CN1149683C - 白光源的发光二极管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
通过适当选择各LED的波长,使至少三个多颜色的LED的系统有最佳的颜色再现指数,这种系统可用于一般的照明目的。
Description
本发明涉及发光二极管,特别涉及将发光二极管用作一般照明目的的白光源。
从六十年代发明发光二极管起,发光二极管(LED)技术已取得了显著的进步。在八十年代,就研制出大于10%外部量子效率的发红光的AlGaAs LED,这种器件的能量效率更高,是比滤除红光的白炽灯更持久的红光发生器。由于这个原因,目前它们被正在比如自动制动光等各种应用中以更好的性能价格比代替标准白炽光源。近来,已研制出高效率的发光二极管,并在基于InGaN和AlGaN材料系的蓝色和蓝-绿色波长范围内有效地商业应用。已用这些材料证实外部量子效率在蓝色中为5.4%和在蓝-绿色中为2.1%。近来,已把同样的材料系延伸至大于外部量子效率1%的绿色和黄色范围。已证实基于ZnSe或II-VI化合物的可代替的材料系在绿色到蓝色波长范围的可比效率。
白光LED系统可用于商业上,但无论在性能还是成本上,它们不具备与标准白炽光源的竞争力。因此,期望提供能与一般照明目的的常规光源竞争的LED系统。
适当选择各LED的波长,可使至少三个多颜色LED的系统有最佳颜色再现指数(Ra)。在至少三个LED的系统中,可使Ra>80;在至少四个LED的系统中,可使Ra>85。这种系统可用于一般照明目的。
下面,通过参照附图详细说明本发明,将明了本发明的特征和优点,其中:
图1是表示与在表II中提出的三个LED系统的各模式系统的波长有关的相应光谱的功率分布曲线图;
图2是表示使颜色再现指数(Ra)最大的波长是如何作为黑体温度的函数变化的曲线图;
图3是表示三个LED系统作为LED量子效率函数的曲线图;和
图4是表示在6000K时四个LED系统的光谱功率的分布曲线图。
对于一般的照明目的而言,光源的临界特性参数是其颜色、通过肉眼可察觉的所提供的光的效率和由肉眼所视的由光源发射出的颜色的方式。这三个参数可用色度、光效(efficacy)和颜色再现指数(Ra)分别定量地描述。根据本发明,提出了两个或更多个LED组合的颜色模式并用于确定色度、光效和颜色再现指数(Ra)的值。
确定LED系统的第1步骤是规定系统的期望的色度。通过对加权了光谱三色函数的光源光谱进行积分,来确定光源色度,其公式为:
X=∫S(λ)
x(λ)dλ,Y=∫S(λ)
y(λ)dλ,Z=∫S(λ)
z(λ)dλ,(1)其中,X,Y和Z是三色值(也就是说,在1931年CIE(Commission Intemationaledel’Eclairage)系统中的三种图象基本颜色的数值),S(λ)是光源光谱的功率分布(每单位波长功率)
x,
y和
z是光谱的三色函数。在从380至770nm的波长区域进行积分。色度坐标由下式确定:
一般期望照明光源有靠近在相应于黑体光源的色度空间中的点轨迹的色度。在此模式中,考虑了三个系统,有两个对应于2800K和3500K时的黑体光源,一个对应于6000K时的日光光源(日光的色度与黑体的色度稍有不同)。表I表示出对应其色度坐标的三个系统。
系统 | 颜色温度 | (x,y)坐标 |
LED-1 | 2800 | 0.452,0.409 |
LED-2 | 3500 | 0.405,0.391 |
LED-3 | 6000 | 0.322,0.338 |
颜色混合是附加过程,以便由下列公式确定n个LED中的每一个的Si(λ)、系统的三色值X由下式给出:
YT和ZT的值可用同样的方法确定。假设Si(λ)=Aifi(λ),其中Ai是各LED的幅度,f(λ)是LED的线性函数。利用该表达式和公式(1),(2)和(3),能够推导出系统的色度坐标,可由下面的公式得到:
其中,Fi是对加权有
y的fi(λ)的积分。
通过求解公式(4)中的Ai,能够确定各LED的幅度。如果对于给定的LED能够获得期望的色度坐标,那么至少能够容易求出公式(4)的一个解。对于n≤3,该解提供单独的LED所需要的唯一确定的相对幅度。可是,对于n>3,就不能解出公式(4),以致一般来说,对相对幅度来说,存在一个以上的解。
在此模式中,fi(λ)对各LED来说是高斯函数。实际LED的光谱分布虽显示出其线性的核心十分趋近高斯分布,但其“侧边”更强烈地趋近高斯分布;此外,在实际光谱分布中对峰值的较长波长侧存在某些更大强度的不对称的趋势。由于每单位波长的最大功率处于线形的核心,所以采用高斯分布对实际LED系统将提供较好的近似。LED的光谱线宽不是独立参数。在能量空间中,光谱宽度仅取决于器件温度,以便在波长空间中,光谱宽度与峰值波长的平方成正比。在这些计算中所用的线宽根据商用LED光谱确定,在25℃时约为0.06eV。
对于LED白光系统,特征的两个临界形态是光效和颜色再现指数。光效是辐射效率的光学模拟;也就是说,效率是由产生的可视功率与输入的电功率的比率,而光效是通过亮视觉响应加权的每单位波长的可视功率的积分对输入的电功率的比率。对于LED系统来说,光效可用下式表示如下:
其中,K=683流明/可视瓦,ηi是第i个LED的外部量子效率,
y是标准化的亮视觉响应函数。典型的100瓦白炽灯有18流明/瓦的光效,而典型的40瓦“冷白光”荧光灯有72流明佤的光效。
颜色再现指数是在将特定光源的照明与标准光源比较时,表示物体将如何不同地显示的定量测量。CIE指定了十四种用于计算颜色再现的实验物体。每种实验物体的特性由反射函数确定,也就是每单位波长各部分的反射功率的函数确定。简单地说,当用感兴趣的光源和用标准光源照明时,该计算包括确定实验物体的三色值。用三色函数和反射函数加权的光源光谱功率分布的积分,来确定各三色值。色度空间中两点之间的色差是规定的,并用来计算由感兴趣的光源和用标准光源照射时给定实验物体之间的色差。这样提供了十四种颜色再现指数。一般的颜色再现指数Ra是这些指数最初八个的算数平均值。该比例是这样设定的,即黑体光源的Ra为100,3000K“暖白色”荧光灯的Ra为50。由于黑体用于颜色温度低于5000K的标准光源,所以对白炽灯来说,Ra
100。
按照本发明,已把至少三个LED系统按至今不清楚的原理使其最佳化为具有高颜色再现能力,使这样的三个LED系统适合一般的照明目的。在优选实施例中,对于三个发光二极管中的第1个选择的波长是在约530至约570nm的范围内,对于三个发光二极管中的第2个选择的波长是在约455至约490nm的范围内,对于三个发光二极管中的第3个选择的波长是在约605至约630nm的范围内。
表II列出了在三个预定色度点上对于三个颜色系统使Ra最大的波长。对这些系统来说,最好使Ra>80,这样就与有良好颜色再现的荧光灯差不多。
表II
颜色温度(K) | λ1(nm) | λ2(nm) | λ3(nm) | Ra | 光效(流明/瓦) |
2800 | 482 | 559 | 621 | 86.3 | 35.2 |
3500 | 466 | 547 | 614 | 84.1 | 39.0 |
6000 | 463 | 542 | 610 | 83.0 | 35.8 |
当假设各LED的ηi=0.1时,光效是ηi的函数,获得表II所列的使Ra最大的波长的光效。对于要实现在表I中的色度的各LED的幅度如图1所示,它表示与各模式系统波长有关的相对光谱功率分布曲线。
图2表示使三个LED系统的Ra最大化的波长如何作为黑体温度体温度函数变化的曲线图。从各阴影区域选出的LED均有Ra>80的结果。一般来说,特殊的应用需要特殊的色度。根据本发明,图2是用于选择对于该温度提供可获得的最大颜色再现的LED波长。能够产生对于脱离黑体位置的色度的同样曲线,但对于一般的照明应用来说,很少需要这样的光源。
图3是表示表II中3500K的三个LED的光效随LED的外部量子效率增加(假设ηi对所有三个LED是相同的)如何推断变化的点的曲线图。为比较示出了可与白光LED系统竞争的某些现有技术光源的发光效率。
可用四个LED实现增强的颜色再现系统。在优选实施例中,对于四个发光二极管中的第1个选择的波长是在约440至约450nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第2个选择的波长是在约455至约505nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第3个选择的波长是在约555至约565nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第4个选择的波长是在约610至约620nm的范围内。
表III列出了实现像白炽光那样的光的Ra值所确定的四个波长。
表III
λ1(nm) | λ2(nm) | λ3(nm) | λ4(nm) | Ra | 光效(流明/瓦) |
445 | 500 | 557 | 615 | 96.0 | 31.3 |
图4表示在表III中规定的四个LED系统的相对强度。不仅Ra相当高,而且除一个光谱颜色再现指数外,所有颜色指数都超过90。在与表II中的三个LED系统的结果比较时,Ra增加了16%,光效下降了13%(由于光谱功率分布在较宽的波长范围内,所以当Ra增加时,光效一般要下降)。由于在5维空间(四个波长和一个附加幅度)中要达到最大的Ra会明显地增加与检测有关的计算时间,所以仅考虑参数空间的百分率。因此,表III的结果不需要表示所有最大的Ra。可是,这些结果显然清楚地证明利用LED系统能够获得优良的颜色再现。
尽管说明和描述了本发明的优选实施例,但显然这些实施例仅当作例子。对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,能够进行各种改进、变化和替换。因此,应指出,本发明仅由所附权利要求的精神和范围限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种照明系统,包括:
至少三个发光二极管,每个发光二极管提供在预选的使照明使用的系统中颜色再现指数最佳的波长的可见光,每个预选的波长是由一个预定的色度和该预定色度时最大颜色再现指数规定的,所述预定色度是靠近在相应于黑体光源的色度空间中的点轨迹的色度。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,利用与颜色温度数据有关的波长,使颜色再现指数最大化。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,包括三个发光二极管,选择各发光二极管的波长,使系统的颜色再现指数至少为80。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,对于三个发光二极管中的第1个选择的波长是在530至570nm的范围内,对于三个发光二极管中的第2个选择的波长是在455至490nm的范围内,对于三个发光二极管中的第3个选择的波长是在605至630nm的范围内。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,包括四个发光二极管,选择各发光二极管的波长,使系统的颜色再现指数至少为85。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,对于四个发光二极管中的第1个选择的波长是在440至450nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第2个选择的波长是在455至505nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第3个选择的波长是在555至565nm的范围内,对于四个发光二极管中的第4个选择的波长是在610至620nm的范围内。
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US736,843 | 1996-10-28 | ||
US08/736,843 US5851063A (en) | 1996-10-28 | 1996-10-28 | Light-emitting diode white light source |
US736843 | 1996-10-28 |
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CN1149683C true CN1149683C (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
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US4176299A (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1979-11-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method for efficiently generating white light with good color rendition of illuminated objects |
DE3916875A1 (de) * | 1989-05-24 | 1990-12-06 | Ullmann Ulo Werk | Signalleuchte, insbesondere mehrkammersignalleuchte fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
US5255171A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-10-19 | Clark L Douglas | Colored light source providing intensification of initial source illumination |
JPH05344286A (ja) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-24 | Nikon Corp | スキャン装置 |
JPH0651129A (ja) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-02-25 | Inoue Denki Kk | 照明装置 |
DE4228895C2 (de) * | 1992-08-29 | 2002-09-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftfahrzeug-Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit mehreren Halbleiterlichtquellen |
WO1994015434A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-07-07 | Robert Michael | Pixel, video display screen and power delivery |
US5585783A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-12-17 | Hall; Roger E. | Marker light utilizing light emitting diodes disposed on a flexible circuit board |
-
1996
- 1996-10-28 US US08/736,843 patent/US5851063A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-10-23 JP JP9290202A patent/JPH10209504A/ja active Pending
- 1997-10-28 CN CNB971260125A patent/CN1149683C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-28 EP EP97308570A patent/EP0838866B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-28 DE DE69739601T patent/DE69739601D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012000386A1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-05 | Huizhou Light Engine Ltd. | Tunable white color methods and uses thereof |
US8766555B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2014-07-01 | Huizhou Light Engine Ltd | Tunable white color methods and uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1185042A (zh) | 1998-06-17 |
EP0838866A2 (en) | 1998-04-29 |
DE69739601D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
EP0838866B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
JPH10209504A (ja) | 1998-08-07 |
US5851063A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
EP0838866A3 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
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