CN1238867A - 陆上广播信号再利用卫星广播频谱的装置和方法 - Google Patents

陆上广播信号再利用卫星广播频谱的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1238867A
CN1238867A CN97180023A CN97180023A CN1238867A CN 1238867 A CN1238867 A CN 1238867A CN 97180023 A CN97180023 A CN 97180023A CN 97180023 A CN97180023 A CN 97180023A CN 1238867 A CN1238867 A CN 1238867A
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C·他因
S·他因
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BROADBAND INVESTMENTS Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
    • H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
    • H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
    • H04H40/90—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18523—Satellite systems for providing broadcast service to terrestrial stations, i.e. broadcast satellite service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18563—Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/20—Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

Abstract

位于用户位置(14)上的第一天线(16)以第一频率接收信号，这里，信号仅在按第一天线(16)的中心线(28)测量的第一定向接收范围内传播。使第一天线(16)的中心线(28)对准，接收地球同步轨道中卫星所发射的直接广播卫星信号。位于用户位置(14)上的第二天线(18)以第一频率接收信号，这里，信号仅在按第二天线(18)的中心线(30)测量的第二定向接收范围内传播。使第二天线(18)对准，接收远离用户位置的陆上发射位置以第一频率所发射的信号。陆上发射机以第一频率发射信号并定向在偏离陆上发射位置的陆上方位角范围内。陆上发射机位置相对于用户位置是这样定位的，即陆上发射机(20)仅在第一天线(16)的定向接收范围之外的方向上发射。卫星12相对于用户位置(14)的定位是这样的，即卫星在第二天线(18)的定向接收范围之外的方向上定向发射。

Description

陆上广播信号再利用卫星广播频谱的装置和方法
                          发明背景
本发明涉及播放和接收包括电视信号和语音信号在内的数据的装置和方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及为在共用频率上同时提供陆上发射与直接广播卫星发射的装置和方法。
目前，从地球同步轨道的卫星可以接收电视信号。电视信号可以从陆上发射机发射到卫星，然后从卫星上再发射，从而使在卫星视线内的一定地理接收区域中的陆上接收机能够接收到信号。除了电视信号外，其它类型的数据也可以通过地球同步轨道中的卫星发射给用户。
直接广播卫星服务(DBS)指直接供拥有特定合适信号接收设备的各个家庭或用户使用的电视信号的卫星传输。美国联邦电信委员会已经将12.2GHz至12.7GHz的电磁频谱专供DBS广播使用。16个信号载波位于DBS频谱内，每个载波载有几条电视频道。根据用于这些信号的压缩技术，毫不夸张地说，通过DBS可以提供数百个单独频率。与现有的卫星系统相反，DBS系统的最大得益在于，仅需要小型抛物面型天线接收DBS信号，接收天线的对准不是很关键的。此外，DBS系统将在卫星的地理接收区域中的任何一点上提供高质量的接收，无需花费诸如电缆电视所需的这种陆上传输线。
目前的规定要求DBS卫星在地球同步弧线上相互分开至少9度。因此，DBS信号的接收天线必须限于在从天线中心测量的正负9度的定向范围接收信号。在比卫星间隔更宽的范围内接收信号将会引起不同卫星在相同频率上发射的信号的干扰。
第5,483,663号美国专利是指具有这样一种接收机排列的系统，其中DBS和陆上信号是从相似频带内接收的。第5,483,663号美国专利中所表明的系统可以用一种多天线配置或者用一个单个可移动的天线来实现。在多天线配置中，两个单独的天线将接收信号传送到一个共用传播路径进行处理，好象它们是由单个天线接收的和从单个位置发射的。在单个天线配置中，天线在接收DBS信号的位置与接收陆上信号的另一位置之间是可移动的。
第5,483,663号美国专利所述系统的优点在于，本地始发信号，无论是电视信号还是其它数据，都可以与DBS信号同时接收，和用于对DBS信号进行处理的相同设备进行处理。本地始发信号可以载有本地节目，它可以与本国或本地区的DBS节目一起接收。
然而，在第5,483,663号美国专利中所述的系统中，由于接收信号是在不同地点上在相同天线结构上及时组合或接收的，因此，不能在共用频率上同时接收陆上和DBS信号。
尽管DBS有其优点，第5,483,663号美国专利所述的系统有其优点，但是，DBS系统占用了一部分电磁频谱，否则这部分频谱可供陆上信号发射使用。
发明概要
本发明的目的是提供以相同频率同时提供陆上发射信号和卫星发射信号。本发明包括一种以共用频率同时提供陆上和卫星信号的装置和方法。
利用具有有限定向接收范围的接收天线和在不同于卫星信号发射方向的方向上发射陆上信号可实现本发明的目的。本发明需要两个单独的接收天线，馈送给两组解码和解调处理系统，以利用接收信号。两个接收天线都适合于接收仅在特定定向范围内的信号。该范围是从特定天线的中心线测量的。
为了保证卫星与陆上发射的信号之间不干扰，在由单颗卫星或是多颗卫星发射卫星信号的方位角范围之外的陆上方位角范围内定向发射陆上信号。陆上发射方位角范围是这样选择的，即它不包括卫星信号接收天线必须指向从任何卫星接收信号的任何方向。为了覆盖较大的本地接收的区域，将多个陆上发射机分散在定向发射区相重叠的区域上，以保证在所需服务区内的每个位置上可以清楚地接收到陆上信号。
从以下对较佳实施例的描述，并结合考虑附图，本发明的这些及其它的目的、优点和特征将是很清楚的。
附图简述
图1是表明多个卫星相对于单个陆上发射机和接收机或用户位置的位置关系的示意图。
图2是在公用频率上接收卫星和陆上发射信号的接收天线结构的示意图。
图3是允许在较大地理区域上接收所需的若干个陆上发射机的间隔的示意图。
较佳实施例的描述
图1和2示出本发明的在同一频率上同时提供卫星和陆上发射信号的装置。如图1所示，在地球同步轨道中可以采用具有一个或多个卫星的系统。图1示出偏离用户位置14的四个不同方向上在空间上分开的四颗卫星12a、12b、12c和12d。在地球同步轨道中，每颗卫星相对于地球表面，因此相对于用户14的位置保持固定。第一和第二天线16和18分别位于用户位置14上，下面将参考图2作详细讨论。
这些卫星12a-12d中的每一颗位于关于地球中心的地球同步轨道中，位于地球表面上方的特定经度和纬度上。正如本领域的专业人员所熟知的，接收天线可以以特定的方位角和俯仰角指向所需卫星位置，从特定卫星接收信号。
目前，在北美视线范围内的所有直接广播卫星所定位的经度和纬度要求接收天线以从北美向南的方向面向卫星接收信号。尽管这里为了描述本发明图1示出四颗卫星12a-12d，但是在一定的地理区域的视线范围内可以有更多或更少的在空间上分开的卫星。目前，在北美的视线范围内有八颗卫星。表1列出了每颗卫星的经度位置以及方位角和俯仰角，接收天线必须从德克萨斯的奥斯丁位置指向该方位，接收每颗卫星的信号。所有的方位方向和俯仰方向是相对于天线中心线测量的，下面将针对图2作讨论。术语“方位角”是指相对于诸如正北的参考方向，通常取为0度的方向，“俯仰角”是指天线中心线在水平向上的角度。
                            表1
  卫星经度     方位角     俯仰角
    61.5     124.5     37.3
    101     186.4     54.6
    110     203.3     52.3
    119     217.7     47.8
    148     247.3     25.7
    157     253.3     17.9
    166     258.8     10.1
    175     263.5     2.3
DBS卫星都在同一频带上发射不同信号。美国联邦电信委员会已经给DBS广播留出12.2GHz至12.7GHz电磁波频谱。为了保证两个相邻卫星之间的信号没有干扰，必须满足两个条件。首先，接收天线必须限于仅在天线中心线的一定接收范围内接收信号。其次，卫星必须在地球同步弧线上空间分开，从而可以对接收天线进行定位，使得在天线的定向接收范围内只有一颗卫星在发射。
根据目前的规定，各颗DBS卫星在地球同步弧线上必须分开至少9度。因此，当从天线中心线测量时，每颗DBS接收天线必须具有正或负9度或更小的定向接收范围或孔径。尽管目前的规定要求间隔不小于9度，但是，本发明不限于这一分开角度。然而，根据本发明，每个第一天线或卫星接收天线的有效接收范围必须小于或等于最小卫星间隔角度。
图1还示出陆上发射机20能够以与DBS卫星之一所发射频谱相同的一个或多个频率上进行发射。陆上发射机20在一定发射范围T内定向发射。图1中所示的发射范围T为180度。当然，发射范围可以大于或小于这个数字。
图2以举例的方式示出在图1中位于用户位置14上的本发明的天线结构22。第一天线16设计为接收直接广播卫星信号。第一天线16包括抛物面收集天线24和接收被收集天线反射和集中的信号的号角形馈电器组件26。本领域的专业人员将会明白，号角形馈电器26包括检取天线接收信号的探头，图2中未示出。该探头将信号馈送到从接收信号中提取信息的信号处理设备。这一信号处理设备是众所周知的现有技术，不构成本发明的一个部分。此外，有关专业人员将会明白，可以采用许多种类型的组件替代收集被抛物面天线24反射的信号的号角形馈电器组件26。
第一天线16包括天线中心线28。正如用接收信号的频率所表示的，第一天线16具有从天线中心线28测量的最大定向接收范围dmax。在天线中心线28的这个接收范围或孔径之外方向上传播的信号不能被第一天线16所接收。
仍参考图2，位于用户位置14上的天线结构22进一步包括接收陆上发射信号的单独的第二天线18。第二天线18作为号角形馈电器型天线示出的，然而，熟悉本技术的专业人员将会明白，第二天线可以包括圆形波导管天线、平板天线、缝隙天线、双极天线或多级双极天线。不管天线类型如何，天线将包括一个检取天线所接收信号并将该信号馈送到合适信号处理设备的合适信号检取组件。这一处理设备与处理第一天线16接收信号的处理设备是分开的。此外，尽管图中示出的第二天线18同第一天线16一样接至同一结构，但是，第一和第二天线可以完全分开。在任何情况中，第二天线18较佳地是绕垂直轴旋转的，如图2中B处所示，使天线定向为对陆上发射信号的最佳接收。
与第一天线16一样，第二天线18包括中心线30，可以接收仅在天线中心线30的定向接收范围rmax内传播的信号。在这个接收范围之外的方向上传播的信号不能被第二天线18所接收。
再参考图1，本发明的第一天线16指向于接收来自卫星之一，例如卫星12d的信号。为了从卫星12d最佳地接收信号，必须使第一天线16定向在一定的方位角和俯仰角，例如可以分别是247.3和25.7。第二天线18的中心线30通常指向陆上发射机20的陆上发射位置，基本是是水平的。忽略各个第一与第二天线16与18之间的俯仰角差，两个天线的中心线28与30之间的方位角差在这个例子中约为67.7度。
在图1所示的取向中，第一天线16不能接收来自陆上发射机20的信号。其原因是从陆上发射机20所发射的定向信号全部在第一天线16的接收范围之外的方向上传播。同样，卫星12d相对于用户位置14发射的方向在第二天线18的接收范围之外。因此，第二天线18不能接收卫星12d所发射的信号。此外，在这个例子中，第二天线不能接收卫星12a-12d中任何一颗所发射的任何信号。因此，在如图1所示的第一和第二天线16和18的取向中以及具有卫星12a-12d与陆上发射机20的位置，陆上发射机可以在与卫星发射信号的频率相同的频率上发射，两个天线上所接收的信号没有任何干扰。
熟悉现有技术的人员将会明白，第一天线16的俯仰角相对于水平线可以足够高，以致于第二天线18可以沿与第一天线相同的方位角对准，而由两个天线在相同频率上所接收的信号之间没有任何干扰。然而，在存在许多颗相对于用户位置14具有不同方位角和俯仰角的卫星的地方，第一和第二天线16和18可以被定位在如图1所示的不同的方位角上，以防干扰。
参考图3，需要用多个陆上发射机32提供强度足以在较大区域上被接收的信号。图3中的每个发射机32在约180的方位角范围A和最长有效接收距离R内定向发射。采用这一发射机间隔和发射距离，从地理区域G内的任何位置上可以接收来自陆上发射机的信号。尽管对于举例图中示出了180的方位角范围，但是，在本发明的范围内，陆上发射可以定在其它的范围。
根据本发明的方法包括用第一天线16接收第一频率的卫星信号。第一天线16适合于接收仅在从天线中心线28起的第一定向接收范围内的信号。该方法还包括第一天线16定向接收范围之外的范围中以第一频率定向发射信号。由陆上发射机所发射的信号被用户所在地14的第二天线所接收。第二天线也适合于接收仅在相对于天线中心线30的定向接收范围内的信号。
定向接收天线16和18的这一组合与定向陆上发射允许以与卫星，特别是DBS使用频率相同的频率进行陆上发射，而两种发射之间没有干扰。这便允许把DBS频谱，也许其它卫星频谱被陆上发射所再利用。陆上发射可以是电视信号或者任何其它数据，包括因特网通信、语音数据、其它视频或其它任何类型的数据。
以上所描述的较佳实施例试图说明本发明的原理，而不是限制本发明的范围。只要不背离以下权利要求的范围，熟悉现有技术的人员可以作出各种其它实施例和对这些较佳实施例的改进。

Claims (12)

1．一种以公用频率同时提供陆上发射信号与从位于地球同步轨道中第一卫星位置上卫星所发射的直接广播卫星信号的装置，其特征在于所述装置包括：
(a)位于用户位置上的第一天线，以第一频率接收仅在从第一天线的中心线测量的第一定向接收范围内的信号，使第一天线的中心线对准于接收该卫星所发射的直接广播卫星信号；
(b)位于用户位置上的第二天线，以第一频率接收仅在从第二天线的中心线测量的第二定向接收范围内的信号，使第二天线对准于接收从远离用户位置的陆上发射位置以第一频率所发射的信号，直接广播卫星信号是在第二定向接收范围之外的方向上发射的；和
(c)陆上发射机，以第一频率并在偏离陆上发射机位置的陆上方位范围内定向发射信号，陆上发射机位置相对于用户位置是这样定位的，即陆上发射机仅在第一天线的定向接收范围之外的方向上发射。
2．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：直接广播卫星信号是从地球同步轨道中的多颗卫星发射的，每颗卫星与其它各颗卫星在地球同步弧线上分开的角度大于第一天线的第一定向范围，以及每颗卫星在卫星方位角范围内，所述方位角范围中可以定位第一天线以接收来自任何卫星的信号，这里：
(a)陆上方位角范围与卫星方位角范围分开的角度大约大于第一天线定向接收范围与第二天线定向接收范围之和。
3．如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于进一步包括：
(a)多个陆上发射机，每个发射机从不同的陆上发射位置进行发射，每个发射机以基本共同的方位角范围进行发射。
4．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的第一频率在12.2GHz至12.7GHz的范围内。
5．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的第一频率高于12.2GHz。
6．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的第二天线选自由圆形波导管天线、号角形馈电器天线、平板天线、缝隙天线、双极天线或多级双极天线组成的一组天线。
7．如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：第一天线的定向接收范围约为9度。
8．一种以公用频率同时提供本地始发信号与从卫星发射的直接广播卫星信号的方法，这里所述卫星位于地球同步轨道中的第一卫星位置，其特征在于所述方法包括步骤：
(a)在用户位置上，用第一天线接收第一频率的直接广播卫星信号，第一天线适合于接收仅在从第一天线的中心线测量的第一定向接收范围内的第一频率的信号；
(b)从陆上发射机以第一频率和在陆上方位范围内发射陆上信号，陆上方位角范围在第一天线的定向接收范围之外，第一天线被定位于接收卫星的直接广播信号；和
(c)在远离陆上发射机的用户位置上，用第二天线接收陆上信号，第二天线适合于接收仅在从第二天线的中心线测量的第二定向接收范围内的第一频率的信号，使第二天线对准，从而使卫星发射的直接广播卫星信号不是在第二天线的定向接收范围内发射的。
9．如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括步骤：
(a)从多个陆上发射机以第一频率和陆上方位角范围发射陆上信号。
10．如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的第一频率在12.2GHz至12.7GHz的范围内。
11．如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的第一频率高于12.2GHz。
12．如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：第一天线的定向范围为偏离该天线中心线约9度。
CNB971800235A 1996-10-11 1997-10-09 陆上广播信号再利用卫星广播频谱的装置和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100359823C (zh)

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CA2268393A1 (en) 1998-04-23
US20060079176A1 (en) 2006-04-13
US20030143965A1 (en) 2003-07-31
DE69732128D1 (de) 2005-02-03
EP0934636A4 (en) 2001-04-25
EP0934636B1 (en) 2004-12-29
AU721537B2 (en) 2000-07-06
NZ335562A (en) 2001-03-30
WO1998017022A3 (en) 1998-09-03
CN100359823C (zh) 2008-01-02
KR20000049084A (ko) 2000-07-25
WO1998017022A2 (en) 1998-04-23
US6169878B1 (en) 2001-01-02
BR9712232A (pt) 2000-08-22
ATE286328T1 (de) 2005-01-15
HK1023462A1 (en) 2000-09-08
US7853197B2 (en) 2010-12-14
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JP2001514810A (ja) 2001-09-11
EP0934636A2 (en) 1999-08-11
RU2196386C2 (ru) 2003-01-10
US6983123B2 (en) 2006-01-03
US5761605A (en) 1998-06-02
US6208834B1 (en) 2001-03-27
CA2268393C (en) 2002-02-12
AU4750697A (en) 1998-05-11

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