CN1090451A - 有线电视发送系统数字电缆端头 - Google Patents

有线电视发送系统数字电缆端头 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1090451A
CN1090451A CN93120182A CN93120182A CN1090451A CN 1090451 A CN1090451 A CN 1090451A CN 93120182 A CN93120182 A CN 93120182A CN 93120182 A CN93120182 A CN 93120182A CN 1090451 A CN1090451 A CN 1090451A
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signal
program
digital
cable
programme
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CN1118197C (zh
Inventor
约翰·S·亨德里克斯
艾尔弗雷德·E·邦纳
约翰·P·拉平汤
里查德·E·旺德里奇
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Warner Bros Discovery Inc
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发现通讯公司
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Abstract

本发明介绍了几个使用数字技术的电缆端头 (42)。和现有电缆端头相比,本发明提供了一个具有 更大容量、更大灵活性的电缆端头(42)。特别是,本 申请介绍了一个用于电缆端头调制器的设计和一个 用于电缆端头(42)的合并器(104)的设计。对于脉 冲转发大量数字化压缩的有线电视传送系统(40),本 发明是特别有用的。所述的合并器(104)允许从脉 冲转发的信号中随意选取节目。

Description

该发明涉及用于提供用户家庭数字式电视节目的有线电视发送系统。更具体地说,该发明涉及一种用于电缆端头部分的新技术。这种电缆端头部分可用于具有处理数字视频/音频信号能力的电视有线传送系统。
今天电视传送系统的设计是为了把模拟视频/音频信号从信号源传送到观看者的电视。随着视频/音频数字技术的引进,将来的电视传送系统需要把模拟视频/音频传送系统转换成数字视频/音频传送系统。
数字带宽压缩技术允许在现有传送媒体,或在稍加修改的媒体上大大增加电视节目信号的吞吐量。为了利用数字技术,有线电视传送系统必需重新设计。电缆端头部分是有线电视的关键部分,因此需要重新设计。
当一观者家中使用一个电视显示视频节目时,模拟有线电视传送系统需和一个模拟转换盒同时工作。转换盒通过电缆和电缆端头部分地点相连结。
典型地说,每一个模拟电缆端头地点有多个卫星天线盘。每一个模拟电缆端头地点的卫生天线盘,一般从一个或二个卫星接收转发的信号。现在,尽管上行链路地点和卫星天线盘能够发送和接收多个视频/音频节目信号,在一给定时间每一卫星脉冲转发器一般只能载带一个视频/音频节目。典型地说,一个脉冲转发器专用于一个视频节目。另外,为了从脉冲转发器接收信号,一般来说在模拟电缆端头每一个脉冲转发器(或频道)都有一个集成接收编码器。
总的来说,为了输送每一个模拟视频/音频节目到电缆端头,现行模拟技术需要把一个上行链路地点,一个卫星脉冲转发器和一个电缆端头卫星天线盘组合在一起。为了提供多重信道模拟信号,电缆端头使用几个模拟视频/音频信号,这几个模拟视频/音频信号来自于多个天线盘和多个脉冲转发器。然后,电缆终端把这些具有不同传送频率的模拟信号传送到一个在观看者家中被选中的信道上。
每一个用于电视模拟视频/音频信号传送的电视信道是6兆赫带宽区段。6兆赫工业标准是在1939年定的,以于每一模拟视频至今NTSC标准仍然是6兆赫。除了对于模拟一数字混合型转换器以外,当电视节目传送技术发展到数字世界,6兆赫区段没有真正的技术重要性。
另外,今天的有线电视传送系统载带为了保密原因而加密编码的信息。每一个售主所使用的加密编码技术和其他售主不相兼容。在加密编码格式上主要有二个引头人:亚特兰科技公司(Scientific    Atlanta,Inc.(SA),4386    Park    Drive,Norcross,GA30093)和通用仪器公司(General    Inst-rument    Corporation,GeraldCommunication    Division(G1),2200    Byberry    Rord,Hatboro,PA    19040)。
现在,有线电视节目传送系统所使用的加密编码/加密编码复原过程,包括两步。在第一步的过程中,在卫星传送之前,节目信号被加密编码。这个加密编码在电缆端头复原。在第二的过程中,节目信号以加密编码的格式传送到观者家中被许可的转换盒中。这个转换盒把加密编码的节目信号复原。这二种加密编码技术主要用于电缆端头与订户家中转换盒之间,和视频反相与同步抑制之间。所以,使用二种技术中的任一种,观者家中的转换盒都能最终复原加密编码。
通用仪器公司是最领先的工业领头人,“锁定了”从原始点到电缆端头的信号加密编码市场。从电缆端头到订户,通用仪器公司和亚特兰大科技公司占有最大的市场占有率,但是他们面临竞争者的竞争。例如从天顶(Zenith)和先锋(Pioneer)来的竞争。亚特兰大科技公司和通用仪器公司也是美国电缆工业中机顶终端的主要生产者。所以,电缆端头可能只能使用一个售主的转换盒。总的来说,电缆端头加密编码设备可和亚特兰大科技公司的转换器或和通用仪器公司的转换器连接工作,有关标准加密编码或保密措施,整个工业还没有达成协议。在某些情况下,制造商能够生产和其它系统兼容的加密编码器。
用于活动图象和声音的数字编码的标准方法还没有建立,通过国际标准化组织美国电视工业在著手建立数字编码技术标准。
数字视频/音频在传送电缆节目方面的使用将需要改变现存的有线电视传送系统。特别是,以上所述的模拟电缆端头不能在数字环境下工作。编码和译码方法也需要被审查。
所需的是一个能在数字环境下工作的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能在数字环境和模拟环境下工作的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能从单一卫星脉冲转发器接受多个视频/音频节目信号的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能合并数字视频/音频节目信号,并能传送合并的信号到观者家中的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能把模拟和数字视频/音频节目信号传送到观者家中的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能合并选中的模拟和选中的数字视频/音频信号,并能把合并的信号传送到观者家中的电缆端头。
所需的是一个可以从多重数字频道馈送选择离散数字频道并重新组合频道,并将此频道传送到观者家中的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能合并多个数字视频/音频信号,并能为观者提供多层节目的电缆端头。
所需的是一个能将任何必须信号编码和译码的电缆端头。
因而,对于数字电缆端头技术来说,有一个没有被回应的需要。对于电缆端头技术来说所需要的是一个利用视频/音频数字压缩技术电缆端头技术。
本发明的目的即在于满足以上要求。
发明概述
本发明的一个实施方案是一个数字电缆端头系统。这个系统允许充分使用一个有线电视传送系统中的数字技术。电缆端头是一个数字有线电视传送系统中的关键部件。电缆端头是一个用来接收节目信号,合并节目信号,并将节目信号发送到观者家中的中心部件。和现存的电缆端头相比,本发明的电缆端头具有更大的容量和灵活性。具体地说,当和本发明的数字电缆端头中的其它部件结合在一起,合并器能解决许多技术问题和技术挑战。
数字节目信号的引进对有线电视传送系统提出了几个新挑战。数字技术将为电缆端头提供上百个节目频道。面对这么多的节目频道,一定要有一个方法用来选择合意的节目,并且/或者过滤掉从脉冲转发器收到的不合意的节目。再者,因为节目的数量太多以致不能通过观者家中并置连接电缆上有限的带宽空间,对用户家中可用的带宽一定要被有效的管理。有限数量的节目一定要有选择地送到观者家中。
另外,对于不同的观者用户,带宽可能有所不同。例如,一个电缆端头可能提供观者用户550兆赫带宽信号(典型地从50兆赫到550兆赫),对另外的观者用户提供750兆赫带宽系统。电缆端头一定要传送正确的合并信号到合适的观者家中。同样,对于两个有同样带宽但需要不同节目选择的并置连结电缆系统,电缆端头一定要形成具有同样带宽的一个不同的合成信号。一个信号为一个并置连结电缆系统服务。
卫星脉冲转发器用来作为传送数字节目信号到电缆端头的通道。这些卫星脉冲转发器以不同的数据压缩形式,以不同的数据速率,以几种编码方式将各种格式送出数据。因而,为了能够分配信号到观者用户家中,一个电缆端头一定要能够以不同的数据速率接受,过滤和发送信号。在必要的情况下,这就需要电缆端头延迟和同步信号。该发明解决了这些问题和其它一些问题。
对于以数字或模拟格式的地方性广告和/或者特色节目所用时间,电缆端头能够兼顾地方性有线公司和电视公司的节目时间。地方性数字或模拟信号可以在端头和卫星信号合并在一起。
新电缆端头的一个重要部件是合并器。合并器的基本功能是:选择将要合并的视频信号,以不同的数据速率(如果必要的话)处理视频/音频信号,信号包转换和确保合并信号的完整性。在优先的合并器中,基本部件是:控制中央处理器数字逻辑和一个并串行转换器。和数字逻辑结合在一起,控制中央处理器执行合并器的功能,具体地说,控制中央处理器和数字逻辑选择将要被合并的视频信号,并确保合并信号的完整性,这个过程是在逐个视频数据信息包在基础上完成的。许多种硬件和软件的组合能用来完成合并器的功能。
根据传送正确输出信号到机顶盒的需要,合并器能够以并行方式或串行方式来使用。合并器能够用于多种数字和模拟电缆端头配置。
本说明书叙述了四种不同种类的端头:模拟和数字混合、单一数字、数字进模拟出和能够传送数据信号中的电视节目信息到机顶终端的更复杂实施方案。每一个实施方案可以按模数方式建成。每一个实施方案可以为具有不同可用带宽的多路并置连结电缆系统服务。
本发明的目的是为有线电视传送系统提供一个数字电缆端头。
本发明的目的是为使用有线电视传送系统提供某些数字电缆端头的部件。
本发明的目的是为有线电视传送系统提供一个多用的合并器。
本发明的目的是提供能适用于数字环境和模拟环境的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能从一个卫星脉冲转发器接受多个视频/音频节目信号到观者家中的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能在多个从一个卫星脉冲转发器接收到的视频/音频节目中选出一个节目的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能够过滤掉在多个视频/音频节目信号中没有选中的节目。
本发明的目的是为电缆头终端提供一个能够把数字视频/音频信号和模拟视频/音频信号合并器部件。
本发明的目的是为电缆端头提供一个能够合并从各不同脉冲转换器收到的数字视频/音频信号的合并器部件。
本发明的目的是为电缆端头提供一个合并具有不同数据速率的视频/音频信号的合并器部件。
本发明的目的是为电缆端头提供一个能够执行信息包括转换的合并器部件。
本发明的目的是提供一个结合所选模拟和数字视频/音频信号的电缆端头,传送到观者家中。
本发明的目的是提供一个能够合并多个数字视频/音频信号成为多层节目的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能接收一个视频/音频节目广带宽的电缆端头。该电缆端头能从广带中选择节目,并能兼顾电缆头终端和观者用户之间的有限带宽。
本发明的目的是提供一个能兼顾电缆头终端和某些观者用户之间不同带宽可用性的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能解译信号的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能编译信号的电缆端头。
本发明的目的是提供一个能解译接收到的有多种编译方式的信号的电缆端头。
该电缆端头能够把将要传送到观者家中的信号编译成一种编译格式。
本发明的目的是提供一个模块式端头。
本发明的上述这些及其它目的和优点,本技术领域的专业人员,在阅览过以下附图及实施例,将会明白了解。
附图说明
图1是现有模拟电缆电视传送系统的简图。
图2是将来数字/模拟有线电视传送系统的简图。
图3a是具有一个电缆端头的简图。该电缆端头可为三个具有不同可用带宽的三个不同并行连置电缆系统提供服务。
图3b是服务于两个并行连置电缆系统的模块数字电缆端头的简图。
图4是供数字有线电视发送系统合并器的数字电缆端头主要部件的简图。
图5a是配有数字有线电视发送系统合并器的数字电缆端头主要部件的简图。
图5b是供合并数字及模拟有线电视发送系统用的数字模拟电缆端头主要部件的简图。
图6a是另一种实施例的主要部件简图,该实施例用于具有合并器和遥控访问的数字电缆端头。
图6b、6c是一个具有视频编译和解译功能的数字电缆端头实施例主要部件简图。
图7是一个具有合并器的数字电缆端头详细图。
图8是合并器部件简图。
图9a、b是合并器输出控制逻辑简图。
图10a是控制中央处理部件软件的高层次软件流程图,该控制中央处理部件软件控制合并器。
图10b是控制中央处理部件软件中(如图10a)所示控制输出门子程序流程图。
图10c是控制中央处理部件软件中(如图10a所示)删除信息包子程序流程图。
图11是一个用于数字电缆头终端的复杂节目传送系统。该电缆端头有一个机顶终端控制信息流。
图12是一有含有合并器和网络控制器的数字电缆头终端,实施例的简图,该数字电缆头终端可用于如图11所示的复杂节目传送系统。
优选实施例的详细说明
图1显示一个现有模拟电缆电视传送系统20的总体。在图1中,每一个卫星天线盘24将一个模拟电视节目和一个或多个卫星脉冲转发器26进行上行链接。每一个卫星接收天线盘28从一个卫星30接收脉转发信号。
在今天的模拟系统中,每个卫星30有多个脉冲转发器26。在一给定时间,每个脉冲转发器只能处理一个(在很少情况下处理二个)模拟电视节目。接收到的模拟电视节目信号被电缆头终端34合并,然后被送到并行连接电缆系统32。随着数字技术的引进,在模拟电视传送系统中,每一个脉冲转发器不再限制在一个节目上。
图2显示本发明数字/模拟电缆系统40的总体。在图2中,数字和模拟电视节目被上行链结到一个卫星41,并被一个电缆头终端42所接收。图2显示了一个模拟上行链结44,二个数字上行链结46,和一接收天线盘48。二个示意性的并置连结电缆系统50和电缆头终端42相连结。许多并行连结电缆能从电缆头终端42引伸出来。
本申请书假定在本技术领域的人熟悉活动图像和相关音频的数字编码。具体地说,优选实施例使用MPGE-2编码标准。本申请书假定在本技术领域的人熟悉MPEG-2标准。国际标准化组织系统委员会于1993年9月10日公布的MPEG-2系统工作起草提议(文件号ISO/IEC    JTC1/VVG11“NO531”MOEG93),通过引证结合在本申请中。
本发明数字电缆传送系统40总体上用数字压缩技术,以至于增加了现有卫星脉冲转发器52的容量至少为4∶1的比率,结果将节目传送能力增加了4倍。现在的数字压缩技术允许增加节目传送能力直至10倍。随着压缩技术的改进,比率还会增加。在卫星传送之前,含有电视节目的输入信号被压缩,合并和编码。现在有多种压缩算法能增加容量和改进本发明所希望的信号质量。
新系统的成就之一是有效地利用数字压缩技术。例如,利用现有的视频数字压缩技术,一个典型的50信道容量电缆卫星接收系统能够增加到300信道。在现行的模拟配置中,一个脉冲转发器用于每一个位星传送信道(见图1)。相比之下,本发明中传送系统40的一个实施例使用18个卫性脉冲、脉冲转换器和4∶1到8∶1比率以达到136卫星传送信道的容量。更多的脉冲发射器和更高的压缩比率能被利用,以增加任何现有电缆系统的容量。
典型的节目传送首先涉及视频信号数字化。数字化的信号能被任一种可用的数字压缩技术所压缩。有三种可用的数字压缩技术:帧内压缩、帧之间压缩和载体内压缩。所有这些技术都包含在MPEG压缩标准中。在压缩后,信道必须通过多路转换器,然后送到卫星天线盘(例如:数字上行链结46之一,天线盘54)。卫星天线盘将提供上行链结。在这个系统中,多路转换方案可以被采用。在一些情况下,在整个系统的不同部分采用不同的多路转换方案可能是有利的。例如,为卫星传送采用一种多路转换方案。为地面传送合成信号,在电缆头终端42则可采用另外一种多路转接方案。
一旦当信号到达上行链接,或达到主控制场所46,该信号一定要被调制,向上转换和放大。在该电缆电视组装和传送系统40中,有多种卫星和脉冲转换器41、52可被使用。脉冲转换器41和52能分别处理数字信号。在电缆电视传送系统中使用卫星41的一个例子是AT&TTELSTAR303。这些卫星41能用来传送数字和模拟节目。
在一个实施例中,正如在序号为07/991,074的在前申请中叙述的一样,在上行链接以前,操作中心56组装,输入到电缆电视传送系统20的输入信号。序号为07/991,074的在先申请的申请日是1992年12月9日,题目是带有驱动用户访问选项单的电视节目组装和传送系统。该在先申请书是同样的受让人申请的,现通过引证结合在本申请中。在事先组装的节目信号中含有能使在用户家中的设备上显示用于选择某个节目的选项单的信息,在组装以后,组装电视节目信号被准备好为卫星传送。通过卫星传送,组装节目信号从操作中心56被送到电缆头终端42。
取决于具体实施例,电视节目信号可能需要压缩,合成/多路转换、编码、变换、调制、向上转换和放大。数字电缆传送系统接收具有不同数据质量,来自好多个来源的视频、音频和数据信号。该数字电缆传送系统打算和现存C和KU波段卫星传送技术相兼容。
在电缆头终端42收到节目信号后,该信号被处理,并通过并置连结电缆系统50送到用户家中。在优选数字实施例中,信号以压缩格式送到用户家中的机顶终端58。因而在观看之前,信号一定要被复原。取消于具体的实施例,电视节目信号可通过不同的通讯媒体到达用户家中。例如:通过同轴电缆、双绞线、细胞电话、或予个人通讯网络。任何一个所述的传送媒体或在本领域所知的通讯手段,都能用来传送信号。
用户和电缆头终端42之间的连结允许和电缆头终端42进行双向通讯。通过使用双向通讯,电缆头终端42能够接收到有关用户帐户、帐单和所看节目的信息。另外,电缆头终端42能够传送计算机数据和计算机软件信息到用户家中。
如图2所示,一个模拟电缆电视系统40可以与本发明的数字压缩系统并存。电缆头终端42可以通过卫星41接收模拟电视节目,并且/或者可以接收地方性的模拟节目。
通过引进本发明的电缆头终端42,模拟电视节目可以和数字电视节目一起传送到用户家中。数字传送不会影响到模拟系统40,事实上,如果数字信号和模拟信号用两个不同的载频传送,6HMz模拟以电缆信号可以与数字信号在同一根电缆上同时使用本发明,电缆头终端42可以继续以模拟信号格式,向用户提供地方性信道。作为另外一种选择,在合并之前,电缆头终端42可将模拟信号数字化,然后数字化压缩。视频服务可用于接受从全国来的模拟输入,也可用于重新组装含有多个视频信道的数字多路转换输入。安装在观者家的电缆盒或机顶终端58可以配置仅适用于数字电视节目,仅适用于模拟电视节目,或适用两者。
带宽分配
图3a描述一个接收和发送电视信号的电缆端头42。更具体地说,图3a所示的电缆端头能够接收大量超过需要的电视节目,并能够传送恰当的电视节目到电缆系统的恰当部分。本发明的数字电缆端头能够以几种方法来执行带宽分配。
为了能够适用于具有不同带宽和频道容量的有线电视系统,电缆端头传送具有不同带宽的信号到并置连结电缆系统部分。为了实现这个分类,电视节目可能会被分成几部分,例如优先一、优先二和优先三节目。大带宽电缆电视系统能适用于电视节目的所有部分(优先一、优先二和优先三)。通过仅接受电缆系统能够在其带宽范围内处理的部分,在电缆端头和观者家中有严格的带宽限制的电视系统可以使用节目传送系统。
例如,如图3a所示,每个并置连结电缆系统60、62和64接收每个系统所能够处理的信息部分,这样三个具有不同带宽电缆的电视系统就能同时使用节目传送系统40和电缆端头42。所有的三个系统都能接收优先权一电视节目。数字容量最小的电缆电视系统是不能接受优先权二电视节目的。在这个例子中,48兆赫系统60是不能收到优先权二电视节目的(8个6兆赫区段的40频道是为数字传送保留的)。两个有较大容量的电缆电视系统62、64分别接受使用优先权二电视节目。只有具有最大容量的电视系统64能使用优先权三电视节目。电视系统64能处理所有的三部分一优先权一、优先权二和优先权三(如果需的话),节目选项信息。
由于分割电视节目,多种具有不同系统容量的并置连结电缆系统能同时使用节目传送系统40和电缆端头42。通过把经常观看的或获利更高的节目放在优先权一部分,在有限带宽尽量许可的情况下,有线电视的用户和拥有人得到了兼顾。
通过使用这个优先实施例,上行链接能把信号“S”送到卫星41。卫星41把信号“S”送到电缆端头42。每个电缆头终端42接收全部信号。并且通过去掉卫星信号“S”中不能为地方性电缆系统60、62、64所处理的部分,每个电缆端头42为地方性电缆系统将信号用户化。这样就不需要上行链接46为具有不同容量电缆端头42的接收发送不同信号。
电缆端头42可以用好多种方法去掉不必要的信号。根据以上的解释及以下讨论的三个例子,熟悉本领域的人可以引伸出许多方法来。
第一种方法是在将要被送出信号中的每一部分设置一个独立的首部。电缆端头42然后将识别首部,并只把有恰当识别首部的信号送到并置连结电缆系统。用如图3a所示的三个并置连结的电缆系统60、62、64为例,首部可能是“001”、“002”、“003”。宽带宽并置连接电缆系统64能够接收含有所有三个首部的信号。然而,窄带宽并置连结电缆系统60可能只能接收首部为“001”的信号。
对于第一种方法,一个中央操作中心56必须将节目信号分成三部分,在送出每个信号部分之前,必须送出独立的先行首部。这种方法需要在节目中花费一个额外首部信号开销。当需要时,首部不时被发出。
第二种方法需要有一组脉冲转发器52专用于一个优先级别,根据对并置连结电缆系统60、62、64恰当的优先级别,电缆端头42发送来自于脉冲转发器的信号。例如,如果有三个优先级别和18个脉冲转发器52,脉冲转发器52中的一到九可能专用于优先级别一,脉冲转发器中的十到十四可能专用于优先级别二,脉冲转发器中的十五到十八可能专用于优先级别三。因此,一个只能在优先级别二工作的并置连结电缆系统(例如,中等带宽系统62)只能接收来自于脉冲转换器52中的一到九和电缆端头中的十到十四的信号。来自脉冲转发器十五到十八的信号将不会被传送到优先级别二的并置连结电缆系统。
在第三种方法中,电缆端头42从每个脉冲转换器中采集和选出的电视节目中建立用户化的优先权一信号,优先权二信号和优先权三信号。在为并置连结电缆系统60、62、64服务中,电缆端头42传送恰当的用户化信号到并置连结电缆系统60、62、64的每一部分。第三种方法需要电缆终端42具有一个如下所述的合并器部件。为了在并置连结电缆系统上进一步传送,这个部件能在合并信号前选择节目。以这种方式,一个数字节目可能从脉冲转发器52载带的多个数字节目中挑选出来。
在图3b示意的例子中,一个电缆端头42为二个并置连接电缆系统提供服务。特别地,图3b提供了一个适用于传送不同信号到不同并置连结电缆系统的模块化解决问题方法。
在这个例子中,通过卫星或地面传输线,射频信号被接收到,然后被送到不同的二组设备。在图3b中,数字设备或至电缆端头中现有的模拟设备产生一个550兆赫信号(一个具有550兆赫带宽的信号是在0至550兆赫频谱之间)。这个550兆赫信号在并置连结电缆系统74上传送。(在优选实施方案中,频谱0至50兆赫是为来自于机顶终端的上游信号活动而保留的。)第二组数字设备76产生一个从550到750兆赫范围的200兆赫信号。为了在第二个并置连结电缆系统78上传送,550兆赫信号(从0至550兆赫)和200兆赫信号合并,从而产生一个750兆赫信号(从0至750兆赫)。在必要的时候,多路转换器80将被使用。
图3b中的系统能够支持具有550兆赫容量的机顶转换盒58以及具有750兆赫容量的机顶转换盒58。在这个具体的实施方案中,750兆赫机顶终端58能够处理在从550到750兆赫范围内的数字视频信号。
使用这个调制设备概念,可以为观者用户产生几乎任何具有不同带宽信号的组合。另外,该系统能把模拟和数字信号送到同一个并置连结电缆系统。使用图3b所示的系统可以在模拟和数字混合系统上合并48兆赫、72兆赫和108兆赫,或其它数字容量的带宽。另外,将一个较小带宽数字信号(例如,0至550兆赫)和一个较大带宽数字信号(例如,0至750兆赫)合并是可能的。
理想的是,550兆赫设备组72能够在许多从多个射频信号70上接收到节目中(或频道中频挑选特定的节目或频道)。另外一种方案是,某些射频信号70可以被送到550兆赫设备组72,另外一些射频信号72可能只能被送到200兆赫设备组76。这种方案能通过分配每组设备接收来自于一个特定卫星脉冲转发器52的信号(例如,脉冲转发器1到9分配给设备组一,脉冲转发器10到14分配给设备组二)。使用一个解调头终端设计能分配多层优先级到观者家中。如果脉冲转换器52被指定或分配到一定的优先级别,那么每个设备组也能被分配到优先级别,并能从特定的脉冲转换器收到信号。
数字方案
图4显示了一个数字端头42的基本部件。数字端头42有插入地方性节目(也称作地方有效信息84)的能力。所示的端头42从每个脉冲转换器52接收一个射频信号70,并且通过一个集成接收调解器(IRD)86)(或集成接收发送器(1RT))处理每个信号。每个脉冲转换器所发出的信号载带多个节目(视频/音频信号)。为了以后能插入地方性节目,一个信号分离器88用来把信号分离成分散的视频/音频信号。另外,脉冲转换器脉冲载带的数据被分离出来并送到一个控制中央处理部件90。
通过一个操作员的手工操作或者通过一个来自于全国性场所(没有图示)的遥远信号,地方性有效信息84(或者地方性节目)被送到控制中央处理部件90。一个工作站91或者一个具有图像显示和控制滑鼠的工作站91是更优先的。使用工作站91能把许多命令和各种数据送到控制中央处理部件90。调制解调器116用于接收来自于一个遥远场所的地方备有信息84。多种通讯方法可用来接收来自于遥远场所的地方性有效信息。通过使用从地方性有效信息中分离出来的数据信号和信息,控制中央处理部件90利用地方性插入设备92插入必要的地方性节目。
理想的是,为了直接在分别馈送94中插入,由本地插入设备接收地方性节目(以数字视频/音频格式)。分别馈送94可以是一个送到数字编码器96的模拟馈送,或是一个直接数字馈送98。地方性节目可以是商业广告或者详细节目。根据控制中央处理部件90的指示,本地插入设备把地方性节目加到数字视频信号上去。在信号流过本地插入设备92后,多路转换器100和调制器对该信号进行处理,已便把该信号送到观者家中的机顶终端58上去。
通过使用来自脉冲转发器52和地方性备有信息84,如图所示的控制中央处理机90产生称为机顶终端控制信息流(STTClS)的数字数据信号。经过调制的机顶端控制信息流被送到机顶终端58上去(如在以下图11和图12中讨论的),多种协助机顶终端58的信息可以带以控制信息流中。对于不能使用STTCIS带有机顶终端的系统,这个数据信号是没有必要的。
带有合并器的数字方案
图5a显示一个仅能处理数字电视节目信号103的合并器104的电缆端头42基本部件的操作受控制中央处理部件90控制。控制中央处理部件90可能接收来自遥远来源(没有被图示)的数据信号。
在解调器106解调输进信号,信号分离器88分离输进信号成为分离电视节目以后,该输入信号在信息包开关中被处理,并和其他电视节目信号合并。在控制中央处理部件90的协助下,合并器104执行合并功能。
在合并以后,这个信号被调制器102调制,并被传送到观者家中的一个或多个并置连结电缆系统50。如果电缆系统的不同部分需要不同的电视节目带宽,合并器104需要更多的软件和硬件。正如以后所述的,为适用于具有不同带宽的并置连结电缆系统,多个合成器104可以并联或串联使用。另外,如图3b所示,一个调制系统设计可以使用多个合并器104。
为端头42所接收数字信号的一部分可能是来自于遥远地方的数字数据信号103。在被送到控制中央处理器90前,调解器106处理数字数据信号103。如有必要,控制中央处理部分90将使这个信号协助合并过程。
带有合并器的数字和模拟版本
除了模拟信号107和数字信号103能被端头42操纵以外,图5b中的系统和图5a中的系统相仿。模拟电视节目信号107能被编码器108数字化,并且送过合并器104。或者模拟电视节目信号107被模拟解调器110所处理。尽管有多种数字编码可用,一种MPEG编码器是优选的。MPEG编码器108在同一步中执行数据化和压缩功能。合并器104接收数字化的模拟信号107,为了传送给观者,在需要的情况下和数字节目信号合并。
经调制的模拟信号107以合适的还未使用的带宽位置(现时,需要6兆赫可用带宽)直接送到并置连结电缆系统。使用在端头42包括模拟节目的方法产生为机顶终端58所使用的混合模拟和数字信号。为了处理混合的模拟和数字节目信号,合适的机顶终端58调谐到在信号频谱中正确的6兆赫。
尽管包括模拟信号107的两种方法在同一端头中介绍,每一个方法自己是足够的。
使用数字编码器108的数字化模拟节目信号107是优选的,因为这种方法允许传送完全数字输出到观者家中。使用数字编码器108也简化控制中央处理器90插入地方性节目。
对系统操作的详细介绍
图6A较详细地显示了一个仅能够处理数字信号117的先进系统终端42的实施方案,这个实施显示了在发送到终端42之前,脉冲转发器52的信息其内容被组装或组织。例如,第一个脉冲转发器转载体育节目,第二个脉冲转发器转载电影,第三个脉冲转发器转载杂志等等。对于系统42的操作,这种节目组织是没有必要的。
这个实施方案也为调制解调器116提供了一个对控制中央处理部件90的遥远控制。图6a的实施例使用MPEG2数字编码技术。许多像MPEG之类的技术备用的,它们能用于本发明。
集成接收部件(IRCs)118解调和复原(如果必要的话)接收脉冲转发器信号。该脉冲转发器信号可能包含4、6、8或更多的视/音频信息信道。IRC118把脉冲转发信号解调成多路转换数字化MPEG2格式视频的数字位流。在另外的一个实施方案中,多路MPEG信号传输到端头42之前先行编码,然后由IRC118译码。
信号分离器120把多路转换的信号分离成个别的MPEG格式的数字频道。尽管图6a显示了每个IRC118被硬连接到特定的信号分离器120,信号分离器120能够连接任一个IRC118是更可取的。具体地说,优选的控制中央处理部件90分配信号分离器120去接收来自一个选中IRC118的多路转换MPEG信号。取决于接收到的脉冲转接器信号,信号分离器可能有4、6、8或有更多的到合并器的连接。控制中央处理部件90有选择的允许启用信号分离器120输出。然后,这些允许启用的信号分离器输出送到合并器104。
在图6a中,一个遥远的地点(例如一个全国性的地点)通过一个解制器116或一个相似连结给控制中央处理部件90发指示。因而,这个遥远地点能够控制信号分离器120的输出。另外一种方法是,不是允许启用信号分离器120的输出,而是用控制中央处理部件90去选择合并器104输入。通过允许启动或选择信号分离器的输出,控制中央处理器控制哪些电视节目被合并和传送到观看者那儿去。
合并器104把允许启动或选择的信号分离器120的输出合并成恰当的格式。合并器104然后输出信号到数字式调制器102。仅管一个数字正交调幅QAM或相似设备是优选的,多种不同类形的调制技术能用于本发明。
正交调幅器输出一个和其它载体合并的调制射频载体到电缆系统50。在用户家中的转换盒58选择和解调一个被用者选中的具体频道。仅管电缆是最普通的用于用户家中的传送媒体,包括光导纤维、微波传送或电话线的任何媒体都能用来载带信号。
除了具有额外的纠错设备124和编码/解码设备126,图6b还显示了一个和图6a几乎相同的实施方案。几乎所有数字纠错设备124和纠错技术都能用来保持数字视频/音频数据的完整性。仅管纠错能在好多个场合进行(例如,在信号分离器前或在合并过程中),在合并之前纠错是优先进行的。
图6b显示了一个能执行译码和/或加密(如果必要的话)的实施方案例。在这个实施方案中,译码和加密设备设置在信号分离器120和合并器104之间。对于数字加密来说,还没有电缆工业标准。一般来说,每个机顶终端售主使用一个分别的加密/译码方法。在将来大型数字传送系统中,在节目被转接前,数字视频信息将可能被加密以适应特定机顶终端售主加密设备。因而,在被脉冲转换器52收到的加密信号之间和在被服务的数字终端42的机顶终端设备58之间可能会产生不兼容的问题。通过在终端42使用译码和加密设备126,这个不兼容的问题可以被解决。
一旦信号117被信号分离器120分离成分开的视频“频道”,就可能进行译码和加密。不需要的加密格式可以被译码去掉。在传送信号到机顶终端58前(在终端头42处)对信号加密能产生一种新的加密方法。这个新的加密方法和被终端42服务的机顶终端58保持一致。仅管多种数字加密方法可用于本发明,广泛使用在国防工业的数字加密标准DES是一个优选的方法。
仅管按图所示译码/加密设备126设在信号分离器120之后,位于纠错设备124和合并器104之间,译码/加密设备可以设置在另外的地方。例如,该设备可设置在合并器104的一些部件之中(在以后叙述),或该设备也可设置在一个与可纠错设备124的不同位置。
图6c显示了一个使用合并器104的数字进模拟出的电缆头终端42'。合并器104由MPEG解码器132和模拟调制器134组成。视频信号以数字格式被接收、处理、转换,然后被传送到机顶终端58。在这个特定的设计中,视频信号从数字格式转换成模拟格式,以便传送到机顶终端58(以模拟格式)。这个实施例能实现通过卫星的压缩视频传送,而不用改变模拟机顶终端58的大安装底座。
射频信号70能被卫星的终端42,地面导线或其它通讯装置所接受。所示的控制中央处理机90可以被遥远控制,或者给予地方指示。根据数字视频信号的子集标识符,控制中央处理部件指示信号分离器120为了终端42'进一步处理这个视频信号子集被选择。
在数字视频选择后,解码器132被处理这个数字视频信号。图6c显示了每一个信号是通过一个MPEG解码器132被处理的。本领域的专业人士将认识到多种编码和译码方法可以被使用。随着解码以后,在传到机顶终端58(没有图示)之前,每一个模拟视频信号是通过一个模拟调制器134而被处理的,这个配置可用多个IRCs118,信号分离器120,MPEG译码器132和模拟调制器134。终端头42'的尺寸大小受到订户可用带宽限制。
以下是一个正在被处理体育节目的例子。电缆端头42从专门用于体育节目的脉冲转发器52接受需要的体育节目。分配用于体育节目的脉冲转发器52被指示去选择需要的体育节目。这个体育节目然后被解码成模拟格式并通过模拟调制器134被处理。模拟调制器134可能把这个节目变成在并置连接电缆系统50上6兆赫可用带宽(例如在544兆赫和550兆赫之间)。
合成器104可和多种端头42部件一起使用。根据本发明的精神和范围,熟悉本领域的人将认识到多种部件可用来代替终端头42。
合并系统硬件
图7较详细地显示了一个含有合并器104的电缆端头42实施方案。具体地说,图7描述了合并器104的主要部件140。主要部件140包括提供选择功能的部件和执行信号合并的其它部件142。选择功能部件包括信号分离器144和数字逻辑部件146。选择功能部件接收来自于控制中央处理部件90的指示。并串转换器148执行合并器104的最后一步,合并信号。
在这个实施方案中,控制中央处理部件90和任何一个地方性备有84一起接受数据。控制中央处理部件90产生一个数据信号和机端控制信息流。数据信号被数据调制器102处理,并被传送到机顶终端58。控制中央处理部件还传送控制信息到数字逻辑146。
控制信号指示在视频的数字逻辑146合并。数字逻辑146选择将要被合并的视频信号,并以一个恰当的时间顺序传达视频信号到并串转换器148。随后,并串转换器148建立一个传送到机顶终端58的信号。
除了向合并器104提供用于视频选择的指令以外,控制中央处理部件90完成合并过程,并监视这个过程以确保合并数信号的完整性。图7的硬件配置能适用任何数量的脉冲转发器52和视频/音频信号。取决于具体实施方案,调制器102的需要数目有所有不同。
图8是合并器104优选设计的详细简图。合并器104的硬件由以下逻辑部件组成:配置方框152,逻辑方框153,控制先进先出154,先进先出156,输出门158和并串转换器148。为了传送信号到机顶终端58之前调制信号调制器102设置在合并器104之后。图8的方案能适用任何数目的视频信号。
配置方框接收来自于控制中央处理部件90的指示。根据将要被传送的视频信号,配置方框152指示控制先进先出154和逻辑方框153。配制方框152提供必要的信息去分配先进先出156处理包含在数字视频数据流168中的具体节目信号,以达到为合成器104提供配制。
逻辑方框153由下列子逻辑部件组成:接收器162,标识检查164,和循环冗余检验(CRC166)。逻辑方框153接受数字频道数据流168、时钟信号170,和(来自配置方框)配制信号172。逻辑单元153输出控制信号到控制先进先出154,并输出数据信号176到一组先进先出156。接收器162和标识检查164利用配置信号去决定将要通过先进先出156的视频信号的标识。以这样的方式,逻辑方框153把视频数据流分成它的组成部分。标识检查164检查和视频数据相连的地址(或其它标识数据),以便把视频信号分离成部分。每一部分是一个不同的节目。逻辑方框所包括循环冗余码检验166或其它检查。
每一个先进先出156用作为一个缓冲区,暂时存储器,并传送组装视频到输出门158。每一个先进先出156和一个逻辑门相连是优选的。在电子工业中广泛使用的先进先出156和逻辑门能提供上述的能力。在这个优先实施方案中,先进先出156包括电平指示器或“触发点”,以协助控制中央处理部件90紧密地监视数据流动。为了限制区段的分裂,先进先出156至少有足够大的容量存储整数目的数据区段或数据信息包是优先的。
如果节目延迟和节目计划监督变化是允许的话,先进先出156可能要提供大的暂时存储器。这个存储容量将允许监督时间在节目中移动,以保证没有溢出的情况。先进先出156一定要足够的大,以处理最坏的情况或处理所有信道中最快的脉冲串而不产生溢出。先进先出156任何数据丢失都会产生图像中断。这种图像破裂会给观者带来不舒服的感觉。
在这个优选实施方案中,成本和保持精确节目计划是重要的,而先进先出的容量不足以防止外溢。不管先进先出156,时间考虑仍然是重要的。先进先出156的大小是由一系列因素决定的,例如成本,可接受的数据丢失程度,计划和时间的考虑。在决定为任何一个特定实施方案所需先进先出156大小时,这些因素必须被综合考虑。
数据重新同步是合并器104任何中的一个复杂部分、逻辑单元153监督所有先进先出156的复杂部分。按照一个固定算法,逻辑单元将控制输出门158。逻辑单元153和控制先进先出154以不变的输出速度开启和关闭门158。这个不变的输出速度不会造成先进先出156溢出。有时,数据流太慢。在最终向并串转换器148输出前的数据需要被填入数据流168中。对于维持到机顶终端58的整个信息流的速度,这是有必要的。
输出门158传送视频到并行转换器148。并串转换器148把来自于先进先出156的数据流168(8个二进制位宽是优先的)转换成单个的二进制输出流。这个数据流被送到电缆系统或其它传送媒体。
图9a和9b显示了合并器104硬件实现的较详细图。图9a显示了合并器104的具体硬件的实施方案。这个实施方案使用了集成接收解调器86和正交调幅102。图9b显示可设置在远离合成器104的输出控制逻辑190。在这个优先实施方案中,输出控制逻辑设置在控制中央处理部件90和合并成器104之间。
参照图9a,一个来自卫星41的射频信号70被接收,并被送到集成接收解调器86。集成接收解调器86把该信号处理成MPEG数据信号176和时钟信号170。MPEG数据信号和时钟信号170都被送到数据接收器162。
接收器162从集成接收解调器86接收串行MPEG数据流。接收器162把数据转换成并行8个二进位字长信息。地址检查164'(或其它的标志或地址检查164')把每个收到的8位二进制数据和存在地址检查164'中的地址进行对比。如果有一个地址相符合,这个特定的信息包数据被送到恰当的用于处理具有该地址数据的先进先出156。如果没有任何地址相符合,这个数据不会被传送到任何先进先出156。换句话说并不需要的视频/音频数据流将被忽视,该数据流不会被传到任何先进先出156。
每个先进先出156分配于处理一个特定的视频信号。这些分配可以动态的来进行。这些分配没有特定的顺序,任一先进先出156能分配于任一个视频信号。在另外一个具有不同大小的先进先出156的实施方案中,较快的视频信号被分配到较大的先进先出156。因为每个先进先出156被分配于接收含有分配给该先进先出156恰当地址的MPEG信息包。
先进先出控制154也增加先进先出156输入地址记数器。以这种方式,控制逻辑154输入地址记数器。能够控制输入到先进先出156视频信息包的层次,并能在先进先出156达到它的容量时把恰当的信号送到控制中央处理部件90。先进先出控制154也允许控制中央处理部件90监督每个先进先出156的层次。
先进先出控制方框154增加先进先出156输入和输出地址计数器。以这种方式,先进先出控制方框能够跟踪输入和输出流入到每个先进先出156。
循环冗余码检验(CRI166)计算为在传送中的信息包中的数据部分循环冗余码166,以至于当最后数据字节锁存在先进先出156时,计算出来的循环冗余码156进行比较。如果在32位循环冗余码166中有一位多位的差别,一个错误标并被设置以指示一个有缺陷的信息包正在通过。控制中央处理90和控制逻辑154一定要决定是否要传送有缺陷信息包。在并串转换器148之后,但调制前纠正错误也是有可能的。
每次当输出门158被允许启动,几个信息包被传送到并串转换器148。在优先的实施方案中,信息包的子集是不能被传送到并串转换器148的。并串转换器148把来自于先进先出156的8位字长的数据转换成一个字位的输出流。
软件
图10a是一个用于操作合成器104的高层次软件流程图。这个软件驻存在控制中央处理部件90中。控制中央处理部件90把恰当的指示送到合成器104的整个部件,以确保选择恰当的视频,并确保视频信号以恰当的方式合并。所有图10a到10c的软件都要用硬件来实现。作为合并器104的一部分,软件子程序可用硬线连接。
控制中央处理部件首先从一个中央场所(方框200)接收命令。这些命令包括哪一视频信号应该被选中。这些命令还包括其它信息,诸如信号类型(快速或慢速视频信号)是否信号被编码和所使用的编码方法等等。视频信号能按数据流动字位速度分类。诸如慢媒介和快数据流动。快速视频或具有大量移动的快速变化视频比慢速移动视频或静止视频需要更快的字位速度。
某些视频区段(或频道)需要较少数据流动,因为较少背景移动(慢视频信号)。其它视频区段可能需要更多的视句流动,因为较多的背景移动和细节变化(快速视频信号)。例如:体育和电影中的动作景象比静画面或者大多以蓝天作背景的画面要更多的视频数据。在这个优先实施方案中,控制中央处理部件从中央地点接收视频区段中这类信息。另外一种方法,使用在终端42的数据设备可决定视频类型(快速或慢速)。这个数字设备感测出数据量,并决定被接受的视频类型。
根据在功能块200中收到来自于中央地点的信息,控制中央处理部件将检查被中央地点要求的信频合成是一种可接受的视频输入合成功能块2041。如果中央地点(功能框200)请求了一个超出了位于那个电缆终端42中合并器104的能力,一个通知信号(功能框208)将被送到中央地点(功能框200),以便请求新信息。视频信号的合成(功能框200)可能因很多原因而不恰当。比如包含太多视频输入(这是被决定步骤框204决定的)或者太多的视频信号包被合并(或者太快的变化视频,快速视频)。尽管对于从中央地点收到的信息只有一次验证检查,对本领域熟悉的人将会认识到可以对从中央地点收到的信息进行许多验证检查。在验证以后,通过或拒绝信号会被送到中央地点。
在验证检查以后,控制中央处理部件90把视频配置数据送到配置逻辑(功能框212)。这个配置数据将通知每个选中视频信号和否定选重视频信号的合并器104。
软件(功能框200)在不规则的时间中接收来自于中央地点的信息,验证这信息产生送到配置逻辑的配置数据(功能框212)。软件其它的部分应被有规则地执行。
控制中央处理部件90监督(功能块216)每个先进先出156,以便决定先进先出156装满的百分比。为了完成这一任务,控制中央处理部件将从控制先进先出154或每个个别的先进先出156接收电子信号。分析这些信号能够决定每个先进先出156的层次。在这个分析以后,控制中央处理部件将决定是否有任何一个先进先出156超出了装满容量百分比的第一极限(比例75%被装满)(决定功能框220)。如果有一先进先出156超过了第一容量装满极限,那么一个溢出条件即存在。如果有一个溢出条件,控制中央处理部件90必须采取步骤决定哪一个信息包要被删除。这个删除过程将要在图10c中进一步叙述。恰当数目的数据信息包被删除,以便排除溢出条件。在这以后,系统将控制输出门(功能框228)。当然,如果没有溢出条件,系统可以直接控制输出门(功能框228)。控制中央处理部件90指示输出门(功能框228)在恰当的时间开启。这个将在以大结合图10b更详细的说明。
在控制输出门以后(功能框228),控制中央处理部件决定从中央场所来的进一步信息是否收到了(功能框200)或者是要重新配置选中的视频(决定功能框232)。如果控制中央处理部件90收到了来自中央地点新信号(功能框200),部件90就处理这些信号并决定是否有视频选择变化。如果部件90还没有收到任何来自于中央地点的信号当改变选中的视频是必须的时候,它仍然决定是否到达了一定时间片隔(比例一小时或半小时)。如果变化或新的配置是需要的,软件将在处理配置的子程序中循环。
图10b是一个为控制输出门(功能框228)程序流的例子。控制中央处理部件90接收在每个先进先出156数据层次中,具体的信息(功能框236)。部件90检查每一个先进先出156,以决定先进先出被装满容量的百分比(功能框240)。在这个检查以后,控制中央处理部件90决定每个先进先出156的顺序优先权(功能框244)。
多种分析和统计方法能用来决定每个先进先出156的顺序优先权。一些应该考虑的因素是:输送到先进先出156的视频是否是快速视频输入,先进先出156接收在视频输入中的附加信息的速度,和在先进先出156中最近是否有视频信息包被删除了。
决定优先权最简单的方法是把具有最小(所剩)可用容量的先进先出156安排成第一顺序优先权。以这种方式,先进先出156将按照它们的层次被排顺序。然而,为了产生精确先进先出156的优先顺充和从合并器104产生更好的效果,其它信息也应该考虑。例如,和有同样装满程度,接受“慢速”视频信号,并在最近采样中表明接收大量数据的先进先出156有更大可能需要更高的优先权。通过使用合适的优先权顺序,能避免大多数溢出条件。
在优先化以后,控制中央处理部件90走入下一个先进先出156(功能框248)。在这时,控制中央处理部件开启恰当的先进先出输出门,以便送出视频音频信息(功能框252)。
图10c显示了一个简单的例子,有关在控制中央处理部件90中的软件如何处理溢出条件。子程序224必须决定哪个视频如在功能块256所示音频信息包必须被删除和多少信息包要被删除。如在(功能框200)所示,在进入这个程序软件必须纠正溢出条件。这个子程序的第一步是软件检查造成溢出条件的先进先出156。这个子程序然后决定在这个造成溢出条件先进先出156中的下一个MPEG视频信号信息包是不是一个较不重要的视频信息包(决定功能框260)。有许多方法来定义较不重要的视频信息包。然而,在大多数情况下时间和同步信息是被认为重要的。一个转不重要的视频信息包的例子是一个含有关于视频图像细节的信息包。一个较不重要MPEG视频信息包提供在活动图像中细节的视频信息。
如果下一个MPEG信息包是较不重要信息(例如,细节),这个较不重要的信息包可能被删除(功能框264)。如果在溢出的先进先出156中下一个信息包不是较不重要的信息包,系统则移到下一个具有第二最高容量层次的先进先出156。子程序224现在将返回检查(功能框260)。这个先进先出156,以便决定下一个MPEG信息包是一个较不重要的MPEG信息包。这个在每个先进先出156中查出较不重要信息的循环,将会停止如果下列二个事件中的一个在先发声。找到了一个较不重要的信息包,或检查过了所有先进先出156。
一旦子程序224找到了一个删除信息包或查找了所有的先进先出156,它要作出另外一个决定。子程序224的下一个决定是否有必要删除另外的信息包。为了作出这个决定,子程序224决定是否有任何先进先出156超出了第二个极限层次(例如,80%或90%装满)(决定功能框272)。如果有先进先出156超出了第二个极限层次,那么子程序224将删除整个MPEG视频信息包(功能框276),但它不删除时间信息。从已被子程序224删除细节信息的先进先出156中删除MPEG视频信息包是可取的。
如果第二极限层次没有达到,那么子程序224检查第一极限层次是否达到(功能框280)。如果第一极限层次仍然被超过,子程序224重新开始整个过程去寻找一个将被删去的具有细节MPEG信息包的先进先出156。
随着防止溢出问题活动程度的变化,多个极限层可以被检查(例如:75%、85%、95%),对于一个较高的极限层次,子程序224为防止对观者产生信号干扰而采取的行动会有更大(更严重)的害处。
尽管子程序224可以用多种方式执行,最新删除对系统视频信号有最少影响的(较不重要的MPEG信息包(功能块276)是优先的。因而,同步信号不应该被删除。首先删除细节MPEG视频信号信息是优先的。使用所示的子程序224,在快速移动视频中的细节MPEP信息包(功能框276)有可能是最先被删除的信息包。这些信息对于用户的图像有最小的影响。因为是快速移动视频图像,提供图像细节的MPEG信息包,有可能不被观者的眼睛注意到。如果更大的更重要的信息包需要删除,观者可能会注意到在他的图像中有瞬时停止或屏幕的一部分有稍微的失真。这种情况会发生,因为刷新屏幕的下一个图像被删除了,造成下一个图像被延迟。熟悉本技术领域的人将会认识到可以许多种子程序224来控制溢出条件。
先进的实施方案:
图11显示了一个更复杂的节目传送系统40的操作总体图。图12是一个支持更复杂节目传送系统40的优先实施例的简图。这个实施例把合并器104结合到一个能够向观众提供先进电视特点的更先进的电缆电视传送系统。该实施方案所示的端头42有二个部分:信号处理器300和网络控制器304。合并器104是信号处理器300的一部分。
所示的操作中心56是执行程序组装和传送控制的中心地点200。节目组装涉及组织节目和组织用于电缆端头42以及观众的电视节目数据信息。根据该优先实施方案中,在被传送到卫星41,组装的节目信号在主控制上行链接地点被处理。多种卫星多从访问方案和结构能用于本系统,包括每一裁体单一信道(SCPC)频率分割多路传送(FDM)和每一裁体多个信道(MCPC)时间分割多路传送(TDM)。时间分割多路传送是更想望的方案。信号从卫星41被传送到电缆端头42。电缆端头42处理信号,并将信号送到订户家中。题为用于电缆电视传送系统的操作中心专利申请更详细地叙述了这个操作中心,同一个受让人在1993年11日提出了申请。这个申请经引证结合在本说明书中。
电缆端头42接收来自于卫星41经数字化压缩和多路转换的信号,并处理这个信号,以便进一步分配到订户家中。本实施方案的电缆端头42在电缆传送系统中执行两个主要功能。第一,它担当信号处理器300和输送数字化压缩信号到订户的分配中心。第二,它担当网络控制器304,接收来自于订户的数据和传送信息到操作中心56以及其它遥远场所(诸如地区性统计和帐目地点没有被图示)。
为了能执行这第二个功能,本优先实施例有两个能在一起工作的计算机处理器。使用第五个能在一起工作的计算机处理器。使用二个处理器执行不同功能增加了电缆头终端的速度和容量而不至于显著地增加成本。一个处理器(在信号处理系统中的控制中央处理器90)接收处理和合并向用户提供的卫星41信号。第二个处理器担当网络控制器304,并且监督用户机顶终端58的活动。电缆端头42能被一个中央处理部件或一系列中央处理部件操作。这些中处理部件执行控制中央处理部件90和网络控制的功能。
当需要时,信号处理系统300将处理信号,以便为用户的机顶终端58所使用。在最简单的实施方案中,信号处理系统300的必要的处理量受到多路分解和频率分配的限制。但是,在优先实施方案中,信号处理系统300分多路分解信号,用合并器104处理信号,分配频率,然后在分配信号到用户家中之前用不同的多路转换方案重新多路转换信号。另外,对于需要在电缆端头42控制地方性可用时间的实施方案,信号处理系统一定要能够压缩,并将额外信号加到卫星41的信号中去。
为了结合地方性节目,信号处理器300将要多路分解卫星41信号,压缩地方性信号,把压缩的地方信信号合并到卫星41信号中去,然后再传送到用户端58前多路转换该信号。如前所述,合并器104可能以模拟方式合并地方性节目。信号处理系统300自动执行大多数合并地方性节目的必要活动。如图2所示,在优先实施例中,数字处理系统和带有全部必要的数字开关能力,以便为多个用户和多重叠置连接电缆系统50服务。
尽管这是可能的,电缆端头42不处理任何视频压缩是优先可取的。只有在电缆系统所采用的压缩算法不同于传送41所用的压缩算法时,在传送终端42信号到用户前,被终端42收到的信号必须被反压缩。为了保持需要的信号质量和用于这两个传送媒体的吞吐量,分别的压缩算法可以被使用。另外,如果电缆端头42操作员希望以数字格式把地方性模拟信号传送到观众,数字压缩是被需要的。在被传送到观众家中之前,这些被电缆端头42收到的模拟信号需要编码(如图4和5b所示)。
在这个优先实施方案,在网络终端控制器304和机顶终端58之间的双向通讯是经电缆线进行的。网络控制器304兼顾相互作用的电视节目。另外对于故障查找,特别影片和复杂的电视节目,网络终端控制器304能够通过电话线访问机顶终端58。
为了执行这一功能,网络终端控制器304必须紧密地和数字处理系统300一起工作。在许多情况下,在被传送到机顶终端前,从操作中心56收到的数字信号(也称作为节目控制信息信号)必须被修改。和数字处理系统300配合一起工作,网络控制器304修改节目控制信息,以便传送机顶终端控制信息流(STTCIS)。网络终端控制器304接收来自于信号处理300的节目控制信息。操作中心56在这个节目控制信息中加入电缆特许的具体信息。如有必要,网络控制器304修改节目控制信息信号,并把新的信息送到信号处理系统300。信号处理系统300然后把这个信息以STTCIS格式送到机顶终端58。在大多数情况下,网络控制器304通过加入附加信息来修改节目控制信息。在一个简单实施例中,程序控制信息信号可以不加任何修改地通过电缆头终端42到达机顶终端58。
尽管信号处理系统300能够把简单地方性可用性(例如地方性广告)信息加入到将被送到了机顶终端58的信号中去,网络处理系统300能处理任何更加复杂的地方性需要,诸如相互作用节目和某些数据服务。网络控制器304接收任何被机顶终端58传送的电子信号,包括相互作用服务请求和某些数据服务请求。网络控制器304协调必要的开关转换和访问,以便允许订户享用这些服务。
网络控制器304有能力执行现场传送节目的变化,协助遮盖用户屏幕的一个部分(分开屏幕视频),协助选择从同一个视频中选则不同音频信号(外国语言),协助相互作用特点和建立捆扎节目等等。在程序的最后一分钟修改时(例如本地紧急情况或重要地区事件),操作员可以使用网络控制器304来修改正在传递的程序控制信息信号和改变订户可用的选项单。这样可兼顾到对节目信息包括临时注意到的修改。操作中心56不能事先提供这种临时注意到的修改、为了适用于PROMO和DEMO的分割屏幕技术,那些不需要的屏幕视频信号一定要被掩盖。网络控制器304能够传送必要的控制信息去通知机顶终端58掩盖一个特定信道视频部分。例如,一个在分割屏幕上显示4个分离的视频的视频信道将需要一个3/4掩盖,以便集中观众的注意力,在特征的视频剪辑。序号为和题目为用于有线电视系统的网络控制器的美国专利申请更详细的描述这个网络控制器。同样的受让人在1993年11月1日提出了申请。这个申请书通过引证结合在本申请中。
本申请描述了好几个数字电缆头终端42实施例。熟悉本技术领域的人会认识到许多变化的设计是可能的。同样根据所示的例子,熟悉本技术领域的人员认识到有多种方法使用合并器104作为端头42中的一个部件。
本申请中的术语和描述是用于作为演示范例,因而不能作为一种限制。如在以下权项中定义的一样,熟悉本技术领域的人会认识到许多可能的变化都是在本发明的精神和范围之中。

Claims (36)

1、一种供电视传送系统端头用的合并器,其用于选择数字信号和合并所选择的信号以便送到订户家中,从该有线电视节目传送系统端头能接收含有多个数字化节目的数字视频信号和选择的节目信息,该合并器包括:
用于接收分配到订户家中而被选择的节目标志的装置,和
根据被选择的数字化节目标志而产生指示的装置;
被连接到处理装置,用于选择数字化节目的装置,其包括:
把接收到的数字视频信号分离成组成部分的装置,每个组成部分含有多个数字化节目中的一个节目,和
通过使用从处理装置指示中收到的节目标志来传送被识别的数字化节目的装置;
把被传送的节目合并成一个合成信号的装置,该装置含有接收被传送节目的装置;和
分配合成的信号到订户的装置。
2、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,节目订户获得数字化节目,所述分配装置包括:
调制合成信号的数字调制装置,以便传送被调制的数字化节目到节目订户;和
将由数字节目调制的信号传送到节目订户的连结电缆系统。
3、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,其还包括用于把传送的数字化节目转换成模拟节目的译码装置。
4、如权利要求3所述的合并器,其特征在于,所述节目订户获得模拟式节目信号,该合成器还包括:
把模拟信号调制成分配到用户的合成信号的调制器。
5、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,模拟视频和音频节目被接收、数字化并和数字化的节目合并,该合并器进一步包括:
把模拟视频和音频信号数字化到地方性数字化节目中的数字编码装置,和
使地方数字化节目传输至合并装置的装置。
6、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,模拟视频和音频节目被接收、数字化并和数字化节目合并,该合成器进一步包括:
把模拟视频和音频数字化信号转到地方性数字化节目中去的数字编码装置;
其中选择装置进一步包括:
从数字编码装置接收地方数字化节目的装置;
识别地方性数字节目的装置,以便由传送装置传送地方性数字节目到合成装置。
7、如权利要求1所述的合成器,其特征在于,模拟节目和合成信号一起被分配,该合成器进一步包括:
接收将要和合成信号一起被分配的模拟节目信号的装置;和
其中分配装置包括:
把接收到的模拟节目信号调制到第一载体频率上的模拟调制装置;和
把合成信号调制到第二载体频率上的数字调制装置。
8、如权利要求1所述的合成器,其特征在于,数字化节目是以视频数据格式表示的,该合成器进一步包括:
纠正数字化节目的视频数据错误的装置。
9、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,数字化节目用一种或多种编码方法使编码加密,该合并器进一步包括:
在合并信号分配到订户前把一种编码方法从数字节目中解除的译码装置。
10、如权利要求1所述的合并器,进一步包括:
对识别的节目进行编码的装置,以便只有被核准的用户能够对被分配的节目进行译码。
11、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,被选择的数字化节目信息和数字视频信号一起被接收,接收数字化节目信息装置包括:
用于分离出包含在被选择数字化节目信息中的数据信号的分离器;和
把数据信号从信息数据分离器送到处理装置的装置
12、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,所述接收被选择数字化节目信息的接收装置包括:
用于把选择的数字化节目信息以手工方式输入的终端装置;和
用于把输入的数字化节目信息从终端传送到处理器的装置。
13、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,从一个遥远地点传送包含被选择的数字化节目信息,被选择节目信息接收装置包括:
获取包含在被选中数字化节目信息的数据信号的调制装置;和
传送数据信号到处理器的装置。
14、如权利要求1所述合并器,其特征在于,所述传送器进一步包括:
从信号分离器获取数字化节目的装置;
从处理装置接收指示的装置;
用于解释从处理装置接收到的指示和提供节目标识数据的装置;和
接收节目标识数据和允许被传送到合成装置上被标识的数字化节目的逻辑装置。
15、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,所述合成装置进一步包括:
多个用于暂时存放部分被传送节目的先进先出装置,以及
所述选择装置包括将控制信号送至多个先进先出装置的控制装置。
16、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,所述合并装置包括多个输出门,该多个输出门由处理器所控制,以便输出被传送的节目。
17、如权利要求1所述的合并器,其特征在于,其中数字化节目用一系列视频数据信息包表示,用于将视频信号传送至合成装置,合成装置进一步包括:
把视频数据信息包转换成串行格式的串行转换装置。
18、如权利要求17所述的合并器,其特征在于,所述处理装置进一步包括:
把传送的视频数据信息根据重要性进行优先化的优先化装置;和
按照由优先化装置建立的优先顺序来控制被传送的视频数据信息包在合并器中流动顺序的顺序控制装置。
19、如权利要求17所述的合并器,其特征在于,该合并器能删除被传送的视频数据包,以便限制用户接收的图像被破坏,处理装置进一步包括:
决定删除被传送的视频数据包的装置。
20、一种用于选择和合并数字化节目以便建立送到节目订户家中的合成信号的方法,用于电视节目传送系统端头,其中该合并器能接收一个数字化节目的数字视频信号和被选择的节目信息,该方法包括以下步骤:
为了将节目分配到节目订户家中,接收被选择的节目信息;
传送指示,包括以下步骤:
应用接收到的信息决定被选择数字化节目标志;和
根据被选择数据化节目标志产生指示;
选择数字化节目,包括以下步骤:
把接收到的数字视频信号分离成组成部分,每个组成部分含有多个数字化节目中的一个节目;和
通过使用从上述步骤收到的节目标志指示来传送被识别的数字节目;
将被传送的节目合并到由接收的传输节目组成的合并信号中去;和
分配合成信号到订户。
21、一种用于传送多个节目信号的有线电视节目传送系统的电缆端头,每个节目信号含有多个以数字格式来表示视频节目,该电缆端头包括:
接收多个节目信号的接收装置,每个节目信号含有多个以数字格式来表示的数字视频节目;
和接收装置相连结,用于解调多个节目信号的解调装置;
和解调装置相连,用于把解调的节目信号分离成多个数字视频信号的信号分离器;
在多个数字视频节目中进行选择的选择装置;
和选择装置相耦合,用于把选择视频节目合并成一个合成信号的合成装置;
为了向电缆用户进行分配而调制合成信号的调制装置;和
把调制信号传送到一个或多个并置连结电缆系统的传送装置。
22、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,其中电缆端头从一个遥远来源接收模拟信号,其合成装置进一步包括一个把模拟信号和选择的视频信号相合并的合成装置,该电缆端头进一步包括:
接收一个或多个模拟信号的接收装置;
选择一个或多个和选择的数字视频信号相合并的模拟节目信号的选择装置。
23、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,所述接收装置也具有接收模拟节目信号的能力,该电缆端头进一步包括:
把模拟节目信号转换成数字视频信号的转换装置,其包括:
把模拟节目信号进行数字化和压缩的装置。
24、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,所述合成装置进一步包括:
用于在合并选择的视频节目前暂时存放选择的视频节目的多个存储装置,在一特定时间每个存储装置暂时存放选中视频节目的一部分;和
一个通过转换一个存储装置到另外一个存储装置而访问多个存储装置中每一个存储装置的访问装置,以协助把存放的视频节目部分合并成合成信号。
25、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,所述选择多种数字视频节目的装置包括:
用于识别被选择的数字视频节目的信息处理装置。
26、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,所述数字视频节目被组成多个集合,一些订户没有被批准接收视频节目中的第一个集合;和
选择装置包括一个用于暂时选择第一数字视频节目集合和选择第二个数字视频节目集合的装置;和
合成装置包括一个为分配到电缆订户而把第一个数字视频节目集合和第二个数字视频节目集合相合并的装置。
27、如权利要求21所述的电缆端头,其特征在于,其进一步包括:
用于对视频节目进行编码和译码的装置。
28、一种用于电视节目传送系统的端头,所述电视节目传送系统传送含有多个视频信号的节目信号,该端头包括:
用于处理节目信号的多个集成化的接收器部件,每个集成化接收器部件包括:
为了进一步处理而解调节目信号的解调装置;和
把节目信号分离成多个视频信号的信号分离器;
在多个视频信号中进行选择的装置,其包括:
用于指示被选择的视频信号的中央处理部件;
用于合并选择的视频信号的合成装置,包括:
暂时存放各视频信号部分的装置;和
把多个各视频信号存放部分或装置配为一个合成信号的装置;
把合成信号送到机顶终端的传送装置;和
与传送装置相连接,用于载带被传送信号到机顶终端的传送媒体。
29、如权利要求28所述的端头,其特征在于,所述传送媒体包括电话线。
30、一个用于电缆端头的信号处理器,其特征在于,该处理器从所述电缆端头接收节目信号和节目信息数据信号,该处理器包括:
用于接收多个节目信号的第一接收装置;
用于接收节目信息的第二接收装置;
使用接收到的节目信息在多个节目信号中进行选择的选择装置;
用于合并被选择节目信号的第一合成装置,其包括:
用于在第一合并过程中暂时存放被选择节目信号部分的存储装置;
用于把节目信息和合成的选择信号进行合并以产生合成信号的第二合成装置;
分配合成信号到电缆订户的分配装置。
31、一种用于使用多个视频信号和指示的电视节目传送系统的电缆端头,在所述电视节目传送系统中机顶终端和电缆端头进行通讯,该电缆端头包括:
用于处理多个视频信号的信号处理器,其包括:
接收多个视频信号的装置;
从多个视频信号中选择视频信号的装置;和
为了分配到机顶终端合并被选中视频信号的合并装置;
用于控制信号处理器和机顶终端操作的网络控制装置,其包括:
从机顶终端获得通讯的获得装置;
和所述获得装置相连结,通过与机顶终端的通讯产生指示的控制信号处理器的计算机处理器;和
传送指示到信号处理器以便选择视频信号的传送装置;和
分配合成视频信号到机顶终端的分配装置。
32、一种数字电缆端头用于使用卫星脉冲转发器传送数字形式的视频节目到连接在并置连结电缆系统的用户的有线电视节目传送系统,该数字电缆端头接收地方性节目和插入该传送系统的地方性节目信息,其特征在于,该数字电缆端头包括:
接收含有数字视频节目脉冲转发信号的接收装置;
用于对脉冲转发信号进行接收和解码的集成式接收器解码器装置;
把解码信号分离成数字视频节目的信号分离器;
使用插入地方性节目到收到的数字视频节目信号中,用来产生地方性节目信息信号的处理器装置;
插入地方性节目的插入装置,其包括:
以数字形式获得地方性节目的装置;和
和处理器通讯以便接收产生的地方性节目信息信号的通讯装置;
把数字视频节目和地方性节目多路转换成一个合成信号的多路转换装置;
为了传送而调制合成信号的调制装置;和
分配调制信号到并置连接电缆系统上订户的分配装置。
33、一种用于有线电视节目传送系统的调制电缆端头,所述传送系统接收节目信号并为多个机顶终端服务,所述机顶终端从该电缆端头接收处理过的信号,在节目信号中至少有一个是数字化节目,该调制电缆端头包括:
第一组信号处理装置,其包括:
为了便于处理而接收节目信号的接收装置;和
把节目信号处理成第一处理信号的处理装置;
第二组信号处理装置,其包括:
接收含有数字节目的节目信号的接收装置;
把数字节目处理成第二组信号处理装置;
连接到第一组和第二组信号处理装置,用于把第一处理信号加到第二处理信号以产生比单一第一处理信号或第二处理信号更多节目的合成信号的合成装置;和
分配合成信号到多个机顶终端的分配装置。
34、如权利要求33所述的调制电缆端头,其特征在于,仅有第一处理信号被分配到多个机顶终端上,该调制电缆端头进一步包括:
和第一组信号处理装置相连,用于分配第一处理信号到多个机顶终端的一部分机顶终端上的分配装置。
35、如权利要求33所述的调制电缆端头,其特征在于,所述电视节目传送系统使用两组卫星脉冲转换器(第一组和第二组)来传送电视节目到连在并置连接电缆系统上的订户上;
其中接收装置包括从第一组卫星脉冲转换器获得脉冲转换信号的获得装置;和
其中接收装置包括从第二组卫星脉冲转换器获得脉冲转换信号的装置。
36、一种用于电视节目传送系统的电缆端头,所述传送系统使用卫星脉冲转换器以数字格式把电视节目送到并置连接电缆系统上的订户,其特征在于,电缆头终端把将分配到订户的电视节目按优先层次分组,该电缆端头包括:
接收含有数字视频信号的脉冲转换器信号的接收装置;
接收脉冲转换信号的集成式接收装置;
把脉冲转换器信号组成不同优先层次的组成装置,其中第一组脉冲转发信号是优先层次一;第二组脉冲转发信号是优先层次二;
用于把优先层次一脉冲转发信号分离成优先层次数字节目,把优先层次二脉冲转发信号分离成优先层次数字节目的信号分离装置;
选择优先层次一数字节目的第一装置;
选择优选层次二数字节目的第二装置;
为了分配到订户,把选中的优先层次一和优先层次二数字节目合并的装置。
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CNB00100204XA Expired - Fee Related CN1184812C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端及方法
CNB001000888A Expired - Fee Related CN1181681C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于显示画中画的方法以及装置
CNB931201764A Expired - Fee Related CN1137578C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目组装及发送系统操作中心及节目分配方法
CNB931201845A Expired - Fee Related CN1137579C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端及其方法
CNB931201861A Expired - Fee Related CN1137582C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 机顶终端以及相应的菜单生成和定序方法
CN93120182A Expired - Fee Related CN1118197C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 一种用于选择和合并数字化节目的方法、合并器和数字电缆端头
CNA200510114107XA Pending CN1805540A (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端
CNB001002058A Expired - Fee Related CN1181682C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于机顶终端的遥控器及选择节目分类子菜单的方法
CN93120183A Expired - Fee Related CN1121788C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统网络控制器及方法
CNB00100087XA Expired - Fee Related CN1181680C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 应用允许订户交互使用的机顶终端的装置以及方法
CNB931201853A Expired - Fee Related CN1137581C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于增强有线电视递送系统中解压缩箱的升级模块和方法、机顶转换器和遥控单元及接口系统
CNB001054090A Expired - Fee Related CN1181683C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 提供节目播放与节目选择的方法与设备
CN97121877A Expired - Fee Related CN1112808C (zh) 1992-12-09 1997-12-16 预订广告的装置及方法
CNB001002031A Expired - Fee Related CN1179563C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 能接收音频/视频节目和音频节目的装置和方法
CN00100206A Pending CN1276685A (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端
CNB00102714XA Expired - Fee Related CN1192617C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 用于从多路传输信号中选取实况数字节目的系统和方法
CNB001027190A Expired - Fee Related CN1189033C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 在电视屏幕上显示具有视频的菜单的方法及使用其的系统
CNB001027182A Expired - Fee Related CN100369482C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 增加机顶转换器的功能性的卡和利用节目传送系统的方法
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CNB00108013XA Expired - Fee Related CN100417217C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-06-07 有线电视发送系统网络控制器
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CNB001000888A Expired - Fee Related CN1181681C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于显示画中画的方法以及装置
CNB931201764A Expired - Fee Related CN1137578C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目组装及发送系统操作中心及节目分配方法
CNB931201845A Expired - Fee Related CN1137579C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 电视节目发送系统推荐节目的可重编程序终端及其方法
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CNB001002058A Expired - Fee Related CN1181682C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于机顶终端的遥控器及选择节目分类子菜单的方法
CN93120183A Expired - Fee Related CN1121788C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 有线电视发送系统网络控制器及方法
CNB00100087XA Expired - Fee Related CN1181680C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 应用允许订户交互使用的机顶终端的装置以及方法
CNB931201853A Expired - Fee Related CN1137581C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 用于增强有线电视递送系统中解压缩箱的升级模块和方法、机顶转换器和遥控单元及接口系统
CNB001054090A Expired - Fee Related CN1181683C (zh) 1992-12-09 1993-12-09 提供节目播放与节目选择的方法与设备
CN97121877A Expired - Fee Related CN1112808C (zh) 1992-12-09 1997-12-16 预订广告的装置及方法
CNB001002031A Expired - Fee Related CN1179563C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 能接收音频/视频节目和音频节目的装置和方法
CN00100206A Pending CN1276685A (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-01-05 有线电视发送系统先进机顶终端
CNB00102714XA Expired - Fee Related CN1192617C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 用于从多路传输信号中选取实况数字节目的系统和方法
CNB001027190A Expired - Fee Related CN1189033C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 在电视屏幕上显示具有视频的菜单的方法及使用其的系统
CNB001027182A Expired - Fee Related CN100369482C (zh) 1992-12-09 2000-02-21 增加机顶转换器的功能性的卡和利用节目传送系统的方法
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