuration of each constituent, can improve this performance.
Current, be used for the design of traditional absorbent product as fiber in the diaper and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) composite, common suction, distribution and maintenance function can be provided.But for improved material, system and structure, it has the combination of high-level suction, distribution and reservation function, still has continuous demand.In order to improve release-resistance, the present invention is combined with improved material, and this material all can show improved characteristic at least a performance zones, and the result makes the overall performance of this system be improved.
For example the factor such as for example fiber and granular size etc. of the material that intake function can be by the relevant layers district is regulated, maybe can be by the porous in this floor district, and the composition in the basic weight in this floor district and this floor district is regulated.For example, liquid distribution or distributed function can be by being regulated such as governing factors such as the fiber of component material and granularities, and the liquid contact angle that can provide by material, the surface tension of liquid that liquid provides, the basic weight of material are regulated.
In order further to improve the required balance of moisture-absorption characteristics, have realized that some important factors can make each floor district better work in combination, so that whole system function is improved.Desirable mobile transmission value and the liquid core suction value that is provided by this moisture absorption system is provided these factors.Another factor is the combination conduction-wicking value that system provides.
Mobile transmission value is a kind of value of the physical characteristic based on hygroscopic material, particularly be arranged at the hygroscopic material of the target area of moisture absorption system, and it is relevant with the inlet capacity that the absorbent article core structure provides.The minima of mobile transmission value should be not less than about 2.5 * 10
-6Cm
3Perhaps this value is not less than 3 * 10
-6Cm
3, as selection, this value is not less than about 3.5 * 10
-6Cm
3To improve performance.In still another aspect of the invention, mobile transmission value can reach about 5 * 10
-6Cm
3The another kind of selection, mobile transmission value can reach about 7 * 10
-6Cm
3, can reach about 9 * 10 as selecting
-6Cm
3Or higher, so that the performance of improvement to be provided.
Liquid core suction latent energy value (liquid core suction value) is about in the vertical wicking operation, the performance parameter of the amount that liquid is shifted from the described target area of absorbent structure.This value has been represented absorbent structure ability from the target area transfer liquid between stained, and at least one floor district of moisture absorption system is configured to and is used to provide ideal liquid core suction latent energy value, one deck at least of this moisture absorption system, particularly the basic floor district of at least one absorbent article core can provide the liquid core suction that is not less than about 10% minima value.Perhaps, it is about 15% that the fluid wicking value that provides is not less than, and is not less than about 20% as selecting.Of the present invention other aspect in, the available liquid core suction value of moisture absorption system reaches about 60%.Perhaps, it is about 65% that the liquid core suction value that provides can reach, and as selection, can reach about 70% or higher, so that improve function.
The combination of system is conducted a wicking value (C) and is at least about 14 * 10
-6Cm
3Perhaps this combination conduction-wicking value is at least 15 * 10
-6Cm
3, be at least 16 * 10 as selecting
-6Cm
3, so that improve the balance of performance.In other were arranged, the conduction of combination-wicking value was at least 18 * 10
-6Cm is to provide ideal effect.
In the thin moisture absorption design with narrow crotch part, the target area of goods does not have enough void contents to come the first time of effective imbitition such as urine stained when its drying regime usually.The shortage of this void content can utilize the SAP that adds special configuration to solve, and the amount of these SAP is enough to absorb the liquid of inflow when stained, to obtain ideal release-resistance.
Although the part of these parameters is discussed in the past individually, effective combination of these characteristics being provided in single composite construction and keeping the desired character of consumer still is a difficult problem.These difficult problems that relate in the past wish to use less relatively SAP content in total or single layer, so that increase wicking capacity.If SAP content is all very low in entire product, provide ideal wettability power may make the thickness of product excessive so.Once attempted in a moisture absorption layer, using low SAP content to improve wicking, and in other layers, then kept high SAP content to obtain to have the slim product of ideal wettability power.This system fails to reach the perfect performance level, because liquid can preferentially enter the zone of containing more SAP.And in containing the floor district of less SAP, can make wicking can't reach aspiration level because of remaining fluid low.
In order to overcome these shortcomings, a kind of SAP of controlled hydroscopicity can be included in the moisture absorption system in the special aspects of the present invention.By using controlled fast SAP, for example a kind of SAP through selecting speed is weakened, just can make the content liquid in the fibre structure of specifying the distribution layer district keep high level, even in concrete the layout, controlled low speed SAP mainly places the floor district that differs from distribution layer when containing the SAP that passes through the quantity of selecting in the distribution layer district.As a result, low SAP layer is optionally by saturated, and the whole wettability power in the slim product design still remains on required high level.We expect to use other mechanism, and non-binding low speed SAP, make in the concentration of the absorption liquid between the floor district of selection required distribution and difference are provided.For example, can pass through the relevant wettability of selectivity configuration and/or the density in floor district, make to distribute to reach requirement.
See figures.1.and.2, moisture absorption hybrid system 26 of the present invention comprises surge arranging section 84 and moisture absorption pad or cored structure 30.Absorbent article core 30 has a plurality of moisture absorption layers district, and the characteristic in each floor district by the suction and the wicking characteristic of balance Moisture absorption component, improves the anti-leak performance through selecting and arranging.
In general, absorbent article core 30 of the present invention, from comprising the ground floor of superabsorbent agent (according to determining when its outmost surface moves from the side surface interior next to the shin of absorbent product), in conjunction with intermediate species arbitrarily, this part need keep the integrity of this layer in functional test.The superabsorbent agent that such ground floor need comprise is minimum to be no less than about 5wt%.Absorbent article core ends at last moisture absorption layer place, this last moisture absorption layer prevents that the impermeable stratum next-door neighbour that diaper leaks is provided with being appointed as, according to when its outermost surfaces moves, determining due to a side surface interior next to the shin from absorbent product, therefore, shown in the absorbent article core 30 of configuration comprise, the first main moisture absorption layer 48, outermost integument 28 or 36, and be sandwiched in ingredient between them, the absorbent article core of illustrated configuration does not comprise top flat layer 24, the surge processing layer 84 that does not contain the superabsorbent agent, and back lamella 22.
Suck with the suitable balance of wicking characteristic and can explain, the transmission value that for example flows, wicking latent energy value, basic weight, density, granularity, fiber size, fiber relative quantity or the like, and their combining form with various determiners.The mobile transmission value of hygroscopic agent relates to useful the pore space size and the transmitance of structure under the various different saturations that run in the daily use.In order to improve the performance of moisture absorption system, the speed that the speed that make liquid enter absorbent structure is sent to it in moisture absorption composite construction is approaching as far as possible.Mobile transmission value can help to characterize the inlet capacity of whole moisture absorption system 26, the inlet capacity of especially available sign absorbent article core 30.In addition, from the entrance area liquid removing, and in the moisture absorption system than the territory, far field in storaging liquid also be crucial, can readjust and prepare entrance area thus, stained more effectively to receive next time.The liquid core suction value can help to characterize absorbent structure in stained gap the ability from the target area transfer liquid.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 A, absorbent article core 30 has composite core total length 66, composite core overall with 68, composite core is complete thick 70, crotch portion core wide 58 and one foremost specified.This is appointed as the front belt portion that settles goods of putting foremost.As shown in Figure 2, the whole composite component of absorbent article core 30 extends and has occupied whole core zone.Each core component floor and selectively the sublayer part that can extend to this whole absorbent article core district or also can extend the selection in absorbent article core district so far as being desirable to provide desirable performance.In addition, there is size separately in each floor district.In representational layout, first thickness in ground floor district 48 or highly be that 72, the first length are 73, and first width is 74.Second thickness in second layer district or highly be that 75, the second length are 66, and second width is 68.
With respect to the total length 66 of absorbent article core 30, the target area 52 that sucks as the desire of absorbent structure is to begin and extend to the zone to the absorbent article core of the horizontal expansion line at 59% place of moisture absorption composite members length foremost from absorbent article core in the horizontal expansion line at 24% place of moisture absorption composite core length 66 foremost from the terminal point absorbent article core.In illustrated layout, for example the target area of absorbent article core may be to extend laterally line from what about foremost 3.5 inches (89mm) of terminal point absorbent article core located to begin, and extends to apart from the zone of the absorbent structure that extends laterally line of about foremost 8.5 inches (216mm) of absorbent article core.
It is unsatisfactory to improve the transmission value that flows by the bulk density that improves the absorbent article core structure, because this makes the product thickness of the wide goods of narrow crotch excessive.Therefore, the time for the absorbent article core that can keep approaching 30 and thin moisture absorption system 26 to providing configuration to still have continuous demand as the intake performance of the transmission value statement of flowing.The whole thickness of dry absorbent article core 30 is to be not more than about 6mm.Perhaps, absorbent article core thickness can be not more than about 5.3mm, as selecting absorbent article core thickness can be not more than about 5mm so that required advantage to be provided.In another aspect of this invention, the thickness of dry absorbent article core 30 can be not more than absorbent article core crotch portion width about 25%.Perhaps the thickness of dry absorbent article core can be not more than absorbent article core crotch portion width about 20%, as about 15% of the width of selecting to be not more than absorbent article core, with further raising advantage, in order to reach purpose of the present invention, the crotch portion width of absorbent article core is determined the narrowest (minimum) lateral dimension in the crotch portion district of the target area 52 that is arranged in absorbent article core.
The whole gross thickness of the moisture absorption system of doing 26 preferably is not more than about 8mm.Perhaps, the thickness of moisture absorption system can be not more than about 7.3mm, and as selection, the thickness of moisture absorption system can be not more than about 7mm, so that required advantage to be provided.In another aspect of this invention, the full depth of the moisture absorption system 26 of Ganing be not more than the moisture absorption system crotch portion width about 30%.Perhaps, the absorbent article core thickness of doing is not more than crotch portion width about 25% of moisture absorption system, and as selection, the thickness of moisture absorption system can be not more than crotch portion width about 20% of moisture absorption system, with its advantage of further improvement.
In order to reach purpose of the present invention, dry thickness is to measure under the restriction pressure of 0.2psi (1.38Kpa).
In still another aspect of the invention, the moisture absorption system 26 of low bulk, particularly absorbent article core 30, a crotch portion district 54 can be specified to be positioned between wearer's two lower limbs, wherein, crotch portion district the narrowest (minimum) lateral dimension that is positioned at target area 52 provides minimum crotch portion width 58.Therefore, when the moisture absorption composite members is dry, the smallest lateral dimension of the crotch portion width of adult's goods (for greater than 13 years old people use) be not more than about 5.5 inches (about 14cm) or, the narrowest crotch portion width 54 can be not more than 4.5 inches (about 11.4cm), can be not more than about 3.5 inches (about 8.9cm) as selecting, so that suitable and comfortablely be improved.Non-adult's goods (using for the people who is less than or equal to 13 years old), when the moisture absorption composite members was dry, the smallest lateral dimension of its crotch portion width was not more than about 4 inches (about 10cm).Perhaps, minimum crotch portion width 54 can be not more than about 3 inches (7.6cm), can be not more than 2 inches (5.1cm) as selecting, and thinks that non-adult improves the suitable and comfortableness of product.
From target area 52 transfer liquids of moisture absorption system is very important, effectively to prevent the supersaturation that this is regional and to prevent the leakage of goods.The moisture absorption system is represented from the liquid core suction latent energy value that target area transfer liquid ability available system provides.The have the ability amount of the liquid that shifts out from the target area of wicking latent energy value and system is relevant, at this moment, the liquid loadings/saturated level of target area be in the target area of moisture absorption composite members every square centimeter 1.0 restrain liquid.Therefore, the invention provides other layered absorbent system of branch, it is thin and crotch region is narrow, and has less bulk density.
The floor district of moisture absorption system is arranged to comprise a side ground floor next to the shin district, and it can be various suitable configurations, but its size generally is not more than the second moisture absorption layer district of outermost end.This first top regions can make absorbent product keep low saturation between its whole operating period, and keeps high mobile transmission value when being used in combination with the second lower floor district.The lower floor district can select, the shape of hourglass shape or T-shape structure for example, and can be formed from liquid in the target area that can effectively distribute and migrate out the moisture absorption composite members.Specifically, the second lower floor district should have the ability to provide ideal liquid core suction latent energy value, and this value can be determined by following liquid core suction latent energy value flow process.
With reference to figure 1,1A and 1B, the present invention can provide a kind of absorbent garments goods, and for example diaper 20, and it has longitudinally 86 and the direction 88 of growing crosswise.These goods have first waistband portion, rear waistband part 40, the second waistband portion for example, and for example anterior waistband portion 38, and a mid portion 42, it is used to connect first and second waistband portion.Front waist belt part 38 has laterally relative preceding offside marginal zone 118, and back waistband portion 40 has laterally relative back offside marginal zone 116, and intermediate member 42 provides a goods crotch portion district that places between wearer's two lower limbs.
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic plan view of representative disposable diaper 20 of the present invention, and it has shown that these goods are its flattened state of not shrinking (promptly removed basically flexible gathering and shrinking of causing).The some parts of structure is partly removed clearly to show the anterior construction of these diaper goods, and an a diaper side next to the shin i.e. side and observer with wearer's contact is relative.The outward flange of diaper is determined the periphery in the end margin zone 112 that has longitudinal extending side edge zone 110 and horizontal expansion.Each lateral edges defines the lower limb mouth of diaper, also can be shaped form and decides according to profile as selecting.End margin is shown as straight line, but also can trade-off curve.
The top flat layer 24 of liquid is stacked and placed on the back sheet 22 with face-to-face relation thoroughly, and the moisture absorption system connects effectively and is additional between back sheet 22 and the top flat layer 24.Shown representational configuration has a moisture absorption hybrid system 26, and it comprises that surge processing section 84 and one are used to keep the retaining part with storaging liquid.The retaining part of illustrated moisture absorption system comprises absorbent article core 30.Shown in configuration in, surge processing section 84 be one between absorbent article core 30 and top flat layer 24 the layer.Other forms of layout also can adopt.For example, surge layer 84 can be selected to place between absorbent article core and the back sheet 24, or on a side surface next to the shin of top flat.
Goods generally include elastic component, for example, shank bullet spare 34 and waist bullet spare 32, and the position that liquid gushes the processing section helps carrying out effective fluid connection with the retaining part of absorbent product.Top layer 24, tergite 22, absorbent article core 30, surge processing section 84 and elastic component 34 and 32 can be combined, and become the various diaper configurations of knowing.This diaper can also comprise a flap system 82 in addition, and side plate 90, this part can be elastic also can be give elastic.
The example of goods that includes the reinforce belt of elastic side panels and selectivity structure sees people's such as T.Roessler U.S. Patent Application Serial 168,615, is entitled as " dynamically adapting diaper ", submits (attorney docket 10,961) on the 16th in December in 1993.The various technology that are used to form the fastening system of expectation see people's such as T.Roessler U.S. Patent Application Serial 5,399,219, be entitled as " manufacture method of fastening system in the dynamic adaptable diaper ", authorize March 21 nineteen ninety-five (attorney docket 11,186); The U.S. Patent Application Serial 286,086 of D.Fries is entitled as " assembly method of elastic ear portion ", submits (attorney docket 11,169) to and authorizes U.S. Patent number 5,540,796 on August 3rd, 1994; The U.S. Patent Application Serial 08/415,383 of D.Fries is entitled as " assemble method that is used for laminate ", submits (attorney docket 11,950) to April 3 nineteen ninety-five, and authorizes U.S. Patent number 5,595,618.Above-mentioned open source literature concordance (non-conflict) is incorporated into this for your guidance.
Diaper 20 is determined the length direction 86 of longitudinal extension and the width 88 of horizontal expansion usually, generally shows as Fig. 1.This diaper can have any desired shape, as rectangle, I font, common hourglass shape or T shape.In the T font, ' crossbeam of T ' word may comprise the front waist belt part of diaper, perhaps may comprise the back waistband portion of diaper in addition.
Top flat 24 and tergite 22 can coextensively be stretched usually, its long and wide size usually greater than with the corresponding size that extends beyond absorbent structure 26, so that its corresponding side area 110 and end regions 112 to be provided, they stretch out in outside each end margin of absorbent structure.Top flat 24 and tergite 22 are associated and add thereon, thereby have formed the periphery of diaper 20.The belt district comprises such some parts of diaper, their all or part of coverings or be enclosed in wearer's waist or trunk middle and lower part when wearing.Intermediary crotch portion district 42 places between belt district 38 and 40 and plays a part to connect them.Diaper that it comprises part when wearing between wearer's two lower limbs and be covered with the bottom of its trunk.Intermediary crotch portion district 42 is liquid zones of taking place of surge repeatedly in diaper or the disposable absorbent article.
Other structures of tergite can comprise to be weaved or the nonwoven fibrous webs surface layer, all or part of structure of this breadth layer and processing or give the opaque liquid of selection area with desired level, and this selection area is close to the moisture absorption composite members or near the moisture absorption composite members.For example, tergite may comprise a gas-pervious non-woven fabric layer, and it is laminated to one can be also can be air-locked polymer film layer.Other relevant fibers, the example of the primer of cloth matter can comprise and draw thin or stretching heat lamination material that this material is by the thick polypropylene blown film of 0.6mil (0.015mm) and 0.7 ounce every square yard (23.8gsm) polypropylene spunbond material (2 denier fiber).A kind of material of this type has constituted HUGGIES SUPREME diaper can be available from the enclosing cover layer of Kimberly-ClarkCorporation.Tergite 22 generally provides the enclosing cover layer of goods.But this goods can select to comprise an independent enclosing cover layer building block that is additional on the tergite.
In various configurations of the present invention, resembling the such unit architectures of tergite 22 or constraint flap 82 becomes ventilative and waterborne liquid is had the anti-effect that it sees through that sees through and limit, this anti-liquid material can have a kind of structure, and it can hold receipts and not sew basically at least about the water-head of 45cm.Being used to measure a kind of suitable technique that the anti-liquid of this material sees through is federal detection method standard FTMS191 method 5514, nineteen sixty-eight December formulated or the method for equivalence with it on the 31st.
The size of tergite 22 is decided by the size of moisture absorption composite members 26 and the concrete diaper design of selection usually.For example, the hourglass shape that tergite 22 common T font, I font or processes are revised, and the distance that each ora terminalis one that can extend moisture absorption composite members 26 is selected, as at the segment distance of about 1.3cm between about 2.5cm (about 0.5 to 1.0 inch) scope, with side that at least a portion is provided with hold edge regions.
Top flat 24 provides a side surface next to the shin, and it is submissive, soft feel, and non-stimulated to wearer's skin.And top flat 24 can have still less hydrophilic than moisture absorption composite members 26, and has enough holes to be used for liquid to see through, and the thickness that allows liquid to pass it easily reaches moisture absorption body composite members.Suitable top flat layer 24 can be made by a great selection of web material of selecting, as perforated foams, reticulated foam, apertured plastic films, natural fiber (for example, wood or cotton fiber), the mixture of synthetic fibers (for example, polyester fiber or polypropylene fibre) or natural and synthetic fibers.Top flat layer 24 is generally used for helping to make the liquid that has in wearer's skin and the moisture absorption composite members 26 to isolate.
Multiple weave or non-woven fabric can be used for top flat 24.For example, top flat may comprise molten spray or the spunbond paper web that contains required fiber, also can be applying combing paper web, hydrogen entanglement paper web, and knitting paper web or the like also can be used their combining form.Various fibers can be natural fiber, synthetic fibers or their mixture.Top flat can also select to comprise netted material or apertured film.
In order to reach the purpose of this description, term " non-woven breadth " is meant a kind of fibrous webs, and the fiber of this paper web is not made by means of textile spinning or braiding process.Term " fabric " " refer to that all are weaved, braiding and non-woven fibrous webs, also refer to their combining form.
The top flat fabric can comprise hydrophilic basically material, and hydrophilic material usable surface activating agent is handled or other processing methods, makes its hygroscopicity with aspiration level and hydrophilic.In specific embodiments of the invention, the woven spunbond polypropylene fabric of top flat 24 right and wrong contains the 2.8-3.2 denier fiber of having an appointment, and it makes paper web; The about 22gsm of its basic weight, density is about 0.06gm/cc.The Triton X-102 surfactant of fabric use 0.28% carries out surface treatment.The use of surfactant can be adopted traditional method arbitrarily, for example sprays, prints, brushes or the like.
Top flat 24 or tergite 22 connects or with other effective and efficient manner associations, used herein, term " association " comprises a kind of configuration, wherein top flat 24 directly links to each other with tergite 22, by top flat 24 is directly fixed on the tergite 22, and other configurations, wherein, by top flat 24 is fixed in intermediate member, successively intermediate member is fixed in tergite 22 again, top flat 24 is linked to each other with tergite 22 indirectly.For example, top flat 24 and tergite 22 can be directly fixing each other at the diaper periphery, the fixture of using (not shown) is bonding such as binding agent, audio frequency is bonding, heat bonding, stitching, meet close or present technique in known any other fixed form, also these modes can be used in combination.The adhesive phase of for example even successive adhesive phase, decorative pattern formula, the binding agent decorative pattern of spraying, or the binding agent of many drawing lines that separate, spiral or point-like array structure all can be used for top flat 24 is fixed in tergite 22.Should be understood that the said fixing mode also is used for suitable the interconnecting, assemble and/or be secured together of other each ingredients of goods described herein.
Generally the goods that show have a moisture absorption system, and this system comprises surge layer 84 and is used to keep and store liquid and other the excremental retaining parts that is absorbed.In special aspects of the present invention, above-mentioned maintenance or storage area by shown in absorbent article core structure 26 provide, this structure comprises fiber and the high-hygroscopicity granule of multilamellar through selecting.Configuration shown in the moisture absorption composite members places and is clipped between top flat 24 and the tergite 22, to form diaper 20.Being configured to of this moisture absorption composite members can be general compression, comfortable, non-stimulated and can absorb and preserve the health overflow to wearers skin.
In each configuration of the present invention, but the moisture absorption of many adequate types, the hydrophilic fibers material can be used to make any various ingredients of absorbent product.Suitable fiber example comprises the organic fiber of natural generation, but it contains the hygroscopic material of intrinsic, as cellulose fibre; Synthetic fibers, it comprises cellulose or cellulose derivative, for example staple fibre; Inorfil, but it comprises intrinsic hygroscopic material, for example glass fibre; But by the synthetic fibers that intrinsic moisture absorption thermoplastic polymer is made, for example characteristic polyester or Fypro; And comprise the synthetic fibers that non-damp and hot thermoplastic polymer is made, as polypropylene fibre.Fiber can be hydrophilic, for example, by silica-treated, with the material processed that has suitable hydrophilic component and be difficult for removing from fiber, or is generating among the fiber or is using hydrophilic polymer encapsulated non-hygroscopic hydrophilic fibers afterwards.In order to reach purpose of the present invention, use above mentioned all types of fiber also can consider through selecting to mix.
As using in this description, term " hydrophilic " is the surface of describing fiber or fiber, can be with its moistening when waterborne liquid contacts with it.The wetted degree of material is available again to be described according to contact angle and liquid and the surface tension that relates to material.Be suitable for measuring the equipment of wettability of concrete fibrous material or composite fibre material and technology by Cahn SFA-222 surface force analytical system, or the system of basic equivalence provides.When measuring with this system, the fiber that has less than 90 ° of contact angles is called " wettable ", and the fiber that has more than or equal to 90 ° of contact angles is called " non-wettable ".
Specifically, absorbent article core structure 30 can comprise one or more fibre substrates, and as the natural fiber breadth, synthetic fibers or the like also can be their combining forms.Fiber is preferably hydrophilic, can be natural also can be by traditional hydrophilic treatment effect.Concrete structure can comprise fibre substrate, and this substrate comprises cellulose wood pulp fine hair.Should be easily understood that each basic floor district 48 and 50 can comprise that all fibre substrate of the same type also can comprise dissimilar fibre substrates.
In special aspects more of the present invention, the fiber in one or more basic floor district 48 and 50 can mix or combine with the granule of high absorbing material.Fibre placement in one or more layers that select is in a kind of absorption basic unit, and each layer 48 and 50 preferably can comprise and the bonded fiber of the granule of high hygroscopic material.For example in concrete layout, the specified layer of absorbent article core 30 can comprise the mixture of the common moulding material of fiber that the superabsorbent hydrogel forms granule and natural fiber, synthetic polymer meltblown fibers, contains the mixture of natural fiber and/or synthetic polymeric fibers.The superabsorbent granule can be and the hydrophilic fibre uniform mixing basically, also can be inhomogeneous mixing.For example, the particulate density of superabsorbent may be arranged as non-step-by-step movement gradient and come thickness (Z-direction) by the major part of each layer absorbent article core structure, low-density towards the side higher density next to the shin of moisture absorption composite members then towards the outside of absorbent structure.Suitable Z-gradient configuration sees U.S.P.4, authorizes people such as Kellenberger on October 13rd, 699,823,1987, and wherein disclosed content at this is incorporated herein by reference in consistent (but not conflict) mode.Perhaps, the particulate density of superabsorbent may be arranged as non-step-by-step movement gradient and come thickness (Z-direction) by the major part of each layer absorbent structure, and high density is more low-density then towards the outside of absorbent structure towards a side next to the shin of moisture absorption composite members.The superabsorbent granule also can be arranged in the substrate of hydrophilic fibre in the roughly discontinuous layer.In addition, two or more dissimilar superabsorbent agent can be placed among the fibre substrate or selectively along the diverse location setting of fibre substrate.
High hygroscopic material can comprise sucting wet gel material, as the superabsorbent agent.Sucting wet gel material can be natural, synthetic or modified natural polymers and material.In addition, sucting wet gel material can be an inorganic material, for example silica gel, or organic compound such as cross linked polymer.Term " crosslinked " refers to anyly can effectively make common water-soluble material become mode water-insoluble substantially but expandable material.This class mode comprises, for example, physical entanglement, crystal microcell, covalent bond, ionic complex and forming and thing, hydrophilic forming and thing is as hydrogen bonded and hydrophilic forming and thing or Van der Waals force.
The example of synthetic sucting wet gel material polymer comprise alkali metal and polyacrylic acid and ammonium polymethacrylate salt, polyacrylamide, polyvinylether, maleic anhydride and vinyl Ether and olefin copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl morpholine, polyvinyl ethanol, and composition thereof and polymer.The polymer of moisture absorption composite members that are applicable to comprise more: the natural polymer of natural and modification, connect a starch as the acrylonitrile of hydrolysis, acrylic acid connects a starch, methylcellulose, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and natural gum, as alginate, xanthan gum, locust locust beam gum or the like.Mixture natural and all or part of synthetic absorbent polymer also can use in the present invention.The moisture absorption Binder Materials that other are suitable is disclosed in U.S. Patent number no.3, authorizes people such as Assarsson on August 26th, 901,236,1975.The open process of the synthetic moisture absorption gel polymer of preparation is in United States Patent (USP) 4,076, authorizes people such as Masuda and United States Patent (USP) on February 28th, 663,1978 and on August 25th, 4,286,082,1981 authorizes people such as Tsubakimoto.
Synthetic sucting wet gel material is xerogel normally, becomes hydrogel when it is moistening.But term " hydrogel " often is used to refer to the moistening or the non-moist type of material.
The front was carried, and the high hygroscopic material that is used for absorbent article core 30 can be a super-absorbent gelling materials, and the superabsorbent agent keeps the form of discrete particle usually.This granule can be any desirable shape, for example, and spiral or half-spiral, cube, bar-shaped, polyhedron or the like.Shape has big maximum/minimum dimension ratio, for example needle-like, strip and fibrously all be considered to can be applicable to this.As selection, the particulate mixture of sucting wet gel material also can be used for moisture absorption composite members 26.The granularity that is suitable for preferably has the mean size from about 5 μ m to about 1mm.Be used for the weighted mean that herein " granularity " means various particulate minimum dimensions.
In special aspects more of the present invention, the absorbance of revising under the load that moisture absorption Binder Materials granule can have (MAUL) can absorb the liquid (unit: g/g) of about 20g at least for every gram hygroscopic material.The MAUL that the superabsorbent material can have is at least about 24g/g, is more preferably to make MAUL at least about 27g/g.On the other hand, hygroscopic material can show as MAUL up to about 30g/g or higher.The available MAUL assay method of MAUL value is measured, and its method will be measured in the program part in description and illustrate.
Hydrophilic fibre and high moisture absorption granule can be constructed and be formed a kind of average composite in whole composite core 30, make its basic weight be approximately 400-900gsm (g/m between scope
2) in.Aspect some, the average composite basic weight is more preferably in the about 550-750gsm of scope, so that the performance that can expect to be provided in the about 500-800gsm of scope of the present invention.
In special aspects of the present invention, high hygroscopic material can comprise the superabsorbent non-woven material.This superabsorbent non-woven material is an a kind of non-woven material that comprises the superabsorbent fiber or comprise superabsorbent fiber and other materials.This superabsorbent non-woven material in the time of particularly in 0.9% the saline solution, has high ultimate fluid storage ability in being dipped in liquid the time, and its liquid containing ability is at least the liquid (g/g) that every gram hygroscopic material absorbs 10g approximately.The ability of liquid containing is more preferably at least about 20g/g, preferably at least about 30g/g, so that the Performance Characteristics of improvement to be provided.This superabsorbent non-woven material can be configured to certain combining form that can improve liquid suction, fluid storage, liquid distribution or these functions selectively.Specifically, when the superabsorbent non-woven material as layer or when having the parts of multilamellar absorbent structure product, the superabsorbent non-woven material can be used to finish a special function or a cover function.
Move in order to limit any undesirable of high hygroscopic material, goods can comprise that one has the moisture absorption composite members 26 of extra parcel, for example wrap sheet 28, this bag sheet next-door neighbour and around whole absorbent article core 30, can be when needing around an individual course district of absorbent article core, or around the selected parts of one or more moisture absorption composite members.In addition, the bag sheet can combine with the moisture absorption composite members structure of goods and various other parts.The preferably such one deck hygroscopic material of this covering sheet, it covers the side next to the shin and the outer surface of most moisture absorption composite members, and preferably can surround the surrounding edge of whole basically moisture absorption composite members, to form a complete substantially big envelope thus.Perhaps, the bag sheet also can provide a kind of moisture absorption packing, and it covers the side next to the shin and the outer surface of most moisture absorption composite members, and the transverse side edges of moisture absorption composite members is lived by only basic state.Therefore, the transverse side edges of bag sheet should be closed near the moisture absorption composite members no matter be rectilinear or female.But in such layout, the end margin of bag sheet may not be closed fully near the end margin of the moisture absorption composite members of the waist area that is in goods.
For example, the side layer next to the shin at least of complete packet sheet 28 or bag sheet can comprise the paper web that melts and sprays that contains meltblown fibers such as molten blown polypropylene.Another kind of hygroscopicity bag sheet example can comprise the fibrous webs of low-porosity, for example contains the chiffon of the 50/50 hardwood/softwood fiber that mixes of having an appointment.
The body-side layers and the outside layer of bag sheet 28 can comprise essentially identical material, maybe can comprise different materials.For example, the outside layer of bag sheet can comprise the material of low relatively basic weight, and its transmitance is high relatively, as contains the wet strength cellulose chiffon of soft wood pulp.The body-side layers of bag sheet was described before can comprising has a kind of than in the low-permeable bag sheet material.The low-permeable body-side layers can stop better that the superabsorbent granule moves on the wearer's skin, and basic weight outside layer highly-breathable, low then helps to reduce cost.
Referring to Fig. 7,8, with 9, another kind of absorbent article core of the present invention can comprise such parts, it effectively maintains superabsorbent material 102 between each layer of liquid permeable material 100, these layers for example are tissue layer, open celled foam layer, apertured film layer, woven fabric layer, non-woven fabric layer or the like, also can be above these combining forms.In special aspects more of the present invention, bottom 50 can comprise laminate, and it has by the water-sensitive connector and is sandwiched in or is contained in superabsorbent granule between the carrier tissue layer.The example of configuration sees United States Patent (USP) 5 like this, 593,399, authorized R on January 14th, 1997, people such as Tanzer, be entitled as " absorbent product that includes the superabsorbent material of the bag that is arranged in the isolating lengthening that is placed on selected pattern " (attorney docket 10,902.1), its whole content is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode.
Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, diaper 20 also can comprise surge processing layer 84 again, and it helps to slow down and disperse and can directly enter the maintenance of absorbent product and the surge of storage compartment.For example, surge layer 84 can be positioned at top flat layer 24 inwardly in the face of on the body side surface.In the configuration of generally showing, surge layer 84 is positioned at the position of vicinity of the outer surface of top flat layer.Therefore, this surge layer places between top flat 24 and the absorbent article core 30.The example of suitable surge processing layer 84 is given the U.S. Patent Application Serial 206 that is described in C.Ellis and D.Bishop, 986, be entitled as " the fiber non-woven breadth surge layer of personal nursing absorbent product etc. ", on March 4th, 1994 was submitted (attorney docket 11256) to, authorized United States Patent (USP) 5486166; And the U.S. Patent Application Serial 206069 of C.Ellis and R.Everett, be entitled as " the improved surge of personal nursing absorbent product etc. is handled the fiber non-woven paper web ", submitted (attorney docket 11 on March 4th, 1994,387), authorize United States Patent (USP) 5,490,846; Its whole content is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode.
Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, special aspects more of the present invention can comprise so a kind of moisture absorption composite members, and it comprises the two or more basic floor district parts through selecting.The configuration of diagram multilamellar absorbent article core 30 for example comprises ground floor district 48 and at least one second layer district 50.
Generally the ground floor district 48 that shows provides relative floor district than top, and this floor district is positioned on the side district of absorbent article core 30, and more is adjacent to top flat layer 24.Floor district under illustrated second layer district 50 provides relatively, this floor district is positioned on the LHA of absorbent article core, and more is adjacent to back sheet 22.
Of the present invention one desirable aspect, the parts in each floor district, for example floor district 48 and/or 50 can comprise high fibrous lofted mixture or other substrate.High fibrous lofted is that those have the fiber that improved bulk density keeps and/or distortion recovers.When fiber was incorporated in the material of moistening, this high fibrous lofted can provide humid volume to keep and/or the distortion recovery capability especially.That the example of suitable high fibrous lofted comprises is synthetic, thermoplastic fibres, comprise natural polymer such as cellulosic synthetic fibers; Natural fiber and their mixture.The elasticity that comprises the fiber of natural polymer can make it to strengthen by chemical crosslinking and/or by giving the fiber kinking and/or curling.
High fibrous lofted material can show lower density, no matter is under drying or the wetting state, and has therefore increased transmitance and thickness, thereby, increased mobile transmission value.For example, high bulk wood pulp cellulose can realize by various technology, as by to the chemistry of wood pulp cellulose and/physical modification.The example of suitable high fibrous lofted comprises fiber, cross-linked cellulose floss pulp fibres and the analog of organizine optical processing, and their compositions.
In another aspect of this invention, the part in each floor district as floor district 48 and/or 50, can comprise mixture and other substrate and the agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent of high fibrous lofted.The agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent is a kind of like this material, and as the superabsorbent polymeric material, it demonstrates effective absorbance (MAUL) value of minimum at least about the change of 20g/g.
In still another aspect of the invention, it is Tau (τ) value that the controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent agent of requirement can show specific moisture absorption speed, and for example minima was at least about 0.4 minute Tau value.Superabsorbent agent Tau value wishes at least about 1 minute, and can reach at least about 2 minutes, to improve performance.In yet another aspect, the Tau value can reach about 40 minutes or longer.Other aspects, the different layers district of absorbent article core, particularly absorbent article core preferably incorporates the superabsorbent material compositions that chooses into, and here, being configured to at least one pair of different superabsorbent material through selecting provides a Tau value more than or equal to 2: 1 to compare.The Tau value reaches about 5: 1 or bigger than optionally, so that more benefit to be provided.Superabsorbent material with big Tau value wishes to place the side of more approaching absorbent article core.The technology that is suitable for measuring every kind of superabsorbent agent Tau value is set forth in " a large amount of Liquid Absorption under the zero load " that outline in this description.
Concrete controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent agent can be a kind of like this superabsorbent agent, wherein independent superabsorbent granule has been carried out the hydrophilic coating processing, postpones so that provide optionally when waterborne liquid is absorbed into granule.For example, the superabsorbent agent can be the superabsorbent granule through coating.Granule has the moisture absorption center, and it comprises the incomplete sodium salt (pressing United States Patent (USP) 5,629,377 described step preparations) of cross linked polyacrylate, and this granule center is covered with hydrophilic silica-gel coating.The agent of the representational controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent of this class can be available from DOW ChemicalCompany, at Midland, and the commercial undertaking that Michigan, U.S.A maintain an office.
Another kind of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent agent can be configured to by the particle than coarsegrain, so that such granule is provided, they have less surface area and volume ratio, produce desirable hydroscopicity thus.Controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent granule also can have approximate spheroid or other 3D shapes, can effectively produce the desirable low surface area and the absorption rate of volume ratio and delay like this.
In addition, the bulk chemical property of superabsorbent polymer also can improve, and postpones so that desirable absorption rate to be provided.For example, the agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent can be incorporated into so ionic polyelectrolyte, and the reversible and polyvalent metal cation of its energy is crosslinked.The water solublity complexometric reagent then can be configured to make this crosslinked reverse.
Another kind of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent agent can diffuse into the particulate processing of superabsorbent by coating or other liquid that effectively slows down it is sealed, and perhaps in the mode of the hydroscopicity of delay that expectation is provided liquid is repelled.Coating or processing may be elasticity or stiff, and coating or processing also can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic.Under in check mode, make coating degrade, dissolve or break, desirable moisture-absorption characteristics is provided.As selection, moisture absorption speed can be defined and/or control, and its method is by changing the balancing speed of selected superabsorbent material, or by changing or control is used to produce the chemism of this selected superabsorbent material balancing speed.
Other methods of measuring superabsorbent agent absorbance (AUL) under load are set forth in United States Patent (USP) 5,550,189, and this patent was authorized people such as J.Qin on August 26th, 1996, was entitled as " having modification of polysaccharides that has improved moisture-absorption characteristics and preparation method thereof "; Also have U.S. Patent application 621,390, people such as M.Melius, on March 25th, 1996 submitted to, was entitled as " moisture absorption composite members " (attorney docket 10,838,2).Its whole contents is incorporated into this for your guidance in consistent therewith mode.
With reference to figure 2 and 2A, generally the ground floor district 48 that shows can comprise that agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent and high bulk wood pulp cellulose or other weave or nonwoven material, they have such pore-size distribution, allow Liquid Absorption fast, and it is kept in the structure, absorbed by the relative outer layer zone of hygroscopic piece or multilamellar district up to it.Parts in the ground floor district part 48 can be arranged to cover substantially the specified target area 52 of product, and in this zone, liquid such as urine are absorbed and enter absorbent structure.Therefore, in fact ground floor district 48 can become the appointment blot coat district of absorbent article core effectively.The shape in floor district 48 can be rectangle, non-rectangle or irregular shape, but is not more than the floor district below it usually, as second layer district 50.The present invention desirable aspect, the ground floor district is littler than the second layer district below it.For example, the first basic floor district roughly totally may be included in such zone, and it starts from the horizontal expansion line, and this line position is long from about to the inside 7% core of the edge foremost of described absorbent article core.And extending to the horizontal expansion line, this line position is long from about to the inside 62% core of the edge foremost of described absorbent article core.The longitudinal extending side edge in the other first basic floor district may be roughly corresponding with the second basic floor district lateral edges adjacent.
The example of other moisture absorption configuration generally is shown among Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.More of the present invention special aspect, ground floor district 48 can comprise such composite structure, it has many parts subgrade parts.
Fig. 3 and 3A have generally shown a kind of top view of absorbent article core structure, and the first top layer district 48 that this cored structure has extends to the middle part part of the overall area of absorbent article core 30, and second bottom region 50 then extends to roughly whole absorbent article core zone.Second layer district 50 has heterogeneous, and banded basis weight profile has relatively large basic weight in its vertical relative end parts, particularly to provide opposite longitudinally subregion in the target area at the bottom second layer.The mid portion in selected second layer district 50 also can have the basic weight littler than near the ground floor district that covers above 50, so that opposite sectional thickness to be provided in the target area.At least in the crotch portion district of absorbent article core 30, the transverse side edges in top layer district 48 is adjacent with the lateral edges in second layer district 50.The vertical end margin of each of ground floor district 48 is spaced apart with second layer district 50 corresponding end margins to the inside.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 A have generally shown such absorbent article core structure, and the top layer district 48 that it has has covered the whole front portion or the first of bottom region 50, but do not cover the whole rear portion or the second portion of bottom region.Basic transverse side edges and at least one the vertical end margin common phase neighbour with second layer district 50 of the transverse side edges of ground floor 48 and at least one vertical end margin.Shown in configuration in, the vertical end margin of at least one of ground floor district 48 is vertically spaced apart with the corresponding end margin in second layer district 50 to the inside.
Fig. 5 and 5A have generally shown the absorbent article core structure in the top layer district with whole covering bottom regions.The ground floor district 48 and the second layer district 50 that have in the shown configuration have essentially identical thickness and basic weight, but the first and second floor district also can select to have different thickness and basic weight, and structural otherwise difference.
Fig. 6 has generally shown the top view of another absorbent article core, and it has thinner, narrower lateral dimension and littler, shorter longitudinal size than bottom region in the top layer district that it has.Shown in the configuration, for example, the whole external margin periphery in ground floor district 48 separates with the whole basically external margin periphery in second layer district 50 to the inside basically.
In various configurations of the present invention, the agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent can be configured to help the memory rate of regulation liquid in each floor district of moisture absorption system.The agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent can provide the memory rate control of liquid in hygroscopic agent, only be because control speed superabsorbent material (SAM) exists, or mix the result of the superabsorbent composite members that controlled hydroscopicity is provided by superabsorbent agent and other materials.The superabsorbent agent of controlled hydroscopicity or use the superabsorbent composite members material of the superabsorbent agent of controlled hydroscopicity to can be applicable to the moisture absorption layer district of multilamellar district hygroscopic piece, especially be configured to the optimization that can under service condition, promote one or more other floor districts in the multilamellar district absorbent article core when saturated through selectivity when the agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent or controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent composite members material, by using the compositions of high fibrous lofted and the agent of controlled hydroscopicity superabsorbent, can make saturation in ground floor district 48 remain below the saturation levels in other moisture absorption layer districts, the result can make ground floor district 48 have high void content and transmitance, and the mobile transmission value of desired level is provided.
Comprise high fibrous lofted particularly the complex of wood pulp cellulose and superabsorbent agent also can carry out modification by in composite materials, introducing stabilizing agent.Stability Analysis of Structuresization can be used for making the structure of certain material or the constant or variation minimum of the structure of composite construction under internal force or external force effect of material.The Stability Analysis of Structures mechanism of action can make any floor district that is in the multilamellar district hygroscopic piece be benefited, and method is to help to keep the structure in floor district at that time in the time spent of doing that the product that comprises the multilamellar absorbent article core just is being exposed to the various power under the service condition.This will help floor district to keep its predetermined function, no matter be certain combination that liquid sucks (generation of void content), fluid storage and liquid distribution or these three functions.There is multiple suitable material technology to can be used for stablizing absorbent structure.For example the form that stabilisation can the chemically stable effect takes place, and for example, uses Kymene or other cross-linking reagents, also can realize by introducing thermoplastic bonding fibers or similar substance.
In various aspects of the present invention, top floor district 48 can comprise based on weaving or the fibrous material of nonwoven techniques.As the aforesaid each side of the present invention, these materials can be configured to provides maximum pore volume and transmitance, the generation that can keep enough capillary tensions to come the motion of controlling liquid and prevent to leak simultaneously.Absorbent article core for example of the present invention can comprise the functional part of non-woven material as top layer district 48.The bonded carded paper web is to can be formed from the example that enough transmitances and the equilibrated concrete fibrous material of capillarity are provided.By selecting according to qualifications of short fiber, can create such composite structure, it will preferably make bottom moisture absorption layer 50 saturated.The physique that this can be by top layer, the chemical property of control surface or use both means and finish.The porous of fibre structure can and select fiber size to determine by special fiber.The selection of fiber also can influence the capillarity of material.
Suitable combing structure is created by multiple fiber type and fiber size classification system.Fiber can make with synthetic and naturally occurring material.Usually preferably the fiber of ground floor 48 is to have extremely strong wettability, and natural fiber cellulosic material such as artificial silk or Cottonopolis can adopt.Synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyamide provide limited wettability, but they can be enhanced by hydrophilic finishing and processing.Because the fibre diameter of carded nonwoven can occur in sizable scope, desired results should comprise less than 25 microns isodiametric fibers.The combing material used weight scope that is used for ground floor 48 is about 50 to 200 gram/square metre (gsm), about 0.03g/cc of density or littler the manufacturing.The density final decision of fibrous material is in being used for method bonding or the stabilizing panel lining.
The stable of combing paper web can pass through the whole bag of tricks.Comprise the thermoplastic short fiber and use in some instances, so that structure can be by heating and pressurized adhesion.In the heat bonding process, correct use heat and pressure can be made into has very special transmitance and capillary stable structure.The combing structure also can use chemical resin or binding agent to make it stable.Equally, the selection of specific resin or binding agent with and addition and curing mode will help to control the characteristic of final paper web, and these characteristics can influence transmitance and capillarity, and wettability can be influenced because of the selection as the chemical resin system of bonding purpose.Combing structure available water, acupuncture, air or other make the mode of fibre matting make it mechanically stable.In addition, these technologies can be controlled in such a way, make that the physical property of material is consistent with expectation.
Special aspects more of the present invention can comprise such spun-bonded fibre, and the character that it has is to top described similar.Other aspects of the present invention also can comprise fiber size, basic weight, or the selected subregion of the carrying out of the material of other characteristic, so that the functional characteristic of expectation to be provided.Except that carded fiber paper web and molten spray fibrous webs, the air lay fibrous material also can use.
The amount of the component material in the ground floor district 48, basic weight, density etc. are following described, and the general basic weight of the first half that is positioned at goods in the zone of absorbent article core structure is to about 950gsm from about 750gsm.The ground floor district as mentioned above, anywhere all can provide total complex basic weight in the zone at this ground floor place of from about 25% to about 75%.This ratio height depends on used material and their relative efficiency.These materials that use that mix with lint and/or some short fibers that super wet stock is used for wherein have the initial density of 0.1g/cc to 0.3g/cc usually.This class material as based on synthetic, combing paper web with melt and spray paper web, has the density of about 0.015g/cc to 0.3g/cc, comparatively ideal density with about 0.2g/cc usually.The fiber size of synthetic fibers paper web is usually less than 3 daniers, and the 1-2 danier is more excellent, and is repeatedly showing little water contact angle under the moistening through handling.This processing wishes not reduce the surface tension by the liquid of fibrous webs.
Other non-woven structure is also applicable as the upper layer district 48 in the moisture absorption of the present invention system.The capacity in lower layer district and capillary suitable balance can be guaranteed in that repeatedly stained rear lower floor district can be saturated according to qualifications.It is contemplated that and use different lower layer district that this helps the absorption in non-woven upper layer district and can improve stained later function for the second time with better distribution capability.
More of the present invention can have liquid core suction value aspect desirable greater than about 36%.Can there be the liquid core suction value greater than about 16% other aspects of the present invention, and its mobile transmission value is greater than about 7x10
-6Cm
3At it on the other hand, the present invention can have combined guided wicking value (C) at least about 14 * 10
-6Cm
3
The combination of ideal mobile transmission value and wicking value can provide the favourable balance of liquid control characteristic.Concretely, this combination provides the liquid of the rapid absorption of liquid and absorption rapidly from sucking the ideal balance of target area between carry in the farther zone of absorbent structure.This traditional class formation does not provide ideal properties of combination.Therefore, provide the structure of ideal rapid suction not provide enough to make fast to absorb liquid from sucking shifting out of zone, liquid sucks and can provide the ideal liquid that makes suction can not provide enough fast from the structure that sucks the zone and carry fast.As a result, the moisture absorption target area may be too early, over-drastic saturated, perhaps causes over-drastic soaked with liquid for wearer's skin.
In special aspects more of the present invention, ground floor district 48 can be the body-side layers at top, it extends to vertical middle part in whole core district usually, but when demand is arranged, also can select to extend to whole core district. top layer is normally optimized intake performance, and it may also may not provide the liquid core suction or the distribution performance of desirable level.The ground floor district can have the minimum basis weight that is not less than about 100gsm usually, and better having is not less than the basic weight of about 300gsm.In other respects, the ground floor district can have the maximum basis weight that is not more than about 700gsm usually, and comparatively ideal have a basic weight that is not more than 600gsm.
With reference to Fig. 3 and 3A, ground floor partly generally includes the fibrous material that minimum is no less than about 50% weight (WT%), and be no less than 60% fibrous material comparatively ideal comprising.On the other hand, ground floor part can comprise maximum no more than about 80% fibrous material usually, comparatively ideally comprises no more than about 70% fibrous material.Fibrous material can be natural or natural synthetic, and minimum fiber size, particularly fibre diameter that fibrous material can possess are about 4 microns (μ m) at least, and the comparatively ideal fiber size that has is at least about 10 microns.On the other hand, the maximum fiber size that fiber can have is not more than 20 microns, and ideal have fiber size and be not more than about 15 microns.
The ground floor part also can comprise the superabsorbent material that minimum is not less than about 20% weight, and be no less than about 30% superabsorbent agent ideal comprising.On the other hand, ground floor part can comprise and is not more than about 50% superabsorbent material at most, ideal no more than about 40% the superabsorbent material that comprises.The minimum dry granularity that the superabsorbent material can have is not less than about 110 microns, wishes that the dried particles degree that has is not less than about 300 microns.On the other hand, the superabsorbent material can have maximum and is not more than about 1000 microns dried particles degree; And be more preferably the dried particles degree that is not more than 700 microns.The superabsorbent material also can have the MAUL value that is not less than about 20g/g, and ideal have a MAUL value that is not less than 25g/g.In addition, the MAUL value can reach 30g/g or bigger, with improvement effect.Aspect another, the superabsorbent material can have the Tau value at least about 0.8 minute, and can have the Tau value that reaches 40 minutes.
The minimum average B configuration density that ground floor district 48 can have usually is at least about 0.03g/cc, and the density of wishing to have is at least about 0.05g/cc.On the other hand, the ground floor district can have maximum average density and be not more than about 0.4g/cc, ideal have be not more than about 0.2g/cc.The ground floor district can comprise any type of tissue layer, and the material that they are used for being positioned at the ground floor district is fixed together or as carrier body.For example, which floor chiffon can be used for fixedly superabsorbent material, and these superabsorbent material clips place between the tissue layer.
Various configuration of the present invention can comprise the absorbing material in the selected layer of any effective absorbent structure.The example of suitable absorbing material can comprise such material, be set forth in people's such as R.Andersor U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 754,414, be entitled as " multifunctional ceiling wet stock and the product produced thereby ", November 22 in 1996 was submitted (attorney docket 12,442) to; U.S. Provisional Patent Application serial number 068,534 with people such as L.H.Sawyer is entitled as " fine hair and the superabsorbent agent complex that are used to improve absorption function ", and December was submitted (attorney docket 13,041) on the 13rd in 1997 years.Whole contents is incorporated into this for examining ginseng in consistent therewith mode.
Referring to Fig. 3 and 3A, second layer district part 50 comprises hydrophilic fibre, as the piece or the substrate of the super-absorbent gelling materials of wood pulp fiber and selected amount, as Coosa 1654 wood pulps and Stockhausen Favor 880 superabsorbent agent.The mixed usually or otherwise combination of these materials is so that the complex of 20-80% weight comprises the superabsorbent granule.The improvement that also can carry out material is to provide the improvement of properties of product.These improvement can comprise that the wood pulp cellulose of application enhancements produces the improvement of liquid distribution, or use the improvement that the Stabilization technology is come control structure and produced wicking properties.Potential antihunt means include, but are not limited to this, use adhesive material, as Kymene or some other cross-linking agent, or introduce the heat-activatable adhesive fiber.Stability Analysis of Structuresization is such technology, keeps structure when it is used under material is exposed to internal force or external force or makes material or the minimum variation of the structure of the complex of material generation.Various technology for example add thermoplastic binder fiber, chemical cross-linking agent similar approach such as (as Kymene), and the combination of these methods, can be used to stablize absorbent structure.
Any can effectively being configured to can provide the material that improves the distribution of liquid ability of leaving the target area that required functional outcome can both be provided.These materials can comprise such laminate; it comprises superabsorbent granule and at least a fibrous webs; this paper web is configured to especially can improve the wicking flux performance; the layout in suitable second layer district 50 can comprise; but be not limited thereto; the laminate of the granule of cellulose chiffon material or cellulosic superabsorbent paper web, or any other stable fibrous webs.Other fibrous webs may comprise wet shop chiffon, airlaid material in conjunction with short synthetic and natural fiber or the treated paper web that melts and sprays, also available those should be in the fibrous webs of the type that constitutes ground floor district 48.It is another kind of that to can be used for improving materials with function be superabsorbent granule or fabric and laminate wettable, open-cell foam materials.
On the other hand, the second basic floor district can have the lengthwise scope, and it is greater than the lengthwise scope in the described first basic floor district.In addition, the second basic floor district lateral extent that can have is adjacent substantially with the described first basic floor district.The second basic floor district that other configurations can comprise has the lateral extent of lateral extent less than the described first basic floor district.For example, the lateral extent in second of at least a portion basic floor district can be not less than the lateral extent of the corresponding neighbouring part in about 30% the first basic floor district.Other configurations can comprise the second basic floor district, and the lateral extent that it has is greater than the lateral extent in the first basic floor district.For example, the lateral extent in first of this at least a portion basic floor district can be not less than the lateral extent of adjacent part of the correspondence in about 30% the second basic floor district.
With reference to figure 3 and 3A, the component materials in the second basic floor district 50 can be provided by various effective amounts, basic weight, density etc.For example, the second basic floor district can have the non-homogeneous basic weight of selection.In addition, the second basic floor district 50 can constitute the whole complex basic weight of the absorbent article core structure of about 25%-100% in arbitrary position, and the density range that has usually from about 0.1g/cc to 0.3g/cc.On the other hand, second layer district part 50 can comprise many two or more parts sublayer districts, and wherein each parts sublayer district has through the physics of selection and the combination of functional characteristic.
In special aspects more of the present invention, absorbent article core 30 floor district is distribution layer and can provides and be not less than about 16% liquid core suction value at least.In addition, the peripheral limit that has of this distribution layer and zone extend beyond and the desired target area 52 of moisture absorption composite members.
The distribution layer district helps the critical function that provides special.First kind of function comprises the reservation of liquid and its from the shifting out of target area, and second kind of function provides the superabsorbent ability of enough short time (during liquid is stained), remedies the void content minimizing relevant with slim product manufacturing.The structural element in this one deck district comprises SAP content, parts basic weight and component density.Examples of material with high liquid core suction performance is set forth in United States Patent (USP) 5, in 350,370, be entitled as " high wicking liquid moisture absorption composite ", in nineteen ninety-five JIUYUE authorized people such as D.M.Jackson on the 27th, whole content is incorporated herein by reference in corresponding to mode therewith.
The second layer partly generally includes weight and is no less than about 50% fibrous material, and be not no less than about 60% fibrous material ideal comprising.In other respects, second layer part can comprise no more than about 95% fibrous material usually, and be not more than about 80% fibrous material ideal comprising.Fibrous material can be natural or be synthetic in essence.The fiber size that fibrous material had, particularly fibre diameter are at least about 4 microns, and the ideal fiber size that has is at least about 10 microns.Aspect another, the fiber size that fibrous material can have is not more than about 20 microns, and the ideal fiber size that has is not more than about 15 microns.In addition, fibrous material can have be not more than about 70 the degree water contact angles, ideal have be not more than about 50 the degree water contact angles.
Second layer part also can comprise weight and be no less than about 5% superabsorbent material, and be no less than about 15% superabsorbent agent ideal comprising.On the other hand, second layer part can comprise no more than about 50% superabsorbent material, ideally comprises no more than about 40% superabsorbent agent.The superabsorbent material can have and is not less than about 110 microns dried particles degree, ideal have be not less than about 300 microns dried particles degree.On the other hand, the superabsorbent material can have and is not more than about 1000 microns dried particles degree, ideal have be not more than about 700 microns dried particles degree.The superabsorbent material also can have the MAUL value that is not more than about 20g/g, and ideal have a MAUL value that is not less than about 25g/g.In addition, the MAUL value can reach about 30g/g or more with improvement effect.Aspect another, the superabsorbent material can have the Tau value at least about 0.67 minute, the ideal Tau value that has at least about 2 minutes.
Favourable configuration of the present invention comprises such second layer district 50, and it has to have at least about 36% liquid core suction value and the superabsorbent agent that comprises and is not less than about 0.4 minute Tau value.Other favourable structures can comprise such second layer district, and it has to have at least about 16% liquid core suction value and the superabsorbent agent that comprises and is not less than about 0.67 minute Tau value.
In special aspects of the present invention, superabsorbent material in the ground floor district 48 is configured to that to have be the duple Tau value of Tau value that is arranged in the superabsorbent agent in second layer district 50 (the Tau value is than being about 2: 1), the Tau value can be at least about 2.5: 1 than better, preferably can be so that Ideal Characteristics to be provided at least about 3: 1, aspect other, the combination of the superabsorbent material in the first and second floor district can be configured to provides the Tau value that reaches about 10: 1 ratio, perhaps, the combination of this superabsorbent material can be formed to provide and reached about 40: 1 or higher Tau value ratio.
The average density that second layer district 50 has usually is at least about 0.1g/cc, the ideal density that has at least about 0.15g/cc.In other respects, second layer district can have the average density that is not more than 0.3g/cc, and ideal have the density that is not more than about 0.25g/cc.In special aspects, average density can be about 0.2g/cc.Second layer district comprises arbitrarily such tissue layer, and the material that it is used for being positioned at second layer district is fixed together or as carrier body.For example, which floor chiffon can be applicable to fixedly one deck superabsorbent material, and it is folded between the chiffon.
The more description of various structures of the present invention then is provided in to be entitled as " layered absorbent structure " in people's such as R.Everett the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 09/096,652, submits on June 12nd, 1998 (attorney docket 13,505); In people's such as R.Everett the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 09/096,653, be entitled as " absorbent structure ", submitted on June 12nd, 1998 (attorney docket 13,507) with heterosphere district; And people's such as R.Evertt U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 09/097,029, be entitled as " layered absorbent structure " with zoned basis weight and heterosphere district, submitted on June 12nd, 1998 (attorney docket 13,508).The whole disclosed content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode.
Referring again to Fig. 1, leg elastic members 34 is positioned at lateral side edge 110 places of diaper, and is arranged to recline wearer's shank of diaper 20.Elastomeric element is fixed on the diaper 20 with a kind of state of elastic shrinkage, so that in general tension configuration, this elastomeric element effectively overcomes diaper 20 and shrinks.Elastomeric element can be fixed with the elastic shrinkage state at least in two ways, and for example, when diaper 20 was in not contraction state, elastomeric element can stretch and be fixing.Perhaps diaper 20 can shrink, and for example by pleated, elastomeric element is then fixed and is connected on the diaper 20, and this moment, elastomeric element was in loose or unstretched state.Also have other mechanism, can be used for drawing in medicated clothing as the pyrocondensation elastomeric material.
In the illustrative embodiment of Fig. 1, leg elastic members 34 is mainly extended along the total length in the middle crotch portion district 42 of diaper 20.Perhaps, elastomeric element 34 may extend to the total length of diaper 20, or other length arbitrarily, as long as be suitable for providing the layout of the elastic shrinkage line of concrete diaper design.
Elastomeric element 34 can have any in the multiple configuration.For example, the width of one elastomeric element 34 can from about 0.25 millimeter (about 0.01 inch) to about 25 millimeters (about 1.0 inches) or more.Elastomeric element can comprise the sub-thread elastomeric material maybe can comprise several strands of parallel or uneven elastomeric materials, or can be applicable to straight line or arrangement of curves.If each strand material is not parallel, two strands or more multiply can in elastic component, intersect or interconnect.Elastomeric element can be fixed on the diaper with any method in the known several method of present technique.Elastomeric element can be a ultrasonic bonds, by using various binding agent decorative pattern Heat Sealings, or utilizes the spraying or the centrifugal spraying mode of binding agent, makes it to be pasted on the diaper 20 as hot melt, contact adhesive.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, leg elastic members 34 can comprise such slide glass, is adhering to the elastic component that comprises many single elasticity elastic bundles of grouping above it.Elastic bunch can be intersected or interconnect, or whole being separated from each other.Slide glass can for example comprise the thick polymeric film of 0.002cm, as the polypropylene material thin film of no embossing.Elastic bunch can for example comprise the LYCPA elastomer, can buy in DuPont, and at Wilmington, the commercial undertaking that Delawere maintains an office.Every elastic bunch within the about 470-1500 dtex of scope (dtx), also can be about 940-1050dtx usually.In specific embodiments of the invention, for example, can be used for every flexible type leg binding belt to three or four strands.
In addition, leg elastic 34 can be straight or trade-off curve shape.For example, Wan Qu elastic component can be inwardly towards the longitudinal centre line bending of diaper.In concrete the layout, the radian of elastic component may not can be configured to or is arranged to the cross central line symmetry with respect to diaper.Crooked elastic component can have and curves inwardly and bandy mapping type curvature, and the length of elastic component can be by setovering towards the front or rear belt one selected distance of diaper, ideal outward appearance to be provided and to be suitable for dress to mid point.In specific embodiments of the invention, the innermost point (summit) of this group elasticity of flexure part can be setovered towards the front or rear belt of diaper, and bandy mapping part can place the front waist belt towards diaper.
As shown in the figure, diaper 20 can comprise waist elastic 32, it is positioned at the zone, an edge of front waist belt 38 or back belt 40 or is positioned at both, waist elastic can comprise any suitable elastic materials, as elastomer thin film, elastic foam material, multiply elastic bunch, elastic fiber or analog, for example, suitable elastic waist belt cage structure is set forth in people's such as Lippert United States Patent (USP) 4, in 916,005, wherein whole disclosure comprehensively is incorporated into this for your guidance in consistent therewith mode.
Diaper 20 also can comprise a pair of with elasticity flap 82, and they are usually along longitudinally 86 longitudinal extensions of diaper.This flap laterally places the inboard from leg elastic 34 edges usually, and places the both sides of the lengthwise longitudinal center line of diaper substantially symmetrically.In illustrated layout, every flap 82 has basic fixed edge part 81 and basic movable edge portion 83, and elastification effectively, with the bodily form that helps each flap conformal wearer and be close to health.Suitable flap example of structure is set forth in United States Patent (USP) 4,704, in 116, authorizes K.Enloe on November 3rd, 1987.Wherein disclosed full content is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode.Flap can comprise wettable on request or can not wet material.In addition, the flap material can be liquid-tight substantially, can only ventilatively maybe can breathe freely and saturating liquid.Other suitable flap structure is set forth in people's such as R.Everett the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 206,816, and on March 4th, 1994 submitted to; Be entitled as " have and improve the absorbent product that surge is handled " (attorney docket 11,375), it is authorized and is United States Patent (USP) 5,562,650, and present disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode.
As selection, in the other configuration of the present invention, diaper 20 can comprise the waist hinged joint with elastification, for example those are set forth in the United States Patent (USP) 4 of authorizing K.Enloe on June 28th, 1988,753, in 646, reach the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 560 that is entitled as " absorbent product " with improved elastic edge zone and closed system people such as D.Laux, in 525, in the submission (attorney docket 11091) on the 18th of nineteen ninety-five December, disclosed full content is incorporated herein by reference in consistent therewith mode among them.Similar to the structure of sealing hinged joint, the waist hinged joint can comprise wettable on demand or can not wet material.Waist hinged joint material can be liquid-tight substantially, only ventilative body, or promptly ventilative saturating again liquid.
For the fastening system that can reinforce again is provided, diaper 20 comprises that specified height plays district 78 (as Figure 1A), and it can be admittance thereon and can remove connecting plate 44 connections and exercisable target area is provided.In specific embodiments of the invention, Gao Qiqu takes on the outer surface that part can be positioned at back sheet 22 and is positioned in the front waist belt portion 38 of diaper.Fastening means between Gao Qiqu and the connecting plate 44 can be adherent, adhesion, machinery or its combination.For example, adopted the configuration of the dissoluble mechanical fastening system that is bonded with each other the first of machanical fastener can be positioned high rising in the district 78, second mating part of machanical fastener then is positioned on the connecting plate 44.For example use hook one ring fastener, hook material 46 can effectively be connected on the connecting plate 44, and ring material 80 then can be connected to high rising in the district 78 effectively.Perhaps, ring material can be connected to connecting plate 44 effectively, and the hook material can be connected to high rising in the district 78 effectively.
In each embodiment of the present invention, a band stator 44 can be placed on the some of belt 38 and 40 or two s' transverse end zone 116 and 118 some or the two.For example, illustrated embodiment has the connecting plate 44 at the edge, distal side that is seated in back belt 40.In addition, back sheet 22 can have high the rising of specified securing member and be with 78, and it is positioned on the outer surface of back sheet.
Referring to Fig. 1, for example, goods can comprise the system of lateral plate parts 90.In concrete the layout, from the relative side end of at least one waistband portion of tergite 22, stretch out, so that the end side part of goods to be provided by back waistband portion 40 as shown along laterally for each lateral plate parts 90.In addition, each lateral plate is across to the position of the associated and corresponding leg opening part of about diaper basically from the terminal waistband edge 106 of horizontal expansion.For example diaper 20 has laterally relative a pair of leg opening, and it is by specified, and the mid portion in shown a pair of longitudinal extending side edge district 110 (Fig. 1) forms.The fore-and-aft distance that each lateral plate can be crossed over is at least about 4cm, and as selection, the fore-and-aft distance of leap is at least about 5cm, and perhaps the fore-and-aft distance that can cross over is at least about 6cm, with suitable the wearing property of improving.
In various configurations of the present invention, lateral plate can form by selected diaper component is whole.For example, lateral plate 90 can form by this layer material that back sheet 22 is provided is whole, or can be formed by the material monolithic that is used to provide top flat 24.In other configurations, lateral plate 90 can and be installed to tergite 22 by one or more connections, to top flat 24, between top flat and tergite, and provides at the parts of the various fixedly connected combinations of this assembly.
Of the present invention concrete aspect, each lateral plate 90 can be formed by the material that a slice provides separately, it is suitable for assembling and attach to waistband portion before or after diaper goods selected.In illustrated embodiments of the invention, for example, each lateral plate 90 is connected to along lateral plate attachment regions 94 on the back waistband portion of tergite 22, can effectively be connected on one or two of the tergite of goods and top flat assembly.The corresponding transverse end edges region overlapping and the lamination of the inboard attachment regions of every lateral plate that shown configuration has and the waistband portion of goods.Lateral plate extends laterally to form the waist hinge parts of a pair of relative diaper, and be connected with suitable connected mode such as gluing joint, thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonds, clamping, stitching, stitching or similar approach, usually, lateral plate laterally extends the end side edge of back sheet and top flat layer at the waistband portion place of the connection of goods.
Lateral plate 90 can comprise inelastic substantially material, for example thin polymer film, weaving fiber, non woven fibre or materials similar, and the combination of above-mentioned material.Of the present invention concrete aspect, lateral plate 90 comprises elastic substantially material, as stretched bonded casting die (SBL) material, undergauge adhesive layer casting die (NBL) material, elastic film, elastic foam material, but or are materials of elastic stretching at least along horizontal direction 88 similarly.For example, the suitable meltblown elastomeric fibers paper web that is used to form lateral plate 90 is described in the United States Patent (USP) 4,663,220 of authorizing people such as T.Wisneski on May 5th, 1987, and wherein disclosed full content is incorporated into this reference.Comprising example that one deck at least is fixed in the compound fabric of the nonwoven fibres on the fibrous elasticity layer describes and has been set forth among the European patent application EP 0217032A2, it belongs to inventor J, people such as Taylor, on April 8th, 1987 is open, and wherein openly full content is incorporated herein by reference.The MBL examples of material is described in authorized in the United States Patent (USP) 5,226,992 of Mormon on July 13rd, 1993, and wherein disclosed full content is incorporated herein by reference.
As previously mentioned, various appropriate structures can be used for lateral plate 90 is connected to the selected waistband portion of goods.The particular example that but a pair of elasticity tensile part is fixed to the aforementioned suitable structure outside the horizontal opposite side portion district of the outer housing that extends transversely to these goods above the widthwise edge part of goods and liner component can be authorized people's such as P.VanGompel United States Patent (USP) 4 referring to July 3 nineteen ninety, 938,753, wherein disclosed full content and corresponding to mode described herein are incorporated herein by reference.
But comprise elastification or be configured under the material situation of elastic stretching at lateral plate 90, this elastic side panels preferably can provide extensibility standing 0.33 pound tensioning load on every linear inch specimen size promptly along under the directive effect that adds load (about 0.58 newton/centimetre) perpendicular to this under at least about 30% peak load.Perhaps, this elastic side panels material can provide the extensibility at least about 100%, and as the extensibility of selecting to provide at least about 300%, to improve performance.
Each lateral plate 90 from the relative lateral ends of at least one waistband portion of diaper 20 along horizontal expansion.In an illustrated embodiment, each lateral plate extends from the relative lateral ends of the back waistband portion of tergite 22.Each lateral plate comprises outside relatively free terminal end regions 92, and this zone has length dimension longitudinally.Each lateral plate also has the width dimensions and the base regions connecting band 94 of horizontal expansion, and this connecting band has overlapping structure bond connector, is connected on the arbitrary of top flat and back sheet or both.That lateral plate can have a taper or other contour shapes, the base of lateral plate connecting band 94 are grown up in the length in relatively externally distal end zone 92.Perhaps, the length of connecting band 94 can be less than the length in relative distal end zone 92 externally.As selection, lateral plate can have substantial rectangular shape or trapezoid basically shape.
Stress beam part 98 can be configured in along the free end zone 92 of each lateral plate outside on each lateral plate 90, so that act on the tensile stress uniform distribution more on the side panel regions.Stress beam partly is configured to has high relatively values of stiffness, and in ideal configuration, the stress beam part is along the entire longitudinal length extension of lateral plate perimeter 92 basically.Connecting plate 44 can connect thereon and extend from the stress beam parts transversely of each lateral plate 90, tightens up around the wearer with the waistband portion at goods operating period chien shih goods.
Each connecting plate 44 can comprise slide glass layer 56, and it will select the zone, inside edge of secure component, and as directed hook part 46 is connected in the outer edge zone may of its relevant and corresponding lateral plate 90.The slide glass layer has first lateral zones of horizontal inboard and second lateral zones of lateral outer side.First sidepiece differentiation tegillum pressure or an available resulting structure are in conjunction with connection and be attached to lateral plate.Structure and layout side panel material, slide glass layer material and the bonded configuration of structure are to form effective stress beam part 98.As selecting, can comprise a reinforcement material extra play, it is along rigidity and further its ability along the longitudinally dispersive stress of lateral plate that improves of stress beam zone strengthened beam.
The longitudinal extent that the medial region of slide glass layer 56 can have is the longitudinal size less than the free edge zone 92 in the outside of lateral plate 90.Perhaps, slide glass layer 56 longitudinal extent that can have can equal (as Fig. 1) or substantially greater than the longitudinal size of the exterior section of lateral plate.
The parts of hook material 46 by lamination or with one effectively structure connect and be attached to the perimeter of slide glass layer.Specifically, shown in hook part 46 be laminated into the inside body side surface of slide glass layer, its hook spare then extends to goods are inboard usually.Shown in layout in, the horizontal remote edge common adjacency in the horizontal remote edge in the outside of the second slide glass marginal zone and the outside of hook spare 46 connects.In addition, the horizontal remote edge of terminal of the horizontal remote edge of the second slide glass marginal zone and member 46 is laterally inwardly spaced apart.No matter in which kind of configuration, the horizontal remote edge of hook spare 46 all is the lateral terminal edge of goods.
The edge than the outside of the longitudinal extension of lateral plate parts 90 can leave selected fastening area extend longitudinally than inside edge one slide glass spacing distance.More particularly, the outer ledge of lateral plate parts 90 also can with hook spare 46 separate above-mentioned slide glass distance at interval than the inside edge, as selection, the lateral extent that spacing distance has should be equal to or greater than the lateral extent of fastening area, in addition, the body side surface towards interior of slide glass layer 56 is constructed to be permeable to and engages in hook spare has limited machinery, the result, the fold line that connecting plate 44 is extended longitudinally is folding, with selectively with fastening zone location and configuration on a memory location, and allow hook spare against the body side surface location of slide glass layer 56 and keep.Degree of engagement between this hook spare material and the slide glass layer only need be enough to keep above-mentioned memory location.For example, be bonded in the scope of about 1-50 gram force unimodal peeling force value can be provided.
In concrete configuration of the present invention, the material of slide glass layer 56 can comprise it being stiff material basically, for example polymeric film, Woven fabric, supatex fabric etc. and their combining form.Perhaps, this slide glass web material can comprise it being elastic material basically, as laminate (SBL) material of stretched bonded, necking down adhesive layer casting die (NBL) material, elastic film, elastic foam material etc. with and combination.This elastomeric material at least can be along horizontal 88 elastic stretchings.For example, the slide glass web material can comprise that spunbond one melts and sprays one spunbond (SMS) fabric, and it accompanies the core material of meltblown fibers between two-layer spun-bonded fibre surface layer, be about 50-67g/m so that total complex basic weight to be provided
2(about 1.5-2 oz/yd
2).As another example, this slide glass web material can be about 50-67g/m that basic weight is fully
2(about 1.5-2 oz/yd
2) the nonwoven, spunbond fabric.
The machanical fastener that can be used for the various configurations of the present invention can be provided by the securing member of mechanical type such as hook, belt fastener, buckle, button etc. with matching, and they comprise and cooperatively interacting and mechanical interlocked of mending mutually.In special aspects more of the present invention, this clamp device can be by hook-loop fastening system, the first ring fastening system of mushroom or similar system's (being generically and collectively referred to as hook one ring fastener).This fastening system generally comprises " hook " or hook-shaped male part and " ring " or the cyclic female part that cooperatively interacts, and female part engages and releasably be interconnected to hook spare.This interconnection preferably can be unclamped selectively.This traditional type systematic for example can be bought under the VELCR0 trade names.
The example of the hook one ring fastening system that is suitable for has been described in 1991,5, and 28 authorize in people's such as T.Roessler the United States Patent (USP) 5019073, and wherein disclosed whole content is with corresponding to being incorporated herein by reference herein.The example of other hook one ring fastening system is described in: U.S. Patent Application Serial 366080, be entitled as " high stripping type contact pin securing member ", December in 1994 28 days is submitted (attorney docket 11571) to by G.Zehner etc., has authorized as United States Patent (USP) 5605735; U.S. Patent Application Serial 421640 is entitled as " multi-link formula fastening system ", and submitted by people such as P.VanGompel April 13 nineteen ninety-five, and disclosed whole content is to be incorporated herein by reference with corresponding to mode described herein in the two.The example of the fastening contact pin of being constructed by slide glass layer 56 has been described in people's such as A.Long be entitled as " having the fastening system that grasps contact pin ", the Application No. of submitting on March 6th, 1,996 08/0603, in 477 (attorney docket 12563), this application is authorized as United States Patent (USP) NO.5624429, and wherein disclosed whole content is to be incorporated herein by reference with corresponding to mode described herein.
In the typical configuration of hook one ring fastening system, hook material pieces 46 is connected with fastening contact pin 44 effectively, and ring material 80 then is used for constituting at least one height that cooperatively interacts and plays district 78.This Gao Qiqu for example can be properly located on the lateral surface of exposure of tergite 22.As previously mentioned, the another kind of configuration of this hook one ring fastening system can have the ring material that is fixed in the fastening contact pin 44 and can have the hook material that is used for forming high district 78.
In special aspects more of the present invention, hook material pieces 46 can be the sort of miniature hook material that is referred to as.Suitable miniature hook material is sold under trade names CS200, can be available from St.Paul, and Minnesota has the 3M company of marketing institutions.This miniature hook material can have the hook spare of mushroom " medicated cap " shape, and can construct into about 1600 hook/inches
2Hook density, hook is high to be about 0.033-0.097cm (about 0.01 3-0.038 inch).Medicated cap is wide in about 0.025-0.033cm (about 0.01-0.013 inch) scope.This a few hooks dress invests on the base film substrate, the thick about 0.0076-0.01cm of this substrate (about 0.003-0.004 inch) and the Gurley stiffness is about 15mgf (milligram power).
The another kind of miniature hook material that is suitable for is to sell at trade names VELCRO CFM-29 1508, can purchase at Manchester, and New Hampshire has the VELCRO U.S.A company of marketing institutions.The hook of this miniature hook material is angled hook spare, and can form hook density and be about 246 hooks/cm
2(about 1700 hook/inches
2), hook is high to be about 0.030-0.063cm (about 0.012-0.025 inch), hook is wide to be about 0.007-0.022cm (about 0.003-0.009 inch).Basic unit's substrate of this hook spare and thick about 0.0076-0.008 cm (about 0.003-0.0035 inch) is extrusion molding simultaneously, the about 12mgf of Gurley stiffness (12 Gurley unit) of this hook material.
Be purpose of the present invention, each stiffness value is fixed with respect to the moment of flexure side that is produced by the power in length that vertically is oriented to institute's test parts and the wide basic plane of determining.The proper technology that is used to measure stiffness value described here is the test of Gurley stiffness, is illustrated among the TAPPI code test T543 om-94 (buckling resistance of paper (Garley type testing machine)).The testing equipment that is suitable for is a Gurley numeral stiffness testing machine, model 4171-D, and by at Troy, the Teledyne Gurley of NewYork marketing institutions makes.
In various configurations of the present invention, ring material can be provided by non-woven, woven or knit goods.For example, the ring material fabric of Shi Yonging can be included in trade names #34285 available from Guilford Mills, Inc, Greensborough, two bar WARP-KNITTING and other knit goods of North Carolina.Suitable ring material then can be weaved ring available from the nylon that 3M company under the SCOTCHMATE trade mark sells.3M company also sold annular paper web and the knitting endless belt of 3M that few lining of binding agent is arranged on the tergite of paper web.
In special aspects more of the present invention, ring material needn't be limited to discrete height and play district's sticking patch.Replace this ring material, for example can provide that successive basically to become whole extending to be the outer fibre layer that is used on the complete exposed surface area of cloth shape outer housing of diaper basically.The cloth shape tergite 22 of so final formation can be provided for " can be fastening in any place " effectively ring material of mechanical fastening system thus.In fact, the regional extent of this kind ring material will depend on the expense of material.
Securing member in the various structures of the present invention can remain to together any or multiple fastening structure by all miscellaneous parts that are used for constructing goods of the present invention and them, is attached to effectively in its basic unit.Securing member in each fastening zone preferably with relevant basic unit together for example by technology monolithic molding such as molded, coextrusion.This basic unit can be formed by substantially the same polymeric material with machanical fastener, and unnecessary synchronous the gathering that securing member is attached in the hook basic unit that initially separates.In the configuration of illustrated basic fastening zone, for example this hook spare can be by extrude basic unit and hook spare from essentially identical polymeric material co-extrusion monolithic molding simultaneously.
Should readily recognize that between the securing member of basic unit and attachment be connected or the intensity of other interconnection forms all should be greater than for shifting out required peak force with fastening contact pin 44 from high district of appointment that it releasably is fixed to goods.
Calculate and test program
The test program of partial saturation thickness
The thickness height (h) of each layer under its fractional saturation state is determined by reusing above definite input and following steps:
Scope
The mensuration of the thickness (h) in each floor district under its fractional saturation state.
Equipment and material
Glass training Ti Shi (petri) vessel (100 * 15mm-Corning Number3160-101-Fei Xier (Fisher) scientific classification 08-747C).
Normal saline solution, as classification number 8504 normal saline solutions, it can be bought from StevenesScientific, and it is the branch of Cornwell Corporation, and one at Riverdale, the commercial undertaking that New Jersey maintains an office; Or the material of basic equivalence.
Thickness detector is the platen of 3 inches (7.62cm) with 0.05psi (0.345Kpa) diameter.
Diel--diameter is 3 inches (7.62cm) ring.
Platform scale.
The experiment timer.
Test program
Stamp out the sample of the detected materials of 3 inches (7.62cm) diameters.
The saturation of computation layer (gram fluid/gram sample), this layer is 0.6g/cm based on saturation
2Moisture absorption and superabsorbent material, and adopt the technology of in the conduction of flowing is calculated, discussing.
Weigh and calculate the weight of drying sample and note.
Calculating will add the amount of liquid of the normal saline in the sample, and this value multiply by the drying sample quality with the saturation levels of wishing and obtains.
The amount of the liquid that calculates is assigned to the training Ti Shi vessel that place plane surface, so that liquid distributes uniformly in sample.
Sample is put in the training Ti Shi vessel, so that sample keeps flat picking up counting.
After 30 minutes, sample is taken out from training Ti Shi vessel.
Measure and the thickness (with mm is unit) of record sample under 0.05psi (0.34Kpa) restriction pressure is.
One-tenth-value thickness 1/10 under the partial saturation (h) can use in the equation in order to the mobile transmission value that calculates moisture absorption composite members system
The fluid conduction is calculated
Absorbent article core is at the liquid load 0.6g/cm of hygroscopic agent
2The time flow conductivity, can be used to reflect the inlet capacity of an absorbent article core structure when core is in the fractional saturation state.Mobile transmission value can be described with following equation:
Transmission value=k flows
1h
1+ k
2h
2+ k
3h
3+
Here, every layer of transmitance of k=in given saturation.
Every layer of h=every layer transmitance (k) in the thickness absorbent article core of given saturation can be calculated as follows: every layer of absorbent article core is the combination of non-swelling fiber and superabsorbent granule, fiber or thin wadding basically.The transmitance expression formula of random localized a pile cylinder or a pile spheroid is: cylindrical and other regular or irregular, slender and fibrous:
Common spheroid with other rules or irregular particle shape:
Here SA/V is the surface area and the volumetric ratio of solid portion, and unit is cm
-1, porous ε is the volume in hole and the ratio of the cumulative volume of whole medium.Above the foundation of transmitance expression formula from Happel and Brenner, " low reynolds number hydrodynamics ", NoordhoffInternationl publishes (1973).The expression formula of quoting from works about the transmitance of cylinder and spheroid is applicable to simpler form, and is as implied above, is used to obtain exponential quantity and multiplier value.
The nearly all liquid that has been noted that stained release is for the first time all absorbed by the superabsorbent agent before stained release for the second time.Therefore in order to calculate the transmitance value in movement-oriented calculating, precedingly all absorbed by the superabsorbent agent.Therefore in order to calculate the transmitance value in movement-oriented calculating, the liquid (0.6g/cm of all above indications
2) all think and be contained in the superabsorbent agent.Therefore, calculating porous value ε, the surface-to-volume ratio of superabsorbent agent, liquid volume is included in wherein as a solid part.Like this, the porous ε of material can provide with following formula:
ε=1-[(solid volume+liquid volume)/(the shared cumulative volume of moistening sample)];
Whole volumes that the sample of moistening here is shared multiply by thickness of sample by the area of sample and determine.Thickness program under the partial saturation that thickness of sample can be illustrated by this description is determined.The surface area that is used for the transmitance equation of various parts calculates the volume expression formula volume (SA/V) term usable fibers or particulate surface area, and this is the same with the form that is used for single parts.For fiber, surface area equals perpendicular to the girth in the cross section of the longitudinal axis of cylinder and the ratio p/a of area volume ratio.For cylinder, for example with circular cross-section:
Here γ is that cylindrical cross-section is the radius of unit with cm.For banded shape; Be the sort of approximate rectangular cross section that has:
For the fiber with complicated cross section shape, microtechnique common in the available present technique of ratio of girth and area is determined.For example, see E.E.Underwood, " quantitative three-dimensional logic ", Addison Wesley Publishing Co. (1970).
In these calculated, the surface area of non-expansion fiber and volume ratio can use " SA/V " value to determine (surface area and the volume ratio that are used for fiber) basically, and the cross section shape of this value and fiber matches.For example, villus fiber is normally banded, has the rectangular cross-section shape.For example, for having 8 microns (0.0008cm) thickness and 40 microns villus fibers that (0.0040cm) is wide, the surface-to-volume ratio is
The form of superabsorbent agent can be a graininess, fibrous, thin cotton-shaped, or their combination.And superabsorbent agent expansion characteristics may be isotropic, also can be anisotropic.The shape of the superabsorbent agent that major part is commercially available is granular, and it is that isotropism is expansible substantially.Such superabsorbent granule can be used as spheroid and handle in this calculating.All basic identical when granularity, the surface area of spheroid and volume ratio can be used for estimating the surface area and the volume ratio of this superabsorbent agent.The surface area of spheroid and volume ratio provide as follows:
Here r is that spheroid is the radius of unit with cm.
Yet the superabsorbent material may comprise the distribution of different size particles.When this distribution is single form basically, surface area and volume ratio that can usage count weight.For given distribution, this value can followingly be calculated:
Here: r
iThe mid point of particulate radius in=the i part, the cm of unit.
n
iGranule number in=the i part
And m
1Particulate mass fraction in=the i part, the gram ρ of unit
SAP=dry superabsorbent agent density of solid, unit: g/cc.
If distribution of particles is multi-form, biform for example, the independent transmitance of each form group should be used for the self-consistent calculating of transmitance of the composite materials of following detailed description.In this example, tackle surface area and volume ratio that each form batch total is calculated its counter weight, as above-mentioned.Generally at least 6 to 8 variable grain degree components are used to estimate the distribution of particle sizes of superabsorbent agent.
It is complicated to absorb behind the liquid nearly step of expansion of superabsorbent agent, makes the distribution of superabsorbent agent enter the process of the mensuration of complex transmitance.Specifically, the surface area of granularity and superabsorbent agent and volume ratio will depend on the degree of saturation of superabsorbent agent.For a particulate surface area of the expansible superabsorbent of isotropism and volume ratio, as the function of its content liquid, its relation is:
Here (SA/V)
WetThe surface area of=wet superabsorbent agent is to the ratio of volume, the cm of unit
-1
The saturation of the superabsorbent agent that S=reaches than superabsorbent agent gram numerical table with liquid gram number
ρ
SAP=dried SAP density, the g/cc of unit
ρ
1=fluid density, the g/cc of unit
(SA/V)
DoThe surface area of=dry SAP is to volume ratio, the cm of unit
-1
The superabsorbent material also can show as fibers form.Have been noted that common fibrous superabsorbent agent is with anisotropic expansion.Concretely, it mainly is radial that fiber volume increases with content liquid, and it is constant relatively that fibre length then keeps.In this case, expansible superabsorbent fiber surface area and volume ratio provide as follows:
Utilize the surface area of above function as the content liquid in the superabsorbent agent and the relation of volume ratio, can calculate the superabsorbent agent surface area and the volume ratio of concrete content liquid.The transmitance equation that provides on be used for can be calculated before the surface area and volume ratio of each superabsorbent agent, and the saturation levels of each superabsorbent agent in each layer should be given definite earlier.The method of the saturation levels of each the superabsorbent agent that is used for estimating being present in absorbent article core has been set forth in following discussion.
Observe, for the first time with the interval of the liquid second time to the stained release of product in, liquid is all drawn by the superabsorbent agent in the system basically.But also observe, relative quantity and its Liquid Absorption rate of each material depended in the distribution of liquid in the superabsorbent material that discharges during for the first time stained, for liquid load such as above-mentioned specific (0.6g/cm
2) saturation S
j, show with the gram number of liquid in each superabsorbent agent gram numerical table than superabsorbent agent, can be calculated as follows:
Bw
jThe basic weight of=the j superabsorbent agent, unit: g/m
2
f
PjThe partition coefficient of=the j superabsorbent agent liquid.
Liquid partition coefficient f
PjTo be calculated based on the relative speed of various superabsorbent agent parts and the amount of various superabsorbent agent parts.
Here bw
jThe basic weight of=the j superabsorbent agent, unit: g/m
2f
Rj=the j superabsorbent agent relative speed coefficient.The relative speed coefficient f of each superabsorbent agent
RjProvide as follows:
Here: τ
j=no-load described herein absorbs in (FAUZL) test, required time when the agent of j superabsorbent reaches its balancing capacity of 60%.
This method is described for example, imagines a example with two-layer hygroscopic agent and following ingredient:
Floor district 1: superabsorbent agent 1 type, 400 microns counter weight granularities, 120gsm (gram/square metre),
τ
1=5 minutes,
Wood pulp fluff 120gsm, 8 μ m * 40 μ m fiber cross sections,
Thickness=0.55cm in the mensuration of following appointment saturation levels.
Floor district 2: superabsorbent agent 2 types, 400 microns counter weight granularities, 150gsm (gram/square metre),
τ
2=10 minutes,
Wood pulp fluff 300gsm, 8 μ m * 40 μ m fiber cross sections,
Thickness=the 0.51cm that under following appointment saturation levels, measures.
For the superabsorbent agent in these layers,
With
So
More than calculating is suitable for, at specified load 0.6g/cm
2Be no more than the situation of whole balance FAUZL superabsorbent agent capacity down.If the capacity of concrete superabsorbent agent material has exceeded these boundaries, just the saturation with it is set at equilibrium valve and supposes that superfluous liquid is with consistent with the mode of being set forth here, resides in other the superabsorbent agent.
Based on the amount of the liquid that is arranged in superabsorbent agent granule, can calculate the surface area of expanded granular in every layer or fiber and volume ratio and use the surface area that is fit to of expanded granular and/or fiber and the equation of volume ratio.The transmitance equation that is used for spheroid can be applicable to the particulate superabsorbent humectant, can be applicable to the agent of fiber superabsorbent and be used for cylindrical transmitance equation.
In this object lesson, the superabsorbent agent is a particle form, so comprise 0.6g/cm at absorbent article core
2Their surface area and volume ratio are as follows during liquid:
Floor district 1: superabsorbent agent:
Floor district 2: superabsorbent agent:
The two-layer wood pulp fluff parts that all use:
Can set up the transmitance that a suitable equation determines to constitute in each composite layer district each parts of absorbent article core by being used for the particulate transmitance expression formula of a pile fiber or a pile above using now.But, only effective when whole porous media only contains single dispersive fiber or granule for the above-mentioned expression formula of a pile fiber and/or particulate transmitance.Specifying when existing simultaneously in the porous medium when fiber and granule, above expression formula will merge.The method that is used to merge these two expression formulas according to A.L.Berdichevsky and Z.Cai. in " prediction of the performing member transmitance of self-compatibility method and finite element modelling ", polymer complex, 14 (2), given compatible method in (1993).
In this explanation, the basic premise after the self-compatibility method is that transmitance is uniform substantially in whole porous medium.Therefore, determine to equate to guarantee their local transmitances corresponding to fiber and particulate Local Porous value.Such constraint is obeyed in above calculating, makes the overall porous (ε of structure
Comp) remaining on specified value, this value is as described above to be determined by sample area and the thickness measured.The simplest complex is formed and is comprised two parts.In this case, the self-compatibility method that requires two transmitance equations to be used for the transmitance of complex is calculated.For above-mentioned this two-layer example, be used for the transmitance equation that self-compatibility complex transmitance is calculated, as follows:
The transmitance equation of floor 1 and floor 2 is: floor district 1:
Here ε
Fiber, ε
SAP1, ε
Fiber 2And ε
SAP2Correspond respectively to layer 1 and layer in 2 fiber and the Local Porous value of superabsorbent agent.The combination of Local Porous must be comply with correct overall porous, and it is obtained by the thickness measurement method of addressing previously, promptly
Here: bwt
Comp=complex basic weight, unit: gram/square metre f
kThe mass fraction f of=complex that provides by the k fiber
jThe mass fraction of=the complex that provided by the agent of j superabsorbent makes
With
ρ
kThe density of=the K fiber
ρ
jThe density of=the j superabsorbent agent
ρ
1=density of liquid
S
jThe saturation levels of=j superabsorbent the agent shown than superabsorbent agent gram numerical table with liquid gram number
H
CompThe thickness of=complex (cm), the liquid load level of complex equals the total liquid load in the complex at this moment, and the load of the total liquid in the complex provides here:
For the two-layer example of giving above, only have a kind of types of fibers and one type of superabsorbent agent in its every layer, in two-layer, the density of fiber component is 1.5g/cc, and the density of superabsorbent parts all is 1.48g/cc in two-layer, and the complex height of superabsorbent agent mass fraction, liquid load and every layer such as top given.Overall porous value is as follows:
Floor district 1:
Floor district 2:
The value of two-layer transmitance after deriving the calculating of self-compatibility method is:
Floor district 1:
K=1.6×10
-6cm
2
Floor district 2:
K=1.1×10
-6cm
2
This simplest two layer example helps to have illustrated complex transmitance calculating principle.But the complex that is used to construct absorbent article core of the present invention may comprise two more than the parts.In these examples, be necessary when floor district being carried out the calculating of self-compatibility complex transmitance, to comprise a transmitance equation for each parts in the given composite layer district.For example, if the composite layer district comprises two kinds of fibers and two kinds of superabsorbent agent, when using the self-compatibility method, need four transmitance equations to be used for the calculating of complex transmitance.
As mentioned above, the complex transmitance in each floor district of the absorbent article core under its fractional saturation state and thickness (highly, h) all determine after, mobile transmission value that now might computing system.As before described,
Transmission value=K flows
1h
1+ K
2h
2+ K
3h
3
So, for the two-layer example that provides above:
Mobile transmission value=(1.6 * 10
-6* 0.55)+(1.1 * 10
-6* 0.51)
=1.4×10
-8cm
3
The calculating of above transmitance and mobile transmission value is with way of example such double-layer structure to be described, its each layer all comprises a kind of being equipped with to the superabsorbent agent of same sex expanded granular and a kind of fiber type, at this moment, the conduction of flowing is calculated and can be extended to other and comprise in the situation more than two layers, the calculating of transmitance K can easily be applicable to more complicated material, and it is according to the elaboration that is here to be done.
The liquid core suction latent energy value
Scope
This test is used for determining the ability of a kind of hygroscopic material from the target area transfer liquid.
General introduction
Based on the liquid distribution calculation, measure the amount of liquid that acts on sample.Allow the liquid in the absorption of sample reservoir and determine that it is by the amount of target area transfer liquid.
Equipment and material
A 21cm * 21cm lucite sheet or a similar material, 5mm is thick or thinner.
Suitable liquid reservoir
The experiment balance
Sample support is used for keeping the moisture absorption samples vertical when sample adds liquid.
In conjunction with folder, be used for sample is fixed in the lucite sheet, for example by IDLCoporation, the medium-sized bonding folder No.10050 that Caristadt, NJ purchase.
Lab oven at is at 150 ℃.
Test material
Test liquid, saline solution: recommend saline solution, normal saline, as classification number 8504 normal saline, purchase Scientific in Stephens, it is the branch of Cornwell Corpoation, at Riverdale, the commercial undertaking that New Jersey maintains an office; Or the material that is equal to substantially.
Sample preparation
From product, take out the sample layer district, perhaps prepare to have and the identical shaped sample that is about to be present in the product.Every layer should be separated and independent test.
With permanent pen target-marking position.Determine that this layer is its destination locations in the absorbent article core, as the target location of the layer of testing.This target location is in the side direction central area, and it extends the total strong point of absorbent article core of the terminal leading edge inboard 36% of absorbed layer farthest forward by the distance absorbent article core.So the extended foremost absorbed layer of absorbent article core is not the floor district that must test.
On sample, mark the target area with permanent ink.When this sample layer is the target area of determining this sample layer of testing in absorbent article core on its destination locations the time.The target area of this specimen layer is the sample layer zone between two horizontal expansion lines.Article one, line is positioned at apart from absorbent article core and extends the total strong point of inboard 24% absorbent article core of moisture absorption layer terminal leading edge farthest forward.The second line is positioned at the total strong point of inboard 59% absorbent article core of the terminal leading edge that extends moisture absorption layer farthest forward apart from absorbent article core.Article two, line is all basic vertical with the longitudinal extension center line of absorbent article core.If these two target area lines all drop on outside the edge of test absorption sample, and test, then the Liquid Absorption value of sample is defined as zero.
Calculate the situation of the transmission value that flows as described previously, calculate the amount of fluid of absorption of sample by using the liquid Distribution Calculation.Yet, determine just estimate every layer in the content of liquid, rather than calculate every layer of SAP saturation.Available for this reason following Equation for Calculating:
Liquid in the layer " j "=(f
Pj) * 1.0 * target area surface area
(for example: for the example of the description that provides definite mobile transmission value; When using surface area to be 100cm
2The target area time, contain in the floor district 1 in 61.6g liquid and the floor district 2 and contain 38.4g liquid.
Number of assembling steps
Sample is placed on the lucite sample fixture, makes the target location be located immediately at the bottom of equipment.
In liquid reservoir, inject liquid to about 1cm apart from the top.
Reservoir is put on the experiment balance.
Testing procedure
The calibration balance.
Sample is suspended on the reservoir so that liquid contact moisture absorption system.The liquid contact must run through overall process.
Use above-mentioned balance as reference, make the moisture absorption composite members absorb the amount of fluid of determining in the previous calculations.When the absorption of sample amount equals liquid Distribution Calculation error ± 5gms, sample is shifted out the imbibition pond.
On vertical position with the interference-free placement of sample 5 minutes.
Core is cut and removed to the sample in target-marking zone, the remainder of weighing.
Remainder is put into drying baker dry night.
Weigh exsiccant sample and deduct weight when wet is with the amount of the liquid determining to move away from the target area.Be used in the amount that is applied to whole liquid of this layer in the wicking experiment and separate the amount of the liquid of removing from the target area (i.e. the amount of measuring with back); And multiply by The above results with 100.The wicking latent energy value in Here it is floor district.
Combination is led-wicking value (C)
The guiding wicking value of combination can draw according to following formula:
Here: the FCV=transmission value that flows, unit is cm
3
The liquid core suction value that LWV=represents with percentage rate and
(3 * 10
6), unit is cm
-3
Improved hygroscopicity (MAUL) under the load
Scope
This test design is used for measuring microgranule superabsorbent polymer (SAP) under the permanent load of 0.3psi (2.07Kpa), absorbs the ability of salt.Clearer and more definite says, the superabsorbent polymer of this thermometrically 0.160 gram is being defined as 5.07cm
2Suck the amount of salt when pressure is 0.3psi (2.07Kpa) in the zone, this polymer can and can not pass through Unite States Standard 50# screen cloth by Unite States Standard 30# screen cloth.Figure 10 to 14 has represented representational suitable experiment test device.
Equipment and material
Electronic balance is accurate to 0.001 gram (minimum range 200 grams)
Air cylinder group: 1 inch of internal diameter (25.4mm), plastics cylinder 120 has 100 purpose stainless steel meshs in its bottom; 4.4g plastic piston dish 122, its diameter are 0.995 inch (25.27mm).The diameter of this piston plate is than the internal diameter little 0.005 inch (0.13mm) of cylinder, with reference to Figure 11.
Diameter is the 100g counterweight 124 of 0.984 inch (25mm).
0.9% (wt/wt) NaCl solution (normal saline).
Salt bath (126).
Can 200 minutes timer of interbody spacer timing in 1 second.
The paper of weighing.
Unite States Standard testing sieve (A.S.T.M.E-11 specification) group comprises: a receptor, a Unite States Standard 30# screen cloth, a Unite States Standard 50# screen cloth and a lid.
Shown in Figure 10 and 12, the tapping device is located on the sample, and so that consistent tapping to be provided on the support piston dish, this tapping mode can be got rid of the air between SAP peripheral clearance, and can guarantee the moistening of liquid on the SAP surface.In this device, the axle that motor 128 rotates an energy drive rod 130 carries out stroke up and down.Shown in Figure 12, the valve rubber 132 that in the bottom of this bar a diameter to be arranged be 13mm.This stroke was 3cm, and it finished once total travel from top to bottom every 0.7 second.In punching press, the maximum pressure that piston plate imposes on SAP is 0.16psi (0.11Kpa).With reference to Figure 10, device 134 has a vacuum interface 136, and it allows to extract out the liquid that is present in the sample hole.The substrate of this interface and air cylinder group adapts.Install when the air cylinder group that contains sample is placed on this, the free fluid between the sample microgranule is drained.The vacuum pressure that applies to sample with suitable pump 138 is equal to or less than 100torr (13.3Kpa).
Figure 10 has shown whole test sets.It should be noted that electronic timer 140 preferably can be used to control the persistent period and the vacuum equipment of tapping.In this device, the tapping device also will be placed permission on the slideway 142 that moves between many samples.
Program
1. use Unite States Standard test screening group, sifting out is enough to provide minimum 0.160 gram can not pass through the superabsorbent agent of 50# eye mesh screen by the 30# eye mesh screen.
2. will be weighed up 0.160 gram (± 0.001 gram) by the superabsorbent agent that step 1 is sifted out is placed on the paper of weighing that weighs up in advance.
3. slowly the superabsorbent agent is poured in the cylinder with 100 orders bottom,,, beat cylinder gently up to well-balanced being distributed on the screen cloth of granule so should avoid allowing SAP touch cylinder wall because of fine particle can be attached on the cylinder wall.
4. plastic piston is put into cylinder, the air cylinder group of weighing, and be recorded as " air cylinder group superabsorbent agent total amount ".
5. in salt bath, inject the high normal saline of 1cm.
6. air cylinder group is moved into salt bath, directly place the axle below of tapping device and pick up counting.Begin to operate the tapping device, carry out 8 seconds tapping.
7. as shown in figure 11, during in tapping in 8 seconds last 5 seconds, on the top of air cylinder group piston, place the counterweights of 100 grams.
8. as shown in figure 13, when cylinder moved into salt bath after 200 minutes, shift out air cylinder group and weigh, air cylinder group and 100 gram counterweights are put on the vacuum platform evacuation 6 seconds.
9. from air cylinder group, remove 100 gram counterweights, air cylinder group is weighed, and record weight.
Result and analysis
To each test, calculate the gram number of the salt of every gram SAP absorption, the MAUL value of superabsorbent agent that Here it is.
The hygroscopicity (FAUZL) of big quantity of fluid under zero load
Scope
This experimental design is used for measuring the salt absorbance of particulate superabsorbent wet polymer (SAP).This thermometrically promptly under 0.01psi (0.069Kpa) bioassay standard pressure, is limited to 5.07cm as a time function
2In the zone, the absorption total amount of the superabsorbent polymer salt of 0.160 gram.By the ratio of final absorption, determine the special time (Tau) that the balance Moisture absorption capacity reaches at 60% o'clock with time data.
Equipment and material
Electronic balance is accurate to 0.001 gram (minimum range 200 grams)
Air cylinder group: 1 inch of internal diameter (25.4mm), plastics cylinder 120 is attached with 100 purpose stainless steel meshs in its bottom; 4.4 gram plastic piston dish 122, its diameter is 0.995 inch (25.27mm).The diameter of this piston plate is than the internal diameter little 0.005 inch (0.13mm) of cylinder, with reference to Figure 11.
0.9% (wt/wt) NaCl solution (normal saline).
Salt bath.
Can 120 minutes timer of interbody spacer timing in 1 second.
The paper of weighing.
Shown in Figure 10 and 12, the tapping device is in and is placed on the sample, and so that consistent tapping to be provided on the support piston dish, this tapping mode can be got rid of the air between SAP peripheral clearance, and can guarantee the moistening of liquid on the SAP surface.In this device, the axle that motor 128 rotates an energy drive rod 130 carries out stroke up and down.As shown in figure 12, a diameter being arranged in the bottom of this bar is 13mm valve rubber 132.This stroke was 3cm, and it finished once total travel from top to bottom every 0.7 second.In punching press, the maximum pressure that piston plate imposes on SAP is 0.16psi (0.11Kpa).With reference to Figure 10, device 134 has a vacuum interface 136, and it allows to extract out the liquid that is present in the sample hole.The substrate of this interface and air cylinder group adapts.Install when the air cylinder group that contains sample is placed on this, the free fluid between sample particle is taken away.The vacuum pressure that provides to sample with suitable pump 138 is equal to or less than 100torr (13.3Kpa).
Figure 10 has shown whole test sets.It should be noted that electronic timer 140 preferably can control the persistent period and the vacuum equipment of tapping.In this device, the tapping device also will be placed on the slideway 142 that many sample rooms move.
Program
1. the superabsorbent agent that weighs up 0.160 gram (± 0.001 gram) is placed on the paper of weighing that weighs up in advance.The distribution of granular size is " pressing sample calculates " particle size distribution.
2. slowly the superabsorbent agent is poured in the cylinder with 100 orders bottom,,, beat cylinder gently up to well-balanced being distributed on the screen cloth of granule so should avoid allowing SAP touch cylinder wall because of fine particle can be attached on the cylinder wall.
3. plastic piston is put into cylinder, the weight of weighing air cylinder group also is recorded as " air cylinder group superabsorbent agent total amount ".
4. in salt bath, inject the high normal saline of 1cm.
5. air cylinder group is moved into salt bath, directly be put into the axle below of tapping device and pick up counting.Begin to operate the tapping device, carry out 8 seconds tapping.
6. put into salt bath after 5 minutes at cylinder, as shown in figure 14, take out cylinder, stop timing and cylinder is placed on the vacuum platform evacuation 6 seconds.
7. the air cylinder group of weighing and record.
8. air cylinder group is put back into the salt bath of tapping device below, and picks up counting again.It should be noted that in step 6 air cylinder group shifted out salt bath air cylinder group is put into once more in the step 8 blanking time of salt bath should be above 30 seconds.In cumulative soak time is in 1,5,10,15,30,45,60,75,90 and 120 minute, repeats to soak into, shifts out, evacuation, weighs and collection and record data by the beginning sequence of steps.
9. this process of the repetition of 1-8 3 times set by step.
Result and analysis
Calculate the suction gram number of every gram superabsorbent agent polymer, and draw out as accumulation soak time function to salt.
Determine the final moisture absorption capacity of SAP: if in the time of 90 and 120 minutes, the average size of SAP (three times experiment meansigma methodss) has the variation less than 5%, then uses capacity in the time of 120 minutes as balancing capacity, FAUZL.If average size is greater than 5% variation, then sample detection need repeat, and need comprise that increasing 200 minutes of sampling soaks accumulated time.As latter event, should use capacity in the time of 200 minutes as balancing capacity, FAUZL.Determine that the balance Moisture absorption capacity reaches for 60% insertion time (Tau).This can be undertaken by the capacity that calculates this equilibrium valve 60%, assesses out the corresponding time of this capacity of arrival from chart.Insert by the data point that is in either side estimated time being carried out linearity, can try to achieve this capacity and reach 60% o'clock insertion time.
Calculated equilibrium capacity (three empirical average values) reaches the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of the time of inserting at 60% o'clock, " Tau " that this meansigma methods is indication (τ).
Liquid and fabric contact angle
In U.S. Patent No. 5,364, the appropriate technology of measuring liquid and fabric contact angle has been described in 382, its whole contents is incorporated herein by reference in the mode of unanimity therewith.Specifically, the contact angle on the wettability usable fibers of fiber is measured and is described.Retest, the distilled water contact angle determination of single fiber can be carried out with Cahn surface force analyser (SFA222) and WET-TEK data analysis software.SFA222 can be from Cahn Instruments, Inc., and ofCerritos, Calif. buys, and WET-TEK software can be from BiomaterialsInternational, Inc., of Salt Lake City, Utah buys.Fiber detects by three circulations and measures, and the distillation water-bath changes between first and second circulations.The liquid contact angle of fiber is got the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of measuring for three times and is determined.The described standard operation technology of Cahn SFA-222 systematic direction handbook that the operation of test instrunment provides according to manufacturer.
Example
Example given below provides more detailed description of the present invention, and is not to be used for limiting the scope of the invention.In each example, should be noted that the first basic floor district part 48 alternately refers to be top layer or upper strata, the second basic floor district part 50 alternately refers to be bottom or lower floor.
Example 1
The basic weight of body-side layers is 500gsm, and it comprises the agent of 50%53C superabsorbent, a kind of superabsorbent agent of being bought by DowChemical and the paper pulp of 50%HPF2 organizine optical processing, a kind of material of being bought by Buckeye Corp.The τZhi of Dow 53C superabsorbent agent is 8.5 minutes; The ability of FAULZ is 33g/g; And the 0.3psiMAUL value is 26.2g/g.Shown in Fig. 3 and 3A, body-side layers is extended on the zone in 48 floor district and 0.2g/cc is arrived in density.
The basic weight of the outside layer in the zone that is covered by body-side layers 48 is 200gsm, and the basic weight of its remaining area is 500gsm, and this total zone covers whole pulvilliform district (zone in floor district 50).This material comprises the agent of 25%SXM880 superabsorbent, and a kind of superabsorbent agent and 75%CR-1654 fluff pulp available from Stockhausen are available from being positioned at Coosa Pines, the company of Al, Alliance Forest Products.The τZhi of SXM 880 superabsorbent agent is 4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 38g/g; 0.3psi the MAUL value is 29.8g/g.As shown in Figure 3, outside layer is gone up extension and density to 0.2g/cc in the whole zone (zone in floor district 50) of moisture absorption system.
The mobile transmission value of this example is 3.24 * 10
-6Cm
3The liquid core suction value is 38.3%.
At this example, one deck in two-layer or can make it stable by cross-linking agent such as Kymene all.
Example 2
The basic weight of body-side layers is 336gsm, and it is to comprise the agent of 75%53C superabsorbent, a kind of paper pulp of superabsorbent agent and the optical processing of 25%HPF2 organizine available from Dow Chemical, a kind of material available from Buckeye Corp.The τZhi of Dow 53C superabsorbent agent is 8.5 minutes; The ability of FAULZ is 33g/g; And the 0.3psiMAUL value is 26.2g/g.Shown in Fig. 3 and 3A, body-side layers is extended on the zone in 48 floor district and 0.2g/cc is arrived in density.
The basic weight of the outside layer in the zone that is covered by body-side layers 48 is 300gsm, and the basic weight of its remaining areas is 342gsm, and this zone covers whole pulvilliform district (zone of floor 50).This material is to comprise the agent of 20%SXM880 superabsorbent, a kind of superabsorbent agent and 80%CR-1654 fluff pulp available from Stockhausen are available from being positioned at Coosa Pines, the company of Al, the τZhi of-Alliance Forest Products.SXM 880 superabsorbent agent is 4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 388/g; 0.3psiMAUL value is 29.8g/g.As shown in Figure 3, outside layer is gone up extension and density to 0.2g/cc in the whole zone (zone in floor district 50) of moisture absorption system.
The mobile transmission value of this example is 4.13 * 10
-6Cm
3The liquid core suction value is 31.6%.
Example 3
The basic weight of body-side layers is 502gsm, and it comprises the agent of 60%53C superabsorbent, a kind of paper pulp of superabsorbent agent and the optical processing of 40%HPF2 organizine available from Dow Chemical, a kind of material available from Buckeye Corp.The τZhi of Dow 53C superabsorbent agent is 8.5 minutes; The ability of FAULZ is 33g/g; And the 0.3psiMAUL value is 26.2g/g.Shown in Fig. 3 and 3A, body-side layers is extended on the zone in 48 floor district and 0.2g/cc is arrived in density.
The basic weight of the outside layer in the zone that is covered by body-side layers 48 is 200gsm, and the basic weight of its remaining area is 435gsm, and this zone covers whole pulvilliform district (zone in floor district 50).This material is by the agent of 25%SXM880 superabsorbent, and a kind of superabsorbent agent and 75%CR-1654 fluff pulp available from Stockhausen are available from being positioned at Coosa Pines, the company of Al, Alliance Forest Products.The τZhi of SXM 880 superabsorbent agent is 4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 38g/g; 0.3psiMAUL value is 29.8g/g.As shown in Figure 3, outside layer is gone up extension and density to 0.2g/cc in the whole zone (zone in floor district 50) of moisture absorption system.
The mobile transmission value of this example is 4.99 * 10
-6Cm
3The liquid core suction value is 31.0%.
Above-mentioned data may be summarized as follows:
| The example sequence number | Transmission value (* 10 flows -6cm 3) | Liquid core suction value (%) | Conduction-wicking the value (* 10 of combination -6cm 3) |
| ?1 | ?3.24 | ?38.3 | ?16.0 |
| ?2 | ?4.13 | ?31.6 | ?14.7 |
| ?3 | ?4.99 | ?31.0 | ?15.3 |
Some traditional absorbent structures are to decide by improving the demand that distributes, and some other traditional structure is decided by the demand that improves suction volume.Yet, those traditional structures, the liquid that not being configured to various layout of the present invention and each side can provide sucks and the good combination that distributes.Below preparation as the example 4 of usefulness relatively to example 8.
| The example sequence number | Upper strata SAP layer SAP BW | Upper strata fine hair type fine hair BM | The SAP of lower floor type SAP BM | Undercoat type fine hair BM |
| Example 4 A | ????S×M?880 ????215?gsm | ????CR-1654 ????400gsm | ????S×M?880 ????78gsm | ?CR-1654 ?232gsm |
| Example 5 B | 20/30?S×M?870 ????269?gsm | ????CCLC ????292gsm | ?60/100?S×M?870 ????529gsm | ??CCLC ?294gsm |
| Example 6 a | ????S×M?870 ????159gsm | ????CCLC ????295gsm | ?60/100?S×M?870 ????319gsm | ??CCLC ?295gsm |
| Example 7 b | 20/30?S×M?870 ????99?gsm | ????CCLC ????281gsm | ?60/100?S×M?870 ????239gsm | ??CCLC ?281gsm |
| Example 8 c | ????N/A | ????CCLC ????300gsm | ????S×M?880 ????250gsm | ?CR-1654 ?250gsm |
AIt is believed that example 4 is to authorize people's such as Faulks USP5, the typical structure of being told about in 356,403.In example 4, the density on upper strata is 0.2g/cc, and the density of lower floor is 0.3g/cc.
BIt is believed that example 5 is the typical structures described in people's such as Plischke EP 0 631 768 A1 to example 7, in these examples, two-layer density all is 0.2g/cc, and two-layer extending on the Zone Full of the described compound pulvilliform of EP 0 631 768 A1.
CIt is believed that example 8 is to authorize people's such as Cook USP5, the typical structure described in 360,420, the density of top layer is 0.07g/cc, and the density of bottom is 0.25g/cc, and this two-layer shape is all by USP 5,360, and 420 describe out.
CCLC is USP 4,898, the chemical crosslinking cellulose of describing in 642, and for example: SXM870 and SXM880 are the superabsorbent agent of being produced with trade name FAVOR SX by Stockhausen.Point out that here the superabsorbent agent screens the listed granular size of representing with order; As 20/30 order (600 to 850 μ m); 60/100 order (150 to 250 μ m).
The τZhi of SXM880 superabsorbent agent is 4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 38g/g; And the 0.3psiMAUL value is 29.8g/g.
The τZhi of SXM870 superabsorbent agent is 4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 32.5g/g; And 0.3psi MAUL value is 27g/g.
The τZhi of " 20/30 SXM870 " superabsorbent agent is 6.4 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 34g/g; And 0.3psi MAUL value is 28.8g/g.
The τZhi of " 60/100 SXM870 " superabsorbent agent is 3.3 minutes; The FAULZ ability is 27.5g/g; And 0.3psi MAUL value is 25.3g/g.
Following table is illustrated the characteristics described in the routine 4-8
| Example | Fluid transmission value (x10 -4cm 3) | Liquid core suction value (%) | The conduction wicking value (x10 of combination -4cm 3) |
| ?4 | ?2.9 | ?31.7 | ?13.5 |
| ?5 | ?6.75 | ?13.3 | ?11.2 |
| ?6 | ?6.75 | ?13.4 | ?11.2 |
| ?7 | ?6.68 | ?20.8 | ?13.6 |
| ?8 | ?1.4 | ?35.2 | ?13.1 |
As being seen, the structure in these examples all can not provide structure of the present invention can give the characteristics of complex.
Because the present invention has been carried out so in detail and comprehensively describing, and clearly, various changes and modifications all can be carried out under the situation that does not deviate from purport of the present invention.All this classes change and revise all should be thought and belong to scope of the present invention
Claims (24)
1. absorbent product, it comprises:
Back sheet;
The top flat layer of saturating basically liquid;
One moisture absorption composite construction, it is interposed between above-mentioned back sheet and the top flat layer, and the absorbent article core that above-mentioned moisture absorption composite construction comprises has the first basic floor district and at least one second basic floor district;
The above-mentioned second basic floor district has the uneven basic weight of selection area, and has the liquid core suction value of one deck at least at least about 36% in the above-mentioned first and second basic floor district.
2. goods described in claim 1, wherein, the thickness when above-mentioned green sand core is dry is no more than about 6mm, and the width of the narrowest crotch portion is no more than about 10cm.
3. goods described in claim 1, wherein, said products is configured to for the adult and uses, and the thickness when wherein above-mentioned absorbent article core is dry is no more than about 6mm, and the width of the narrowest crotch portion is no more than about 14cm.
4. goods described in claim 1, wherein, the combination conduction-wicking value of above-mentioned absorbent article core is at least about 14 * 10
-6Cm
3
5. goods described in claim 4, wherein, the dry thickness of above-mentioned absorbent article core is no more than about 6mm, and the width of the narrowest crotch portion is no more than about 10cm.
6. goods described in claim 1, wherein, the above-mentioned first basic floor district is positioned at the side of moisture absorption composite members, and the above-mentioned second basic floor district is positioned at the outside with respect to the ground floor district.
7. goods described in claim 1, wherein, the hydroscopicity value that has at least one deck to contain in the above-mentioned basic floor district to revise under load is at least about the superabsorbent material of 20g/g.
8. the absorbent product described in claim 1, wherein, the superabsorbent material that the one deck in the above-mentioned basic floor district contains, the Tau value that this material had is not less than about 0.8 minute.
9. absorbent product, the absorbent article core that it comprises have the first basic floor district and at least one second basic floor district, wherein,
Above-mentioned absorbent article core has longitudinal length, transverse width and specified edge foremost;
The basic weight in the above-mentioned first basic floor district is no less than about 100g/m
2, and be not higher than about 700g/m
2
The above-mentioned first basic floor district density be not less than about 0.03g/cm
3, and be not higher than 0.4g/cm
3
The content of the fibrous material that the above-mentioned first basic floor district has is not less than about 25wt%, and is not higher than about 80wt%;
The fiber size of the fiber of above-mentioned fibrous material is not less than about 4 μ m, and is not more than about 20 μ m;
The superabsorbent material that the above-mentioned first basic floor district has, its content is not less than about 25wt%, and is not higher than about 80wt%;
The superabsorbent granule that above-mentioned superabsorbent material has, its granularity are not less than about 110 μ m and are not more than about 1000 μ m;
The MAUL value of above-mentioned superabsorbent material is not less than about 20g/g; And
The Tau value of above-mentioned superabsorbent material was not less than 0.8 minute.
10. goods described in claim 9, wherein, the above-mentioned first basic floor district basically with the lateral edges adjacency in the above-mentioned second basic floor district; Be included in the district band with the above-mentioned first basic floor district, this district begins with the horizontal expansion line that inwardly is positioned at the total length of about 7% absorbent article core in the edge foremost from above-mentioned absorbent article core, and extends the horizontal expansion line that inwardly is positioned at the total length of about 62% absorbent article core from the above-mentioned edge foremost of absorbent article core.
11. the goods described in claim 10, wherein, the above-mentioned first basic floor district includes jointing material.
12. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, the above-mentioned first basic floor district includes a lot of sublayers.
13. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, the longitudinal extent in the longitudinal extent more above-mentioned first basic floor district in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is big; And the lateral extent in the above-mentioned second basic floor district and the above-mentioned first basic floor district lateral extent are approaching substantially.
14. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, it is big that the longitudinal extent in the longitudinal extent more above-mentioned first basic floor district in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is wanted; The lateral extent in the lateral extent more above-mentioned first basic floor district in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is little; And the lateral extent of at least a portion in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is not less than about 30% lateral extent of the corresponding adjacent part in the above-mentioned first basic floor district.
15. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, it is big that the longitudinal extent in the longitudinal extent more above-mentioned first basic floor district in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is wanted;
It is big that the lateral extent in the lateral extent more above-mentioned first basic floor district in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is wanted;
The lateral extent of at least a portion in the above-mentioned first basic floor district is not less than about 30% scope of the horizontal corresponding adjacent part in the above-mentioned second basic floor district.
16. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, the basic weight of the non-target part in the basic weight more above-mentioned second basic floor district of the target area in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is low.
17. the goods described in claim 9, wherein, the basic weight of the target area in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is not less than about 100g/m
2, and be no more than about 250g/m
2, and
The nontarget area basic weight in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is not less than about 450g/m
2, and be not higher than approximately
550g/m
2。
18. the goods described in claim 17, wherein
The density in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is not less than about 0.1g/cm
3, and be no more than about 0.3g/cm
3
The content of the fibrous material that the above-mentioned second basic floor district had is not less than about 50wt%, and is not higher than about 95wt%;
The diameter of fiber is not less than about 4 μ m in the above-mentioned fibrous material, and is not more than about 20 μ m,
The water contact angle that fiber had in the above-mentioned fibrous material is no more than about 70 degree;
The content of the superabsorbent material that the above-mentioned second basic floor district had is not less than about 5wt%, and is not higher than about 50wt%; And
The size of superabsorbent granule when drying that is comprised in the above-mentioned superabsorbent material is not less than about 110 μ m, and is not higher than about 1000 μ m.
19. the goods described in claim 18, wherein, the MAUL value of the above-mentioned superabsorbent material in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is not less than about 20g/g, and the Tau value is no less than about 0.4 minute.
20. the goods described in claim 19, wherein, the above-mentioned superabsorbent material in the above-mentioned second basic floor district is configured as the one deck that is laminated between the tissue layer.
21. the goods described in claim 20, wherein, said products also comprises back sheet and permeable substantially top flat layer, they be folded in therebetween in the absorbent article core configuration together.
22. the goods described in claim 21, wherein, the mobile transmission value of above-mentioned absorbent article core is at least about 7 * 10
-6Cm
3, and the liquid core suction value in one of the above-mentioned at least first and second basic floor district is at least about 16%.
23. the goods described in claim 22 wherein, have the liquid core suction value of one deck at least at least about 36% in the above-mentioned first and second basic floor district.
24. the goods described in claim 22 wherein, include jointing material in the above-mentioned second basic floor district.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6145297P | 1997-10-08 | 1997-10-08 | |
| US60/061452 | 1997-10-08 | ||
| US6217497P | 1997-10-16 | 1997-10-16 | |
| US60/062174 | 1997-10-16 | ||
| US9728598A | 1998-06-12 | 1998-06-12 | |
| US09/097285 | 1998-06-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1281349A true CN1281349A (en) | 2001-01-24 |
Family
ID=27370058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98811930.7A Pending CN1281349A (en) | 1997-10-08 | 1998-10-08 | Layered absorbent structure with zoned basis weight |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1021152A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001518418A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010015720A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1281349A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR017304A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU727742B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9815243A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2303872A1 (en) |
| CO (1) | CO5090901A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU222837B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL134971A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX218044B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ503803A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL339777A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK4692000A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200000909T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999017694A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106264891A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-04 | 佛山市豪利家卫生用品有限公司 | A kind of diaper compound core body absorbing structure |
| CN107787212A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-03-09 | 宝洁公司 | The series of adult's disposable absorbent article and the product including improved capacitance features figure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO5070597A1 (en) * | 1997-10-08 | 2001-08-28 | Kimberly Clark Co | ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH ABSORBED LAMINATED STRUCTURE WITH RAMIFIED BASE WEIGHT AND COAT REGION |
| JP4688103B2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2011-05-25 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | Absorbent articles |
| US8702671B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-04-22 | Dsg Technology Holdings Ltd. | Disposable absorbent article with profiled absorbent core |
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| US3901236A (en) | 1974-07-29 | 1975-08-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Disposable absorbent articles containing hydrogel composites having improved fluid absorption efficiencies and processes for preparation |
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| US4699823A (en) | 1985-08-21 | 1987-10-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Non-layered absorbent insert having Z-directional superabsorbent concentration gradient |
| CA1314696C (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1993-03-23 | Charles John Berg | Absorbent members having low density and basis weight acquisition zones |
| SE508399C2 (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1998-10-05 | Sca Hygiene Prod Ab | Absorption body in an absorbent article |
| US5399219A (en) | 1994-02-23 | 1995-03-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for making a fastening system for a dynamic fitting diaper |
| US5540796A (en) | 1994-08-03 | 1996-07-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Process for assembling elasticized ear portions |
| US5849000A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1998-12-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent structure having improved liquid permeability |
| US5595618A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1997-01-21 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Assembly process for a laminated tape |
| US5562645A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-10-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Article with soft absorbent pulp sheet |
| US5843059A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-12-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent composite and disposable absorbent garment comprising same |
| US6152904A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 2000-11-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with controllable fill patterns |
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-
1998
- 1998-10-05 CO CO98057594A patent/CO5090901A1/en unknown
- 1998-10-07 AR ARP980105008A patent/AR017304A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-08 IL IL13497198A patent/IL134971A0/en unknown
- 1998-10-08 PL PL98339777A patent/PL339777A1/en unknown
- 1998-10-08 TR TR2000/00909T patent/TR200000909T2/en unknown
- 1998-10-08 WO PCT/US1998/021267 patent/WO1999017694A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-08 CN CN98811930.7A patent/CN1281349A/en active Pending
- 1998-10-08 HU HU0003923A patent/HU222837B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-08 AU AU11864/99A patent/AU727742B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-08 EP EP98954942A patent/EP1021152A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-08 JP JP2000514592A patent/JP2001518418A/en active Pending
- 1998-10-08 KR KR1020007003814A patent/KR20010015720A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-08 CA CA002303872A patent/CA2303872A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-08 NZ NZ503803A patent/NZ503803A/en unknown
- 1998-10-08 BR BR9815243-2A patent/BR9815243A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-08 SK SK469-2000A patent/SK4692000A3/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-03-30 MX MXPA00003174 patent/MX218044B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107787212A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-03-09 | 宝洁公司 | The series of adult's disposable absorbent article and the product including improved capacitance features figure |
| CN107787212B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2020-11-24 | 宝洁公司 | Adult disposable absorbent articles comprising improved capacity profile and array of said articles |
| CN106264891A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-04 | 佛山市豪利家卫生用品有限公司 | A kind of diaper compound core body absorbing structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SK4692000A3 (en) | 2000-11-07 |
| NZ503803A (en) | 2001-09-28 |
| MX218044B (en) | 2003-12-10 |
| EP1021152A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
| TR200000909T2 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
| WO1999017694A1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| HUP0003923A2 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
| CA2303872A1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| KR20010015720A (en) | 2001-02-26 |
| IL134971A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
| AU727742B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| AR017304A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
| JP2001518418A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| MXPA00003174A (en) | 2001-01-01 |
| CO5090901A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
| PL339777A1 (en) | 2001-01-02 |
| HUP0003923A3 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| HU222837B1 (en) | 2003-12-29 |
| BR9815243A (en) | 2002-10-15 |
| AU1186499A (en) | 1999-04-27 |
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