CN1143299A - 复合节目的精确广播 - Google Patents

复合节目的精确广播 Download PDF

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CN1143299A
CN1143299A CN96108589A CN96108589A CN1143299A CN 1143299 A CN1143299 A CN 1143299A CN 96108589 A CN96108589 A CN 96108589A CN 96108589 A CN96108589 A CN 96108589A CN 1143299 A CN1143299 A CN 1143299A
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program
network
section
doors
bag
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斯图尔特·弗雷德里克·布赖蒽特
沙西杜·雷赞·哈奎
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DIGITAL EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN Co Ltd
Compaq Computer Holding Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/10—Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or the distribution
    • H04H20/103—Transmitter-side switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/10—Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or the distribution
    • H04H20/106—Receiver-side switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/35—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
    • H04H60/37—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying segments of broadcast information, e.g. scenes or extracting programme ID
    • H04H60/375—Commercial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25866—Management of end-user data
    • H04N21/25883—Management of end-user data being end-user demographical data, e.g. age, family status or address
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
    • H04N21/812—Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/02—Arrangements for relaying broadcast information
    • H04H20/06—Arrangements for relaying broadcast information among broadcast stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/35—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
    • H04H60/37—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying segments of broadcast information, e.g. scenes or extracting programme ID

Abstract

在广播网络中，节目向最终用户屋内设备分发。第一节目源产生节目的第一段，第一段具有第一类内容。第二节目源产生节目的第二段，第二段具有第二类内容。第二段的一部分同时产生，它们有着不同的第二类内容。这些段通过网络传输到客户屋内设备。在传输时，这些段有选择地合并而形成节目。该节目具有瞬时相邻段。合并后的第一和第二段信号与一个基本时间基准同步，并且这种选择响应于节目的第一和第二类内容的标识以及网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况。

Description

复合节目的精确广播
本发明一般涉及节目的广播，特别是针对同类观众们的广播节目。
在广播工业中，直接把节目提供给所需的观众是一种内在的要求。这里所采用的节目包括有着图像和声音成分的多媒体展示。到达目标观众的节目可能已经增加了经济价值。采用过去的技术，广播者对他们的节目的分布没有什么控制能力。例如，某个节目的潜在观众一般是由广播信号所波及的范围来确定。
对于常规的地面广播，节目信号所到达的范围应该是一个围绕发射塔的圆形区域。对于电缆系统，广播的范围由电缆的布局来确定。对于卫星广播，它覆盖的地域可能相当大。然而，这些形式中的每一种通常向位于广播区域内的不同地点或社区的各种人口统计的观众进行广播。
采用以前的技术，观众的选择最初是通过仔细地匹配广告和其它插入连续的基本节目的内容来完成的。希望是观众愿意观看紧密配合于基本节目内容的插入广告。例如，家用产品在肥皂剧期间被频繁地兜售。同样，摩托产品的广告通常与摩托体育运动相配合来进行。但是，广播者无法把对新型豪华小轿车感兴趣的观众从那些仅对摩托车配件和修理工具感兴趣的观众中分离出来。
作为模拟信号的传统节目广播在由节目流的制作人所选择的新时代被中断了。广告、公众业务信息和其它内容填补了这些中断。在一些先进的广播网络中，节目的制作人指出一个“空隙(slot)”对于一个下游分配者(downstream distributor)是可利用的。然后，当地广播者可以用精确地与由制作人所留下的间隙(gap)的时间长度相等的广告来填补该空隙(slot)。但是，这种方法下的分段(segmentation)一直被地形大大地限制了。所有节目观看者接收同样的单一节目流，从技术的观点看，其中的连续基本节目和简短的分科填补节目是没有区别的和紧密联系的。
最近，广播者已经开始改进他们的模拟网络用于运载以数字形式编码的节目。在数字形式下，节目码流分解为一个或多个基本码流。例如，复合节目码流可以包括图像流和可能存在的多种声音流(audio stream)。基本流按照工业标准，例如运动图像专家组的标准MPEG-1或MPEG-2来编码和压缩。该节目码流经编码后的数字信号还可以被封装为运输包(transport packets)，以使网络易于处理它。
网络可以包括向观众传输节目信号的电路。该电路可以是电视信道、电缆信道、卫星信道或者异步传输模式(ATM)电话网络的虚拟电路。最近，交互式电视和视频点播类型的网络可以允许在与观众相匹配的节目内容方面有较大的控制。然而，交互式节目传输要求网络上具有双向(双工)通信功能。现存网络并不总是具有双工通信功能，它一般需在发射机和接收机处安装更复杂和更昂贵的设备。我们所需要的是准确的广播节目信号发送给经过确认的目标观众，而不多地增加现存广播网络及用于产生和接收节目的过程和设备的复杂性。
在下文所描述的广播网络中，节目被传送到目标客户的屋内设备(customer premises equipmet)。广播者或电缆操作者产生一个节目的基本段，该基本段的内容是经过标识的。广播者或电缆操作者还产生用于在正规的广播节目中断期间被用作填补节目的较短的填补段(fill segments)。该填补段的内容也是经过标识的。一些有着不同内容的填补段被同时产生。基本段和填补段通过网络被广播或传输到客户的屋内设备。广播或传输中的基本段和填补段有选择地合并形成连续的节目，这里，基本段和填补段瞬时相邻，并且合并后的段的信号与通用时间基准同步。用来合并的段的选择响应于基本段和填补段的内容的分类及网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况(de-mographics)。
一个本发明的更详细的实施例可以是来自下面由例子方式给出的最佳实施例的描述，通过附图可对本发明有进一步理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明的实施例的广播节目的网络管理的方框图；
图2是用来通过图1的网络接收节目广播的客户屋内设备的方框图；
图3是根据本发明的最佳实施例的节目广播的方框图；
图4是图3的节目的一部分的方框图；
图5是用来传输图3的节目的通信包的方框图；
图6是带有分离部分(decoupled components)的复合节目的方框图；
图7是用来通过模拟广播网络传输的分离节目的方框图；
图8是精确(precision)广播节目的流程图。
图1表示了一种广播装置，该装置能够采用本发明向目标观众广播复合节目。该装置包括网络100和与发射机111相连的演播室110。卫星120把产生于演播室110的广播信号向处于电缆网络的前端140的接收机131转发。前端140把广播信号转送至次前端150。次前端150把信号分配给街区箱160，街区箱160再把信号送到客户屋内设备(CPE)170。CPE170可以包括一套与观看设备172，例如一台电视机(TV)相连接的置顶箱(STB)171。
在网络100运行期间，下面将详细地解释的节目可以在演播室110产生。节目由卫星线路向前端140转发。在作为有线网络的中央办公室的等效物的前端140，空中(off-air)节目与本地源节目一起在有线网络上都被用来调制它们的无线频率(RF)载频。然后，构成这组载频的RF频谱可以被用来调制光源。接着，调制后的光信号通过光纤电缆被发射到次前端150。
次前端150是可与当地电话交换相比较的电缆集中点。次前端150使电缆操作者具有了管理电缆设备的能力，而不需要把所有光纤带回到前端140。街道箱160典型上是紧靠一组CPE170的星形连接点。街道箱从光纤获得了广播射频信号，并用同轴电缆或者异步数字用户回路(ADSL)将信号传送到STB200。
传统上，广播节目在演播室110合成。这意味着基本节目和插入的节目，例如广告和其它的填补节目，首先在演播室产生。在网络100中，对于不同的线路操作者，节目和广告的混合可能是不同的。例如，向欧洲提供的卫星节目可能不同于向亚洲提供的。另外，当地的操作者可能在前端140用他们自己的内容来代替网络上的广告。但是，正如上面所解释的那样，在传统的节目供给中，基本节目和填补节目一般是与边缘的观众鉴别力划分相联系的。
尽管本发明的特定实施例是用卫星链接电缆网络来描述的，大家应该懂得本发明也适合于其它类型的广播网络。例如，如果CPE170装备有一部抛物面天线173和匹配接收机，它就能够从卫星120直接接收广播信号。
另外，在地面广播网络中，服务于较小地理区域的地区广播发射机能够向位于遥远地区的CPE重新发射该节目。另外，一名独立的本地操作者可以在前端140或者在本地发射机创作节目。最近的趋势是还允许公用承载者(common carrier)，例如电话公司采用常规的公众访问电话网络广播多媒体节目。
图2中更详细地表示了STB200。STB200可以包括线路接口210、接收机(RCV)220、存储缓冲器230、译码器240、变换器250及控制器260。一个低成本的可替代的STB可以具有经由下面将详细描述的解密通用接口(DCI)模块280直接与广播电路相连的变换器250。STB200频繁地处于广播者或电缆操作者的控制之下。因此，STB200尽管是位于客户的屋内，它可以被看作是网络的扩展。
在STB200运行期间，由STB200从广播电路或者经由线路接口210的信道接收广播信号。接口210能够光学地或电子地与网络100连接。处于译码期间的信号可以在存储器230中缓冲。缓冲存储器230还能够存储作为客户人口统计的“简介(profile)”的数据，例如，年龄、收入、住址等等。该简介可以被用来有选择地译码下面所解释的广播信号。变换器250响应于变换后的信号，在线路174上产生常规模拟TV信号。客户能够用一个手持遥控器(HHR)270来操纵STB200，例如，开/关、访问码及选择节目，例如“调谐(tune)”。
本发明部分地向目标用户提供了复合节目的精确广播。这要求基本节目内容，例如电影、体育节目等可从填补节目，例如广告、布告、电台中断、视频文本重叠、个人资料等中分离出来。那么每一个目标观众在观看同样的基本节目时，在节目中断时可以领略到剪辑过的填补材料，该填补材料根据不同的人口统计情况经特别地设计来吸引不同类型的观众。
一般地讲，通过采用分离广播信号(decouple broadcastsignal)，例如“基本”和“填补”，本发明以瞬时方式混合分离信号。进一步讲，分离信号由多个基本信号，例如，图像、声音、文本、个人等形成，它在节目的混合中提供了附加的变化。这种混合可以在广播网络的各个下游分配点通过插入和选择顺时针同步基本信号来完成。选择和插入的标准可以根据节目内容和地理分布，例如国家、城市、街区、客户住所。另外，可以在CPE170被启动的时侯，采用所确定的观众人口统计情况来完成混合。这些标准可以被保存在数据库中作为“简要表(profile)”。数据库可以被分配到网络的存储器中，例如前端、次前端、街区箱或STB200的存储器。
图3表示了根据本发明的最佳实施例的广播信号的复合。图3中，从左向右表示广播信号被向“下游”传输。码流部分的“宽度”是一个带宽要求的相对指示。复合广播信号300包括第一和第二节目段310和320，例如，“基本”和“填补”。应该懂得本发明还可以适用于具有超过两个分离部分的节目。
这些段以一种瞬时的方式被相邻地设置，本质上没有重叠，基本段和填补段交替。一般地讲，基本段310有着比填补段更长的持续时间，但是这一点不被要求。再有，基本段的节目内容经常是连续的，例如电影、体育节目等，并延续相对较长的时间；而填补段通常是短的、不连续的，例如广告、电台间歇和通告，诸如此类。
本发明认为传输节目信号所要求的带宽可能根据内容而变化，例如，一个快速运动的电影或者高速的体育事件。例如“基本段(base)”需要它的指定电路的全部带宽，即每秒6或8兆比特/秒(Mb/s)。如果信号以实时编码器来编码，这一点是特别确实的。
但是，由于在节目编排上的一些限制和一些去除噪声的预处理，在基本上不影响质量的情况下，对于“填补”所需的信号速率可以被减少为1.5Mb/s。填补内容的静止图像、文本和声音描述可以进一步减少填补段320的带宽要求。
我们建议在分配时间期间，多个填补段同时在分配给节目的电路上传输。例如，如果传送信号300的电路被分配的带宽是6Mb/s，那么在填补期间，多达两个3.0Mb/s或者4个1.5Mb/s的填补段可以被同时广播。
不同的填补段320可以被单独识别。在混合期间的识别过程和识别信息的操作可能是复杂的，在下面详细描述了这一点。
尽管采用本发明的广播设施可以包括地面、卫星和电话网络，电缆广播为这里所揭示的精确目标广告技术提供了最丰富的机会。因此，部分地，根据图1的电缆网络对下游传输的广播节目信号的插入和选择进行了描述。
根据本发明，节目段310和320可以在网络100的节点110、111、120、131、140、150、160、170处插入或选择。
如果广播网络是那种直接从卫星120到CPE170的广播，在下游信号路径中的最后插入点是卫星上行发射器111，并且段选择的划分点是STB200。在传统的地面广播的情况下，插入和选择点可以是地区广播者和向周围观众转发信号的填充(infill)发射机。
在本发明的最佳实施例中，段310和320象下面描述的那样被分别识别。在节目的分配期间，广播者或电缆操作者能够插入段并根据段的标识来选择段。如果在STB200进行选择，个别客户可能被定为目标。
图4表示了一个样本段400。段400包括视频部分410、声音部分430和文本部分420。这种方案允许根据所要观众的语言特点把单一视频部分与不同的声音和文本部分相混合。段310和320可以根据工业标准，例如MPEG来编码。
一个MPEG编码节目流包括包(packet)的传输流。包以数字形式对模拟节目信号进行编码。另外，采用数字方法的情况，有可能直接地产生包。关于MPEG的细节，请看书“Coding of Audio，Pic-ture，Multimedia and Hypermedia Information，(声音、图像、多媒体和超媒体信息的编码)”ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG，McInnes，Editor，1994。
图5表示了MPEG包所携带的信息的内容和结构关系。标准说明书很详细地描述了包的结构。该标准承认很多不同类型的包，三个是与本描述有关的：节目联合表(PAT)包510、节目映射表(PMT)包和基本码流(ES)包530。每一个包用一个包识别器(PID)来识别。
节目联合表包(PAT)在基本码流的节目号(PN)和包识别器(PID)间提供对应。每一个节目广播以一个PN来识别，复合节目的节目基本码流的包被赋予唯一的PID。
PAT包510用一个有着一个零值，例如PID0 511的PID来识别。PAT包510包括一个节目号的目录512，例如节目1、节目2以及相关PMT包例如PMT-PID513的PID的值。
以PMT-PID521来标识的PMT包520包括ES包(ES-PID)530的PIDs 521的目录，ES包530包含参考节目的节目内容。对于每一个列出的ES-PID，ES类型(ES-TYPE)522和其它ES信息(ES-INFO)523也被指示。例如ES-TYPE522能够指示音频、视频或个人基本流。ES-INFO523能够指示包含在ES包里的节目材料的特性，例如电影、广告，并且可能包括广告类型等等。
为了接收一个完整的节目，CPE170必须接收并处理所有与节目有关的包。以PID来标识的，而不是包括在相关的PAT和PMT表510和520中的包在译码时应该被忽略。
以ES-PID531来标识的ES包530携带有效载荷(payload)532。有效载荷532包括表达节目材料，例如声音、图像、个人资料等基本要素的数字信号。ES包530以某个与它们的内容相匹配的速率对节目信号进行编码。视频信号一般要求比音频或者视频文本信号更宽的带宽。
在编码和译码期间节目信号的同步由节目时钟基准(PCR)来保持。PCR的值根据一个通用的时间基准来同步各种基本码流。在MPEG的标准中定义了把PCR的值存放在节目流中的方法学。例如，该标准要求PCR被包括在间隔不超过100毫秒的节目信号中。
有几种能被用作混合(例如插入和选择)在广播网络100上逐步下游的节目段520和530组成一个节目的方法。这些方法中的一些可能要求MPEG“拼接(splicinng)，”或者一套修改后的置顶箱。其它的方法可能以最少的补充硬件或处理应用于现有的网络中。现在更详细地描述这些方法。
希望传送到不同目标观众的广播者或电缆操作者可以独立地识别和广播节目。例如，图5中的节目1可以把目标定为富裕的退休观众，节目2可以把目标定为带孩子的年轻夫妇。节目1和节目2与不同的映射表520相关，因而也就与不同的基本码流相关。
对于图6所表示的例子，观看节目1的富裕退休者可能观看一个具有标识为ES-PID-1611的包的基本视频码流610，以及一个以ES-PID-2621标识的基本音频码流620。视频ES-PID-1包和音频ES-PID-2包组成了节目1的基本段。对于富裕的退休观看者，节目1的填补段，例如广告，可以来自于具有标识为ES-PID-3631和ES-PID-4641的包的视频和音频基本码流。
选择接收节目2的带有孩子的年轻夫妇观看者将看到同样的基本节目，例如ES-PID-1611和ES-PID-2621，但是，针对这类观众的视频和音频填补段可以来自标识为ES-PID-5651和ES-PID-6661的包。这样，图1中的街区箱160或STB200能够为两种人口统计上不同的观众从单一广播内选择节目。节目1和节目2的包可以被插入到网络100中任意方便的点。
在这种方法中，基本节目和填补节目间进行切换时，修改的PMT包插入到节目流中以指示一个特别的节目应该包括一套不同的ES包。例如，采用与上面例子同样的PID，节目1和节目2观众的STB200最初都接收一个PMT包，这个包指示标识为PID-1和PID-2的包应该由译码器240来译码。但是，在一个填补段的开始，接收节目1的STB200接收修改的PMT包，该包指示标识为ES-PID-3和ES-PID-4的包现在应该被译码了。同样，指示节目2观看者的STB200对标识为ES-PID5和ES-PID-6的ES包进行译码。修改后的PMT包可以被插入到网络100中任意方便的点。
在动态修改的PID方法中，随着节目被广播，基本码流的ES-PIDs 531被动态地修改。节目1观看者的STB200接收一个PMT包，这个包指示标识为ES-PID-3和ES-PID-4的包应该被译码。但是，在填补段期间，ES包的ES-PIDs被修改为一些其它号码，例如PID-21和PID-22，而具有PID-5和PID-6的ES包被修改为PID-3和PID-4。这样，译码器240被诱使对填补材料，例如适合于目标观众的广告进行译码。作为一个优点，这种方法防止了被设计用来自动地从节目码流中删除广告的CPE170的使用。STB200不能轻易地区分基本和填补节目内容。
在这种方法中，广播者或者电缆操作者设法在填补段开始时传输一个修改的PAT包510。修改的PAT包510识别不同的PMT包，而不是在节目开始时接收的PAT包。然后，译码器240对包含着面向不同观众的填补材料的ES包进行译码。
一般地讲，在网络100中完成节目段310和320的插入和选择。这是最经济的，并且这种方法还给广播者和网络操作者对最终传递给客户的复合节目提供了一定的控制能力。但是，在某些情况下，允许客户控制节目的基本和填补部分的复合也许是个优点。例如，选取某个基本和填补内容的混合可能是有商业或文化上的动机。但是，一般来说，广播者或网络操作者想要控制节目的基本和填补部分的混合。
例如，如图2所示，STB200可以包括解密通用接口(DCI)模块280。DCI模块280位于网络100和观看设备172之间以便对接收节目“去扰频(descramble)”。DCI模块可以通过广播者或网络操作者租给或卖给客户。典型上，DCI280在一个标准的平台上被“更新”。因为客户这时将可能经受信贷检查，DCI模块280可以被设置或“简要(profile)”为与客户的人口统计特性相一致的解码程序。这种方法提出了一种替代的商业模式，它将填补材料的提供者从基本节目的创作者中分离出来。这样，能够控制从不同卖主那里得到DCI模块的客户观看不同的填补节目。
如图7所示，在一个替代的实施例中，本发明适合于采用传统模拟信号工作的节目广播中。在一个模拟网络中，目标为第一观众的节目的基本段和填补段710和720采用第一电路或信道700在网络上传输。目标为第二观众的节目的填补段730通过第二电路或信道701传输。
在填补段中断期间，在第二观众的客户屋内设备处的节目接收被指向第二信道701。在填补段的结束，接收被切换回第一信道700。用于指示在填补段和基本段间转换的信号能够编码在模拟帧同步信号中，或者在以标准模拟射频电视广播所采用的消隐信号(blankingsignals)中。
图8以一种简化形式概括了本发明的装置和功能。在图8中，存在两种节目内容来源，例如节目段。广播者(BC)产生第一段(A和B)811。电缆操作者(CO)820产生第二段(C和D)812。一些段，例如段C和段D被同时产生。表达这些段的信号与一个通用时间基准，例如一个MPEG编码位流的程序时钟基准值，或者一个模拟电视信号的色度(chroma注原文有误)脉冲串同步。为了独立产生的保持信号间的瞬时同步，在不提供内容时间周期内，例如图8中的阴影部分，空闲或“零(null)”信号813能够被传输。
网络100用于把节目传送给STB831-833。在传送时，段可以根据标识的节目内容以及网络和STB的人口统计特性来有选择地混合。该混合可以通过交替地插入段或者仅仅选择用于进一步下游分布的某些段来完成混合。
例如，前端或街区箱(HE/SB)840混合这些段，使STB831接收不同于STB832-833的内容。再有，STB832能够为与其相连的电视选择不同的节目，即使STB831可能与同样的街区箱、前端或卫星相“连接”。
在已经图示和描述了本发明的最佳实施例的时侯，应该懂得在附带的权利要求中所陈述(set out)的本发明的范围内可以进行各种其它的改编和修正。

Claims (12)

1.一种通过网络向客户屋内设备广播节目的方法，包括：
产生节目的第一段，第一段有着第一类的内容；
产生节目的第二段，第二段有着第二类的内容，第二段中至少有一个与另一个第二段同时产生，这些同时产生的第二段具有相互不同的第二类内容；
把第一和第二段作为节目通过网络传输到客户屋内设备；
在传输节目时有选择地合并第一和第二段，该节目具有瞬时相邻第一和第二段，合并后的第一和第二段与一个通用时间基准同步，所选择的合并响应于第一和第二类内容，以及网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况的鉴别。
2.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：
在节目中插入一个替代的第二段，该替代的第二段代替一个传输的第二段，该替代的第二段的内容不同于传输的第二段的第二类内容；并且
选择具有不同内容的替代第二段传输给客户屋内设备。
3.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：
通过网络的单一信道把节目传输到多个客户屋内设备，多个客户屋内设备中的每一个与单一信道相连，同时每个客户屋内设备根据网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况来接收第一和第二(原文有误)段的混合，其特征在于：单一信道具有一个用于传输代表第一和第二段信号的固定带宽，并且还包括：
把同时产生的第二段压缩，使其具有一个大体上匹配于单一信道的固定带宽的信令速率。
4.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：对于每一个第一和第二段，产生多个基本节目码流，该多个基本节目码流包括视频和音频信号，多个基本节目码流中的每一个独立地识别，还包括：
把多个基本节目码流中的每一个分解成多个传输包，每个传输包包括一个包识别器。
5.权利要求4所述的方法还包括：
把多个传输包视为一个节目联合表包、一个节目映射表包或者一个基本码流包，并且其特征在于：
每个节目联合表包包括一个节目号码和相关的基本码流的包识别器，
每个节目映射表包包括一个基本码流包的包识别器的目录，
每个基本码流包包括表示标识的内容的信号，还包括：
根据节目联合表包的节目号，有选择地合并第一和第二段。
6.权利要求5所述的方法还包括：
根据节目映射表包的包识别器的目录，有选择地合并第一和第二段。
7.权利要求5所述的方法还包括：
根据基本码流包的包识别器，有选择地合并第一和第二段。
8.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：
确定网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况；
把网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况存储在存储器中；
在传输第一和第二段，有选择地合并第一和第二段的时候，把第一和第二标识的内容与存储在存储器中的网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况进行比较，这里存储器与网络相连，并且还包括：
在传输第一和第二段以前，把网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况分配到存储器，作为人口统计分布图数据库。
9.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：
在传输第一和第二段前，把第一和第二信号编码为数字信号。
10.权利要求1所述的方法还包括：
在传输第一和第二段前，把第一和第二信号编码为模拟信号，还包括：
通过网络的第一信道传输第一段；
通过网络的第二信道传输第二段；
通过切换客户屋内设备来选择性地合并第一和第二段，从而根据第一和第二段的分类及网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况，或从第一信道，或从第二信道电路接收节目。其特征在于：网络是一个包括前端、次前端及与客户屋内设备相连的街区箱的电缆网络，前端、次前端及街区箱等都包括存储网络和客户屋内设备的人口统计情况的存储器，并且还包括：
在前端、次前端和街区箱有选择地合并第一和第二段。
11.权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：客户屋内设备包括一套带有存储器的置顶箱，并且还包括：
在置顶箱中选择性地合并第一和第二段。
12.一种通过网络的单一信道向客户终端设备广播节目的装置，该网络包括多个分布点，该装置包括：
把广播节目分配到第一和第二段里的装置，节目的第一段和第二段分解(disjoint)并以一种相邻(adjacent)方式瞬时设置，该节目包括标识的内容；
响应于网络和客户屋内设备和内容特性的装置，用于有选择地把第一和第二节目段合并为一个连续的广播码流，并通过网络的单一信道传输。
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