CN1061852A - 聚合物光波导管的光耦合器的制造方法 - Google Patents

聚合物光波导管的光耦合器的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1061852A
CN1061852A CN91111186A CN91111186A CN1061852A CN 1061852 A CN1061852 A CN 1061852A CN 91111186 A CN91111186 A CN 91111186A CN 91111186 A CN91111186 A CN 91111186A CN 1061852 A CN1061852 A CN 1061852A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fiber
tubule
plastics
plastics tubule
refractive index
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Granted
Application number
CN91111186A
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English (en)
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CN1030801C (zh
Inventor
A·布罗克梅耶
H·沃文科尔
W·格罗
T·斯泰林
J·泰斯
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Siemens AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0074—Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
    • B29D11/0075—Connectors for light guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/245—Removing protective coverings of light guides before coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
    • B29L2011/0075—Light guides, optical cables

Abstract

借助于超声波焊接技术制造聚合物光波导管的 光耦合器的方法。焊接前将纤维加热到50至 250℃，延续0.2至3小时。将此聚合物光波导管插 入一根塑料小管中。在焊接过程中，此塑料小管和聚 合物光波导管熔合为一体。在另一种实施形式中，可 将折射率和聚合物光导纤维的芯材一样的一根混频 器棒插入这根塑料小管中；可使此聚合物光导纤维和 此塑料小管接触，并可将塑料小管、混频器棒和纤维 在超声波的作用下彼此焊接在一起。

Description

在钝态光波导管网络中，作为光学结构元件的光耦合器用来把光信号从输入光波管分配到输出光波管。这样的光耦合器是由一个在光输入侧和光输出侧都和光波导管连接的透明（壳）体组成的。除了通过透明的模制体和光波导管粘合或熔合而成的一些耦合器以外，在其制造时将光波导管束绞合。并在绞合处加以拉伸的耦合器也是为人所知的（参见Agarwal，Fiber  Integr.Optics  6（1），27-53，1987）。
制造这样组合的耦合器，费用是很高的;此外，再加上这些已知耦合器的直射波的衰减难以再生，因此在不同的输出纤维之间的功率波动超过2分贝。
聚合物的光波导管中的纤维束用收缩软管熔合的耦合器（参见DE-A-3737930）或者装配在园筒形混频区端面的光波导管也是已知的（参见R.D.Codd，SAE/IEEE，International  Congress  of  Transportation  Electronics  1984）。
制造光耦合器的其它方法在未预先公布的DE-A-40  13307中作了说明。这里借助于一根小塑料管把光波导管捆扎起来，并在下一个步骤用一根塑料收缩软管包围住此塑料小管。在提高了的温度下，由于压力和收缩软管的热作用，纤维和塑料小管熔接。在此情况下用电阻加热器进行加热，熔接时间平均为0.5至1小时。
已知制造方法的主要缺点在于费钱和费时的且只能高成本地单个制造的操作步骤。
本发明的任务在于找出一种方法，用这种方法可以做到工艺简单，成本低和费用少地制造出结构稳定的耦合器。这样的一种方法应该是可以控制地进行的，因此可以生产出直射波衰减低、输出纤维之间的功率波动小的耦合器。
本发明完成了此任务。本发明涉及由聚合物的光导纤维（聚合物光波导管）制造耦合器的一种方法，其中纤维在混频区的长度上彼此被焊接在一起。本发明将2至105，最好是2至1000光波导管作同向排列，必要时将它们彼此绞合和捆扎在一起。把纤维加热到50至250℃，经过0.2至3小时后，借助于超声波使这些纤维彼此焊接在一起。超声波法不是无破坏的焊接方法。事先不把要焊接的塑料部位加热，特别是对硬而脆的材料来说，焊接会引起对这些材料的破坏。故首先要在一个确定的温度下进行前述的加热，在加热时，纤维材料仍没有出现变化，这样成功实现了光波导管相互间的无破坏熔接。
在使用本发明方法时，使聚合物光导纤维在50至250℃，最好是在130至150℃下保持0.2至3小时，最好是保持5至30分钟，接着在一台超声波焊接设备中，在10至60千赫兹频率范围内，最好是在20至40千赫兹范围内将此聚合物光导纤维彼此焊接在一起。本发明方法所用的设备压力在1至10巴，最好是在2至4巴。焊接时间为0.1至3秒，最好是0.1至1.5秒。保持时间为0.1至10秒，最好是0.1至5秒。在此情况下保持时间是指超声波焊接器（Sonotrode）（1）在压力下还要把在超声波焊接器工作面（4）上或面内存在的纤维包上的时间。
保持时间至少相当于焊接时间，但宁可选择比这时间长些。因为纤维材料在压力下受热，并通过超声波作用产生附加的摩擦力（界面摩擦、大分子的内摩擦），所以用此方法还可使产生的张力得到平衡。
在本发明方法中，超声波焊接器（Sonotrode）（1）的振幅在10至65μm范围内，最好在20至50μm范围内，而且一般是与原料的特性有关。
预热时间的长短，取决于温度。如果预热时间较短，最好在较高温度下进行。此外，每次所使用的温度通常取决于纤维材料，若在较高的温度范围内有可能受到分解或破坏的较敏感材料，每次所使用的温度就选择得比坚固材料的要低。
在优选的情况下，预热前可将纤维在真空中于40至100℃的温度范围内干燥5至30小时。这种预干燥主要用来消除可能还存在的剩余单体以及微量水分（特别是在较长时间的贮存过程中可能积聚在纤维中的剩余单体和少量水份），因而防止可能产生的气泡。假如是新纺出的纤维就可省去这种预干燥。
通过接合区两面接线，还可进一步缩短焊接时间，使焊接质量很均匀。
本发明方法中的待焊接纤维，在待焊接区既可由芯材料和皮层材料组成，又可只由芯材料组成。假如事先去掉光导皮层，焊接之后再用光导皮层包围混频区是实用的。一种可能性是把一根收缩软管系在此混频区上。为了承担光导皮层的功能，此收缩软管的折射率必须比纤维的折射率低。
适用于本发明方法的收缩软管由以下聚合物组成。这些聚合物是：聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚氯丁二烯、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、有机硅橡胶、聚酯、氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物或多氟烷氧基共聚物。
在其它优选的实施形式中，为了保护混频区，可在它上面涂上一层清漆，该清漆的折射率最好比芯材料的折射率低，并同样可用作混频区的光导皮层。
在其它实施形式中，用一根塑料小管（3）包围住在混频区长度上的聚合物光导纤维（2）（图1）。焊接以后必要时还在塑料小管上缠上一根收缩软管。塑料小管（3）的任务是在焊接过程中和纤维熔合，均匀地包围住这些纤维并填满在这些纤维之间可能出现的空隙，这就使这样制成的耦合器的直射波衰减还能进一步减少。按此方法就可实现纤维束的各方面和混频区很好地配合，这里不出现表面损失。
此塑料小管给予混频区高机械稳定性，此外，还保护混频区免受气候影响。
合理的是这样选择塑料小管的材料，以致由于上述原因该材料的折射率低于纤维芯材的折射率，因此这种材料可附加承担导光皮层的功能。这种塑料小管（3）的合适材料是其折光指数小于纤维芯的折光指数的所有高度透明的聚合物，例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚-4-甲基戊烯或含氟聚合物。
在其它的实施形式中，将2至105根纤维（6）直接和所谓混频器棒（5）焊接在一起是可能的（超声波焊接模压，图2和3）。在这种情况下，混频器棒（5）由一种具有和纤维芯材一样的折射率的材料组成，最好由和纤维芯材一样的材料组成。常用的芯材例如有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯。
为了制造这样的耦合器，将此混频器棒（5）推入塑料小管（3）中，并把它确定在此塑料小管的中心。把要和混频器棒焊接的纤维（6）捆扎在一起，并同样放入此塑料小管中，固定在混频器棒上。通过超声波和压力的作用，这些纤维和混频区进行熔合。这种方法提供的优点是：在焊接前不必清除纤维上的皮层材料;在这样的耦合器上不需要大大提高直射波衰减值的插塞连接。
本发明的超声波焊接法适用于带光导皮层的和不带光导皮层的聚合物光波导管。此外，还用于数据光信号传输的耦合器，最好用于连接处无光导皮层的光波导管;用于为照明目的纤维束，最好是带皮层的纤维束。
超声波焊接技术使得有可能使用很短的焊接时间，在最佳的试验条件下可将此焊接时间降低到远在一秒以下。用本发明方法可按简单、成本低和节省时间的方式制成耦合器，此耦合器带有很均匀地组装起来的混频区。
实施例1
在7根0.4米长，直径各为1毫米的聚碳酸酯塑料光波导管上，用汽油清除3厘米范围内的光导波层，紧接着在此范围缠上一根PMMA小管（ηk＝1.49）。纤维的折射率ηk＝1.58。此PMMA小管的内径为3毫米，壁厚1毫米，长3厘米。
在一台市面上可买到的、在聚合物加工和制陶业加工中已为人所知的超声波焊接设备上，通过频率为20千赫兹的超声波的作用，将7根纤维和PMMA小管均匀地焊接在一起。
通过将接合部分（光波导管束/PMMA小管）加热到130至150℃，可使其彼此无损地焊接在一起。为避免生成气泡，加热前把所使用的纤维在真空条件下，于80℃干燥24小时。
超声波焊接设备的振荡功率（Generatorleistung）为2千瓦。超声波焊接器的振幅（峰尖端-峰尖端）在30至50微米（μm）的范围内。设备压力为2至4巴（bar）。
在保持时间为3秒的情况下，焊接时间为0.3秒。
假如频率较高（30至40千赫兹），则用预热过的接合部分也得到了同样良好的结果。为了获得在混频区上面的良好焊接，在超声波焊接器工作面（4）上铺放一根PMMA管（3），紧接着将纤维导入此管中。图1表明工件位置。
假如在任何输出纤维之间的功率波动最大为1.6分贝，则确立于传输混频器中的7×7星形耦合器有2.4分贝的过量损失。
实施例2
为了避免减少绝缘作用（按实施例），对要焊接的位置作些改动。首先用一根收缩软管对每7根聚碳酸酯纤维（直径1毫米）作这样的捆扎：收缩软管的一边有1厘米长的纤维和在对面的一边有8厘米长的纤维未被收缩软管盖住。收缩软管的长度为40毫米。
然后将两端磨光了的一根聚碳酸酯棒（直径2.9毫米，长30毫米）塞入一根PMMA小管中（小管的内径为3毫米，壁厚1毫米）。然后从小管的两边各插入一束纤维，每束纤维由7根纤维组成。因此聚碳酸酯棒位于中心。类似于实施例1将要焊接的位置焊上。
通过压力和超声作用可以达到纤维束和混频器棒之间的良好熔合。此外，还产生混频区和纤维束之间的面状良好配合。
通过所有输入线路和输出线路的平均衰减为11.5分贝，由此计算出过量损失为3.1分贝。输出纤维之间的偏差为2分贝。

Claims (11)

1、通过纤维的同向排列和聚束以及它们的连接来制造聚合物光波导管的光耦合器的方法，其特征在于：把纤维加热到50至250℃，在此温度下延续0.2至3小时，紧接着借助于超声波将这些纤维焊接在一起。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：纤维的待焊接区只由芯材料组成。
3、制造聚合物光波导管的光耦合器的方法，其特征在于：将一根由其折射率与纤维芯材的折射率一样的材料组成的混频器棒插入一根塑料小管中，并置于小管的中部位置;把2至105根聚合物光导纤维插入此塑料小管中，并使此聚合物光导纤维和混频器棒接触;将塑料小管、混频器棒和纤维束在超声波作用下彼此焊接在一起。
4、按权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：焊接前将纤维在50至250℃的温度范围内加热0.2至3小时。
5、按权利要求1和3所述的方法，其特征在于：在纤维上缠绕一根塑料小管，在焊接过程中，该塑料小管和纤维熔合为一体。
6、按权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：塑料小管的折射率比聚合物光导纤维的芯材的折射率低。
7、按权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：塑料小管由聚甲基丙稀酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯、聚-4-甲基戊烯或由氟化的聚合物组成。
8、按权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：将塑料小管在焊接后用一根收缩软管包围。
9、按权利要求1和3所述的方法，其特征在于：焊接过程在1至10巴压力范围内，最好在2至4巴压力范围内进行。
10、按权利要求1和3所述的方法，其特征在于：在10至60千赫兹，最好在20至40千赫兹的频率范围内将纤维进行焊接。
11、按权利要求1和3所述的方法，其特征在于：焊接时间为0.1至3秒，最好为0.1至1.5秒;保持时间为0.1至10秒，最好为0.1至5秒。
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AU641295B2 (en) 1993-09-16
JPH04268511A (ja) 1992-09-24
CA2056470A1 (en) 1992-05-30
CN1030801C (zh) 1996-01-24
EP0488309B1 (de) 1995-05-10
ES2071893T3 (es) 1995-07-01
US5300162A (en) 1994-04-05
EP0488309A1 (de) 1992-06-03
ATE122471T1 (de) 1995-05-15
DE59105439D1 (de) 1995-06-14
KR920010321A (ko) 1992-06-26
AU8824491A (en) 1992-06-04
JP3129488B2 (ja) 2001-01-29

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