CN1102500C - 透气性含填料的薄膜层压品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种透气抗渗层压品(10),其中包含由一种微孔透气抗渗膜构成的第一薄膜层(14)、一种由含约50~70wt%填料和一种密度低于0.89g/cm3无定型聚合物如一种弹性乙烯聚合物组成的透气含填料膜构成的第二薄膜层(16)以及一种构成透气性外表层的第三纤维层(22),例如纺粘纤维的非织造纤网。该复合层材料可采用热层压方法粘合,其中该层压品的剥离强度超过200g且WVTR超过300壳/米2/天。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含填料的透气薄膜制品。更具体地说,本发明涉及含填料的透气薄膜制品和由其制成的、具有高剥离强度的层压制品。
发明背景
如今有各种各样的能够作为对特殊物质、水和其它液体起抗渗作用而叉能使水汽和空气透过的织物。这类织物通常称作“透气性抗渗层”。透气性抗渗织物已被应用于制作户外用的织物、防雨具、服装、个人护理用品、感染控制用品以及许许多多的其它制品。再则,透气性抗渗织物往往优于非透气性抗渗材料,因为透气性抗渗织物能使水份被捕集到织物的底部并以水汽形式逸出。因此,使用透气性抗渗织物制作的服装通常穿着更舒适,因为水汽从织物迁移透过有助于降低和/或消除因过量捕集的水份贴着皮肤而产生的不舒适感觉。
虽然各种透气抗渗织物在本领域中是已知的,但是有一种特别有用的透气抗渗层包含拉伸的含填料的微孔膜。这样的薄膜一般含有颗粒物或其它物质的填料,然后经过挤压或拉伸而生成微孔网络结构,从而生成穿透薄膜的曲折通道。该薄膜多孔网络结构能让气体和水汽透过薄膜,然而对液体和其它特殊物质又起着抗渗层的作用。薄膜中填料的含量和拉伸程度可加以控制以便制成不同微孔大小和/或分布的网络结构从而赋予织物以所需的透气量。拉伸含填料薄膜的一个实例在McCormack的共同转让的WO专利申请95/16562中作了叙述,其中公开的一种拉伸含填料薄膜包含主要是线型聚烯烃的聚合物、一种粘合剂和约30~80wt%的碳酸钙。该含填料的聚烯烃薄膜可进行拉伸从而赋予该薄膜以透气性。该拉伸后的薄膜随后可与非织造纤网进行层压加工,从而制成一种利用非织造纤网的强度和完整性与拉伸薄膜抗渗性能的层压制品。
薄膜制品,诸如可由含填料薄膜经拉伸或取向处理而制成的那些薄膜制品,在取向方向上常常易于劈裂或撕裂。因此,如上所述,常将拉伸后的含填料薄膜层压到一种支撑层上,以便为薄膜提供附加的强度和完整性。层压品的剥离强度要求足够高以抗拒因进一步加工、运输和/或层压品的贮存而可能引起的脱层。通常,这些因素包括层压品暴露于热和潮湿的环境中。再则,还要求层压品能抗拒因在使用中施加于层压品上的机械应力而可能引起的脱层。例如,含抗渗层压品的服装或尿布的穿戴过程中会因为磨擦、拉扯和制品的其它作用而使层压品遭受应力作用。除了因穿戴而自然产生的应力作用外,如今有许多制品都使用了各种固定件,如带子或钩子以及扣眼系统,这些都会撕扯外层从而造成对层压品的应力作用。加固系统的实例在共同转让的Zehner等人美国专利5,605,735号、Roessler等人的美国专利5,019,073号、Long等人的美国专利5,624,429号以及Roessler等人于1995年9月26日提交的美国专利申请系列号08/534,227中均已公开。因固定件而造成的撕扯结果,许多非织造/薄膜层压品开始剥离或脱层,由此引起薄膜与支撑织物产生分离。在这方面,薄膜一旦与支撑织物分离就变得更加易于劈裂或撕裂。因此,脱层会最终导致抗渗性能的丧失,即产生渗漏性产品。此外,即使当脱层现象出现在抗渗性能不很重要的区域,例如沿产品的边缘出现脱层,这样的脱层在美感上也是不可取的且产生低质量的产品外观。因此,具有良好剥离强度的透气性抗渗层压品是极为需要的。
但是,将薄型透气性薄膜以某种方法层压到一个或多个支撑层上去以达列所需剥离强度而又不降低薄膜的抗渗性能和/或透气性是特别困难的。一般而言,当将两层热塑性材料进行热粘合时,通过提高粘合温度和/或增加整体粘合面积可以获较好的层压效果或较高的剥离强度。在必要温度下使薄膜与支撑层热粘合以达到提高剥离强度的做法往往会造成薄膜上的“烧穿”或针孔,从而降低了抗渗性能。这对于下述一类用途的织物来说当然是极不希望有的事情,在这类织物中薄膜是用作对诸如尿和其它人体分泌物之类物质的抗渗层的;而在更为重要的应用场合,薄膜是用作对危险性物质如血液之类的抗渗层的。此外,点粘合法往往会使粘合区内织物的透气性消失,因而增加整体粘合面积会严重降低层压品的透气性。高温热粘合也会严重降低所得层压品的手感和柔软性。再则,薄的透气薄膜与支撑织物的胶粘层压品往往也同样会由于透气性抗渗层压品所经受的物理和机械应力的作用而遭致脱层。还有,某些胶粘剂会降低层压品的透气性和/或难免使层压品发硬。
因此,客观上需求一种既有良好透气性和抗渗性而又有良好剥离强度的透气性抗渗层压品。再则,客观上需求一种具有良好手感、经久耐用且又可以采用各种各样薄膜和层压结构的透气性抗渗层压品。还有,客观上需求一种可以采用一种有效的方法制造的透气性抗渗层压品,这种制造方法在宽广范围的加工条件和参数下都能起作用。
发明概述
由于本发明所提供的透气抗渗层压品,上述种种需求已得到满足,且本领域技术人员所遇到的各种问题也被克服,该层压品包含一层透气性基膜、一层无定形聚合物透气性中间层和一层粘在中间层上的透气性的纤维外表层。该基膜要求包含一种具有至少100克/米2/天WVTR的透气性微孔抗渗薄膜。该中间层具有第一和第二侧面,要求包含一种密度小于约0.89g/cm3,且填料含量至少为约50wt%的低密度乙烯弹性体的透气性含填料的薄膜,该中间层的第一侧面基本上是连续地粘合到所说基膜上的,而第二侧面与纤维层交叠并粘合到纤维层上。纤维外层要求层压到中间层的第二侧面上,其中所说的层压品的剥离强度为至少200g,且其中整个层压品的WVTR为至少100克/米2/天。
在另一方面,低密度乙烯弹性体组分要求包含乙烯和一种α-烯烃聚合物的共聚物,诸如基本上是线型的聚乙烯。还有,低密度乙烯弹性体要求其密度为约0.86g/cm3~约0.89g/cm3。中间层还可包含一种第二聚烯烃聚合物,例如一种第二乙烯共聚物。要求低密度乙烯弹性体含量占含填料中间层薄膜聚合物部分的至少约50wt%。
在另一方面,透气基膜可包含一种聚烯烃聚合物和填料,要求含填料的线型低密度聚乙烯薄膜是经过拉伸的,以便赋予薄膜透气性。优选,基膜中聚乙烯聚合物的密度大于约0.90g/cm3。基膜和中间膜层最好具有低于约50g/m2的整体基重,而且还要求中间层包含的厚度低于基膜与中间层总厚度的约30%。要求基膜包含约35wt%~约65wt%的填料,如碳酸钙颗粒。在另一方面,要求透气性含填料中间层所含的填料的重量百分数基本上等于和/或高于基膜所含的填料量。
另一方面,透气纤维层可包含非织造织物。要求纤维层包含基重为约8g/m2~约70g/m2的非织造纤网,例如聚丙烯聚合物纤维纺粘纤网。本发明的透气抗渗层压品要求其剥离强度超过200g,甚至要求超过300g和/或500g。还有,该透气抗渗层压品还要求其WVTR超过300克/米2/天、800克/米2/天以及甚至超过1500克/米2/天。可以采取将分别的各层热粘合在一起的办法使外表层层压到粘合层上,即其中至少有一种聚合物是可熔化的。使各层层压起来的合适方法包括但不限于热的、超声的、红外的以及其它类似的粘合方法。基膜、外表层和/或层压品既可以是弹性的,也可是非弹性的。
定义
这里使用的“非织造织物或纤维网”这一术语,系指一种有相互交织但不像针织织物中那样以一种可识别方式交织的个体纤维或线的结构的纤维网。非织造织物或纤维网已经从很多工艺例如熔喷工艺、纺粘工艺、水刺缠结工艺、气流铺置工艺、粘合梳理纤维网工艺形成。
这里使用的“纺粘纤维”这一术语系指分子取向的聚合物材料的小直径纤维。纺粘纤维可通过使熔融热塑性材料从喷丝板的多个细小、通常圆的毛细管挤出成为单丝然后使所挤出单丝的直径迅速缩小而形成,例如,可参阅Appel等人的美国专利No.4,340,563,Dorschner等人的美国专利No.3,692,618,Matsuki等人的美国专利No.3,802,817,Kinney的美国专利Nos.3,338,992和3,341,394,Hartman的美国专利No.3,502,763,Dobo等人的美国专利No.3,542,615和Pike等人的美国专利No.5,382,400。纺粘纤维一般在它们沉积到收集表面上时是不粘的且通常是连续的。纺粘纤维的直径通常约10微米或更粗。但是,细纤维纺粘纤维网(平均纤维直径小于约10微米)可由各种方法获得,其中包括但不限于Marmon等人于1996年11月26日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请No.08/756,426和Pike等人于1995年11月30日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请No.08/565,261中所述的那些方法。
这里使用的“熔喷法纤维”这一术语,系指通过使一种熔融热塑性材料经由多个细小、通常圆的模具毛细管挤出,成为熔融线或单丝,进入集束高速且通常是热的气体(如空气)流中,使熔融热塑性材料的单丝变细以缩小其直径,这样形成的聚合物材料纤维。然后,这些熔喷法纤维由该高速气流携带并沉积在一个收集表面上,形成一种无规分配熔喷法纤维的纤维网。这样一种工艺公开于例如Buntin的美国专利No.3,849,241中。熔喷法纤维可以是连续的也可以是不连续的,平均直径一般小于10微米,而且当沉积到收集表面上时一般是粘的。
这里使用的“多层非织造层压品”这一术语指的是两层或多层非织造层构成的层压品,例如其中某些层是纺粘的而某些层则是熔喷的,例如纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压品。多层非织造层压品的实例在Brock等人的美国专利4,041,203、Perkins等人的美国专利5,178,931和Timmons等人的美国专利5,188,885中已经公开。这样的层压品可以通过在一条移动成形带上按顺序先沉积一层纺粘织物层、然后沉积一层熔喷法织物层、最后沉积另一层纺粘层、然后例如用以下所述的热点粘合方法使该层压品粘结来制作。替而代之的是,这些织物层可以个别地制作,收集成卷,并在一个单独的粘结步骤中组合。
这里使用的“机器方向”或MD这一术语,系指一种织物在其被生产时的方向上的长度。“正交机器方向”或CD这一术语,系指织物的宽度,即总体上垂直于MD的方向。
这里使用的“聚合物”这一术语。一般包括但不限于均聚物,共聚物例如嵌段、接枝、无规和交替共聚,三元共聚物等,以及其共混物和改性物。此外,除非另有专门限制,否则“聚合物”这一术语要包括该分子的一切可能几何构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构和无规对称。
这里使用的“柔性聚烯烃”这一术语系指含有为达到所需结晶度而控制无规立构聚丙烯单元的丙烯基聚合物的聚烯烃材料,正如在Hetzler和Jacobs的题为“含柔性聚烯烃的取向聚合物微孔膜及其制造方法”的美国专利号5,910,136中所述的那种柔性聚烯烃;该专利申请的全文并入本文作为参考。
这里所用的“无定形聚合物”这一术语,当其用于描述作为一种多层膜组分或作为一种单独使用的层的一种粘合层时,指的是一种热塑性聚合物,例如某些密度为约0.85~约0.89且低结晶度例如低于约30%结晶度的聚烯烃。
这里使用的“超声粘合”系指一种诸如借助于像Bornslaeger的美国专利4,374,888中所说明的那样让织物通过超声头与砧辊之间来执行的工艺。
这里使用的“热点粘合”这一术语指的是使一层或多层织物在分立的粘合点上产生粘合。例如,热点粘合通常包括使一层或多层要粘合的织物从加热的两个辊例如一个是刻有图案的辊和一个光滑的压延辊之间通过。该刻有某种图案的辊其图案应能使整个织物不会在其整个表面上粘合,且该砧辊通常是平的。结果,为了功能上以及美学上的理由,已经开发了各种雕刻辊图案。图案的一个实例有许多点,而且是像Hansen和Pennings的美国专利3,855,046中公开的那种HansenPennings或“H&P”图案,有约30%粘合面积(当新粘合时)且有约200个粘合点/平方英寸。这种H&P图案有方点或针粘合区,其中每针的边长为0.038英寸(0.965mm),针与针之间的间隔为0.070英寸(1.778mm),粘合深度为0.023英寸(0.584mm)。所形成图案的粘合区约占29.5%(当新粘合时)。另一种典型的点粘合图案是扩大的Hansen和Pennings或“EHP”粘合图案,它产生15%粘合面积,方针的边长为0.037英寸(0.94mm),针间距为0.097英寸(2.464mm),深度为0.039英寸(0.991mm)。另一种取名为“714”的典型点粘合图案有方针粘合区,其中每针的边长为0.023英寸,针间距为0.062英寸(1.575mm),且粘合深度为0.033英寸(0.838mm)。所形成图案的粘合区约占15%(当新粘合时)。还有另一种常见图案是C-星形图案,其粘合面积约占16.9%。C-星形图案有交叉方向条纹或被流星打断的“灯芯绒”设计。其它常见图案包括一种有重复和稍微偏斜菱形的菱形图案,具有约16%的粘合面积;和一种金属丝编织图案,顾名思义,看上去就像窗纱一样。具有约15%的粘合面积。还有一种图案是“S-波纹”图案,具有约17%的粘合面积(当新粘合时)。典型地说,粘合面积百分率低于约50%而进一步的要求应为织物层压品纤维网面积的约10%到约30%不等。
这里使用的术语“抗渗层”是指对液体相对不透性的、水压头至少50毫巴水的薄膜、层压品或其它织物。这里所用的水压头是指织物对液体的抗渗性能的一种度量。但是,应当指出的是,在抗渗织物,包括本发明的抗渗织物的许多应用中,要求其水压头数值大于约80毫巴,150毫巴或甚至300毫巴水。
这里所用的术语“透气的”指的是一种可透过约100克/米2/24小时最低WVTR水蒸汽的材料。织物的WVTR是水蒸汽透过率,这在一个方面给出了一种织物穿着舒适性的指标。WVTR(水蒸汽透过率)可按下文中指明的方法测定,其结果是以克/米2/天为单位报告的。但是,通常透气抗渗层的应用要求具有较高的WVTR值,而本发明的透气抗渗层的WVTR值超过约300克/米2/天、800克/米2/天、1500克/米2/天,甚至超过3000克/米2/天。
这里使用的“单组分”纤维这一术语,系指只用一种聚合物从一台或多台挤出机形成的一种纤维。这并不意味着排除从一种为了着色、抗静电性能、润滑、亲水性等而向其中添加了少量添加剂的聚合物形成的纤维。这里使用的“多组分纤维”这一术语,系指从分别的挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物但却一起纺制成一种纤维这样而制成的纤维。多组分纤维有时也称为共轭纤维或双组分纤维。多组分纤维的聚合物在该纤维的横截面上排布于基本上恒定位置的独立区域内而且沿着纤维的长度连续地延伸。这样一种共轭纤维的构型可以是例如皮芯排布方式,其中一种聚合物被另一种聚合物所包围,也可以是并列排布、馅饼式(pie)排布或“海一岛”天星式排布。多组分纤维公开于Kaneko等人的美国专利5,108,820、Krueger等人的美国专利4,795,668和Strack等人的美国专利5,336,552中。共轭纤维还公开于Pike等人的美国专利5,382,400中,而且利用两种(或多种)聚合物不同的结晶性质,该共轭纤维可用于造成纤维的卷曲性。卷曲的纤维也可由机械方法制成,以及采用德国专利DT 25 13 251 A1的方法来制造。对于双组分纤维来说,这些聚合物可以75/25、50/50、25/75的比例或任何其它所希望的比例存在。这些纤维还可以具有如Hogle等人的美国专利5,277,976、Hills的美国专利5,466,410和Largman等人的美国专利5,069,970和5,057,368中所述的那些形状,这些专利叙述了非常规形状的各种纤维。
这里使用的“共混物”这一术语指的是两种或多种聚合物的混合物;而术语“合金”则指的是一种子类(sub-class)共混物,其中各组分是相混的且可相互兼容。
这里使用的“双组分复合纤维(biconstituent fibers)”或“多组分复合纤维”指的是从同一挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物以一种共混物形式所制成的纤维。术语“共混物”定义如上。双组分复合纤维没有在该纤维横截面内排布成相对恒定位置的独立区域的不同聚合物组分且不同聚合物通常沿纤维的整体长度上是不连续的。而常常代之以形成原纤(fibrils)或原生微纤(prolofibrils),其起止都是没有规律的。双组分和双组分复合纤维的讨论也可参阅教科书Polymer Blendsand Composites(聚合物掺合物和复合材料),John A.Manson和Leslie H.Sperling著,1976年版权,Plenum出版社(纽约Plenum出版公司的一个分部)出版,IBSN 0-306-30831-2,第273-277页。
这里使用的“粘合窗口”这一术语指的是用于使非织造织物粘合一起的机器如一对加热的粘合辊的温度范围,在此温度范围内这样的粘合是成功的。
这里使用的“稀松布(scrim)”这一术语指的是用作衬底材料的低重量的织物。稀松布通常用作涂层产品或层压品的基布。
这里所用的“服装”这一术语,系指可以穿戴的任何类型的非医用衣服。这包括工业工作服和衣裤相连的工作服,内衣、裤子、衬衫、夹克衫、手套、袜子等。
这里使用的“感染控制用品”这一术语,系指面向医疗的物品,例如外科手术用大褂和布帘、面罩、头盖如向外鼓起的帽子、外科手术帽和头罩,脚上穿戴用品如鞋盖、靴盖和拖鞋,伤口包扎用品、绷带、灭菌包、抹布、服装如实验室外衣、罩衣、围裙和夹克,患者床上用品,担架和小孩睡床盖单等。
这里使用的“个人护理用品”这一术语,系指尿布、训练(婴幼儿便溺用)裤、吸收性衬裤、成人失禁用品和妇女卫生用品。这类产品通常包括外覆盖层和内吸收剂层。
这里使用的“防护罩”这一术语,系指用于诸如汽车、卡车、舟艇、飞机、摩托车、自行车、高尔夫球推车等之类的运载器的覆盖物,以及经常要放置于户外的设备,如格栅、庭院和花园用的设备(割草机、农机具等)和草坪家俱的覆盖物,以及铺地材料、桌布和野餐用的地面覆盖物。
附图简述
图1是本发明的透气抗渗层压品的一个剖面视图。
图2是本发明的透气抗渗层压品的一个剖面视图。
图3是制造本发明透气抗渗层压品的生产线示意图。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种透气抗渗的层压品10(参照图1),它包含一种多层膜12和一种外表纤维层22。该多层膜12可包含第一透气基层14和相邻的透气中间层16。透气中间层16含有第一侧面18和第二侧面20。该外表纤维层22是贴合于透气中间层16的第二侧面20上的,而该透气基层14是贴合于透气中间层16的第一侧面18上的。
透气基层包含透气薄膜,例如,透气基层可包含WVTR大于100克/米2/天的微孔膜,最好其WVTR超过300克/米2/天、800克/米2/天、1500克/米2/天或甚至超过3000克/米2/天。透气基层12可以采用本领域已知的任何一种方法制造。要求第一透气抗渗层包含拉伸过的含填料薄膜,其中包含一种热塑性聚合物和填料。这些(及其它)组分可以混合在一起,经过加热然后挤压成单层或多层薄膜。含填料的薄膜可以采用本领域已知的任何一种薄膜成型工艺进行制造,例如采用浇注或吹塑薄膜的设备。最好,透气基膜和透气中间层是采用例如共挤出的方法同时成型来制造的。作为一个例子,制造多层膜的方法公开于美国专利4,522,203、美国专利4,494,629、美国专利4,734,324和WO 96/19346中;这些专利的全部内容均并入本文作为参考。
在一种优选的实施方案中,基层是一种包含由一种热塑性聚合物制成的薄膜的透气抗渗层,该薄膜至少在一个方向上是经过拉伸的。由此降低了薄膜的薄度或厚度。在制造本发明薄膜中所用的热塑性聚合物包括但不限于聚烯烃,包括均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物及它们的混合物。此外,柔性聚烯烃或“聚烯烃为基料”的薄膜相信也适用于本发明。为本发明的目的起见,假如该薄膜的聚合物部分除了任何填料物之外还含有至少50wt%的聚烯烃,则认为该聚合物是以“聚烯烃为基料”的。另外一些可适用于本发明的制膜聚合物,可单独地或与其它聚合物混合使用的有乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)、乙烯-丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物(EnBA)、聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、尼龙、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚丁烯(PB)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)。但是,聚烯烃聚合物则是优选的,例如乙烯和丙烯的聚合物以及它们的共聚物、三元共聚物和共混物;这些实例包括但不限于线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和乙烯-丙烯共聚物的共混物。
除了热塑性聚合物外,透气拉伸-含填料的薄膜还可包含填料,以便赋予拉伸薄膜以透气性。这里所用的术语“填料”指的是包括颗粒料和/或其它形式的物料,这些填料可以加入到薄膜的聚合物挤出共混物中而又不会对挤出的薄膜产生化学干扰或不良影响,同时又能均匀地分散于整个薄膜中。通常,填料是以颗粒形式存在的,其平均粒径为约0.1~约10μm,最好为约0.1~约4μm。这里所用的术语“粒径”指的是填料颗粒的最大尺寸或长度。无论是有机的还是无机的填料都适用于本发明,只要这些填料不干扰制膜工艺和/或后续的层压工艺就行。填料的实例包括碳酸钙(CaCO3)、各种粘土、硅石(SiO2)、氧化铝、硫酸钡、滑石、硫酸镁、二氧化钛、沸石、硫酸铝、纤维素类粉料、硅藻土、石膏、硫酸镁、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、高岭土、云母、碳黑、氧化镁、氢氧化铝、纸浆粉、木粉、纤维素衍生物、聚合物颗粒料、甲壳质和甲壳质衍生物。填料颗粒可任选涂有脂肪酸,例如硬脂酸或山萮酸,和/或其它物质,以使颗粒料(堆积中)易于自由流动并易于分散在聚合物中,以基膜为参照物,含填料的薄膜通常要含至少约35%的以基膜层总重量为基准计的填料,更优选的是约45~约65wt%的填料。
此外,基膜可任选含有一种或几种稳定剂。要求含填料薄膜含有抗氧剂,例如受阻酚稳定剂。市售的抗氧剂包括但不限于IRGANOXTM E17(α-生育酚)和IRGANOXTM 1076(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸十八烷基酯),这些物质购自纽约州特里顿市的“Ciba SpecialtyChemicals”公司。要求在挤出之前向聚合物基料中加入约100~1000ppm的稳定剂。(以含填料薄膜总重量为基准计的每百万份的份额。)此外,其它的稳定剂或为成膜工艺、拉伸工艺及任何后续的层压步骤所容许的一类助剂也可用于本发明。例如,可加入其它的一些助剂以赋予薄膜所需的特性,例如熔体稳定剂、加工稳定剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、热老化稳定剂和本领域技术人员所知的其它助剂。一般而言,亚磷酸盐稳定剂(例如,购自纽约州特里顿市“Ciba SpecialtyChemicals”公司的IRGAFOSTM168和购自俄亥俄州多佛市多佛化学品公司的DOVERPHOSTM)都是良好的熔体稳定剂,而受阻胺稳定剂(例如购自纽约州特里顿市“Ciba Specialty Chemicals”公司的CHIMASSORBTM944和119)都是良好的热和光稳定剂。
透气性中间层16包含至少两种组分,包括无定型聚合物组分和填料。聚合物组分要求包含一种低密度乙烯弹性体,其中包括密度低于约0.89g/cc、优选的为约0.86g/cc~约0.88g/cc而更优选的为约0.87g/cc的乙烯共聚物。要求乙烯弹性体包含基本上线型的聚乙烯。乙烯弹性体优选包含中间层聚合物部分的至少约50wt%,而更优选的为约70wt%~100wt%。优选的乙烯弹性体包含一种由乙烯单体与一种α-烯烃聚合而成的聚合物,而所得的聚合物组成具有约2的窄分子量分布(Mw/Mn),且含有均匀支链的和受控长支链的。合适的α-烯烃包括但不限于辛烯-1、丁烯-1、己烯-1和4-甲基戊烯。聚合物的实例包括采用“茂金属”“限制性几何构型”或“单一活性点”型催化剂制备的那些聚合物,例如在Obijeski等人的美国专利No.5,472,775、Erderly等人的美国专利5,451,450、Kaminsky等人的美国专利5,204,429、Etherton等人的美国专利5,539,124和Krishnamurti等人的美国专利5,554,775中对这些催化剂均有叙述;这些专利的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
茂金属工艺一般使用茂金属催化剂,后者是用一种助催化剂活化即离子化的。茂金属催化剂的实例包括二氯化二(正丁基环戊二烯基)钛、二氯化二(正丁基环戊二烯基)锆、氯化二(环戊二烯基)钪、二氯化二(茚基)锆、二氯化二(甲基环戊二烯基)钛、二氯化二(甲基环戊二烯基)锆、二茂钴、三氯化环戊二烯基钛、二茂铁、二氯化二茂铪、二氯化异丙基(环戊二烯基-1-芴基)锆、二氯化二茂钼、二茂镍、二氯化二茂铌、二茂钌、二氯化二茂钛、氢·氯化二茂锆、二氯化二茂锆、及其它。一份更详尽的此类化合物清单包含在Rosen等人发明并转让给道化学公司的美国专利5,374,696中。这样的化合物在Stevens等人发明而且也转让给道化学公司的美国专利5,064,802中也有讨论。但是,许多其它的茂金属、单一活性点的和/或类似的催化剂体系也是本领域所熟知的;参见例如《Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology》,Kirk-Othemer,第四版,第17卷第765~767页,“烯烃聚合物”一节(John Wiley & Sons出版社,1996年)。
关于茂金属基高弹体聚合物,Kaminsky等人的美国专利5,204,429描述了一种工艺,该工艺可利用一种本身是立体刚性手性茂金属类过渡金属化合物和铝烷的催化剂从环状链烯烃和线型链烯烃产生弹性共聚物。该聚合是在一种惰性溶剂例如一种脂族或环脂族烃如甲苯中进行的。该反应也可以利用要聚合的单体作为溶剂而在气相中进行。均为Lai等人发明、转让给道化学公司且题为“弹性的、基本上线型的链烯烃聚合物”的美国专利5,278,272和5,272,236描述了有特殊弹性性能的聚合物,这些专利的全部内容并入本文作为参考。合适的低密度乙烯弹性体可购自密歇根州米德兰市的道化学公司,其商品名为AFFINITYTM,包括AFFINITYTM EG 8200(5MI)、XU58200.02(30MI)、XU 58300.00(10MI);以及购自得克萨斯州休斯敦市的埃克森化学公司,其商品名为EXACTTM 4049(4.5MI,0.873g/cc)、4011(2.2MI,0.888g/cc)、4041(3MI,0.878g/cc)、4006(10MI,0.88g/cc)。
除了无定形聚合物外,中间层的聚合物组分还可包含高达约50wt%,优选1%-约50%的一种或几种其它的聚合物。因此,中间层还可包含其它的热塑性聚合物,优选的是聚烯烃,而更优选的是包含共混物和/或乙烯和/或丙烯的共聚物。这类聚合物的实例包括但不限于聚乙烯(均聚物)、线型低密度聚乙烯、EVA、EMA、EnBA、柔性聚烯烃和/或乙烯-丙烯和乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物。在一种实施方案中,低密度乙烯弹性体是与第二种密度大于0.90g/cm3,优选为约0.90~约0.95g/cm3的聚乙烯聚合物共混的。还有一些市售的聚烯烃聚合物组分包括但不限于Himont Catalloy Polymer KS 350、KS 357和KS 359。HimontCatalloy聚合物是一种烯烃多步骤反应产物,其中无定形的乙烯-丙烯无规共聚物是以分子状态分散于一种主要为半结晶的高丙烯单体含量/低乙烯单体含量的连续基体中的,其实例在Ogale的美国专利No.5,300,365中已有叙述。此外,中间层还可包括热熔性胶粘树脂,要求其熔体粘度为100,000mPa·秒或更高。适合本发明使用的、可用作热熔性胶粘剂的市售无定形聚烯烃包括但不限于由犹他州盐湖城的Huntsman公司生产的REXTACTM乙烯-丙烯APAO E-4和E-5及丁烯-丙烯BM-4、BH-5和2503-3A,以及德国马尔市的Huls AG公司生产的VESTOPLASTTM 792。这些无定型聚烯烃通常是采用齐格勒-纳塔型载体催化剂和烷基铝助催化剂合成的且所用的烯烃如丙烯是与不同含量的乙烯、丁烯-1、己烯-1或其它物料混合一起进行聚合以制成主要为无规的碳氢链。要求热熔性胶粘树脂同样具有低于0.89g/cm3的密度,同时还具有低的Tg(低于约-10℃)以便改善柔软性和强度。
此外,中间层的聚合物组分还可包含另外的助剂或稳定剂,例如以上有关透气性基层中所讨论的那些。再则,该聚合物组分还可包含各种填充剂、石蜡和其它助剂。为此,在加工共挤出膜中最好所说的另外的聚合物应有大于100,000mPa·秒的相似的熔体粘度。组分的熔体粘度可采用添加本领域技术人员所熟知的填充剂和石蜡的办法予以改变。
中间层的填料组分可包含那些在种类和含量方面与以上有关基膜中所讨论的、涉及透气拉伸含填料薄膜问题时所述的那些填料相类似的填料。在透气性基层包含一种含填料薄膜的情况下,要求中间层包含至少约相同wt%的填料,甚至还要求所含的填料的wt%大于透气性基层的填料含量。要求透气性中间层包含至少45wt%的填料,甚至要求含约50wt%~约70wt%的填料。
多层膜12在拉伸之前要求其基重低于约100g/m2,甚至要求低于约60g/m2。在经过拉伸之后,要求该多层膜的基重低于60g/m2,甚至要求为约15~35g/m2。通常,这种较低基重的薄膜厚度为约15μm~约30μm。基膜要求占多层薄膜厚度的约50%~约98%,而中间含填料薄膜要求占该多层膜总厚度的约2%~约50%;更优选的为占约5%~约20%。
纤维层可包含任何一种能层压到多层膜上并提供所要求支撑强度的透气性材料。纤维层可包含例如非织造纤维网、多层非织造层压品、稀松布、织造的织物和/或其它类似材料。要求支撑织物包含一层或多层纺粘的和/或熔喷纤维网。可以根据要求选择热塑性聚合物的组成以便获得一种所需性质的材料,这些性质即手感、美感、抗张强度、成本、耐磨性、钩结性等。再则,纤维层可进一步进行加工处理,例如压花、水刺缠结、机械柔软处理、印花或其它方法的处理以便获得所需的美感、手感或其它特性。为此,有可能在非织造纤维网上压制各种各样的引人入胜的图案,这对于许多制品例如婴儿尿布的外表层来说是尤其需要的。在一种实施方案中,所说外表层包含约10g/m2~约70g/m2的聚丙烯纺粘纤维网,其上印有图案和/或压印有图案,而更优选含有10g/m2~约30g/m2的纤维网。
在本发明的再一方面并参照图2,所说透气抗渗层压品50可包含一种多层膜52和层压在该多层膜52相反两面的外表层58a和58b。该外表层可包含类似于上述有关外表纤维层的材料。当多层膜52的两侧面上都进行层压时,通常要求该多层膜52包含至少一种第一透气基膜54和在该基膜层54相反的两面上的透气的中间层56a和56b。要求中间层56a和56b的第一侧面粘合到基膜54上,而其第二侧面分别粘合到外表层58a和58b上。基膜54的组成相当于上述的透气基层14,而中间层56a和56b的组成可相当于上述的中间层16。但是,在所说多层膜包含两层中间层的情况下,要求该两层膜的厚度之和不要超过该多层膜总厚度的约50%,而优选的是该两中间层的厚度之和约占该多层膜总厚度的约5~约20%。
参照图3,此乃制造本发明透气抗渗层压品的生产线的一个示意图。参见图3,多层膜11系由共挤出薄膜成型设备100制成的,例如如上所述的浇注或吹塑机组。通常,设备100要包括两台或多台聚合物挤出机102。未经拉伸的多层膜11被挤入到一对夹辊或冷却辊104中,该对夹辊之一可以刻有图案,以便赋予新制成的多层膜11以嵌入式的图案。采用如图1所示的两层膜结构,该未经拉伸的多层膜11的基重可以低于约100g/m2,而更优选的为约60g/m2。
该未经拉伸的膜11从共挤出膜设备100出来之后被导入到一个膜拉伸机组106,例如机械定向拉幅机,这种设备可从诸如罗得岛普罗维登斯市的Marshall & Williams公司等销售商处购得。该设备106有多个预热和拉伸辊,这些辊使未经拉伸的多层膜11在整个加工过程中沿膜的机器方向即膜11的前进方向上受到拉伸并变薄。该膜可进行一次或多次拉伸操作而进行拉伸。再则,该膜还可进行多向拉伸(例如双轴拉伸)。参见图3,加热辊108a和108b可用作预热辊。慢速辊110也可以加热并以低于快速辊112的转速运行。相邻辊的不同速度的作用在于使多层膜11受到拉伸作用。经过拉伸之后,可让该多层膜稍微收缩和/或采用一个或几个加热辊如退火辊114进一步加热或退火。通常要求采用一个温度高于中间层中无定型聚合物组分熔点的加热辊来加热该多层膜。因此,当使用高于此温度的加热辊时,加热辊应与相反的表面(例如透气基膜)接触。经过拉伸后的多层膜12从膜拉伸机组106出来之后,要求其基重低于约60g/m2,而更优选的基重为约15~约35g/m2。
将多层膜12贴合于一层或几层诸如纤维层22的外表层上,以制成一种多层膜/非织造织物的层压品10。再参见图3,一种常规的非织造纤维网制造设备110,例如一对纺粘机器,可用于制造外表纤维层22。长的、基本上连续的纺粘纤维112以一种未粘合的网膜116的形式沉积在成形金属网114上,然后被送入到一对挤压和/或粘合辊118中,以使该纤维网增加足够的整体性以满足进一步的加工要求。一旦多层膜11被拉伸成足够薄的程度且纤维层22也已制成,就将它们复合起来并采用一种诸如一对加热粘合辊116的粘合机使其产生彼此的点粘合。粘合辊116需要进行加热,而且至少其中一个辊是刻有图案的以便在制成的层压品10的规定粘合表面积内产生一种分立的粘合图案。通常,层压品10的一个侧面的最大粘合点表面积不应超过该层压品所说侧面总表面积的约50%,而最好为占该总表面积的约5~30%。有许多分立的粘合图案可用于本发明。例如在上述有关点粘合中所引述的C-星形图案以及Brock等人的美国专利No.4,041,203中所述的那些图案。当层压品10从粘合或层压辊116中出来时,就可以将其缠绕到卷绕辊120上。或者,可将层压品10在生产线上继续作进一步的加工和/或转化。
图3所示的工艺还可用于制造一种如附图2所示的多层层压品50。将第二纤维层输入到层压辊中与多层膜的一侧面接触而其相反的一面对着第一纤维层,这样做就能制成层压品50。供应第一和/或第二支撑层可借助预成形辊的作用,也可直接在生产线上完成。此外,维持加热辊在低于无定型聚合物的熔点下与中间层接触有助于防止薄膜粘黏到拉伸机组上。
本发明的抗渗层压品既可用制造防护覆盖物、感染控制用品、个人护理用品、服装及其它要求具备抗渗性和透气性的制品,也可构成这些制品的组成部分。举例来说,抗渗层压品可用于如下用途:尿布或成人失禁服装的衬里或外覆层,如Enloe的美国专利No.5,415,644中所述;或手术大褂的衬里或外覆层,如Morrell等人的美国专利4,823,404中所述。
测试方法
水压头(Hydrohead):织物的液体抗渗性能的一种量度是水压头测试。水压头测试测定该织物在液体透过之前能抵御的水的高度或水压的大小(毫巴)。水压头读数越高的织物表明它对液体渗透的抗性大于水压头较低的织物。水压头测试是按照联邦测试标准No.191A方法5514进行的。本发明所引用的水压头数据是采用类似于上述联邦测试标准的测试方法得到的,所不同的是作了如下修正。本发明所说的水压头测定是采用一种购自北卡罗来纳州康科德市的MarloEnterprises公司的水静压头测试仪。试样经受标准水压的作用,并以恒定速率增加水压直至在三个分离的区域内的织物表面上出现第一个渗漏信号。(靠近夹子的边缘处的渗漏略去不计。)未加支撑的织物如一种薄膜可加以支撑以防止试样过早破裂。
熔体指数:熔体指数(MI)是聚合物粘度的一种量度。MFR表示为在测量时间内的规定负荷或剪切速率下物料从已知直径的毛细管中流出的重量,并按照ASTM测试法1238-90b在190℃和2160g负荷下进行测量,以克数/10分钟为单位度量。
WVTR:样品材料的水蒸汽透过率(WVTR)是按照ASTM标准E96-80进行计算的。从每一片待测材料和一片购自新泽西州萨默维尔市的Hoechst Celanese公司的CELGARDTM 2500薄膜对照样上剪下直径为3英寸的若干圆形试样。CELGARDTM 2500薄膜是一种微孔聚丙烯薄膜。每种材料各制备三块试样。测试盘是一个购自宾夕法尼亚州费城的Albert仪器公司的编号为60-1的蒸汽测定仪盘。向每一个蒸汽测定仪盘中倒入100毫升水。将待测材料和对照样材料的各个试样横置于各个盘的敞口顶部。旋紧法兰盘盖使盘的边缘形成密封,让有关的待测材料或对照材料暴露于大气压下,暴露部分是一个直径为6.5cm、面积约33.17cm2的圆。将每个盘都置于100°F(32℃)的至气加压炉内1小时使之达到平衡。该炉子是一个恒温炉,有外来的循环空气从中通过以防止水蒸汽在炉内凝集。一种合适的空气加压炉例如是一种购自伊利诺斯州布卢艾兰市的Blue M Electric公司的Blue MPower-O-Matic 60炉。平衡完成之后,从炉中取出这些盘,称重后立即将它们送回炉中。24小时后,从炉中取出这些盘并再次称重。初始测试的水蒸汽透过率值按照以下方程式(I)计算:
(I)测试样的WVTR=(24小时克重损失)×315.5克/米2/24小时炉内的相对湿度未加专门控制。
在100°F(32℃)和室内相对湿度的预设定的条件下,CELGARDTM2500对照样的WVTR被规定为5000克/米2/24小时。因此,每次测试都包含对照样且初始测试值可采用以下方程式(II)对设定条件进行校止:
(II)WVTR=(测试样WVTR/对照样WVTR)×(5000克/米2/24小时)
剥离测试:在剥离 或脱层测试中,对一种层压品进行张力测试,即测定将层压品各层撕开所需的力。采用规定的织物宽度、颚形夹宽度和恒定的拉伸速率以求得剥离强度值。对于有薄膜一侧的样品,样品的薄膜一侧用胶粘带或某些其它合适材料盖住以防薄膜在测试过程中剥离。胶粘带只贴在层压品的一个侧面,因而对试样的剥离强度没有贡献。这种测试使用两个夹子,每个夹子都有两个颚片,而每一颚片都有一面与试样接触,以使试样材料保持在同一平面内,通常是垂直的,从剥离2英寸时开始测试。试样尺寸为4英寸宽,其长度由测定样品的足够长度所决定 。颚夹片的接触面尺寸为1英寸高、至少4英寸宽,且恒定的拉伸速率为300毫米/分钟。用手将试样剥开足够程度以使夹子夹到位,同时以规定的拉伸速率将夹子拉开以使层压品剥离。将试样的两层之间拉开成180°,而剥离强度则以克为单位取平均的峰负荷值作出报告。从层压品被撕开16mm开始测量力值,一直持续进行到剥离总长度达170mm为止。由Sintech公司(北卡罗纳州27513,谢尔登市1001,Dr.Cary街)出产的Sintech 2测试仪、由Instron公司(马萨堵塞州02021,坎顿市,2500华盛顿街)出产的Instron ModelTM测试仪或由Thwing-Albert仪器公司(宾夕法尼亚州19154,费城,Dutton路10960)出产的Thwing-Albert Model INTELLECT II测试仪均可用于此测试。以三个试样的平均结果给出报告且可以用试样的横向(CD)或机器方向(MD)进行测试。
实施例1
采用共挤出法制成一张55g/m2的多层膜。粘合层含55%涂有硬脂酸的SUPECOATTM CaCO3、45wt% DoW AFFINITYTMEG 8200低密度弹性聚乙烯(茂金属催化的,0.87g/cm3,熔体指数5.0g)。基层含50%涂有硬脂酸的SUPERCOATTM CaCO3、45% DOWLEXTM NG3310线型低密度聚乙烯(0.918g/cm3,熔体指数3.5g)、5% Dow 4012LDPE(0.916g/cm3,熔体指数12g)和B 900稳定剂(购自Ciba-Geigy公司)。中间层占多层薄膜总厚度的约10%。
共挤出的多层膜采用MDO拉伸机组在机器方向上以单区段拉伸操作方式进行拉伸。该多层膜被拉伸成原始长度的384%。在拉伸之前,该薄膜经过一组120°F的预热辊进行了预加热,慢速辊的温度为150°F而快速辊的温度为70℃。经拉伸后的多层膜又经过另外一个180°F的辊进行退火,但不再施加拉伸力。退火后的膜随同一张丙烯聚合物纺粘纤维的非织造纤网一起被送进热点粘合机的夹辊中。该非织造纤网包含20g/m2(0.6盎司/码2)的由丙烯共聚物(3.5%乙烯)组成的、约2.0旦的纺粘纤维。该非织造纤网在与所说拉伸膜一起进入夹辊之前,其自身已经过热点粘合而带上S-波纹形图案。粘合后的非织造纤网和拉伸膜采用一个200°F下的热轧花辊和一个190°F光滑的钢砧辊进行层压粘合,辊夹的压力为50psi。该轧花辊采用一种幼儿用品图案,该图案赋予层压品约15%的粘合面积。
所制得的层压品的基重为42g/m2,MD剥离强度为307g(破坏性脱层),无支撑的水压头为88毫巴,WVTR为1195克/米2/天。
实施例2
用共挤出法制成一张55g/m2浇注“AB”膜。粘合层含60%涂有硬脂酸的SUPERCOATTM CaCO3(购自English China Clay公司,亚拉巴马州,Sylacauga市)、20wt%的DoW AFFINITYTM EG 8200低密度弹性聚乙烯(0.87g/m3,5MI)和20%VESTOPLASTM792(无定型富含丙烯的聚α-烯烃,0.865g/cc,190℃下的熔体粘度为125,000毫帕·秒-德国工业标准53019) (购自Hüls美国公司,新泽西州,萨默塞特市)。基膜含50%涂有硬脂酸的SUPERCOATTM CaCO3、45%DOWLEXTMNG3310线型低密度聚乙烯(0.916g/cm3,3.5MI)和5%Dow 4012 LDPE(0.916g/cm3,12MI)。外表层或粘合层占基膜与粘合层总厚度的约10%。
采用MDO拉伸机组,在机器方向上,以单区段拉伸操作方式对共挤出的多层膜进行拉伸。该多层膜被拉伸成其原始长度的380%。在拉伸之前,该多层膜经过一组120°F的预热辊的预热处理,其中慢速辊为150°F,快速辊为70°F。经拉伸后的多层膜经过另一个180°F的辊进行退火,但不再施加张力。将退火后的膜连同丙烯聚合物纺粘纤维的非织造纤网一起送入热点粘合机的辊夹中。该非织造纤网含20g/m2(0.6盎司/码2)的由丙烯共聚物(3.5%乙烯)组成的、2.0旦的纺粘纤维。该非织造纤网在与拉伸膜一起送入辊夹之前,本身经过热点粘合而带有S-波纹形图案。粘合后的非织造纤网和拉伸膜,采用一个200°F的热轧花辊和一个190°F的光滑钢砧辊进行层压粘合,辊夹压力为50psi。轧花辊采用幼儿用品图案,该图案赋予层压品以15%的粘合面积。
所制得的层压品的基重为39g/m2,MD剥离强度为1340g(破坏性脱层),无支撑的水压头为92毫巴,WVTR为272克/米2/天。
虽然各种专利和其它资料已并入本文作为参考,但在某种程度上,所并入的资料内容与本文所写的说明内容之间仍存在一些不一致之处,所以本文所写的有关说明内容将作为参考。此外,虽然本发明已引证其中的具体实施方案作了详尽叙述,但本领域的技术人员应当明白,本发明可以作各种改变、修正及其它变化,而这并不偏离本发明的精神和范围。因此申明,权利要求书中已函盖了由所附的权利要求书所包括的所有这类修正、改变及其它变化。
Claims (29)
1.一种透气抗渗的层压品,包含:
一层包含热塑性聚合物的透气性基膜,所说基膜的WVTR为至少100克/米2/天;
一层包含无定形聚合物和至少约50wt%填料的透气性中间层,所说中间层具有第一和第二侧面,其中所说的第一侧面是粘合于所说的基膜上的,所说无定形聚合物包含乙烯与一种α-烯烃的共聚物,且其密度小于0.89g/cm3;及
一层粘合于所说中间膜的第二侧面上的透气性纤维层,其中所说的层压品的剥离强度为至少200g,且其中该层压品的WVTR为至少约100克/米2/天和水压头至少为50毫巴。
2.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的乙烯聚合物包含由乙烯与选自辛烯-1、己烯-1、丁烯-1和4-甲基-戊烯的α-烯烃的共聚物。
3.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的中间膜的无定形聚合物包含基本上线型的聚乙烯。
4.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种拉伸的含填料聚烯烃薄膜,其WVTR超过300克/米2/天,且其中所说的层压品是点粘合的,其WVTR超过300克/米2/天。
5.权利要求4的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种密度大于约0.90g/cm3的聚乙烯聚合物。
6.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的中间膜的所说无定形聚合物包含一种密度为约0.86g/cm3~0.89g/cm3的乙烯弹性体,且其中所说的中间膜包含1~约50wt%的一种第二聚烯烃聚合物。
7.权利要求6的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的第二聚烯烃聚合物包含密度大于0.90g/cm3的聚乙烯聚合物。
8.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说基膜和所说的中间膜的总基重低于60g/m2且其中所说的中间层占所说基膜与所说中间膜总厚度的约2%-约20%。
9.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的中间层包含约50~约65wt%的填料,且其中该中间层占该中间膜与该基膜总厚度的约30%以下。
10.权利要求9的透气层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种聚烯烃聚合物和约35~约65wt%的填料。
11.权利要求10的透气层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种聚乙烯聚合物和填料。
12.权利要求11的透气层压品,其中所说的中间膜所含填料的重量百分含量高于所说的基膜。
13.权利要求11的透气层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种密度大于0.90g/cm3的乙烯聚合物。
14.权利要求13的透气层压品,其中所说的层压品的WVTR超过800g/m2/天。
15.权利要求8的透气层压品,其中所说的层压品的剥离强度超过300g。
16.权利要求13的透气层压品,其中所说的层压品的剥离强度超过500g。
17.权利要求3的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的基膜包含一种密度大于0.90g/cm3的线型低密度乙烯聚合物,且其中所说的层压品是经过点粘合的,而其剥离强度超过300g。
18.权利要求17的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的纤维层包含一种丙烯聚合物纤维的非织造纤维网。
19.权利要求18的透气层压品,其中所说的非织造纤维网包含纺粘纤维。
20.权利要求13的透气层压品,其中所说的纤维层包含一种丙烯聚合物纤维的非织造纤维网,且其中所说的层压品是经过点粘合的,且其剥离强度超过约300g。
21.权利要求8的透气层压品,其中所说基膜与所说中间膜的总基重低于约60g/m2,且其中所说的层压品的剥离强度超过500g。
22.权利要求1的透气层压品,其中所说基膜与所说中间膜的总基重低于约60g/m2,且其中所说的层压品的剥离强度超过300g,WVTR超过800克/米2/天。
23.权利要求1的透气层压品,其中所说的中间膜包含50%~约70%的填料,且其中所说中间层还含有一种第二乙烯共聚物。
24.权利要求23的透气层压品,其中所说的第二乙烯共聚物选自乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯、乙烯-丙烯和乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物。
25.权利要求1的透气层压品,其中所说层压品的WVTR超过800g/m2/天。
26.权利要求25的透气层压品,其中所说层压品的剥离强度超过500g。
27.权利要求23的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的中间膜占所说基膜与所说中间膜总厚度的约15%以下,而且其中所说基膜与所说中间膜的总基重低于60g/m2。
28.权利要求1的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的透气性纤维层包含一种非织造纤网,且其中所说的中间膜与非织造织物纤网是由许多分立的粘合点粘合在一起的,该粘合点的面积低于所说层压品表面积的约50%。
29.权利要求5的透气抗渗层压品,其中所说的透气纤维层包含非织造纤网,且其中所说的非织造纤网是经过点粘合的,还有其中所说的粘合点面积低于所说层压品表面积的约50%。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/929,562 US6045900A (en) | 1997-09-15 | 1997-09-15 | Breathable filled film laminate |
US08/929,562 | 1997-09-15 |
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CN1270555A CN1270555A (zh) | 2000-10-18 |
CN1102500C true CN1102500C (zh) | 2003-03-05 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN98809108A Expired - Lifetime CN1102500C (zh) | 1997-09-15 | 1998-09-15 | 透气性含填料的薄膜层压品 |
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US (1) | US6045900A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1023172B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100563877B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1102500C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR017055A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU738863B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9811627A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2301814C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69838395T2 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID24171A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL339299A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2192512C2 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR200000706T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999014047A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA987679B (zh) |
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- 1998-09-15 PL PL98339299A patent/PL339299A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-15 DE DE69838395T patent/DE69838395T2/de not_active Revoked
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- 1998-09-15 AU AU93906/98A patent/AU738863B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-09-15 KR KR1020007002666A patent/KR100563877B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69838395T2 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
RU2192512C2 (ru) | 2002-11-10 |
EP1023172A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
ID24171A (id) | 2000-07-13 |
PL339299A1 (en) | 2000-12-04 |
CN1270555A (zh) | 2000-10-18 |
WO1999014047A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
KR100563877B1 (ko) | 2006-03-28 |
US6045900A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
CA2301814C (en) | 2006-11-21 |
ZA987679B (en) | 1999-02-25 |
CA2301814A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
AR017055A1 (es) | 2001-08-22 |
BR9811627A (pt) | 2000-09-19 |
AU738863B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
AU9390698A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
DE69838395D1 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
TR200000706T2 (tr) | 2000-07-21 |
KR20010023957A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
EP1023172B1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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