CN1096151A - 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端 - Google Patents

电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1096151A
CN1096151A CN93120184A CN93120184A CN1096151A CN 1096151 A CN1096151 A CN 1096151A CN 93120184 A CN93120184 A CN 93120184A CN 93120184 A CN93120184 A CN 93120184A CN 1096151 A CN1096151 A CN 1096151A
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program
subscriber
top terminal
menu
control information
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CN1137579C (zh
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约翰·S·亨德里克斯
艾尔弗雷德·E·邦纳
理查德·E·旺德里奇
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Warner Bros Discovery Inc
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发现通讯公司
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Abstract

一种用于可建议电视观看节目的电视节目发送 系统(200)的新颖的重编程序的机上终端(220),可 向节目预订者建议选择及演示观看节目的方法及装 置。此发明特别对具有上百个节目演示频道的电视 节目发送系统(200)有用,此系统并具有菜单驱动程 序选择系统,和载有数据并可识别可提供的节目选择 的节目控制信息信号。特别是,本发明涉及终端存储 器的遥控重编程序,以及收集和分析用与向节目预订 者建议选择节目的数据。

Description

本发明涉及为消费者家庭提供电视节目编程能力的电视娱乐系统,特别是涉及一种为消费者提供节目选择的用户友好系统。
电视娱乐的进展一直主要由技术上的突破带动。1939年,费拉基米尔·佐里金(Vladimir    Zworykin)在显像管的进展促进了NBC开始其正式定时播送。1975年,卫星技术的进步,能够为消费者家庭提供更多的节目。
这么多的技术突破,生产了一些对消费者并不便利的系统,常见的以三个遥控器,分别及单独遥控电视、有线电视盒及录橡机的就是其中一个例子。最近,美国的某些地区在技术上已能向电视用户提供100个频道的节目。增大的节目容量已超过了很多消费者的使用能力,而一直没有向消费者提供一种掌握节目选择的方法。
消费者期望电视娱乐方面的进步,尤其是在节目及节目选择上的进步,是一种对消费者便利的方式。消费的喜好,而不是技术上的突破,将推动至少今后20年的电视娱乐市场。正如计算机供应商经历了推销计算机硬件新技术到推销其较优适用性、界面及服务的转变,电视娱乐产业也将经历由新技术带动市场到由对消费者适用性带动市场的转变。
消费者需要具有实用新型的产品,并且不会由于技术新颖及地位象征而购买产品。复杂硬件技术的进步开始超越一般消费者使用新技术的能力。要使新技术娱乐产品用,且为消费者所需,需要做细致的工程工作。
为了使新的电视娱乐产品成功,就必须使其满足消费者的要求。电视消费者希望由受限制选择观看进步到有多种观看选择,由不能控制节目编排到完全控制编排。消费者希望在保持低花费的情况下,电视由麻烦、不便进步到方便而易于使用。消费者绝不愿意在缺乏编排节目信息而难以看到这些频道节目的情况下,支付100个频道的费用。
互动电视概念、高清晰度电视、及消费者家中300个频道的有线系统,进行分组、发送,及以对消费者有用的方式出现,则难以推销。问题是,电视节目的编排不是以一种对消费者友好的方式出现。
消费者已经受到了节目选择、大量“免费”频道,预订有线频道和按观看场次收费的各种消费方式的轰击。若缺少对便利用户的考虑,则电视娱乐的增加,仍会令用户感到迷惑及不知所措。
所需要的是一种经济的系统,此系统可由一个用户友好界面使消费者在众多的电视节目中选择其所需。
所需的是一种协助消费者选择节目的系统。
所需的是一种提供节目选择可重编程序系统。
所需要的是一种可遥控重编程序的系统。
所需的是一种能够处理几百个各种格式的节目、并对编程的将来形式可扩展,而且价格不昂贵的系统。本发明即居于满足以上要求。
本发明是一种用于电视节目发送系统的可重编程序终端,此终端可推荐观看的节目。特别是,本发明可遥控编程,并能以推荐观看节目来协助节目预订者选择节目。对具有几百个节目频道和以菜单驱动节目选择系统的电视节目发送系统,这是一个十分有用的发明。
此终端最好是随机放置于电视机上,并且与戴有节目控制信息信号的电视节目发送系统一同使用,节目控制信息信号戴有数据,并可识别供选择的节目。终端包括一个处理器,存储器及在一个电视机或监视器上产生菜单屏幕的装置。
此终端可使用一个输入信号遥控再编程序。最好是将一个跟随有存储器位置定位或软件型号的软件中断信号经过输入信号传输,然后继之以新的软件编程,此编程被写入机顶终端的存储器中。用此方法,基本节目编排、以及菜单格式、模板、标识、颜色等均可改变。
本发明的终端也可以通过向节目订户推荐节目的方式帮助其选择节目。此终端推荐节目订户很可能会看的节目。此终端能够应用分析方法和各种信息源来挑选一个节目预定者最喜爱看的节目。例如,应答式和“智能”的分析方法可以与情绪、个人特征、曾经观看过的节目及曾看过的电视网的数据一同使用。
应答式的分析方法要求订户对各种问题做出应答,或在节目驱动菜单上选择主观性形容词,此终端将以菜单方式提出问题,或是列出主观性条目,而节目订户将使用一个通常为字母-数字式遥控器的用户界面做出应答。例如,节目对情绪、节目类型、类别/种类、演员、年代及节目检查标准分级方面的喜好,均可以用查找条目的方式在菜单中选择。这些条目,或与这些条目有关的关键词,将被用来查询一个由大量节目摘要构成的节目数据库。查询的结果将形式一张可向用户显示的节目单。
智能方法从分析通常由终端以被动方式所收集的历史数据,来“学会”节目预定者对观看节目的选择。
经过一系列的分析及算法,此终端能够推荐成组的节目,被推荐节目的菜单,显示在订户面前。此终端并可在被推荐的节目组中,排出其优先顺序,决定其在菜单的位置。
本发明的目的是向订户提供一个选取电视节目的用户友好界面。
本发明的目的是协助观众挑选节目。
本发明的目的是使订户可在几百个电视节目选择节目而无需查看电视节目目录。
本发明的目的是向观众推荐节目选择。
本发明的目的是观察记录节目订户的选择。
本发明的目的是提供一种可以重编程序的系统。
本发明的目的是提供一种可以遥控重编程序的系统。
本发明的目的是提供一种能处理多个电视节目以菜单方式选择节目的系统。
本发明的上述这些及其它目的和优点,本技术领域的专业人员在阅览过以下说明书、附图及权利要求后,将会明白了解。
以下是附图说明:
图1是电视发送系统基本元件示意图
图2是电视发送系统操作概观图
图3是系统基本元件操作示意图
图4是机顶终端硬件方框图
图5a是机顶终端前视立体图
图5b是机顶终端后视立体图
图6是机顶终端加速卡升级示意图
图7a是节目控制信息讯号格式图
图7b是登记来自机顶终端的应答格式
图8是本发明使用的基本菜单图,包含十个以图像符号表示的主要菜单
图9a是机顶终端图形存储器中存储的屏幕菜单模板及其它图形档案的图
图9b是表示机顶终端存储器中文件分级存储的图
图9c是表示微处理器检索、组合及显示菜单所要求的步骤流程图
图10a及10b是机顶终端重编程序存储器机构示意 图
图11a是用于根据观众应答推荐的主要单图
图11b、11c、11d及11e是用于根据用户应答推荐节目的子菜单图
图12a到12e是电视广播的菜单和子菜单图
图13a是选择观看节目方法的图
图13b是一种用于选择电视观看节目较详细的方法图
图14是一影片预定菜单
以下较佳实施方案的详细描述:
A、电视节目供应系统描述
1、介绍
图1表示本发明做为扩展有线电视节目发送系统200的一部分,利用压缩电视节目信号传输十分显著地增加了节目的可编能力。数字带宽压缩技术的发展使其比现有的或稍加修正的传输媒体具有更大的电视节目通过能力。所示电视节目发送系统200提供给节目订户一种用户友好界面,以开发运作比现有情况高出6倍或更多的节目供应能力。
订户能够得到扩展的电视节目组,并由菜单驱动通道方式看到订户所选节目,从而使每个订户可以由按顺序排好的菜单单个地选择节目。订户使用简单的字母数字及图形符号通道,或在电视屏幕上移动光标及图形或亮块来编排菜单,只要按一下单个的按钮可以得到所要的节目,而不必调用存储器,也不必按动 用来选择节目的两个或两个以上的实际数字号码。这样,订户只要按单个钮就可以从一个菜单进入下一个菜单。以此方式,订户可以从任何给出的菜单按顺序编排菜单和选择节目。节目被按类别分组,因此可以在同一菜单上得到类似的节目。
2、主要系统元件
此系统最基本的型式是使用一个发送节目系统200连接一个常规的链接有线电视系统210。此节目发送系统200一般包括,(Ⅰ)至少一个操作中心202,节目分组及信息控制在此中心建立,而后以数字数据的形式组装成型。(Ⅱ)一个数字压缩系统,数字数据在此系统中压缩、组合多通道化、编码及变换成用于天线传输到电缆端头208的数字信号,以及(Ⅲ)一个内装压缩码解码器。节目发送系统200传输数字信号到电缆端头208,在此端头处,信号被传达到链接有线电视系统210。在电缆端头208内,接收到的信号可以被解码、解除多通道、由一局部中央分配及转换机制管理、组合,然后通过电缆系统210传输到位于每个节目订户家中的机上终端220。虽然连接有线电视系统210是最流行的家用传输媒体,但是电话电话线路、网络式网络、光导纤维、个人通讯网络、以及类似的家用传输技术都可以与此节目供应系统200互换使用。
此发送系统200有一个具有内装压缩码解码能力的接收区域207。此能力是由一装于机顶终端220内的 压缩码解码器预先规定的,机上终端220装于每个节目订户家中。由节目订户的观点来看,此压缩码解码器是保持透明的,并且允许被压缩的信号解除多通道及个别地由混合数据流取出,然后按照节目订户的选择,个别地进行压缩码解码。压缩了的视频信号被转换成用于电视显示的模拟信号。这样的模拟信号包括用于标准电视的NTSC格式化信号。控制信号被类似地取出和被压缩码解码,然后或或是被立即执行,或是置于一局存储器内,例如随机存储器(RAM)。压缩码解码硬件的多通道装置可以用来将压缩码的视频信号解码及控制信号。机顶终端220能复盖或组合不同的信号以便在节目订户的电视上形成所要求的显示。视频信号的图形或一幅接一幅的画面就是此显示的实例。
虽然单个数字压缩标准(例如,MPEG)可用于节目供应系统200和链接有线电视系统210,然而对两种系统所使用的压缩技术可能是不同的。当两种媒体间使用的压缩标准不同时,由电缆端头208接受到的信号,必须在由电缆端头208传输到机顶终端220之前施以压缩码解码。因此,电缆端头208必须再压缩及传输这些住以机顶终端220,此终端可能使用一种特定的压缩码解码法算法对这些信号进行压缩码解码。
每个订户可以通过一个订户界面取得由机顶终端220接收的视频信号和控制信号所对应的特定的电视节 目及菜单选择。订户界面是一种按钮位于机顶终端220或便携式遥控器900内的装置。在此优选系统实施例中,节目订户者界面是一种组合字符、数字、以及图形符号的遥控装置900,此装置直接地或以菜单驱动方式提供节目通道。优选的订户界面也含有光标移动和启动按钮以及字母的、数字的、以及图形符号的按钮。订户界面及菜单的安排使节目订户能够由几个在电视屏幕上显示的菜单中选择一些节目顺序编排。另外,使用者可以越过一些菜单屏幕,并以在订户者界面上选择合适的字符、数字或图形符号的组合立即选择节目。在此优选实施方案中,机顶终端220以建立特定菜单模板的陈列来产生在电视上显示的菜单,并且机顶终端220对每个可能的视频信号显示一特定的菜单或子菜单选择。
3、操作中心及数字压缩系统
操作中心202执行两种基本的服务,编组电视节目和制造节目控制信息信号。在此操作中心202,电视节目以模拟及数字的形式将节目从外部分接收进来。图2表示此操作中心从不同的外部来源212接收信号的一个实施例。外部节来源的例子有运动节目、儿童节目、专业频道、新闻或是任何可以提供音响及图像信号的节目来源。一旦操作中心202自外部来源收到任何模拟形式的信号,它将会使其数字化(并最好加以压缩)。此操作中心202也可具备节目内部存储器。内部存储的节目可以是模拟或数字形式,并存储于永 久的或易失的存储源,包括磁带或随机存储器。操作中心202在收到节目后,以最易向节目预订者销售为目标来将其分组及分类。例如:操作中心202可以将同样的节目对周日、最佳收看时间、星期六下午收看时间分成不同的类别和菜单。操作中心202所编组的电视节目,便于不同的菜单说明节目,也便于节目预订者地通过菜取得节目。
在操作中心202中,用计算机辅助编组设备(CAP)来对数字信号编组是典型的执行方式。计算机辅助编组设备计算机辅助编组设备系统一般包括至少一个计算机监视器、键盘、鼠标器及标准的视频编辑设备。程序员输入一定的信息到计算机辅助编助设备来编组信号。此信息包括日期、时间段及各种节目的节目类别。程序员和计算机辅助编组设备利用人口统计数据及分级来执行编组任务。程序员在由可提供节目的库存中选取不同节目及输入必要的信息后,在计算机辅助编组设备的帮助能够选择价格及对不同的节目分配应答器空间。处理过程完成后,计算机辅助编组设备显示对应于程序员输入的菜单草案或节目日程表。计算机辅助编组设备也能够以图形方式显示应答器空间的分配。程序员可以多次编辑菜单和定位应答器直到满足节目时间表为止。当进行编辑时,程序对计算机辅助编组设备发出简单的指令便可以对准菜单上任何节目的准确位置。
编组过程也可以用卫星应答器解决必要的分组。 操作中心202可将不同的节目组送到不同的电缆端头208和/或机顶终端220。操作中心202可以完成此任务的一种方法是将不同的节目编组送到每个应答器。每个应答器,或是应答器组再将一特定的节目编组转发到特定的电缆端头208和/或机上终端220。应答器空间的定位是操作中心202所执行的一个重要任务。
操作中心202也可以为占用地方节目时间在编组信号中“插入”指示,使地方有线电视公司及电视公司以地方广告和/或地方节目来占据节目时间。因此,地方电缆端头208就不会被限制仅仅演播放从操作中心202传输来的节目。新型机顶转换器将使数字及模拟的两种频道结合。因此,电缆端头208能够在传送节目信号传送到机顶终端220之前将数字信号与模拟信号相结合。
计算机辅助编组设备将节目编组后,即产生一个节目控制信息信号,此信号与节目编组一同发送到电缆端头208和/或机顶终端220。此节目控制信号含有节目组内容的描述、送到电缆端头208和/或机顶终端220的指令,以及其他有关信号传输的信息。
除了将信号编组之外,操作中心202使用数字压缩技术来将已有的天线应答器能力至少按4∶1的比率增加,从而使节目发送能力提高4倍。现有的一些数字压缩算法能够增加能力及按系统要求改进信号质量。此算法一般使用一个或多于3个的基本数字压缩技术:
(1)帧内压缩,(2)帧对帧压缩,(3)载波内压 缩。特别是,在优选实施例中,使用了MPEG2压缩方法。经过数字压缩,信号被混合(多通道化)和数码化。然后,混合的信号被传送到不同的上行路段204。
每个操作中心202可以有单个的上行线路段204或多个的上行线路段(在图1中,以204代表的假想图表示)。上行线路段204可以与操作中心202位于同一地理位置或是远离操作中心。一旦此复合信号被传送到上行线路204,此信号即可与其他信号复合、调制、向上变频和放大后经过卫星传输。多通道电缆端头208可以接收这类的传输。
除多重上行线路外,发送系统200也可以包含有多个操作中心。使用多个操作中心的优选方法是指定操作中心中的一个作为主要操作中心,并分配剩下的操作中心作为从属的操作中心。在此结构中,主要操作中心协调从属操作中心之间的各种功能,例如同时传输的同步化和有效地分散操作的工作负荷。
4、电缆端头
操作中心202将节目信号压缩及代码化并传送此信号到卫星后,电缆端头208接收并在将这些信号转送到每个机顶终端220之前将其进行进一步的处理。在每个电缆端头处,一般情况下装设有多重卫星接收盘。每个接收盘能够处理来自单个卫星及有时来自多个卫星的多路应答信号。
作为机顶终端220和操作中心202(或其他远处工 作点)之间的媒介,电缆端头208具有两个主要的功能。首先,电缆端头208做为信号分配中心或信号处理器,可将节目信号转送到在每个节目订户家中的机顶终端220。此外,电缆端头208做为一个网络控制器214,可从每个机顶终端220接收信息,并将这样的信息传送到一个信息收集处,例如操作中心202。
图3表示一个实例。此例中,电缆端头208和节目订户的家由特定通讯媒体216连系起来。在此特定实例中,模拟信号,数字压缩信号、其他数字信号和逆间/互动信号经过媒体216发送和接收。电缆端头208可以做为有如信号处理器209和网络控制器214的双重角色,提供信号处理。
作为信号处理器209,电缆端头208将其接收到的节目信号设备传输到每个机顶终端220处。在此优选系统中,信号处理器209重定路径或是分离重新组合由操作中心202接收到的信号和数字信息,并将不同的信号区域部署到不同的频率范围内。可向不同节目订户提供不同节目的电缆端头208,可以部署来自操作中心202的节目信号,以各种方式去适应不同的观众。信号处理器209也可以将地方节目和/或地方广告结合到节目信号中,并将此修改过的信号向前传到机顶终端220。为了适应地方节目编排的可用性,信号理器209必须以数字或模拟形式地方信号与操作中心节目信号结合。假若地方有线系统使用的压缩标志不同于操作中心202所使用的,则信号处理中 心209必须将进入的信号进行压缩解码和再压缩,以使其以合适的格式传送到机顶终端220。随着标志的发展(即MPEG2),此处理过程就变得不那么重要了。此外,信号处理器209执行任何必须的信号译码和/或编码。
作为网络控制器214,电缆端头208为该系统执行系统控制功能。网络控制器214的重要功能是管理机顶终端220的配置和处理机顶终端220接收到的信号。在此优选的实施例中,网络控制器214所监视的包括自动定时询问并返回来自远在每个节目订户中的机顶终端220的反应。定时询问及自动报回的循环频繁进行到可以满足网络控制器214保持准确记录帐单的程度,并监视规定的频道通路。举最简单的实例,被送到网络控制器214的信息将被存入随机存储器中,此随机存储器在每个节订户的机顶终端220内,并且此信息仅仅按照网络控制器214的定时询问被修正。这种修正可以每天、每周或每个月进行。网络控制器214利用一个特定的机顶终端220,可使此系统对所有观看的节目保持完整的信息。
网络控制器214也能够调整操作中心202接收到的节目控制信息信号来响应机顶终端220的即时需要。因此,网络控制器214能够使发送系统适应个别机顶终端220的特殊要求,如若此特殊要求不能事先提供给操作中心202。换句话说,网络控制器214能够对正在进行的节目做出改变。以其所具有的此种能力, 网络控制器214能够掌握复杂的地方编程需要,例如互动电视服务,分割式屏幕的录像技术,以及对同一个录像节目选择不同的外国语言。此外,网络控制器214控制并监视系统中所有的压缩码机及压缩码解码机。
发送系统200和优选实施方案的数字压缩提供了一条自操作中心202到电缆端头208的单方向通道。现状及记帐的信息从机顶终端220被送到在电缆端头208处的网络控制器214处不是直接送到操作中心202。因此,节目监测及选择控制只会在地方有线电视公司和已分散的网络控制器214(即相对操作中心202而言已分散,操作中心202于节目发送系统200而言集中)之下在电缆端头208进行。然后地方有线电视公司将与操作中心202或区域控制中心(图上未表示)交流,操作中心累积从机顶终端220返回的数据以用于统计及记帐。在备用系统的实施例中,操作中心和统计及记帐区布配在一起。此外,装有调制解调器的电话线路可以用来把机顶终端220的信息传输到统计及记帐区。
5、机顶终端
机顶终端220是发送系统200置于节目订户家中的部分。机顶终端220一般放置在订户的电视机上面或下面,但是它也是可以放置于节目订户的家中任何地方或附近,只要它在节目预订者的遥控900垢作用范围内即可。在某些方面,机顶终端220可能类似已被 很多有线电视系统使用的转换盒。例如,每个机顶终端220可能包含一些错误检测、译码、和类似反例用编码的编码技术。不过,从下面的讨论将会明显地看出,机顶终端220是能够执行很多一般的转换器无法执行的功能。
机上终端220有多个输入及输出口,使其能与其他的地方及远处的装置沟通。机顶终端220有一个从电缆端头208接收信息的输入口。此外,此单元至少有两个输出口,此输出口将机顶终端220的通讯提供给电视机及录像机。某些菜单选择可能引起机顶终端220直接发送控制信息到录放像机以便自动地对录像机进行编程及操作。还有,机顶终端220包括一个要用于维护设备、查找故障、重编程序和附加顾客的服务的电话插座。机顶终端220也可能包含立体声/音响输出端和一个卫星天线输入口。
从功能性来看,机顶终端220是此发送系统链上的最后一个元件。机顶终端220接收来自电缆端头208(或者,在某些情况下来自操作中心202)的被压缩的节目和控制信号。机顶终端220直接收单个的被压缩的节目和控制信号之后。这些信号被分离、解除压缩、转换成模拟信号(假若必须的话),并且或是被放置于局部存储器中(菜单模板可以由此处产生),即时被执行,或是直接被送到电视屏幕。
在处理了某些由电缆端头208接收的信号之后,机顶终端220能够存储菜单模板,用以产生菜单,这 些菜单将使用一个菜单模板阵列将其显示在节目预订者的电视上。在菜单构成之前,必须做出菜单模板并将其送到机顶终端220存储。一个微处理器使用由操作中心202或电缆端头208接收到的控制信号来做出用于存储的菜单模板。每个菜单模板可以存在机顶终端220的易失性存储器内。当机顶终端接收模板信息时,它将由电缆端头208接收到的信号分解为四个主要的部分:视频、图象、程序逻辑和文字。每个菜单模板代表整个菜单上的一个不同部分,诸如菜单背景、电视标识、光标高亮度覆盖,或是构成菜单所需要的各种各类的元件。菜单模板可以用由操作中心202或电缆端头208接收到的控制信号来取消或改换。
一旦菜单模板已经被存储于存储器中,机顶终端220就可以产生合适的菜单。在此优选实施例中,基本菜单格式信息被存于机顶终端220内的存储器中,从而使微处理器能局部地接通来自机顶终端的信息而不是接通来自输入信号的信息。微处理器由菜单模板和其他存于存储器内菜单信息产生合适的菜单。然后,机顶终端220接着在节目订户的电视屏幕上,对应节目预定者选择的输入显示出特定菜单。
若节目订户从菜单上选择一个特定的节目,机顶终端220将指明在哪个频道上该节目会被放演、分离信号和抽出由电缆端头208会传输来的信号频道。机顶终端220然后将此频道解除压缩,并且如果有需 要,转换节目信号为一模拟NTSC信号以使节目预订者能够看到所选节目。机顶终端220能够被装备成能使一个以上的节目信号解除压缩,但是这样做会毫无必要地将此装置的费用加上去,因为节目预订者一般在一个时间内仅仅会只看一个节目。不过,可能有必要使用两个或三个压缩码解码器来提供一个图面接换一个图面的能力、控制信号解除压缩、加强频道转换接能力或类似功能。
除了菜单信息之外,机顶终端220也可以存储由电缆端头208或操作中心202传输来的文字。这些文字能够通知节目预订者即将到来的节目、收费和帐号情况,新的可预订的节目或其他有关的信息。文字将根据于使用文字信息持续时间和频率存储在合适的位置。
此外,选择升级的办法可以加强节目预订者的机顶终端220的性能。升级可以由盒卡或是计算机卡(图上未示出)构成,此盒卡或计算机卡被插入机顶终端220内的一个扩展口内;升级也可以由电缆端头208或操作中心202提供的性能来做到,使用者可以此电端端头208或操作中心202预订节目。可能的升级可以包括在线数据基础服务、互动性多媒体服务、数字无线电广播频道通道,以及其他服务。
举一最简单的实例,由通用仪器公司(General    Instruments)或是亚特兰大科技公司(Scientific Atlanta)制造的转换器箱可以通过改善和升级来执行机顶终端220的功能。优选的升级办法是用一个具有微处理器的电路卡,此卡以电子方法连接于或是插入转换器箱。
节目和订户的机顶终端220之间的重要通讯通道是节目订户界面,最好是遥控装置900。通过使用此界面,节目预订者可以通过系统的菜单驱动图表机制或用实际的频道号码直接进入特定的通道的方法来选择所要的节目。通过使用此界面,订户能够通过一系列提供信息的节目选择菜单来达到目的。使用菜单驱动、图形符号、或是字符通道,节目订户只须简单地按一个单个的按钮而不是从存储器中重新取出或按下实际的频道号码来做出选择。订户可用遥控器900上的数字键(按下相应的频道号),或是菜单图形符号来选择,而得到常规的广播和基本的有线电视站的信息。
除了使节目订户能够容易地与有线电视系统200交流配合之外,订户界面900的实质特点也增加系统的客户友好性。使用者应该可以轻易地将遥控器900掌握在手中。优选遥控器900的按钮含有绘成图形的符号,使订户容易地辨认。当然执行类似功能的按钮也可能以颜色配位和由有区别的文字组成以增加系统的用户友好性。
7、菜单驱动节目选择
菜单驱动机制提供给订户可以一步就进入所有主要菜单的方法,这些菜单可以从流行影片、体育运动节目,到特定的节目来归类。订户可以从主菜单中的任何一个以光标或字符通道地进入了菜单和次要菜单。
优选实施方案利用两种不同型式的菜单,即节目选择菜单和正在上演节目的菜单。第一系列的菜单,即节目的选择菜单,由介绍基地,主菜单和子菜单来构成。第二系列菜单,即正在上演节目的菜单,由两种主要型式来构成,即隐式菜单和节目覆盖菜单。
当节目订户打开机顶终端220的时候,介绍菜单将立即欢迎节目订户进入此系统。介绍菜单也可能播放来自地方有线电视系统的重要通告,有线电视提供者的广告,或其他形式的信息。此外,假若电缆端头208发送了一个个人信息给节目预定者的特定的机顶的终端220,那么介绍的菜单就能够通知节目订户。
演示了介绍菜单之后,节目订户可以进入了一级菜单,也就是基地菜单(Home    Menu)。在优选实施方案中,一段时间之后,有线电视系统将引导订户自动进入基地菜单。订户可以从基地菜单进入所有的 节目编排选择。订户既可以从遥控器900输入合适的频道号码来直接选择节目,也要以不断地由基地菜单开始来增加菜单选择的层次。对应于第一级菜单的基地菜单的类型称做主菜单。
假若节目订户一个接一个地通过相继的菜单来选择,则节目订户将进入对应由基地菜单来的选择类别的主菜单。主菜单进一步为节目预定者的要求进行搜寻,并帮助引导节目订户达到其所选择。
订户可以由主菜单进入几个子菜单。从每个子菜单,订户可以进入其他子菜单,直到节目预订者找到一个想要的电视节目。子菜单与主菜单相似,可以进一步按要求进行搜寻。此系统也可以使节目订户跳越过某些菜单或子菜单,只要输入一个合适的指令给遥控器900就可以直接进入特定的菜单或电视节目。
机顶终端220只有在节目订户已经选择了一个电视节目之后才演示正在上演的菜单(包括隐式菜单及节目覆盖菜单)。为避免打搅订户,机顶终端决不演示隐式菜单,直到订户选择合适的情况来演示隐式菜单。隐式菜单包含与被观众选中的节目有关的选择。例如,隐式菜单可能含有一些选择,使订户进入一个互动模式或是从所选择的节目退出。
节目复盖单与隐式菜单近似,因为它们均发生在节目进行中并与正在观看的节目相关。然而,节目覆盖菜单是与节目预订者所选的菜单同时演示的。大部分的节目覆盖菜单在电视屏幕上所占位置小到中以使节 目订户舒适地继续观看所选择的节目。
B、详细的机顶终端说明
机顶终端220接收并处理来自电缆端头208的信号。此机顶终端220备有局部计算机存储器,并有数字压缩信号的译码能力,此信号用于产生给节目预订者用的菜单。遥控器900将节目预订者的选择传递给机顶终端202。节目订户的选择一般是基于菜单或是电视屏幕显示的其它提示。
最好是,信号以压缩码的格式到达节目订户的家中,并在观看之前被解除压缩。所发送的节目信号包括使节目订户家中的设备能演示用于选择特定节目的菜单的。根据此特定的实施方案,电视节目信号可以通过一个或多个连接线路到达节目订户家中,这些连接可以是同轴电缆、光导纤维电缆、双绞线、无线电话线或个人通讯网路(PCN)连接器。
节目控制信息信号由操作中心202产生,并且对网络控制器214提供节目说明及日程数据。在另外一种配置的,情况数据直接送到机顶终端220用以对节目预定者显示。在此优选实施方案中,节目控制信息信号由网络控制器214存储及修正,并被以机顶终端控制信息流(STTCIS)的形式送到机顶终端220。机顶终端220将或是节目控制信息信号或是机顶终端控制信息流与存在机顶终端220的存储器内的数据结合起来,以产生协助节目预订者选择表演节目的屏上菜单。
能被以节目控制信号发送的信息形式包括:节目 分类数目、节目分类名称、被分配给一特定分类的频道(例如专业频道)、频道的名称、在每个频道上的节目的名称、节目开始时间、节目的长度、节目的内容说明、分配给每个节目的菜单、价格、是否具备节目广告和任何其他的节目、菜单或是产品的信息。
机顶终端220能够在常规基础上,以正在传送到机顶终端220处的最少数量的信息,指明对于每个节目的合适的菜单位置及合适的时间、以及在节目预定者选定菜单之后的启动频道。节目控制信息信号及机顶终端控制信号流能够被以不同的方式格式化,并且能够以不同的方法来产生屏上菜单。例如,假若节目控制信息信号没有载有菜单格式化信息,则有于建立菜单格式会被固定在机顶终端220的只读存储器内。在此优选实施例中,菜单格式化信息是被存储于机顶终端220的临时存储装置,例如随机存储器或电可编程序只读存储器内。每当希望改变菜单格式时,新的菜单格式化信息将通过节目控制信息信号,或是机顶终端控制信号流被送到机顶终端220处。
在最简单的实例中,菜单格式保持固定不变而仅仅是文字有所改变。以此方法,节目控制信息信号能够主要地被限制在文字中,而且机顶终端220可以使用一个文字产出器。另一简单的实例是使用分开的频道,全部时间(大带宽)只用于菜单信息。
现场的视频信号可能被用于某种菜单的窗口。这 种视频信号可以用节目控制信息信号或机顶终端控制信号流传送,也可将其从正与菜单播放同时传输的频道上取出。用于菜单的视频信号,电视节目预告或示范播放可以几种格式送到机顶终端220,这些格式包括:(1)在一专用频道上,(2)在一常规的节目频道上并按比例定尺寸,(3)随同节目控制信号。然而,在此优选实施例方案中,数量大的各种简短节目预先或示范影片的播放是用一种在专用频道上的屏幕分割技术来发送的。一种多路窗口技术与菜单共用以显示菜目内容说明和一个或多个电视画面,以便协助节目订户选择节目。
图4表示机顶终端220的基本硬件元件。机顶终端220有一个调谐器603,数字解调器606,译码器600,及多路解调器609、616,以及音频装置612,和一遥控制界面626,此界面用于接收及处理来自遥控单元900的信号。一个附加调制解调器627可允许在微处理器602及电缆端头208间进行通讯。一个NTSC编码器625提供标志的NTSC视频信号输出。
微处理器602有能力执行存于存储器内的程序指令。此指令允许用户用遥控器900做选择,进入各种菜单。
视频信号的解除压缩以及由节目控制信息信号或机顶终端控制信号流来产生菜单的方式是按照本发明的特定实施方案而不同的。如要压缩视频信号的话,则 可使用视频信号压缩码解码器618和622。节目控制信息信号可能被解除调制而进入其组成部件,并且,视频信号压缩码解码器618,图形压缩码解码器、文字产生器以及视频信号组合器624可以用来协助建立菜单。
除了存储于图形存储器的菜单格式信息之外,机顶终端220还储存追踪选择观看节目的数据机顶终端220可以将收集来的数据存入电可编程序只读存储器或随机存储器,对所有进入的/被看的节目保持一个精确的记录。之后,此数据可以被传输到电缆端头208,在此处,该信号可被用以进行网络控制和监视功能。在机顶终端220和电缆端头之间的数据传输,可以通过在有线网络上的逆流传输,或是使用电话调制解调器等方式来完成。当使用有一网路上的逆流传输时,机顶终端220可以按一时间表完成数据传输(例如,使用定时询问反应或由电缆端头208处传来的回应定时询问的情况报告),或基于需要(例如,使用定时询问反应或由电缆端头208处传来的回应定时询问的情况报告,或基于需要(例如,随机存取技术)完成此数据传输。
图5a表示机顶终端220的前控制盘,此盘包括有一红外线传感器630和一系列的大电子显示器640。大电子显示器640可以用图像或字母(例如A-K)指明由机顶终端220或由用户当时直接选择的频道选出的主菜单,或是菜单频道选择(例如自1到50)。再者, 显示器可能包括现时频道,时间,声量,睡眠时间、双亲锁(安全),帐号收支情况,升级硬件的使用,正在被录像机记录的第二频道,在分开的房间中D级音乐硬件升级的使用,或其他的对节目预订者指出机顶终端220的现时情况的有用显示。大电子显示器640也可能提供一个现时扩放的数字音响频道的指示。
机顶终端220的前端包括有一个带活盖的开口635,并可以在开口中插入磁性盒式存储器(或者更小的便携式存储装置,包括光盘,共读存储器,由电可编程序只读存储器等,图上未示出)。此盒式存储器开口635允许机机终端220使用磁带盒式存储器来升级或再编程序。
机顶终端220的顶上或盖子上有按钮控制器645。遥控装置可以执行的任何功能,机顶终端220使用复制钮控制器645也同样可以执行。
图5b表示机顶终端220的后面,其中包括有一对输出接线端子650,一对输入端子652,一对立体声/音响输出端子654,卫星盘输入口656,电话插口658和一个RS-422接口660。此外,一个升级口662和一个盖板664由金属螺钉固定。输出端子650中的一个用于电视,另外的用于录像机。机顶终端220有能力处理来自使用输入端子652的一根或两根电缆的信号。电话插口658和一个RS-232或RS-422接口660是供维护设备,消除故障,再编程序和添加顾客服务的。在另一可替代的实施方案中,电话插口658可能被用做在电缆端头208和机顶终端220之间的主要的通讯模式。通过地方电话、无线电话或个人通讯网络,这种连接是可能的。
每个机顶终端220的基本编程是在机顶终端220内的只读存储器内进行的。随机存取存储器、磁性盒式存储器的容量、扩展卡开口635,使得在机顶终端220上进行升级变得容易了。
在此优选实例中,除了扩展卡开口之外,机顶终端220还有一个硬件升级开口662,用于连接:(1)一个校正的错误,机顶终端220的数据输出的译码,(2)一个控制界面,(3)对视频信号之输出解除压缩码,和(4)一个视频信号输入口的四线(或更多)连接。在此优选实施方案中,多芯线被用来执行四个功能中的每一个。四套线合在一起装在一个具有单个多针连接的单个电缆中。
在此优选实施方案中,多针连接器可用于多线电缆。多针连接器662可用在从DB9到DB25的范围。各种小型计算机系统的界面(SCSI)接口也可以用来代替上述的单接口。此外,也可以连接在单一电缆上四个式以上的输入口取代单一的多针连接器。
另一个接口662被用来将下述的不同的硬件升级附在机顶终端220上。此优选实施方案中有一些可与机顶终端220一同使用的硬件升级,包括有:(1)一个A级互动单元,(2)一个B级互动单元,(3)一个C级的具有光盘能力的互动单元,(4)一个D级的用 于分开房间的无线电调谐器,和(5)一个E级的信息下装单元。每个这样的升级都可能通过早先描述过的升级接口662被连接到机顶终端220处。早先描述过的在一单个电缆中的同一芯线可以被使用。
所有的机顶转换器,例如亚特兰大科技公司(Scientific    Atlanta)或通用仪器公司(General    Instruments)所制造的,目前不具有处理本发明的菜单选择系统的能力。因此,为了以现有的机顶转换器技术来使用菜单选择系统,硬件的修改就是必须的问题。
一个加速卡附在机顶转换器上的情况如图6所示。所示加速卡700提供了以现有的机顶转换器技术使用菜单所需要的附加功能。加速卡700加到机顶转换器地重要功能是解释节目控制信息信号、产生菜单、将菜单编顺序和最后观众能够做到勿需输入任何频道识别信息就可通过菜单系统选择系统频道。加速卡也提供一种用于远处(例如电缆端头208)的接收所有节目信息和控制机顶转换器和加速卡700的方法。所看节目信息和控制指令可能从电缆端头208利用电话线通到加速卡700。
加速卡700的重要元件有:一个个人电脑芯片中心处理器(CPU)702,一个VGA图形控制器704,一个视频信号组合器706,逻辑线路系统708,NTSC编码盘710,一个接收器712,解调器714和一个拨码盘716。加速卡700由接收通过同轴电缆从 电缆端头208传来的节目控制信息卡来操作。加速卡700的逻辑电路系统708接收数据、红外线指令、并从机顶转换器来使信号同步化。由观众以遥控器900做的菜单选择是被机上转换器的IR接收并传递到加速卡700。加速卡700译码信号并写明观众已选定的节目(或菜单)。加速卡700调整IR指令以便将节目选择信息送到机顶转换器221。被调整过IR指令包含有机顶转换器所需的频道信息。使用电话线路及拨码盘716,加速卡700能够传输节目访问信息到电缆端头208。
在此优选实施方案中,节目访问信息被存在每个机顶终端220,直到网络控制器214以图7a所示的定时询问信息格式来定时询问这些信息为止。这种帧格式920包括有6部分信息组,称为:(1)位于信息开始处的一先前标志922,(2)地址字段924,(3)订户区域标记926,(4)机顶终端识别器928,它包括查询命令/回答(或P/F)位930,(5)信息段932,和(6)位于信息结构处的在后沿标志。图7b表示一个查询信息及应答格式920′(类似于查询要求信息及应答格式920的结局,因此,一般以在图7a中的询问格式说明,但是为了清晰,需加上原来的指令),此应答格式回答图7a所示的定时询问。
8位标记指令系列922出现查询要求信息的开始及末了,并用以建立及保持同步。这样的指令系列典型地由一个“01111110”的数位串构成。地址字段 924将一个四位数的地址分配给一个给定的机顶终端220。订户区域标记926是一个千位数的信息组,此信息组指出订户的机顶终端220所驻的地理位置。机顶终端识别器928是一个16位场,用以单值地识别每个机顶终端220,此16位场具有15位标准码及附于此码后的P/F位930。当然,这个例子也提供了场的尺寸,本发明也可以使用各种尺寸。
P/F位930被用以命令查询来自指定地址为机上终端220的应答,以上情况将如下所述。应答帧格式920′也提供一个可变长度的信息场932′,以用于其他的数据传输,例如系统的信息更新。帧格式920′是以一个8位标志(或尾标)934来结束的,此8位标志,在格式上完全与引导标志922′相同,如上所述。其他帧格式(如MPEG)也将明显的有此技能,而且很容易与此系统适配使用。
如上综述,通过一系列的菜单可以选择图像及节目演示。图8表示一系列的可能结构的例子。总的来说,菜单的顺序是以一个介绍菜单、一个基地菜单、各种主菜单和很多子菜单构成的。子菜单可包括节目预千菜单和正在上演的节目菜单。例如,在菜单序列的基地菜单部分,和对应的软件程序部分,订户可以选择主菜单中的一个并启动菜单系列演示。另外,订户也可按下一个在遥控器900上的菜单选择按钮来直接启动主菜单。
在任何菜单进行过程中,订户都可以释放主菜单 按钮来移动主菜单以另外的菜单系列。以此方法,订户可以从一个主菜单移到另一个主菜单。
微处理器602所执行的各种软件子程序可允许订户将菜单编顺序,并在本发明的各种各样菜单中操作。订户也可以只按一下遥控器900上基地菜单按钮来使菜单回到原来的顺序位置。
介绍菜单屏幕1000接通电源后自动地显示,使机顶终端200初始化。机顶终端软件一般情况下将建议订户自此介绍菜单屏幕1000进到基地菜单屏幕1010。基地菜单1010是这样的基础菜单,其可使订户为了达到第一级观看决定而返回。当机顶终端软件正在显示基地菜单1010时,订户能够进入任何选择的电视节目,软件允许节目选择以光标在屏幕上的移动和直接选择用遥控器900上的按钮来进行。
在一般通过菜单屏幕的进程中,软件将使订户进到主菜单屏幕1020以回答遥控器900或高亮度光标自基地菜单屏1010的选择。在基地菜单1010显示出的选择是大范围的节目选择。
主菜单1020之后,订户可以通过一个或多个子菜单屏幕1050进行操作,并可由此来选择一个特定的观看节目。对大多数的节目选择情况而言,使用者将从基地菜单1010到主菜单1020,然后再到一个或多个子菜单来进行其选择程序。然而,对某一个节目选择或是机顶终端220的功能而言,使用者可以在菜单顺序中越过一个或多个菜单。
正在上演的节目菜单1200是子菜单,只有在订户已选择了电视节目之后,机顶终端软件才能使其工作。这些菜单提供给订户在观看选择节目时附加的功能及附加的信息。正在上演的节目菜单的序列可以进一步被再分为至少两种型式的菜单,即隐式菜单1380和节目覆盖菜单1390。
为了避免干搅正在观看节目的订户,隐式菜单1380并不对订户显示而是将其“放置”在机顶终端220的微处理器602处。微处理器602在执行任何隐式菜单1380选择的显示之前,需要等候一个或是来自遥控器900的,或是来自机顶终端220的按钮输入信号。机上终端软件向节目预订者提供附加功能,例如进入一种互动方式,或是通过隐式菜单1380而退出所选择的节目。
节目覆盖菜单1390类似于隐式菜单1380。但是,节目覆盖菜单1390是被覆盖在显示的画面的部分上,而不是隐藏在后。节目覆盖菜单1390的软件允许订户继续伴随音响信号观看所选择的电视节目,而把图形信息置于电视屏幕的一部分。大多数的节目覆盖菜单1390是被以图形并用去覆盖画面的一小部分。一些覆盖菜单1390以其特点而言比正在被看的节目更重要,将覆盖画面的大部分。覆盖菜单1390一种形式的例子包括通告菜单1392和确认菜单1394。在此优选实施方案中,用于节目覆盖菜单1390的软件,控制减少或是缩小比例(整个的)以及将画面转移到屏幕的另一部分。
子菜单提供按每小时和每分钟计算的观看节目应付费用及节目长度。订户可自子菜单得到至少三种选择:(1)定购节目,(2)因到先前的菜单,(3)按下“启动(go)”并回到通常的电视。订户也可以取得其它的选择权,如观看预告片。
以使用一个屏上菜单来选择节目,可向订户显示的菜单几乎是没有限制数目的。机顶终端220的存储器的容量,以及使用节目控制信息信号传送的信息数量,是限制菜单数目和能向订户显示的信息数量的仅有限制。使用有三个简单的顺序的一系列菜单可以让订户用机顶终端220和遥控器900以光标移动方式来达到容易使用和执行简单两个方面、界面软件编程者的用户将会从优选实施方案的描述发现很多明显的不同。
机顶终端200部份地使用存于它的图形存储器内的信息产生及创建菜单。背景图形文件800将存储菜单背景,标识图形文件将存储任何必要的标识。菜单显示和光标图形文件将存储菜单显示块和光标高亮度覆盖,以及任何其他的各种建立菜单所需的杂项文件。使用这样存储菜单的方法,通过来自网络控制器214或操作中心202的指令将机顶终端220的图形存储器重新编程序,就可以改变菜单。
微处理器602使用存储的信息执行建立菜单需要的程序。在大多数例子中微处理器602取出背景文件、标志图形文件、菜单显示和光标文件。微处理器602 自长期、中期或短期存储器中取出文字,取决于文字内容存于何处。使用视频信号组合器(或类似装置),被存储的信息与视频信号相混合,并将完整的图像送到电视屏幕显示。
在此优选实施方案中,图形控制器被用来协助机顶终端220产生菜单。机上终端220产生菜单始于建立主菜单屏幕,此主菜单屏幕包括用于主菜单的背景图形。背景图形可能包括一个跨越屏幕顶部的可移动的上框,和跨越屏幕底部的可移动下框。背景图形可以从图形存储器(优选可编可擦程序只读存储器)的存储文件的背景图形文件800来产生。此外,标识图形也可能被产生。此种图形也可能被产生。此种图形,典型地包括图形符号窗口、有线电视公司标识,频道公司标识,和两个“启动(go)”按钮。
最好,每个主菜单的文字被机顶终端220中的文字产生器分别地产生是最理想的。一般情况在几星期几个月时期内保持不变的文字部分可以被存在EEPROM(可编可擦程序的只读存储器)或其他的局部存储器内。经常变化的文字,诸如影片名称(或其他节目选择),或是操作中心202,或是电缆端头208传送到电缆端头208的网络控制器214。可以用修改由操作中心202传送来的节目控制信息信号来改变在任何主菜单1020上的节目选择,并用STTCIS(机顶终端控制信息流)来传送任何改变。
星期几,日期和时间信息被加到每个主菜单上。 此信息由操作中心202,电缆端头208(信号处理器209或网络控制器214),上行线路段传送来,或是由机顶终端220内部产生的。
节目说明子菜单的建立及演示是由机顶终端220用于上面所描述的类似方式来执行的。每个子菜单在被送到电视屏幕之前可能被部分地产生和组合。最好的是可以使用背景图形和可移动的上框及下框。同样地,电视图像窗口和半连带式窗口可用存在EEPROM(可编可擦程序只读存储器)的信息来产生。
除图像及文字内容之外,一些子菜单包括示出电视图像的窗口。这样的电视图像可以是静止的或是移动画面的。静止的画面可以以压缩的格式(如JPEG)存于机顶终端220处。电视静止画面仍可被操作中心202以节目控制信息信号不断地传输。
移动的电视画面可如上所述直接由现时的节目供应得到。依电视窗口的尺寸而定,这样做需要处理电视面信号,包括缩小电视画面的比例尺寸及改变电视画面到菜单屏幕的部位,此部位是在菜单窗口中。另一方面,电视画面也可以从分割的屏幕频道得到。这样的方法涉及了分割屏幕电视技术在指定的时间、在单个频道上输送多个电视画面链。机顶终端220可能改变图面比例(假如需要的话),并利用已知的变化例及定位技术,机顶终端220内可能需要附加的电路系统。
为了避免重导电视画面到电视屏幕容纳电视画面 图像窗口的部分,则掩膜和菜单图像可能被用以覆盖不需要的频道电视图像部分。这种掩膜技术允许分割屏幕电视画面保持在屏幕的同一位置,并被操作中心202所传送。然后,掩膜经调整而覆盖屏幕期望的部分。这些掩膜存在于背景图形文件中,此文件与其他的菜单文件近似。
分割屏幕电视图像技术也可以用于促进电视节目安排。因为很大数量的短电视连续地发送,全部或部分的宣传资料(或信息供应)可能提供给节目预订。以这些大量的宣传性电视图像,订户得到机会去“扫掠”新的影片或电视节目的选择。订户可扫视一种又一种宣传画面,直到发现所期望的节目为止。
C、节目控制信息讯号
在本发明申请中,术语“节目控制信息”全都表示由电缆端头208传到机顶终端200的控制信息,不论它是由操作中心202送来,经过网络控制器214处理后再传达机顶箱还是通过电话传输。
由操作中心202产生的节目控制信息信号,向网络控制器214提供节目的日程安排及描述,或者,在另一种结构中直接将其提供给机顶终端220以向订户显示。在本优选实施方案中,节目控制信息信号被网络控制器214所存储及修改,并以机上终端控制信息流(STTCIS)的形式传送到机顶终端220。要求这种结构容纳各个不同有线电视系统之间的差别以及机顶终端装置之间可能的差别。机顶终端220将节目控制信 息流信号或者机顶终端控制信息流与机顶终端220存储数据结合在一起,以产生表来协助订户的屏幕显示。
菜单驱动节目选择系统200目标是使订户能够通过访问一系列的菜单来挑选节目,这些菜单概括的说是以图8中所描述的方式组织起来的,在访问菜单是使用遥控器900来移动光标。在一系列菜单中的最后选择将给一个特定的频道做出标记,并标出使该频道启动的时间。拥有了频道及启动时间的信息,机顶终端就可以为观众在电视屏幕上显示出所选择的节目。一个简单的实施方案是对每一个节目分配一个智能化的字母数字码来达到此目标。此字母数字码标志出节目的类别,该节目应在何菜单中显示,节目的传输次数,及节目在其应显示出来的菜单中的位置。
在此简单实施方案中,包含菜单编码的节目控制信息,不断地由操作中心202传到网络控制器214,最后传送到机顶终端220。例如,有关四小时节目的信息可以通过表A表示的节目控制信息信号连续地被传送。
表A
中午十二时
节目名称    节目长度    菜单码    节目种类    录像
1.    Cheers    .5    E24    C    N
2.    Teminator    2.0    A33    TX    S
3.    Prime  Time    1.0    D14    N    N
4.    Football
Special    .5    B24    S    N
中午十二时三十分
节目名称    节目长度    菜单码    节目种类    录像
1    Simpsons    .5    E14和C13    A    S
4    足球比赛    3.0    B13    S    N
表A示出了机顶终端220所需的基本信息。节目种类为编码缩写。例如:C表示“喜剧”,N表示“新闻”,代表“体育”,A代表“动画片”,TX代表内容片。若对一些节目,如电影,有文字描述,这种描述在该节目的编码种类后给出,或在该四小时播放节目信息后面给出。如在编码单中所示的,长于半小时,节目的节目描述无需(每隔半小时)重覆一次。录像描述码告知机顶终端220,是否有静止或动 态录像可供该节目的广告宣传用。
例如,一体育节目可能会被设成这样一个编码:B35-010194-1600-3.25-,密执安州对南加州大学。字母B将该节目指为B类,即体育。第二个字母数字混编码符号的数字3指定该节目为体育类别中的第三个菜单。该码的第三个符号,数字5表示该节目在第三个菜单上的第五项节目位置。下面六个符号,01/01/94,代表日期。接下去4个数字1600代表起始时间,然后是节目的长度和节目名称。该编码条目代表一体育节目,高校足球塞,于1994年元旦4时播放。
在表A中,中午十二时三十分第1频道的节目示出了两个菜单码,允许有两个菜单码,可放入两个不同类别描述的节目,使能在两个菜单上显示给观众。当该最低限度量的信息可定期地传送至机顶终端220时,该终端便能确定各节目的合适的菜单位置,以及在用户完成菜单选择后,为订户确定合适的开始播放时间和频道。在优选的实施方案中,菜单码是在操作中心202产生的。
表B示出一个示例性的事件表,它可通过包含有关事件和价格的信息的事件数据文件,装入机顶终端220。如表中所示,事件表中的三横列为字段号,字段本身和装入该事件数据文件的信息类型。第一栏包括了字段号1至11。中间栏包括相应的字段参数,包含有:事件类型、事件标号、全球频道标号、价格、起始时间、起始日期、结束日期、P-图符、名称和描述。第三栏播放相应的字段类型信息。如在该字段类型信息中所示的,它一般包括:一无符号的整数、小时、分钟和秒;月、日和年,以及ASCⅡ(美国信息交换用标准代码)、符号识别符。
表B
字段号    字段    类型
1    事件类型    无符号的整数
1=YCTV
2=按观看收费
3=普通电视
2    事件标号    无符号的整数
3    全球频道标号    无符号的整数
4    价格(按分记)    无符号的整数
5    开始时间    小时:分钟:秒
6    结束时间    小时:分钟:秒
7    开始日期    月/日/年
8    结束日期    月/日/年
9    P-图符    ASCIIZ
10    名称    ASCIIZ
11    描述    ASCIIZ
表C示出一示例性的事件的数据文件。特别地, 表C表示出了相应于两个事件类型的两个数据串。第一个数据串指明为第一字段的YCTV事件。第二个字段指明事件标号,在示例中为1234。第三个字段包括全球性频道标号为2。第四个字段指明该事件的花费为50美分。第五和第六字段分别指明起始时间和结束时间分别是上午3∶00和下午3∶00。第七和第八段表示了相应起始和结束日期,分别指明为1993年8月25日和1993年8月27日。字段九指明P-图符为图形文件。最后,字段十和十一指明选出事件的名称和描述,在本例中为“Sesame    Street”和“Bamey”。表C示出第二个有关事件数据示例的数据串包括了有关“Terminator    4”(商标)的类似信息,其第一字段指明为按观看收费的事件。
表C
事件数据示例
1'1234'2'50'03:00:00'15:00:00'08/25/93'08/27/93'/pbs.pcx.
2'1234'2'50'20:00:00'22:00:00'08/25/93'08/25/93'?4.pcx  Termi  netor4摘要
节目控制信息信息及机顶端控制信息流可以各种不同的方式安排格式,屏幕菜单也可由很多不同的方式来产生。例如,若节目控制信息信号没有载有菜单格式信息,形成菜单的菜单格式可以装载在机顶终端的只读存储器中。这种方法使得节目控制信号载有较少的信息,但由于不做只读存储器物理交换,菜单格 式不能改变,只具有很小的灵活性。
在本优选实施方案中,菜单格式信息是存储在机顶终端220的任一种临时存储器中,如只读存储器、快速只读存储器、电可编可擦程序只读存储或电可编程序只读存储器这种结构在仍然限制需要通过节目控制信息信号传送的信息量的条件下,提供了菜单格式方面的所希望的灵活性。每一次菜单有变化时,新的菜单格式信息会通过节目控制信息信号或机顶终端控制信息流送到机顶终端220。
每一个被观看的节目的节目访问信息是存储在机顶终端220中。直到被网络控制器214按定时询问到并列用节目控制信息信号或机顶终端控制信息流进行节目的检索。此信息检索可用节目分别定时询问需求信息及应答格式920及920′的方式来完成,920及920′在图7a及图7b中示出,并在前面描述过,但任何恰当的定时询问对需求信息及应答格式询问方式均可用来按顺序一个一个地访问机顶终端220。机顶终端220以唯一的地址及机顶终端标并将识别出来。最好是机顶终端220仅在得到网络控制器214的允许才能将信息传送到网络控制器214。
例如,在因为以前的定时询问专门的节目已经被访问到之处,该机顶终端将得到允许,将定时询问的应答920以状态报告的形式传送出去,此状态报告中包括有关的这种访问信息。网络控制接收器(未示出)负有接收机上终端对定时询问的应答,或状态报告的 任务。这种状态报告一般包含有使网络控制器214能追踪订户的节目存取记录的信息。
图7b表示一个用作状态报告的帧格式920′的实例,此状态报告是在定时询问循环中由机顶终端220接收到的。此帧格式与定时询问需求信息的格式920相同,并加所描述的,包括:(1)位于信息开始处的一先前标志922′,(2)地址字段924′,(3)订户区域标记926′,(4)机顶终端识别器928,它包括查询命令/回答(或P/F)位930′,(5)信息段932′,和(6)位信息结构处的在后标志。
这息段932′保持长度可变,这样,931上所表示的数目不确定的访问的节目的状态,就可以被这一结构所容纳。以这种方法,由于网络控制器214不传送这类访问信息,定时询问需求信息折控制信息长度是最短的。然而,在指定的机顶终端220对于定时询问应最后,控制信息的长度将与被访问的节目数量成比例地增加。
在传送中P/F位被用来执行定时询问功能。特别是,将P/F位置为“1”以指令由机顶终端220送出一个定时询问的应答信息,此机顶终端的地址是在此帧中被识别出来的。此被指定的机顶终端220必须在同样的P/F中对指令做出应答,此P/F也是设置为“1”。此应答包含被访问节目的数量及其对应的事件识别号如图7b931中所示。在机顶终端220并未由于前面的一时访问循环而访问过任何节目的情况下,机顶终端220对在回应时将P/F位置“1”,并且节目访问块指出被访问的节目数量是0。
在定时询问循环之间,节目控制信息继续向机顶终端220提供菜单信息。在最简单的实施方案中,菜单保持固定,只有文字在改变。这样,节目控制信息信号将主要限制与文字,并且一个文字发生器可以被使用在机顶终端220中。这个简单的实例使机顶终端220保持低价格,并限制频带宽度到仅为节目控制信息所必需。另一种简单的实施方案是仅为此菜单信息使用一个单独的专用频道(大的频带宽度)。这种单独的频道在文字及其他数据信息需要做改变时,便于系统的新的图形的快速装入,并改进系统的响应时间。
在本优选实施方案中,屏幕菜单显示的基本的结构单元或者模板将存储在由非易失性随机存储器、快速只读存储器、电可编程序只读存储器或最好是可抹去电可编程序先读存储器组成的图形存储器中,如图9a所示。参照图4,使用来自图形存储器620的信息,微处理器602,图形压缩码解码器622,文字发生器(图上未表示,但如有必要可加装进去)及视频信号组合器624将建立一个菜单屏幕。
图形存储器的存储器文件最好分成三类,即背景图形800,标识图形820及菜单与显示图形850,如图9a所示。
背景图形文件800将存储菜单背景,如通用主菜 单背景804,通用子程序背景808,电视节目预先背景812及惯用菜单格式816。标识图形文件820将存储任何必需的标识如Your    Choice    TV(TM)标识824,网络标识文件828,电缆系统标识文件832,摄像室标识文件836及图形元素文件840。菜单显示及光标图形文件850将存储菜单显示方框854及光标高亮度覆盖858,以及其他为构成菜单所需要的杂项文件。
利用这种以上所讨论的存储菜单的方法,可以对机顶终端220的图形存储器620重编程序来改变菜单。为修改整个显示菜单的设计,网络控制器214或者操作中心202将指令电可编可擦程序只读存储器620清除信息并以新的菜单模板重编程序。为改变一个菜单格式或者标识,网络控制器214或操作中心202需指令清除存储中某一位置的信息并加以改写。显然,此菜单重编程序工作,也可以由服务人员在现场(即在机顶终端220上)做。
如图9a所示,每一个存储器子文件可进一步分成各种存储块。例如,背景图形文件800包含通用主单背景804。通用主菜单背景存储器804包括有存储单元UMI    860,UM    2862及UM    863。同样的,标识图形文件820及菜单显示及光标图开文件850,包含单独的子文件存储块,例如,(摄像室标识文件836具有存储器块SLI    864,菜单显示块854具有存储器菜单块MDI    866)。
图9b表示由电缆端头208的文字的分层存储。虽然文字可以与视频信号一同连续地传送到机顶终端220,但是文字也可以断续地传送。在这种情况下,文字存储在机顶终端220中。文字最好是以使用现有技术压缩过的形式来传送及存储。另外,文字最好存储在机顶终端220上的图形存储器620中。
文字按其用途,将被存入存储器三个部分中的一个。与文字一起传送的信息将会或者文字引导到存储器某一特定部分,或者附加有关文字的优先级的信号。微处理器602是880所代表的机上终端硬件的一部分,微处理器可以将文字引导到存储器的适当位置存储起来。
若文字是在一段长时间被经常使用,一个长期存储器875将会被使用。若文字在一段短时间被使用(例如,一个月),则文字将被导向一个中期存储器877。如果文字是几乎立即被使用,或是在一段短时间内被使用(例如,几天内),文字将会被导向短期存储区879。微处理器602将找到一个特定菜单所需要的文字,并将其由存储器620的适当部分检索出来。文字由图形存储器620输出到文字产生器624,然后送到文字/图形视频信号组合器624。
图9C表示出微处理器602以一系覆盖屏幕为基础建立菜单所执行的步骤。这些指令是以屏幕数据文件形式存储在机顶终端220上的存储器。屏幕数据文件指令微处理器602查找屏幕上每一个图形文件的位置, 表D中示出的是一个屏幕数据文件的实例,其中屏幕数据文件依据例如X及Y屏幕像素位置,高度及宽度,颜色码及字换等来说明菜单数据的配置。另一方面,指令或程序可以由操作中心202传送出来存储在机顶终端220的存储器中。
Figure 931201845_IMG2
如图9C上方框878所表示的,一开始微处理器602指令调谐器603选择一个频道。如果必要的话,此频道将被解除压缩码、纠错及详码。若画面要缩小尺寸以便放进一个画面窗口,画面将会改变比例以得到适当的尺寸。另外,此画面上每一图像的位置产生一系列的位移以完成画面的移动。在大部分情况下,必须同时使用图像才可以生成菜单。如方框882所示,微处理器602大部分情况下,必须调取背景文件、图标文件、菜单显示及光标文件。每个文件都需要将压缩码解码883然后合成方框886。
同样地微处理器602必须调取文字内容,如方884所示。根据文字内容的内存位置,微处理器602可如上述般从长期、中期及短期内调出。经过内存的的存取,就生成文字内容,方框885,并和视频(如有的话)合并。并和所需的压缩图像帧和文字内容(方框886)合并。影像或部分影像存在视频合并器内(如图4的合并器624),直到所有覆盖信息都收到为止,然后根据另一条线路传送一个影像显示在电视屏幕上如显示888所示。
D、用于推荐节目的可重编程序终端
1、对机顶终端重新编程
除了机顶终端202通过位于机顶的内部编程来支持的所有特性以外,通过对机顶终端202重新编程,可附加其它特性或是使现有特性升级。优选实施方案中,电缆端头208,特别是网络控制器214完成机 顶终端202的遥控重新编程。电缆端头208能对机顶终端的内存重新编程。根据这种能力,电缆端头208可遥控升级机顶终端202内存中存贮的大部分软件数据。例如,在优选实施例中,电缆端头208根据特殊事件或播放需要,例如奥运会转播,总统竞选等,不时地重新编排菜单格式。
机顶终端的重编程序的操作最好是使用被传送信号的节目控制信息新分,并在节目控制中传送适合的数据。当重新编程发生时,电缆端头208将在节目控制信息格式中发送给一中断顺序,以通知机顶终端202接下去的是重新编程信息。在另一个实施方案中,有一个通告用于机顶终端202的特殊重新编程需要。
机顶终端202的重要编程不会经常发生。然而,色彩或菜单格式的变化会经常产生。在另一实施方案中,菜单的色彩变化可经由节目控制信息本身来完成,而不需要从电缆端头208进行重新编程。
使用按上述参照图8所讨论的存贮菜单的方法,菜单可通过对机顶终端202的图形内存贮新编程的方法。第一种,用于产生菜单的指令可被改变。这些指令存贮在机顶终端202的一个文件中(图9a中未示)。这些指令提供给微处理器以将在菜单屏幕(见表口)上显示的各图形文件的位置。对图形文件的重新编程可这样产生,即从网络控制器214发送一中断,或者向节目控制信息信号或STTCIS附加一 个2-4位码,用以指明图内存中的指令将被改变。信号亦将指定文件名称是否随之改变或者重写图形内存的内存位置。
新指令可在信息段932(图7a)或在一特定的信道中传送。在被微处理器执行时,新指令将被装入合适的文件中。或者,新指令可被装入RAM或盘中,以后再在微处理器执行时存入合适的内存位置。新指令存入图形内存后,微处理器图形压缩码解码器、文字内容产生器(图9b中623所述)及图象混合器则可建立新菜单屏幕。
另外,图形(如:背景图形800、图符、图标820、菜单显示区块854、光标高亮度覆盖858等)可通过对图形内存620中的文件的获得和重写而直接获得,例如要改变显示菜单的整个设计,网络控制器214或操作中心202指示内存被擦除并用菜单新模板(或背景图形文件)重新编程。在优选的实施方案中,屏幕菜单显示的菜单格式信息存入机顶终端202的图形内存620中,图形内存620包括RAM、ROM、EPROM或最好是EEPROM要直接改变菜单格式、图标、图符等,网络控制器214或操作中心202指示用新菜单数据对合适的内存位置进行擦除和重写,通过使用传送入节目控制信息信号或STTCIS的指令中的内存位置认别来完成。新菜单格式信息可在每次菜单中有变动时,经由节目控制信息信号或STTCIS传送至机顶终端202。
明显地这种类型的菜单重新编程可在当地(在机顶终端220处)完成。通过向机顶终端220装入包括带图形改的重新编程指令的外部盒式存储器进行。
除了菜单的重新编程,在机顶终端的软件程序可被重新编程。一般地为对机顶终端202的软件程序进行重新编程,网络控制器214经由节目控制信息讯号或STTCIS(此后指定为“节目控制信息讯号”发送中断命令,以通知机顶终端接下去将是重新编程的信息。节目控制信息讯号还包括开始重新编程的内存地址位置或指令行。最好是,中断和内存地址位置包括在节目控制信息讯号结构的数据部分。节目控制信息信号的数据部分将也包括节目的变动。
为中断位于机顶终端220的重新编程的软件、微处理器602将指示重新编程的变动先存入非永久性内存,如RAM中。确定合适的内存位置或指令行后,于机顶终端220的微处理器602读出所接收的节目控制信息的信息段并在合适的内存位置写入编程的变动。
至少有两种用来完成如上讨论的对机顶终端220重新编程的可选择的实施方案。优选的实施方案示于图10a中。该实施例中,带有重编程指令1100的软件存入机顶终端220的非易失性存贮器(EPROM)1102中。由于该程序处于固定存储器中,定将能在电源中断后继续执行。当前的可执行的程序文字内容存入FLASH    ROM中0至存储段。
机顶可执行程序的重新编程可发生在任何时候。 重新编程可在经由节目控制信息讯号传送一中断信息,通知机顶开始重新编程之后开始进行。网络控制器214将跟随带有在节目控制信息讯号的数据部分中的新程序版本N+1的中断信息之后。
微处理器602认别并解释该中断信息,然后指导存入EPROM中的重新编程软件1100的执行。重新编程软件1100在RAM1104中指示建立起一个文件,以存入新的程序文件n+1,如1106所示,而微处理器602将解释节目控制信息信号并指示该新程序文本N+1    1106如所示那样存入RAM1104中。
一旦新程序n+1    1106完全装入RAM    1104用全部数据组的接收来表示,对FLASH    ROM    1108的重新编程处理开始在该实施例中新程序版本n+1    1106将被当作程序文n    1100装入相同的FLASH    ROM    1108。微处理器602将指示新的程序版本n+1    1106冲掉旧的程序版本N    1110。旧的程序文本n可被新程序版本n+1来重写,这通过先将合适的FLASH    ROM    1108的段重写为零来完成。该内存段然后被擦除并用新的可执行,程序版本n+1    1106中的数据重写。这一过程一段接一段地继续下去,直至新的程序重写。这一过程一段接一段地继续下去,直至新的程序完全被转换并不入FLASH    ROM    1108的内存位置。完成将新的程序版本n+1装入FLASH    ROM    1108中后,顶顶终端202被复位。复位后机顶终端220将开始运行新的可执行程序文本n+1。
若在复位过程中有失误,机顶终端220将需发送一信息至网络控制器214,要求控制器再传送一份新的程序文本n+1。重新编辑过程将重新开始,如前一段落所述。
或者,重新编程也可用图10b所示的配制来产生。该实施方案中的重新编程过程与图10a中所示的类似,因此,数字标记相同,但步骤或特性不同。然而,一当前节目版本n    1110在整修过程中仍保存在FLASH    ROM中(即,不被新版本n+1所冲掉),而新的程序版本将冲掉旧程序版本n-1    1112。由于未冲掉当前节目版本n    1110,被改变的特定作用在发生失误的情况下,能按正常方式继续运行。机顶终端202继续运行程序版本n    1110,直到新的可执行程序版本n+1    1106完全装入FLASH    ROM    1108中。
如上述参照图10a所讨论的实施方案中,网络控制器器214发出一中断信息,该信息经由节目控制信息信号传送以说明重新编程将要开始。新的程序版本n+1    1106网络控制器214或其它远距位置发出,在节目控制信息讯号中的数据段中。
微处理器602认别并解释中断信息,然后指导重新编程软件1102的执行。一旦重新编程1102认别出新的程序版本n+1    11a的文件名,该软件指示在RAM    1104中。一旦新的可执行版本n+1    1106的所有组完全被装入RAM    1104后,对FLASH    ROM    1108的重新编程版本装入FLASH    ROM    1108至加 N的段中。在FLASH    ROM    1108中包括旧的程序版本n-1    1112的各内存段被新程序版本n+1    1106中的新数据冲掉。
若单个FLASH    ROM不具有足够的内存容量时存贮当前程序版本n    1110和新程序版本,可将新程序版本1106装入一个第二个FLASH    ROM。
完成向FLASH    ROM    1108中装入新的可执行程序版本1106后微处理器602将命令操作中心220复位。对机顶终端220复位将导致旧的程序版本N    1110被冲掉,从而使新的可执行程序版本n+1    1106开始运行。
作为对整个对机顶终端程序复位的另一选择,机顶可执行码可通过一主程序段和一系列子程序段按组合方式写入。用这种码结构的机顶程序无需在代替码供给机顶时整个复位,而是个别的子程序可被选择地替换。只有当发送出一替换的主程序段时,机顶程序的复位才需要。
重新编程(重写)的指令包含在主程序段中,该主程序调解码的子程序段。子程序只有被主程序段调取时才起作用。在调取的过程中,进行子程序段替代码(新码)的存在的检验。该检验可通过一特定内存位置变量在特定内存位置中的配制的实际检验或其它方法而进行。若被调取的子程序段的替代码被找到后,该替代码将被运行。在一系列有关替代码耐久性的错误检验后,指令将被传送,以为替换码在子程序段内存 位置重写被调取的子程序段。
尽管实施方案中描述了三个完成对机顶终端220重新编程的方法,本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到重新编程的方法不仅限于上述的实施方案,而且还能包括使用内存装置的不同类型和配制的实施方案。本领域的技术人员还应认识到重新编程的方法不依靠于从网络控制器214或操作中心202接收新程序或图形文件,新的程序或图形文件也可在机顶终端220或其它远距离位置产生。
2、推荐节目描述
a、概述
参照附图11a-e,12a-e,13a,13b和14,其中表示出了终端协助用户选择收看频道或节目的能力。机顶终端220为收看而推荐频道和节目的方法有许多种。这些方法可大致归为三组,(1)响应方法,(2)智能方法,和(3)结合了响应和智能方法的方法。
所有推荐节目的方法具有一共同点,即收集代表用户喜好的数据。微处理器602将解释,形成并存贮该数据于机顶终端220的内存中。另外,用户特殊数据可被存贮于网络控制器214的内存中,利用从操作中心202或网络控制器214接收的,于节目控制信息信号或STTCIS中的节目安排和描述信息,和用户特殊数据机顶终端220可根据下述的分析方法之一选择适用于用户收看喜好的节目。这些节目可以显示在电视 屏幕上以为观看者选择。一旦用户通过使用,例如使用光标运动的遥控器900表示一选择后在机顶终端220处理微处理器602可将用户的选择与节目相匹配并指示机顶终端220转至选择的节目。
用内存和内装入机顶终端220的微处理器602,用于决定用户的播放喜好的智能方法便成为可能。通过分析用户的过去的行为,机顶终端220可完全“学会”向观看者推荐合适的播放和频道。为完成这一分析有关用户行为模式,线索必须存入机顶终端的内存。这些线索,如收看的节目和收看电视的时间段,均根据需要而被分析,以形成观看者的基本情况。该信息的大部分由机顶终端收集并存贮,而并不为用户所知。一简单的示例是,机顶终端220学会哪个频道是订户最经常收看的,然后假设这些频道是订户最喜欢的频道。
更复杂的学习模式可在机顶终端220经由,例如专家系统来完成,这些专家系统始终适应于观看者不断改变喜好,并对订户作出相应的改变。
或者可使用一推荐节目或频道的响应方法。使用用户界面和菜单的产生,节目的选择可数集于从有关特定订户的询问或由订户作出的选择归纳的信息。
用于推荐节目或频道的方法可汇总机顶终端智能的使用和信息收集潜力。为组合上述的方法。“权重”通常被指定给协助决定观看者想要的频道和节目的各种指示。评估加权的信息后,节目或频道的推荐将会提供给观看者。例如,对不同喜好的指示的权重可被积累并处理,以得到一选择信号,用来通过逻辑网络的使用而与所推荐的播放节目相匹配。
b、使用节目摘要的响应实施方案
在优选的响应实施方案(如图11a-e示)中,节目摘要被用于帮助对用户的节目推荐。摘要最好在网络控制器214或操作中心202产生。它们在内容和形式上类似于当前到在普通的电视电影指南中用于描述电影的摘要。各摘要包括有关特定节目内容的描述。这些摘要最好存贮在网络控制器214或顶终端220的数据库中。
若节目摘要数据库在当地存贮在机顶终端220,它可存于ROM、EPROM或盘中。若存贮在机顶终端220,节目摘要数据最好是在最初从网络控制器214或操作中心202送上节目控制信息讯号或一特定的频道。在该实施方案中,节目摘要数据库的升级和改动可由按上文中提及的有关对图形内丰重新编程来完成。
该实施方案中,节目控制信息由机顶终端220接收,并与存贮于图形内存中的菜单细节综合在一起。有了该综合信息,微处理器、图形压缩码解码器、文字内容产生器和图象混合器将产生一主菜单屏幕和一系列子菜单屏幕。微处理器602控制对用户进行菜单屏幕的显示。详细叙述如下的菜单屏幕包括一检索、条件的图形显示。各特定检索条件具有一喜好输入的 清单。
订户通过选择象征用订播放节目喜好的喜好输入,提供给机顶终端220以响应。例如,用户可使用一遥控器900来帮助选择喜好输入,该选择通过光标在菜单中移动的协助来完成。
各用户输入然后被映入由一下装存储器选出的一组关键词。或者该用户输入可被用作关键词。关键词然后被微处理器602用来检索节目摘要数据库。若节目摘要数据库位网络控制器14,机顶终端220将需把关键辞传送至网络控制吕214、微处理器602,然后按摘要检索估计将选择一个或多个节目推荐给用户。这些推荐的节目然后被显示菜单上供观看者选择。
具体而言实施方案可参照图11a-11e的菜单屏幕来描述。此实施方案中,如图11a中主菜单1130所示,包括情调、类型、类别/种类、演员、时间、年代喜好和标准分级的一可能的检索条件(下称条件)1132的清单,提供来协助检索选出的节目推荐。观看者可选择想要的尽可能少或多的条件1132,应理解到,提供的数据越多,结果所得到的推荐节目清单的选择越强。用户可通过按下便携式遥控器或机顶终端220上的按钮,在电视屏幕上移动光标或高晰度条形,来选择想要的条件1132。
在主菜单上选择一条件之后,观看者可经过一个或多个子菜单屏幕,从中选出表示播放节目喜好的特别输入。如上提到的,观看者可按其想要的选择尽可 能少或多的条件。主菜单1130中所述的一个条件是情调条件1134。当观看者选择了该情调条件1134后,一子菜单1136将出现在屏幕上,如图11b所示。情调子菜单1136允许观看者从一主观情调菜单1130如:严肃、深思、轻松、疲倦、悲伤等中进行挑选。最好是观看者使用光标或高亮度沿主观情调清单移下,并通过点按在遥控器或机顶终端220上的选择按钮,来选择想要的喜好输入。观看者可选择一个或多个这种情调,下述情况例外,即该节目将不接受被认为是相互排斥的情调(如:愉快和悲伤)的选择。这通过在选择好一种情调后,锁定相反情调的选择来实现。
被选择的情调与一组关键辞清单交叉参照(或标志),该关键辞来源于最好是存贮于在机顶终端220处的ROM、EPROM或盘中的可下装的存储表。关键词然后被用于在节目摘要数据库(未示)中直接检索摘要。
返回参照图11a,观看者可选择节目类型条件1144,以进一步通过节目的喜好来区别节目。选择了类型条件1144后,如图11C所示的类型子菜单1146将出现在屏幕上。该子菜单1146包括多个描述性形容辞1148,它们最好被用来直接做为关键辞,以在节目数据库中检索摘要。观看者可选择一个或多个形容辞1148,以便检索更具体选择性。
再次返回参照图11a,若观看者选择示于菜单中的,标准类别/种类条件1152,类别/种类子菜单1154将出现,如图11d所示,以允许观看者将检索限制到一个或多个下装至数据的节目类型(如电影、戏剧、儿童节目等)。
图11a示出观看者还可通过挑选最喜欢的演员1158来精化检索。选择演员条件1158将允许观看者填写姓名输入窗口1160。姓名输入窗口1160在优先实施方案中被限为六个字母,光标位于第一个位置上,并且姓名每次一个字母按顺序输入。位于遥控器或机顶终端220的频道增/减键,允许观看者在字母表中分别向前或后移动。当想要的字母被选出并输入后,观看者可使用音量大/小键在所有字母位置在姓名中左右移动,直至演员的姓名被全部或部分输入。检索工具将检索输入字母的所有情况。若姓名被全部输入,一节目摘要数据库的解密检索将对该姓名进行。若姓名只部分地输入,检索工具将寻找与该部分地输入的姓名最近的匹配。
时间条件1162允许观看者选择一天中喜欢的时间,喜欢的持续期间(按每30分钟增至2小时),和一星期中喜欢的一天。另一实施方案允许观看者选择某一天中直至某小时时间间段,用来在期间进行检索。
年代条件1164最好包括年代组。例如,当年和五到十年前的节目、十至二十年前、二十年至四十年前和四十年以上。若想要的话,观看者可标出多于一 个的年代组。若观看者不标出任何年代组,则假设观看者想要所有的年代。
标准分级条件1166允许观看者将检索限制到一个或多个MPAA级别(G、PG、PG-13、R、NC-17)。
另一个实施方案中,演员、时间、年代、分级等,可通过与图11b-11d描述的子菜单类似的子菜单提供来选择。
优选实施方案还提供排除法检索。这种检索中,观看者不感兴趣的节目类型的文字描述,可被作为关键词直接使用或标志成下列入储器内的关键词。在对数据库的检索中找到节目的关键词后,该节目自动排除到选择清单之外。例如:若观看者不想收看任何或R级电影,观看者只需通过在主菜单上选择这些分级,即可简单地选择排除分成×或R级的电影。
在此实施方案中,在观看者选择完想要的所有输入后,然后按“启动”钮或通过光标或高亮度条在菜单屏幕上选择一运行菜单条目,相关的检索便会开始进行。任何典型的检索工具可用于检索节目摘要数据库。例如,布尔检索可被用来搜索内容输入的数据库,并查出符合布尔检索的内容输入。由观看者选出的符合检索条件(包括相应于输入关键词)的节目将被计算出,并且计算结果将显示在图11a至11d中各屏幕1130,1136,1146,1154的右上角的“选择数目”栏1170中。
若观看者要收看所有这些选择和/或相应摘要的清单,观看者可选择主菜单1130中的“观看”项1172。当选择观看项后微处理器602指示如图11e所示的选择清单1174显示于屏幕上。观看者可使用光标移动并通过碰按由光标或高亮度条指示的想要的节目选择想要的电影。例如在图11e中,观看者选择了韦恩约翰(John    Wayne)的电影(Green    Berets)选择之后,该节目便显于屏幕上,但若列出太多太少的选择节目或观看者决定不收看任何选出的节目,观看者可通过选择返回主菜单1176而返回到主菜单。一旦主菜单屏幕1130显示出,观看者可选择开始一个完全新检索,或选择精化先前的检索。若观看者选择进行精化检索,观看者便可利用各种子菜单并选择进一步的输入喜好,从而得到更准确的检索和较少数目的节目选择。
可以理解,有关检索节目摘要数据库的实施方案,下述包括观看者情况数据和最经常收看情况结合。例如:不同条件可配有不同权重(权衡条件的喜好输入)。然后根据对加权的喜好输入的评价,只对符合最加权系数的那些节目才会被作为选择节目出现,以推荐给观看者。
或者,可产生节目标志,用于将一权重数配给节目。配给节目的权重可基于最多的节目信息最喜欢的频道或个人的基本情况,如下所述。由如上所述的节目摘要检索方法而得的推荐项的清单,可根据积累 相应于所列出节目的加权的标志的结果,而进一步精化和减少。例如,加权的数可主要根据节目的类别而配给节目。加权的数被系统进行检索。从节目摘要检索选出的那些节目可进一步被优先化,并且按优先顺序予以显示或通过删除不符合最小加权值的那些节目而进一步精化,以减少显示给观看者的推荐的节目清单。该精化的清单然后被显示给观看者。
C、其它节目推荐的实施例
在另一响应方法的实施方案中,根据对时间的响应,建立一最喜欢的频道的清单。此实施方案中,通过菜单询问订户并允许订户选出8个最喜欢的频道以为将来显示使用。
图12a描述了一显示出的最喜欢频道节目子菜单1184的例子。尽管要求许多类型的信息,有关观看个人信息的情调问题和询问,将在该为观看者选择节目的响应方法被优先选用。
另一实施方案中,最喜欢的频道和经常收看的频道特征被同时在菜单选择时使用。如上所述,最喜欢的频道可被存于机顶终端220的内存中以备用。除了最喜欢的频道外,广播电视菜单1180具有一单独的经常收看的频道类型1186,以允许订户或在学习状态中的机顶终端220选择另外8个频道用于播放显示。
另一实施方案中,类似于学习用户最经常收看的频道的方式,终端还可决定订户经常收看的节目。当制出(或学会)一流行节目的清单或向用户询问一流行 节目的清单后,终端可显示一专门制作的子菜单以允许用户选择一个可供收看的推荐的流行节目。为显示可使用的推荐节目,机顶终端220对可用的节目和观看者的选择进行交叉参照。这可使用节目控制信息信号来完成。交叉参照后,与图12b中所示的最喜欢频道菜单相似的一流行节目子菜单。显示于电视机或监视器上。
在一实施方案中,一复杂的节目收看推荐特性可为订户作为选择特性。该特性对犹豫不定或懒惰的观看者提供有关观看者应该收看的特别推荐。机顶终端220利用智能和响应方法的结合,以及相配的算法去完成收看推荐的特性。
为让机顶终端220决定订户应收看什么节目,终端为特定的观看者产生一个人情况。利用特定观看者个人情况的数据,订户情调信息和节目控制信息讯号中可用的电视节目信息,机顶终端220可选择特定观看者可能收看的一组节目。
特别地,机顶终端220为各观看者建立一个人,情况并按观看者姓名将信息存贮入一内存文件中。为建立起个人,情况观看者回答呈现在一系列菜单屏幕上的一系列问题。这些个人情况屏幕要求观看者输入下列信息如:姓名、性别、年龄、出生地、低等学校教育地、职业类型、教育级别、每周收看电视节目的数量,以及观看者在给定一周内所收看的特定类型,如体育、电影、纪录片、环境喜剧片等等中 的节目数量。一个带有字母数字钮的万用遥控器900,可用来帮助输入人口统计数据。能帮助机顶终端220为观看者推荐电视节目的任何用户人口统计信息的均能使用。原始数据必须被解释、格式化并存入机顶终端220的内存中。最好是,所收集的数据被处理并存入一关系数据库。一旦个人情况被产生(在一特定机顶终端220),它可被长期地存入固定存储器中。
或者,个人情况信息可从远距离的位置,如电缆端头208或在收费处用电子学方法传送机顶终端220。在一些电缆系统中,个人情况信息存在收费处。该信息可用电子学方法经电话或电缆传送至机顶终端220。机顶终端220必须接收数据,解释数据和格式分数据,以便存贮于内存的数据库中并备用。
在基地菜单屏幕1010(图8)上的选择起动节目选择的特性。起动节目选择特性之后(如图12C~12e所示),栅顶终端220将向观看者呈现一系列简要的问题,以决定观看者在该特定时间的心情。例如,第一个心情问题屏幕1190会让观看者选择想要的短时间(30分钟)或长时间(60分钟以上)的节目选择,如图12C所示。第二个心情问题屏幕1192要求观看者在严肃节目、深思节目或轻松节目中进行挑选,如图12d所示。第三个情调问题1194询问观看者想要被动的节目或是主动的节目,如图12e所示。观看者使用在其遥控器900上的光标移动键和启动钮在各问题菜单中做 出选择。并可利用其它多种的情调问题,如观看者的疲劳程度,观看者是否想看重播节目等等。
当观看者回答了决定观看者心情的情调问题菜单后,机顶终端220使用一匹配的算法模式来找出适合观看者的最佳播放匹配,并且向观看者显示包括若干推荐节目的提议(最好是三个或更多的节目)。匹配算法模式将观看者情况数据,情调数据和最经常收看节目的信息(若有的或是最喜欢节目的信息),与从节目控制信息(或STTCIS)讯号得来的有关节目的信息,如:节目类别、描述类型、长度等进行比较。使用了如上推荐的个人情况信息和情调问题,可能会产生下列的结果类型。
若机顶终端220为一年轻女性观看者所有,她在波士顿受教育,经常性地收看喜剧,想要短小、轻松、被动的节目,可能找到的匹配节目有30分钟的喜剧片“Cheers”“Designing    Women”或“Murphy    Wowen”。再举一例,对于波士顿地区的希望收看较长时间、轻松、被动节目的一中年男性观看者,可能推荐的节目有新英格兰比赛,波士顿Red    Sox    Baseball(TM)比赛,或科学幻想电影。
根据此节目选择特性机顶终端220可灵活地协助特别的观看者从成百个可行的选择中挑选节目。最好向观看者提供从中挑选的推出的节目选择的图形菜单。
机顶终端220还可以学会个人情况信息,而不是索取人个情况信息的输入。订户收看习惯可通过保留 该观看者的记录数据和分析这些数据来被学会。记录数据可能包括观看者最经常收看的节目的频道(或网络)和类型、收看时间、收看持续时间、耐久性等等。该信息然后必须被分析来形容描述观看者。
在优选的学会法的实施方案中,个人情况信息对时间和日期敏感,从而节目标志将根据日期和一天中的时间而不同。例如,一个有高中文化程度的工作男性,他在体育方面较活跃并喜爱体育,他可能在周末的日子里有加权很大的体育节目标志,但在工作日的晚上有较轻松的喜剧节目。分析之后该标志被传送到加权算法模式和选择推电视节目的匹配算法模式。匹配自算法可通过使用一逻辑网络来完成。逻辑网络包括讯号探测器,它可用于存贮和积累加权的标志。根据积累的加权的标志,逻辑网络可提供一选择信号,用于匹配一推荐的节目。
参照图13a,需要有两个收集步骤,个人信息和情调信息收集,分别用区块1202,1206代表。如上面所述,可有若干种方法来收集信息。信息一旦收集后,它可被存贮(且升级按需要)以为将来使用。标志可被重新用于输入节目选择系统的各自订户输入。或者,至少每一次所收集的信息变化或更新后,该信息必须被重新解释并转换成优选节目标志区块1212,1214。
节目标志应至少指示所推荐的播放类型。为完成这一点,电视节目分成节目类别,最好是与用于该节 目的菜单选择的菜单顺序。类别相同或相似(在有关机顶终端220的详细叙述中有述)。例如,体育、喜剧、新闻、纪录片及热门影响均是节目类别。尽管可使用多种节目标志,优选的方法是将权重指定各节目类别。这样,信息数据可被分析,并且权重可被指定给节目类别如体育(40),喜剧(30),新闻(20),记录片(5),热门电影(5)。
如图13a中所示的例子,包括类别和权重的一系列优选节目标志根据个人情况数据被被指派。第二系列优选节目标志根据情调数据而指派。这两个系列的优选节目标志在进入匹配模式区块1222前被分析和加权,如区块1218所示。
在一特定的例子中订户的更新后个人情况可能指示:体育(40),喜剧(32),新闻(5),纪录片(5),热门电影(3)。订户的心情可能显示:体育(40),喜剧(32),新闻(5),纪录片(5),热门电影(3)。对心情的权重可能是一个系数3,而对个人情况的权重可能是一个系数1,因为心情信息更是最近和重要的信息。传给匹配算法模式的加权标志是三倍心情标志与一个个人情况标志之和即体育(160),喜剧(90),新闻(35),记录片(20),热门电影,因此匹配算法将著着于体育,但也会提供热门电影和喜剧。匹配算法模式不太可能推荐新闻或记录片类别的节目。
收集并用于标志的信息领域越多,加权算法所需 的加权转换和运算就越多。其它更复杂的加权数据重要性的方法亦可使用。
匹配算法模式接收时控制信号信息如区块1226所示,并从中提取所需的信息,如区块1230所示,然后将节目匹配给用户。匹配模式包括三个主要步骤:(1)除去不符合用户想要的时间段的节目,(2)除去节目类别中订户不再有兴趣收看的节目,以及(3)决定想要的节目优选次序。最后选出的节目被播放,区块1234。
上述前两步除去了观看者表示出没兴趣的节目。第一步除去了不符合时间顺序(当前开始时间或下个半小时)和超出想要的长度(如30-69分钟的节目)。对于具有二、三百个频道的节目传送系统,这将把节目选择减少三分之二至大约100个节目。
下一步骤除去了节目类别中接收到较低节目标志数目的节目。如上例中,新闻和记录片节目类别所获标志数目低,这些类别中的节目便被除去。这一般可将节目数量减少掉百分之四十,从100至60个左右的节目。
下一步骤是将权重加给各节目。权重数主要根据节目类别指派给节目。若一节目在两个类别中(如:热门电影和喜剧)由两个指派的权重而得的一平均值将用于各节目类别。加权的数被系统作为订户选择条而使用。
对节目加权后,相关节目的数目可通过检查加权 的数目被减小。几百个可收看的电视节目最终减少到很可能被用户收看的二十个左右的节目。
多种方法可用来决定节目的最后优选顺序。当使用某种选择方法时,在同一类别中的各个节目具有相同的权重。而其它精化的区分方法也可被应用。例如,接收到同样权重的节目可通过网络继续区别。在主网络上的节目优选于在较小网络上的节目。在观看者更经常地收看的网络上的节目优先于不常收看网络上的节目。另一个区分的例子是较新的节目(最近拍摄的节目)优先于旧节目。级别的细化方法可通过细化指定给各节目的加权的数,或对二十个节目的短消单上的节目进行简单重新优先化来完成。
匹配之后,节目可显示于如上所述产生的菜单屏幕上。认别推荐节目的信号被产生,用于协助菜单的产生过程。最好是4至8个选择显示于菜单屏幕上。若这些选择中无一个满足于订户,然后第二和第三节目选择菜单屏幕可被显示出来。选择一个节目后机顶终端将观看者转换至选出的节目。
如图13b所示的(与图13a相同编号区块1238)除对收看的节目的信息如区块1238,可被直接用于匹配模式。收看的新的信息可被匹配模式直接使用的一个方式是在最决定步骤中决定并使用经常收看的信息。当匹配模式为观看者对节目选择排序,后经常收看的节目清单可用于在显示前修改或细化最终的节目清单。例如匹配模式可选100个节目中的20个,并按从最 可能至最不可能的观看者选择,将节目从1至20排序,将此二十个节目的排序清单作比较。
该清单的一个简单用途是在二十个选出节目的排序清单和经常收看的清单之间进行比较,以确定匹配或密切相关的节目,并增加哪些节目上的排序号,或将那些节目放至排序清单的顶端。第二个方法是在按权重对二十个节目排序前,增加所确定的那些节目的加权数。在任一种情况下,所得效果是经常收看的节目被替至二十个节目的清单的更高优先位置,并最终被放置在第一推荐的节目菜单屏幕上。第三种使用该信息的方法是在100个当前节目中确定出经常收看的节目,并且在上述的匹配模式计算进行前,给各确定的节目指定一高的加权数位。
另一实施方案中,经由节目控制信息讯号向机顶终端220中提供了额外的编码信息以协助节目选择。例如各节目的人口统计码可通过节目控制信息讯号来传送。附加位可加至图7a中所示的信息段,以帮助从控制器至机顶终端220传送该码。一个码的表格可存入网络控制器内存中。各码相应于一种特征。该实施方案中,节目数据库包括成为节目的清单以及提供有关节目的描述性特征的码。这些特征可以类似于上文中已述的在图11a-11e的菜单中的各个输入。人口统计码描述很可能与节目订户人口统计匹配。由此在个人情况中存贮的人口统计与人口统计码的比较,将产生一优选节目的清单给订户。本领域的技术人员将 会认到许多信息可由节目控制信息讯号码发送。
各实施例明确地描述了使用若干个信息源来向用户推荐节目(如情调和个人情况,本领域的技术人员将会认识到任一种信息源或更多个信息源都可被使用。本领域的技术人员还将会认识到该节目推荐方法不限于所描述的特定信息类型,而是可用于表示观看者喜好的各种信息类型。
利用这些方法,甚至能使机顶终端220为两个观看者推荐节目。通过使用两组观看者情况信息匹配模式可为共同收看而找出最佳匹配,例如,机顶终端220可为同时收看电视的两个人推荐节目。机顶终端使用存在内存的两个收看者各自的数据,并决定这两个人的节目选择,即那些相似或重叠的选择。该节目的方法可解决两个收看者间的争执。
当订户从菜单屏幕或选择特性清单上选出一推荐的节目后,微处理器602用电子方法将合适的节目(在电视节目讯号范围内)的带宽配制通知给调谐和压缩码解码器硬件。配有该信息后,机顶终端220能为观看者在电视机检测器或类似装置上显示该节目。或者如图14所示的预告菜单屏幕1142可向用户进行显示,该菜单屏幕描述并预告节目选择。预告菜单屏幕可包括描述所选节目的活动或静止视频1144。
此处所用的术语和描述的提出只用作解释而不作限制。本领域的技术人员将会认识到在本发明如权利要求书所限定的精神和范围内,多种变化形式是可能的。

Claims (32)

1、电视节目发送系统订户使用的机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括有节目时间表和说明数据,以及表示订户安排节目之喜爱的订户的特定数据,此机顶终端包括:
用于收集订户特定数据的装置,节目预订者特定数据表示节目预订者选择节目的喜好;
连接于此收集装置,用于存储节目订户特定的数据的装置;
用于接收选集节目的节目控制节目信息的装置;
节目选择装置,合用地连接到此存储装置和此接收装置,用于利用订户的特定数据和节目控制信息来选择一个或多个节目,由此所选的节目,符合订户的喜爱;以及
合用地连于此节目选择装置,用于对订户显示所选择节目的装置;
2、如权利要求1所述的机顶终端,其中,用于收集订户特定数据的装置可进一步包括用于接收订户特定数据的装置,此订户特定数据表示来自远处位置的订户的喜爱。
3、如权利要求1所述的机顶终端,其中,机顶终端接收来自节目电视发送系统的菜单细节,并且此机顶终端中的用于接收订户特定数据的装置进一步包括:
用于存储接收到的菜单细节的存储器,用于产生菜单屏幕的装置,此菜单屏幕是用综合节目控制信息与菜单细节来产生的;
用于显示菜单幕以引出订户应答的装置;以及用于输入订户对菜单屏幕应答的订户界面装置。
4、如权利要求1所述的机顶终端,其中,节目选择装置进一步包括:
用于将订户的特定数据匹配于由节目控制信息所描述的节目的装置;
其中,机顶终端进一步包括用于调谐该节目的装置。
5、如权利要求1所述的机顶终端,其中,此机顶终端接收节目信号,此机顶终端进一步包括用于产生信号的装置,此信号在接收到的节目信号上鉴别所选择的节目的位置。
6、如权利要求3所述的机顶终端,其中,菜单细节包括光标覆盖,以及用于产生菜单屏幕的装置包括用于产生光标覆盖的装置,并且其中,用于输入订户应答的订户界面装置包括用于在菜单上移动光标覆盖的的光标移动装置。
7、电视节目发送系统机顶终端使用的方法,此方法用于向订户推荐用控制节目信息在电视上显示的节目,此节目控制信息包括节目时间表和说明数据,以及表示节目预订者安排节目喜爱的节目预订者特定数据,此方法包括:
收集表示订户选择节目的喜好的订户特定数据;存储节目预订者特定数据;
接收用于选择节目的节目控制信息信号;
使用订户的特定数据和节目控制信息选择一个或多个节目,其中,所选择的节目符合订户的喜爱;
以及向订户显示所选择的节目。
8、权利要求7的顶顶终端的使用方法,其中,此机顶终端产生的菜单是基于通过节目电视发送系统接收的菜单细节的,此菜单的产生进一步包括以下步骤:
存储菜单细节;
使用由综合节目控制信息及菜单细节,并使用所存储的菜单屏幕;
显示菜单屏幕,据此菜单屏幕鉴别所选择的节目;
以及接收订户的菜单屏幕的应答。
9、电视节目发送系统的订户使用的机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括菜单屏幕细节,节目时间表和说明数据,以及订户安排节目的喜爱,订户安排节目的喜爱是以检索存于节目数据库的电视节目摘要来确定此数据库相关于来自一个或多个特定输入的关键词,其中,由订户指定的特定输入回应检索准则,此检索准则含有许多在一个或多个菜单屏幕上的可选择的条目,此菜单屏幕显示于电视上,其中包括:
接收节目控制信息的装置;
用于在数据库存储节目摘要的装置;
用于存储菜单屏幕细节的存储器装置;
用于使用菜单细节产生菜单屏幕的装置,此处,菜单屏幕是由综合节目控制信息及菜单细节来产生的,由此,菜单目录准则包含有多个可选择的条目;
用于显示菜单屏幕的装置;
用于输入对多个可选择输入的应答的节目预订者界面装置,此可选择的输入是由特定的输入在菜单屏幕上形成的;
连接于多个接收装置,用于安排特定输入为关键词的装置;
用于检索节目的节目摘要数据库装置,此数据库的节目由一个或多个关键词构成节目选择装置,合用地连接于接收装置和检索装置,用于选择一个或多个节目,此处,节目的选择是基于检索装置的结果;以及
连接于节目选择装置,用于显示所选择的节目的装置。
10、如权利要求9所述的机顶终端,其中机顶终端进一步包括对节目摘要重编程序的装置,此处,改变了的节目摘要是以节目控制信息信号的方式被接收的。
11、如权利要求9所述的机顶终端,其中订户界面装置进一步包括用于解释特定输入的装置,以及存储特定输入的装置。
12、如权利要求9所述的机顶终端,其中用于产生菜单的装置进一步包括用于建立子菜单的装置,此处订户可选择的输入被列在子菜单上,并且每个子菜单符合主菜单上的检索准则。
13、如权利要求9所述的机顶终端,其中,节目选择装置进一步包括:
用于由远处位置产生优选节目指示器的装置;
用于使用优选节目指示器来分配权码给节目的装置;以及
用于以选择一个或多个节目来精选节目清单的装置,所选择的一个或多个节目是由节目摘要检索所产生的并足以满足最少权码标准。
14、如权利要求13所描述的机顶终端,其中,用于精选所选节目清单的装置进一步包括用于指定节目优先级的装置。
15、如权利要求9所述的机顶终端,其中菜单细节包括光标覆盖和用于产生菜单屏幕的装置,此产生菜单屏幕的装置包括用于产生光覆盖的装置,其中,用于输入订户应答的订户界面装置包括用于在菜单上移动光标覆盖的光标移动装置。
16、电视节目发送系统机顶终端使用的方法,此方法用于向订户推荐用节目控制信息在电视上显示的节目,此节目控制信息包括菜单屏幕细节,节目时间表和说明数据,以及订户安排的喜爱,节目预订者安排节目的喜爱是检索存于节目数据库的电视节目摘要来确定,此数据库相关于来自一个或多个特定条目的关键词,其中由订户指定的特定输入回应检索准则,此检索准则含有许多在一个或多个菜单屏幕上的可选择的条目,此菜单屏幕显示于电视上,其中包括以下步骤:
接收节目控制信息;
在数据库存储节目摘要;
存储菜单屏幕细节;
使用菜单细节产生菜单屏幕,此处,菜单屏幕是综合节目控制信息和菜单细节来产生的,由此,菜单目录检索包含有多个选择的条目;
显示菜单屏幕;
收集订户对在菜单屏幕上可选择的条目的应答,此应答将归储于特定的条目;
安排特定的条目为关键词;
在节目摘要数据库中检索由一个或多个关键词组成的节目;
选择一个或多个节目,在此,节目选择是基于检索装置的结果;以及
显示此选择的节目。
17、电视节目发送系统订户使用机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括有情调菜单细节,节目时间表及说明数据,以及表示订户安排节目喜爱的订户特定数据,此特定数据是由订户回应一套的情调菜单屏幕上的情调问题指明的,此机顶终端包括:
用于接收节目控制信息的装置,此控制信息是用于选择节目的;
用于得到电视节目安排的装置;
用于存储情调菜单细节的存储器装置;
用于综合节目控制信息于情调菜单细节来产生情调菜单屏幕的装置;
用于显示情调菜单屏幕的装置;
用于输入节目预订者回应情调菜单屏幕的节目预订者界面装置;
节目选择装置,合用地连接于存储器装置和接收装置,用于使用订户的特定数据和节目控制信息来选择一个或多个节目,此处,所选择节目符合订户的喜爱,以及,
合用地连接于节目选择装置,用于向订户显示所选择的节目的装置。
18、权利要求17的机顶终端,其中节目选择装置包括:
从远处位置产生优选节目指示器的装置,以及
用优选节目指示器将权码分配给各节目的装置。
19、电视节目发送系统订户使用的机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括节目时间表、说明数据、由远处位置产生并分配给每个电视节目的人口统计编码,以及节目预订者使用机顶终端描述的在远处位置建立的人口统计数据,包括;
用于接收节目控制信息的装置;
用于存储人口统计数据的存储器装置;
节目选择装置,合用地连接存储器装置以及接收装置,利用包含人口统计数据和人口统计编码的节目控制信息来选择一个或多个节目;
用于显示所选择的节目,合用地连接节目选择装置的装置。
20、电视节目发送系统订户使用的机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括节目时间表及说明数据,表示订户最常观看的节目的节目观看数据,此机顶终端包括:
用于接收节目控制信息的装置;
用于收集被观看节目数据的装置;
用于存储被观看节目数据的存储器装置;
节目选择装置,被合用地连接到存储器装置和接收装置,用于使用被观看节目数据和节目控制信息来选择节目;
合用地连接到节目选择装置,用于显示所选择的节目的装置。
21、电视节目发送系统订户使用的机顶终端,此终端使用节目控制信息向订户推荐节目,节目控制信息包括节目时间表及说明数据,节目控制信息包括节目时间表及说明数据,以及表示订户喜爱频道的频道观看数据,此机顶终端包括:
用于收集被观看频道的数据装置;
用于接收节目控制信息的装置;
处理装置,合用地连接于存储器装置和接收装置,用于指明所推荐的喜爱频道,包括:
用于使用被观看频道的数据选择一批频道的频道选择装置,以及
用于产生鉴别所选择频道的信号的装置,以及合用地连于处理装置,用于显示所选频道清单的装置。
22、用于以数字形式向订户发送可选择的节目菜单,以及推荐所提供节目中某一个给订户观看的系统,使用的节目控制信息包括节目时间表、菜单细节及说明数据,其中多个节目被节目控制信息组合及压缩,包括:
用于将节目转换数字格式的装置;
用于产生节目控制信息的装置;
用于使用节目控制信息将数字格式的节目编组的装置;
用于组合及压缩分组节目和节目控制信息为组合信号的装置;
用于供输组合信号的装置;
与电视机联合的机顶终端,包括;
用于接收组合信号的装置;
用于建立个人特征信息的装置;
用于存储个人特征信息的装置;
用于使用节目控制信息和菜单细节产生菜单的装置;
用于使用菜单收集观众情调信息的装置;
用于选择至少一个向观众推荐节目;包括:
用于累积个人特征信息和观众情调信息到选择准则的装置;
用于比较选择准则和节目控制信息的装置;以及
用于选择准则与一个或多个由节目控制信息描述的节目配合的装置;以及
用于向观众显示所推荐的节目的装置。
23、用于电视发送系统的可重编程序的机顶终端,此终端能够被遥控重编程序,其中,信息被预先存储起来,这些预先被存储的信息可能使用更新的变化来升级,此更新的变化包含在重编程序信号中,此重编程序机顶终端包括;
用于接收自远处而来的重编程序信号的装置,此处重编程序信号包括一个命令,此命令通知机顶终端重编程序将跟随更新的变化而开始;
用于从重编程序信号说明更新的变化的装置;
用于存储先前信息的第二装置;
合用地连接于接收装置和第一及第二存储装置,用于处理重编程序信号的装置,此处,处理装置指示被说明的变化自第一存储装置传送到第二存储装置,并命令以被说明的变化重写在第二存储装置中的先前信息,并指示机顶终端重新置数,这样机顶终端可用此被说明的变化操作。
24、如权利要求23所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中用于存储的第一装置包括随机存取存储器,和用于存储的第二装置包括快速只读存储器。
25、如权利要求23所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中处理装置包括重编程序的软件,此处,此重编程序软件引导机顶终端重编程序。
26、如权利要求25所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中,处理装置进一步包括可擦可编程序只读存储器,此处,重编程序的软件被存在可擦可编程序只读存储器内,从而在系统故障之后,此软件仍可继续执行。
27、如权利要求25所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中处理装置进一步包括快速只读存储器,此处重编程序软件被储存于此快速只读存储器中。
28、如权利要求23所述的可重编程序的机顶终端进一步包括用于存储操作程序的第三装置,此处,机顶终端在输入重编程序的过程中可以通过使用操作程序如平常地继续其作用。
29、如权利要求26所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中,第三存储装置包括快速只读存储器。
30、如权利要求23所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中,用于接收重编程序信号的装置进一步包括用于接收图形指令的装置,此间,更新的变化是图形指令。
31、如权利要求23所述的可重编程序的机顶终端,其中,用于接收重编程序信号进一步包括用于接收图形数据的装置,此处,更新的变化是图形数据。
32、用于更新可重编程序机顶终端的方法,此机顶终端具有易失性和非易失性存储器,此存储器包含有用于电视发送系统的存储单元,此发送系统能够自远处遥控重编程序,如此可如上附加特征或以重编程序信号更新已有的特征包括以下步骤:
自远处接收命令,此处,中断命令通知机顶终端重新编程序开始;
接收重新编程信号,在帧内有控制区域更新,并且在信号帧的数据区域提供程序变化;
自重新编程信号读出程序变化;
将程序变化存于易失存储器;
指示程序变化自易失存储器转移到非易失性存储器指定的存储单元,此处,
新程序变化改写非易失性存储器中的旧程序;
重新设定机顶终端,使得机顶终端使用程序变化进行操作。
CNB931201845A 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端及其方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1137579C (zh)

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CNB00100204XA Expired - Fee Related CN1184812C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端及方法
CNB931201861A Expired - Fee Related CN1137582C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 机顶终端以及相应的菜单生成和定序方法
CNA200510114107XA Pending CN1805540A (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端
CNB931201853A Expired - Fee Related CN1137581C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于增强有线电视递送系统中解压缩箱的升级模块和方法、机顶转换器和遥控单元及接口系统
CNB00100087XA Expired - Fee Related CN1181680C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 应用允许订户交互使用的机顶终端的装置以及方法
CNB001054090A Expired - Fee Related CN1181683C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 提供节目播放与节目选择的方法与设备
CNB001000888A Expired - Fee Related CN1181681C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于显示画中画的方法以及装置
CN93120183A Expired - Fee Related CN1121788C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统网络控制器及方法
CNB931201764A Expired - Fee Related CN1137578C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目组装及发送系统操作中心及节目分配方法
CNB001002058A Expired - Fee Related CN1181682C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于机顶终端的遥控器及选择节目分类子菜单的方法
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CN97121877A Expired - Fee Related CN1112808C (zh) 1992-12-09 1997-12-16 预订广告的装置及方法
CN00100206A Pending CN1276685A (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端
CNB001002031A Expired - Fee Related CN1179563C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 能接收音频/视频节目和音频节目的装置和方法
CNB001027190A Expired - Fee Related CN1189033C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 在电视屏幕上显示具有视频的菜单的方法及使用其的系统
CNB001027182A Expired - Fee Related CN100369482C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 增加机顶转换器的功能性的卡和利用节目传送系统的方法
CNB00102714XA Expired - Fee Related CN1192617C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 用于从多路传输信号中选取实况数字节目的系统和方法
CN001080121A Expired - Fee Related CN1217286C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-06-07 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端
CNB00108013XA Expired - Fee Related CN100417217C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-06-07 有线电视发送系统网络控制器
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CNB00100204XA Expired - Fee Related CN1184812C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端及方法
CNB931201861A Expired - Fee Related CN1137582C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 机顶终端以及相应的菜单生成和定序方法
CNA200510114107XA Pending CN1805540A (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端
CNB931201853A Expired - Fee Related CN1137581C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于增强有线电视递送系统中解压缩箱的升级模块和方法、机顶转换器和遥控单元及接口系统
CNB00100087XA Expired - Fee Related CN1181680C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 应用允许订户交互使用的机顶终端的装置以及方法
CNB001054090A Expired - Fee Related CN1181683C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 提供节目播放与节目选择的方法与设备
CNB001000888A Expired - Fee Related CN1181681C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于显示画中画的方法以及装置
CN93120183A Expired - Fee Related CN1121788C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统网络控制器及方法
CNB931201764A Expired - Fee Related CN1137578C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目组装及发送系统操作中心及节目分配方法
CNB001002058A Expired - Fee Related CN1181682C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于机顶终端的遥控器及选择节目分类子菜单的方法

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CN97121877A Expired - Fee Related CN1112808C (zh) 1992-12-09 1997-12-16 预订广告的装置及方法
CN00100206A Pending CN1276685A (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端
CNB001002031A Expired - Fee Related CN1179563C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 能接收音频/视频节目和音频节目的装置和方法
CNB001027190A Expired - Fee Related CN1189033C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 在电视屏幕上显示具有视频的菜单的方法及使用其的系统
CNB001027182A Expired - Fee Related CN100369482C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 增加机顶转换器的功能性的卡和利用节目传送系统的方法
CNB00102714XA Expired - Fee Related CN1192617C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 用于从多路传输信号中选取实况数字节目的系统和方法
CN001080121A Expired - Fee Related CN1217286C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-06-07 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端
CNB00108013XA Expired - Fee Related CN100417217C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-06-07 有线电视发送系统网络控制器
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DE69323767D1 (de) 1999-04-08
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DE69333999D1 (de) 2006-05-18
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NZ259147A (en) 1997-05-26
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IL107913A (en) 1997-04-15
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EP0909095B1 (en) 2004-10-27
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IL107908A (en) 1997-01-10
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JP3677037B2 (ja) 2005-07-27
ATE426300T1 (de) 2009-04-15
AU5733294A (en) 1994-07-04
DE69331715D1 (de) 2002-04-18
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EP0920206A1 (en) 1999-06-02
KR100289174B1 (ko) 2001-05-02
DE69333680T2 (de) 2005-08-18
NZ259148A (en) 1996-11-26
ATE176840T1 (de) 1999-03-15
CN1276683A (zh) 2000-12-13
DE69332049T2 (de) 2003-02-27
TW447219B (en) 2001-07-21
US8060905B1 (en) 2011-11-15
CA2410389C (en) 2004-03-23
DE69333713D1 (de) 2004-12-30
DE69323560T2 (de) 1999-09-23
AU716184B2 (en) 2000-02-24
IL107908A0 (en) 1993-12-07
IL119479A0 (en) 1997-01-10
EP1432248A1 (en) 2004-06-23
IL107909A0 (en) 1994-04-12
CN1285684A (zh) 2001-02-28
MY110026A (en) 1997-11-29
JPH08506939A (ja) 1996-07-23
BR9307619A (pt) 1999-06-15
IL107912A0 (en) 1994-04-12
JP2005020785A (ja) 2005-01-20
WO1994014284A1 (en) 1994-06-23
US8276183B1 (en) 2012-09-25
ES2145119T3 (es) 2000-07-01
JP2005057793A (ja) 2005-03-03
DE69332177D1 (de) 2002-09-05
IL127601A (en) 2002-12-01
EP0946060A1 (en) 1999-09-29
CA2151458C (en) 2004-02-24
CN1121788C (zh) 2003-09-17
KR100348113B1 (ko) 2002-09-18
CN1181681C (zh) 2004-12-22
KR100329135B1 (ko) 2002-05-09
EP1432248B1 (en) 2006-03-29
CA2460634A1 (en) 1994-06-23
CN1137581C (zh) 2004-02-04
BR9307621A (pt) 1999-06-15
IL107910A (en) 1997-06-10
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DE69332895D1 (de) 2003-05-22
DE69328441T3 (de) 2010-03-11
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EP1164797A1 (en) 2001-12-19
ATE352170T1 (de) 2007-02-15
ATE484151T1 (de) 2010-10-15
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CN100369482C (zh) 2008-02-13
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JP3761893B2 (ja) 2006-03-29

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