CN1237850C - 包括无线遥感器的照明控制系统 - Google Patents

包括无线遥感器的照明控制系统 Download PDF

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CN1237850C
CN1237850C CNB008021791A CN00802179A CN1237850C CN 1237850 C CN1237850 C CN 1237850C CN B008021791 A CNB008021791 A CN B008021791A CN 00802179 A CN00802179 A CN 00802179A CN 1237850 C CN1237850 C CN 1237850C
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integrated circuit
light
light source
controller
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CN1327707A (zh
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I·瓦茨克
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Signify Holding BV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36Controlling
    • H05B41/38Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3922Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations and measurement of the incident light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/17Operational modes, e.g. switching from manual to automatic mode or prohibiting specific operations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • H05B47/195Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission the transmission using visible or infrared light
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/04Dimming circuit for fluorescent lamps

Abstract

一种用于控制光源的系统包括用于与遥控传感器通信的无线接口。所述传感器是低功率集成电路器件,它包括检测某个区域中来自多个方向和表面的光线的功能,以及用于无线通信的功能。该传感器还包括检测在一个区域中出现的人的功能。

Description

包括无线遥感器的照明控制系统
技术领域
本发明一般属于照明控制领域。更准确地说,本发明涉及照明控制系统,它包括用于检测某一区域中的光线和/或占有的无线集成电路传感器。
背景技术
众所周知,荧光灯比白炽灯更能节省大量能量。通过使用可调节(dimmable)荧光灯镇流器还可获得额外节省的能量。通过降低由荧光灯产生的光的强度的镇流器控制电路来控制这些镇流器。在这方面,在照明系统的设计中,能量守恒总是一种经济的和环保的考虑。
另外,本专业的技术人员将理解,背景照明的强度和类型对工作区所需最佳人工照明有着深刻影响。除了与提供适当的照明有关的人机工程学方面,某个区域光的强度也会影响人类生理机能。照明会对人类生理系统生物钟有明显的影响,这一点已被认可。因此,人们期望能够控制人工光的强度来产生最佳光量,参见例如美国专利5,648,656和5,459,376,所述专利的内容通过引用而被包括在本文中。
已知这样的照明系统,它相对于日光强度来控制、即减弱或增强某个区域中人造光的强度。通常这些传统照明控制系统受到缺乏用于灵活的日光获取运用的适当的光传感器的阻碍。一般来说,传统的传感器技术采用单一的光敏二极管,后者检测工作台面上的光线,以便在一天中调节光线保持恒定值。
因为这类传感器检测或者来自有限的位置、或者可能来自某个预定区域的平均值的光线,因此必须注意传感器的位置和角度。这样就要求确保传感器检测到适当而准确的照度数据,以便全天都能够提供所要求的光强度。
此外,本专业技术人员将理解,传统的传感器技术通常要求在每次使用时都要进行独立的校准来达到适当的效果。例如,一个原因是常用的光传感器是容易出现漂移和差错的模拟器件。
除上面讨论的光传感器外,单独的运动传感器也可以用来检测人在某个区域中的移动,在美国专利5,489,872中已经提到这一点,所述专利的内容通过引用而包括在本文中。光源是“接通”还是“断开”取决于在检测区域内有人还是无人。然而依靠运动传感器的定位来确定某个区域内的占有情况非常难。例如,运动传感器观察视野有可能被限制或阻挡。此外,在放置好运动传感器之后,该区域内物体(如家具)的重新安排可能阻碍所述视野。
这类运动传感器的另一个缺点是他们一般采用电池供电。而最终这些电池都要更换。这不仅从维护的观点看是不方便的,而且对何时需要更换也不是每次都容易从外观上观察到的。
传统的光传感器和运动传感器一般用导线连接到控制器,如镇流器。这就要求增加额外的安装成本,而且为了安全起见还必须绝缘,同样又增加了控制镇流器中有线接口的成本。这些有线硬件传感器除了需要供很多镇流器系统(如飞利浦镇流器系统)使用的单独红外(IR)传感器外,还要在镇流器与手持式或壁装式遥控器之间提供无线控制接口。这种IR传感器通常安装在天花板上靠近用导线连接到镇流器的固定装置,这又增加了整个系统的成本和安装时间。
利用多路光传感器,照明控制技术已经得到了一些提高。在这种装置中,传感器与控制器联系在一起,所述控制器基于来自多路传感器的输入信号产生控器信息。举例来说,在现有技术中,已知输入基于多路传感器的某种算法的镇流器调光信号来控制光源。然而,这种装置导致安装/配置程序复杂化以及需要昂贵的设备。此外,这种装置并不能解决上面讨论的传统传感器技术的缺点。
因此,本专业需要一种照明控制系统,除了降低成本、减少系统的复杂性以及安装/配置时间外,还要提高性能。还希望提供一种传感器,它不受有线硬件连接、有限的使用寿命和电源的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是解决上面讨论的传统照明控制系统和传感器技术的局限性。
在本发明的一个方面中,照明控制系统包括具有控制器和无线接收器的光源。该系统还包括具有多个像素和无线发射器的传感器,它们由单一的集成电路(IC)构成。传感器利用无线发射器将数据发射给光源,使得控制器能够根据发射的数据来控制光源。
本发明的一个有利的实施例涉及把互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)成像技术用于传感器。该实施例使得能够把多种功能结合到一块集成电路(IC)中。与传统的传感器相比,这样可以导致所需功率大大减少。这种IC传感器构造把无线接口和用于改进日光获取和占有检测的像素阵列组合在一起。所述多种功能结合在一个集成元件中,导致照明控制系统和传感器明显地节省了成本和减少(安装/设备)复杂性。
在下面详细的公开中举例说明上述和其他实施例以及本发明的各方面。
附图说明
参考对下面和图附一起提出的最佳实施例的详细描述,本发明的特征和优点就清楚了。
图1是根据本发明一个方面的房间的示意图。
图2是表示根据本发明最佳实施例的遥控器的细节的示意图。
图3是显示根据本发明另一方面的照明控制系统的方框图
具体实施方式
现在参考图1,诸如房间10的一个区域(示出房间某一部分)包括照明设备如灯座20,传感器30,工作台面40,房间里的人50,以及遥控器60。当然本发明并不限于图1所示的办公环境,它可以用于任何民用环境,诸如大厦,体育场,飞机或轮船。当然,灯座20可以是诸如可调节荧光灯这样的任何可控光源。
传感器30是独立应用器件,它可同时检测来自房间10的不同方向和表面的照度。与根据利用一个或多个光敏二极管传感器检测光强度的传统照明控制方法相比,这样做可达到在房间10中改善光强度的控制和平衡。
如图2所示,传感器30最好包括CMOS像素(成像)阵列31。然而本发明并不限于CMOS技术。也可以采用其他类型低功耗逻辑技术。传感器30还包括X-解码器32、Y-解码器33、模/数(A/D)变换器34、数字信号处理器(DSP)35、无线发射器36以及电源37。在该实施例中,像素阵列31按行(X-轴)和列(Y-轴)排列。当然,其他的像素布局也有可能。X-解码器32和Y-解码器33用来从阵列31中选择各自的像素。A/D变换器34用本专业中众所周知的方式把来自各个像素的模拟数据变换成数字数据。数字信号处理器(DSP)35通过无线发射器36处理用于发送的数字数据。关于CMOS成像传感器的更详细的说明,读者可参考美国专利5,841,126,所述专利的内容通过引用被包括在本文中。
与本专业中众所周知的电荷耦合器(CCD)相比,CMOS成像传感器考虑到把处理复杂信号的电子线路集成在一块IC上。这使CMOS成像传感器与CCD相比较在功率需求大大减少的同时具有类似的分辨率。
对于照明应用,对于传感器30,以几百个像素光学分辨为佳。当然也可以采用其他分辨率。例如,CMOS成像传感器可能有几十到几十万个像素的分辨率(主要用于电视和摄像机的应用场合)。但是所述最佳分辨率导致传感器30具有显著的尺寸和成本优势。此外,与传统的只呈现一个像素的分辨率的光敏二极管传感器相比,传感器30的分辨率使得在检测来自房间10的不同方向和表面的照度的能力方面有相当大的提高。
这种分辨率使传感器30能够同时区分来自房间10中不同方向和光源的光线。这种光线可能从所述区域中不同光源或表面产生或反射。例如,如图1所示,传感器30不仅检测来自工作台面40、还检测来自窗户(也就是日光)和房间10周围墙面(也就是背景或环境光线)的光11,12和13。传感器收集到该信息,使得可以像下面讨论的那样确定获得日光的人工照明的最佳强度。其次,这种分辨率还使得传感器的像素阵列31能够检测房间中人员的移动,使得传感器30也可以用作占有检测器。
工作时,传感器30收集像素阵列31中每一个像素的数据。接着通过A/D变换器34将这些数据变成数字形式。然后由DSP35对数字数据进行处理/分析、以便提取诸如运动物体、来自不同光源的光强度以及特殊特征的识别符这样的关键信息。然后通过DSP35将这些信息格式化、以便由无线发射器36发射。
通过包括在A/D变换器34中的数字电路38,传感器30可以进行自动校正,以消除如漂移和偏置这样的模拟误差。还可对数字电路38进行编程,以便使传感器30适合于不同环境和照明条件,实现快速和安全的安装。此外,传感器30可能有多种预定的环境的设置和工作方式,诸如:
办公室-窗户(有窗户的办公室,其中环境光线在一天中变化较大);
办公室-无窗户;
住宅-厨房(住宅的厨房,其中要求一整天有明亮的光,但是在晚上,只有当检测到有人时才需要定向的照明,也就是为夜晚吃小吃的人指明去冰箱的路);
频繁-快速(一种方式,其中在快速变化的环境中不断发射更改的信息来控制/调整人工光强度);
频繁-缓慢;
光-唯一的(一种方式,其中只能检测到一种光强度);
居住者-唯一的;
光-&-居住者;以及
夜晚-接通(一种方式,其中当检测不到日光或者检测到的日光低于预定的阈强度时,灯座20自动接通);
如图3所示,灯座20包括无线接口21和控制器22。无线接口21接收由传感器30发射的信息。然后根据房间照明强度和/或现场的人,控制器22处理所述信息以便得出正确的控制信息(如减少或增加光输出)。
正如下面将指出的,控制器22使用(和/或者将其结合在其中)各种算法(如由软件或固件实现的)和硬件来相应地处理信息。控制器22可以包括镇流器控制硬件和执行这些算法和功能的微处理器。
控制器22还根据各种预定的设置和方式处理从传感器30接收到的信息以便解释由传感器30发射的信息。显然,环境和方式设置不必是互斥的。为了按照需要来制造照明控制系统,不同环境和方式设置可以共同使用。
由传感器发射的信息最好是压缩的数字格式。本专业的技术人员知道,可以使用各种压缩格式。压缩处理减少传感器30的发射功耗。此外,由于此类发射能可靠地执行和低功率使用,所以信息最好是以低数据率发射。峰值发射数据率最好是在10K比特/秒或者更低的范围。
正如所指出的,由于安装了无线发射器36,传感器30解决了接线成本问题。CMOS有源的或无源的射频(RF)发射器在本专业中是已知的,并已把它用于如识别标记的应用场合。无线发射器36最好是低功率射频(RF)发射器。近距离RF发射器能够在1毫瓦或者更低的功率电平下可靠地工作。此外,如果以短突发周期性地(如每秒)发射数据,那么,小工作比可以把平均RF功率电平减少到低于100微瓦。这种类型RF发射器将在传感器30和灯座20之间提供近距离链接(1至2米)。当然可以使用诸如红外(IR)或超声接口这样的其它类型无线接口,而不用RF。
使用低功率RF发射器时,传感器30设置在紧靠控制器22的地方。例如,把传感器30安装在天花板上靠近灯座20的地方。无线通信链接随着就自动建立。天花板不需要接线或钻孔。此外,这样的系统设置快速且容易。
在这样的配置中,传感器30也只用来控制其附近的灯座20。这考虑到容易对蜂窝式灯配置中单个的照明进行控制。例如,在大办公室中的照明装置,这使得有可能通过使窗口附近的照明装置与离开窗口较远的装置分开地产生响应、从而实现良好的日光获取。这也可以由个人50进行个人灯光设置,他可能希望把工作台面的照度控制成与他在从事计算机或者起草备忘录的工作时的不同。
另一种办法是,传感器30可以包括识别码来作为每个发射的分组信息的一部分。也能在分组信息中发射其他的控制/选择信息。在该实施例中,灯座20的控制器22只接收带有特殊码的分组信息。这使得传感器30能单独地控制区域内的多个灯座。例如,如图3所示,第二个灯座20A也从传感器30接收发射信息和将其解码。
到灯座20的无线接口也产生控制器22方面的设计改进和优点。CMOS接收器可以很容易地集成到小的低成本IC中,或许甚至作为灯座20或控制器22的主微控制器IC的一部分。只需要接入小而廉价的天线。
同时,利用本发明的无线接口实施例,可以取消例如一般用来控制荧光灯的传统的两线接口。因为为了安全起见必须有高压隔离,所以该两线接口价格昂贵,例如,一般要求有变压器或双重光隔离器电路。因此,所述实施例明显地降低镇流器设计的成本和减小这种灯座中所需的印制电路(PC)板的实际大小。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,传感器30包括用于无线接收器39的电路(见图2)。虽然可以使用用于无线接收器39的单独的电路块,但DSP35最好包括该项功能。无线接收器39最好起红外(IR)检测器的作用,使得可以用手持式或壁装式遥控器60来控制灯座20。这类遥控制的使用和普及正日益增长。
DSP35可以从由像素阵列31检测到的另一种光信号中滤出IR信号。像素阵列31可以有效地既检测白光又检测IR信号,因此不再需要单独的IR光电检测器。IR信号一般调制在高频(如来自典型的电视遥控器的36KHz),并且被以数字方式编码。DSP35可以从慢变化白光信号中滤出这种IR信号并将其解码。
传感器30把基于来自遥控器60的红外信号的信息与发射到遥控器22的其他信息相结合。如上所述,无线接口不需要接线并降低了安装成本,特别是改型安装成本。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,传感器30起无源器件作用,或者至少工作在没有诸如电池或连接到外部电源的情况下。这一点可以通过使用低功率CMOS电路技术来实现。通过在传感器30上执行信号处理和数据压缩(上面已讨论过),并只使用短使用时间的低功率发射器,导致所需IC功率非常低,例如,功率电平可低于100微瓦。正是由于所需功率如此低,所以传感器30可以借助只利用电磁辐射的电源37来维持工作(图2中所示),也就是借助于从周围能源发出的“免费”电力。例如,可以或者从环境光、或者从来自附近灯座20的镇流器的RF能源获得免费电力。
在另一个实施例中,传感器30可以从环境能源接收“免费”电力并且还包括后备电池。在该实施例中,电源37使用“免费”电力和/或供电电池工作来为传感器30供电。这使得传感器30在可能的时候利用“免费”电力来节省电池能量。
虽然以上已经根据各特定实施例描述了本发明。但是,显然本发明不准备被约束或限制在这里已公开的实施例中。相反,本发明要覆盖后附的权利要求书的精神和范围内的各种结构和修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种照明控制系统包括:
光源(20),它包括控制器(22),用于控制所述光源的光输出,和无线接收器(21),连接到所述控制器;和
传感器(30),它包括多个像素(31)和连接到所述像素的无线发射器(36),它们都由单一的集成电路(IC)构成,
其中,所述传感器(30)能够利用所述无线发射器(36)发送数据到所述光源(20)。
2.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述集成电路包括互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术(31)。
3.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述传感器(30)还包括形成在所述集成电路上的装置(35),后者用于在由所述无线发射器发射之前压缩所述数据。
4.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述传感器还包括形成在所述集成电路上的装置(31),用于检测在某个预定区域的运动。
5.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述传感器还包括连接到所述像素(31)并且形成在所述集成电路上的无线接收器(30)。
6.根据权利要求5的系统,其特征在于形成在所述集成电路上的所述无线接收器(30)是红外接收器。
7.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述传感器还包括用于从环境辐射源接收电磁辐射的装置(37),以及所述传感器(30)至少部分地由所述接收的电磁辐射供电。
8.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述无线发射器(36)是射频(RF)发射器。
9.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于所述传感器(30)检测来自多个方向或光源的光。
10.根据权利要求9的系统,其特征在于所述发射的数据包括识别码和基于由所述多个像素检测到的光线的信息。
11.根据权利要求9的系统,其特征在于所述控制器(22)根据从所述传感器(30)接收到的所述发射数据来控制所述光源(20)。
12.根据权利要求9的系统,其特征在于所述传感器还包括装置(38),用于设置多个预定方式中的至少一种。
13.一种传感器(30),它包括多个像素(31)和连接到所述像素的无线发射器(36),它们都由单一的集成电路(IC)构成。
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JP5079196B2 (ja) 2012-11-21
DE60005637D1 (de) 2003-11-06
JP2003506838A (ja) 2003-02-18
EP1118252A1 (en) 2001-07-25
DE60005637T2 (de) 2004-08-05
US6340864B1 (en) 2002-01-22
CN1327707A (zh) 2001-12-19
EP1118252B1 (en) 2003-10-01

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