CN105392570A - Machine tool window - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine tool window is provided with an apparatus for ultrasonically clearing droplets of cutting fluid from the window. The apparatus comprises a one or more transducers (200, 210) coupled to the window. Each of the one or more transducers is operable to at any selected one of a plurality of different frequencies to generate respective wave-types. A frequency generator (925) is operable to provide ultrasonic drive signals (926) to the transducers for the plurality of different frequencies. A mode controller (930) controls the generator (925) and transducer (200) to apply to the window ultrasonic waves of any selected frequency and wave type from the plurality of different frequencies and wave-types.

Description

Lathe window

The present invention relates to a kind of window used on lathe, and comprise the lathe of this window.

Background technology

Lathe, while shaping metal works, uses cutting fluid to carry out lubrication and cooling cutting element.Cut from workpiece the operator that the metal (being called as swarf) got off can jeopardize machine, there is the risk that cutting element will rupture in addition, this is also a kind of risk for operator.In order to protect operator, the region around whole lathe or at least cutting element is closed in the enclosure.Shell has window, and therefore how operator can see the progress of cutting operation.But cutting fluid can splash inside the shell and on window, thus blocks the sight line of operator.Cutting fluid can comprise water and multiple additives, or oily and multiple additives.

The known window providing disc format, it is rotated by electric notor; The cutting fluid dropped on window is got rid of because of the rotation of dish, makes the sight line of operator more clear.In an example, circular frame supports the motor being fixed wtih disk.The peripheral sealing of dish, to framework, leaks to prevent cutting fluid.This window is little and weigh, and complicated.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of system, it comprises lathe window and the device for the cutting fluid drop of removing lathe window, this device comprises: one or more transducer, be coupled to window, each in one or more ring energy device can be operated to generate ultrasonic wave in window; And generator, for providing ultrasound drive signals to one or more transducer; Thus, during system works, utilize and ultrasonic the cutting fluid drop of window to be removed.

In the embodiment of system, each transducer can be operated to generate the optional ultrasonic wave in multiple different frequency and wave mode in window; And generator can be operated to provide ultrasound drive signals for multiple different frequency to transducer; And system comprises mode controller further, it is for being configured to the ultrasonic wave generating optional frequency and the wave mode selected from multiple different frequency and wave mode by generator and transducer.

System can be configured to can be applied successively to one, the operation of two or more wave modes of window.

System of the present invention allows to use the window larger than rotating disc, and without the need to the mechanical movable part in the device using rotary window.Because window is fixing (that is, window non rotating), therefore system of the present invention allow more simply by window aperture seal to machine tool enclosure.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the method for the cutting fluid removing lathe window, the method comprises and uses the one or more ultrasonic transducers being coupled to window to generate ultrasonic wave in window.

An example of method is the device using system embodiment, the method comprises selects hyperacoustic wave mode and corresponding frequencies, make generator generate the drive singal of institute's selected frequency, and each frequency being configured to select of one or more transducer is run and generates the wave mode selected.

Accompanying drawing explanation

According to the detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the various feature and advantage of particular instance will be apparent, and these accompanying drawings and description together illustrate multiple feature by means of only example, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a part for machine tool enclosure.

Fig. 2 A is the schematic diagram of the example of transducer.

Fig. 2 B is the schematic side elevation of the transducer in Fig. 2 A.

Fig. 3 A-C is the schematic diagram towards the hyperacoustic transducer of cutting fluid drop emission on window.

Fig. 4 A is the schematic side elevation of transducer, shows the example of electrode structure.

Fig. 4 B is the schematic side elevation of transducer, shows another example of the electrode structure of transducer.

Fig. 4 C illustrates transducer along window surface towards the drop emission ultrasonic wave on window to carry out the schematic diagram of patten transformation by example.

By example, Fig. 4 D illustrates that transducer launches ultrasonic wave to remove the schematic diagram of the drop of window surface by making cutting fluid drop be atomized along window surface.

Fig. 4 E illustrates by example schematic diagram transducer being coupled to cascading windows.

Fig. 5 A-B is the schematic side elevation of transducer, shows other example of the electrode structure of transducer.

By example, Fig. 5 C illustrates that transducer is emitted through the ultrasonic wave of the cutting fluid drop on window to carry out the schematic diagram of patten transformation.

By example, Fig. 5 D illustrates that transducer is emitted through the ultrasonic wave of the cutting fluid drop on window to carry out patten transformation thus to make the schematic diagram that drop is advanced along window surface.

Fig. 6 A-B is the schematic side elevation of transducer, shows the another example of the electrode structure of transducer.

Fig. 6 C illustrates overcome the tension force of window surface and leave the schematic diagram of window surface towards the drop emission ultrasonic wave on window to make drop according to the transducer of example.

Fig. 6 D illustrates transducer towards the cutting fluid drop emission ultrasonic wave on window with the schematic diagram making drop leave window surface by example.

Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the method removing precipitation.

Fig. 8 is dispersion curve figure.

Fig. 9 A-B is transducer and for controlling and the schematic diagram of example of the associated circuit of operate both transducers.

Figure 10 A is the schematic diagram of the lathe comprising example of the present invention.

Figure 10 B is the example of the window of lathe in Figure 10 A.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 shows for lathe to protect a part of XX of the shell of machine operation person.Shell has window.Window is the transparent material (being glass in the following example) of sheet, is safety glass sheet in this example.Window allows operator to check the cutting operation that lathe carries out.Therefore the cutting fluid of window must be removed.Embodiment according to the present invention, removes the cutting fluid drop of window and relates to use ultrasonic wave to make the drop in window surface vibrate, advance and/or be atomized one or more.Example devices for removing window cutting fluid drop comprises one or more PZT (piezoelectric transducer) being fixed to glass window, and for operate both transducers to apply hyperacoustic circuit to window.Following description describe the various mode of operations of transducer.One or more patterns can be used.In some examples using removing equipment, only used a kind of pattern.

Although the lathe window in Fig. 1 is made up of safety glass, alternatively, window can comprise layer laminate, and wherein layer laminate is clipped between top layer glass and bottom glass.Such as, layer laminate can be that the polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) that is compressed between two-layer annealed glass is stacked.

Term " ultrasonic " or " ultrasonically " are used in reference to the ripple with supersonic frequency.Supersonic frequency is considered to frequency range and is approximately 100 kilo hertzs (kHz) to 50 megahertzes (MHz) or higher.Ultrasonic wave sends from the transducer being coupled to signal generator.Generator can be signal generator, and this signal generator is configured to the signal of telecommunication providing supersonic frequency to transducer.Transducer is configured to by driving to produce ultrasonic wave based on the ultrasonic signal from generator.

In some example described herein, transducer is configured to make it can launch frequency in the frequency range of 100kHz to 4MHz or higher frequency.One or more transducer can be used to carry out clean window.

Each of one or more transducer described herein includes multiple electrode.The electrode of each transducer is configured to each electrode can be worked independent of other electrode.So, transducer can be configured to the frequency operation in possible ultrasonic frequency range.Select frequency to be the signal of telecommunication by generating this frequency at signal generator place and this signal be applied to one " group " electrode comprising one or more electrode, electrode has interval, and this interval is chosen as roughly corresponding with this intrinsic frequency.Due to by the frequency band of transmitted bandwidth around central frequency, the term " " therefore used in whole description, " one " or " single " frequency should be interpreted as relevant with the central frequency launched from transducer or basic frequency.

Hyperacoustic wave mode can be selected.The combination of frequency and wave mode is called as mode of operation.The example of different wave mode comprises surface acoustic wave, R wave, Lamb wave and Lamb wave.Some frequency range can have preferred wave mode, and vice versa.Such as, R wave can be generated with the upper frequency higher than about 2.5MHz; Lamb wave can be generated with the intermediate frequency of about 1MHz to 2.5MHz; And Lamb wave can be generated lower than the lower frequency of about 1MHz.One or more transducer described herein provides the ability selecting hyperacoustic frequency and/or the wave mode of launching from one or more transducer.Dynamically select the mode of operation of each transducer.Mode of operation relates to the frequency of transducer work and the combination of wave mode.Therefore, each transducer is " multi-mode " transducer.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, some example is described.Same reference numerals for special characteristic in one group of accompanying drawing relates to same characteristic features.

Each electrode of transducer can be connected to signal generator individually, to operate each electrode independently.The independent selection electrode with powering up to be connected, makes it possible to the selected frequency or the operating frequency that dynamically control transducer.Such as, can individually or in groups connecting electrode, and some electrode can not connect.Such as, each other electrode along transducer can be connected to signal generator, wherein substitute electrode work (active), and remaining electrode does not work (passive).Therefore, can realize based on the transducer mode of operation selected (that is, based on the operating frequency for the electrode group that works and frequency generator selected) needed for transducer operating frequency.The ultrasonic wave launched from the transducer (that is, utilizing the frequency needed for this mode of operation and/or wave mode) of selected mode of operation cleans window.

Fig. 2 A shows the transducer 200 with multiple electrode 210.Each electrode has connector separately, and frequency generator and on-off circuit are electrically connected, as described with reference to Fig. 9 A and 9B after a while by this connector.Shielding strip 230 is by electrode 210 and ground plane (groundplane, ground plane) 250 electric isolution.The piezoelectric layer 240 of transducer can be made up of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) material or other suitable piezoelectric (such as, quartz crystal) any.Electrode 210 can have the physical appearance that " refers to " of electrode extended along piezoelectric layer.Be positioned on piezoelectric layer and refer to that with electrode another electrode of relative side is electrically connected to ground plane 250.

Fig. 2 B shows the side view of the transducer described with reference to figure 2A.Another shown electrode 260 is electrically connected to ground plane 250.When transducer works, the signal with required frequency is applied to one group of electrode for this He Ne laser by signal generator, and electrode is coupled to the piezoelectric layer that can make transducers transmit ultrasonic waves.Hyperacoustic direction of launching refers to vertical with electrode, such as, by arrow 270 indicated direction.

By transducer is attached to window surface, transducer is just coupled to window.In the example of the window for lathe in FIG, transducer in the enclosure portion is attached to window; Namely the side of liquid wetting is cut at window.By transducer chemical adhesion or physics are fixed to window surface, and transducer is attached to window surface.Suitable adhesive can commercially be buied, such as, can comprise epoxy resin.During use, adhesive forms adhesive layer between transducer and window surface.This adhesive layer can be very thin, and thickness is even, and bubble-free, such as prepare under vacuum.Transducer can be attached to window with its electrode surface to the mode of window surface, or is alternatively attached to and makes its electrode window surface dorsad.Make electrode surface can increase the wave energy putting on window to window, but also can be increased to the difficulty that electrode provides electrical connection.

The example of the mode of operation of transducer will be described now.In example described herein, transducer can be configured to any one frequency operation selected from 200kHz to 4MHz or in higher frequency range.Based on institute's selected frequency of the signal of telecommunication of signal generator generation and frequency can be selected to the selection of transducer special electrodes group.Such as, in some instances, can for any one frequency selected from about 220kHz, 570kHz, 1.39MHz, 2MHz or 3.1MHz to configure electrode group.Frequency of utilization value can be approximately the frequency of such as 220kHz+/-50kHz, 570kHz+/-50kHz, 1.39MHz+/-100kHz, 2MHz+/-100kHz or 3.1MHz+/-100kHz.

After a while each selecting these example frequency is described with reference to Fig. 4 A/B, Fig. 5 A/B and Fig. 6 A/B.It should be noted that due to any selectable frequency can be imagined, therefore described hereinly certainly can to should not be considered limiting based on using the frequency of Different electrodes group selection.Based on the transducer selecting for preset frequency to manufacture and configure, any one frequency in frequency range is selected to be all possible.Then, operating frequency can be selected based on method described herein by running Different electrodes group.But the present invention is also only not limited to optional frequency described herein.

Fig. 3 A-C shows can ultrasonically from the example of the different wave modes of this one or more transducer transmitting at one or more transducer duration of work.

In the example of Fig. 3 A, transducer 300 bonds the surface of window 310 by adhesive layer 320 (such as, epoxy resin).Cutting fluid drop 330 can appear in window surface.The hard to bear driving of transducer energy is to launch the ultrasonic wave only propagating through window surface.In this example, ultrasonic wave is surface acoustic wave, such as R wave 340.The upper frequency higher than about 2.5MHz can be generated as from the R wave of transducer transmitting.R wave is propagated along window surface towards cutting fluid drop.Owing to can be coupled to window surface when ultrasonic wave arrives cutting fluid drop, therefore ultrasonic wave " sees " cutting fluid drop, and energy is transferred to cutting fluid drop from ultrasonic wave, to remove the cutting fluid drop of window surface.The energy that high-frequency ultrasonic has is higher than low-frequency ultrasonic waves.By hyperacoustic higher-energy higher for frequency is transferred to cutting fluid drop effectively, achieve the atomization of the cutting fluid drop in window surface.In this example, cutting fluid drop is removed by atomization or pushing course.Cutting fluid drop can be made to be atomized completely or partially it to be removed from window surface.If cutting fluid drop is by partly atomized, then by further promotion or vibration processes remove remaining cutting fluid drop.Such as, cutting fluid drop can be made to promote to make cutting fluid drop move away from window along window surface, thus make clearly to observe through window.For convenience of explanation, the above hypothesis R wave of the description to Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B and Lamb wave exist with different frequencies.But, when they coexist; R wave mainly exists with higher frequency, and Lamb wave mainly exists with lower frequency.Along with frequency increases from low frequency, wave mode little by little becomes R wave from Lamb wave.

In the example of Fig. 3 B, the ultrasonic wave launched from transducer is Lamb wave.Lamb wave is propagated along window surface.In this example, can between about 1MHz to 2.5MHz from the frequency of the Lamb wave of transducer transmitting.The amplitude of the Lamb wave 350 that the window surface coupled along transducer is propagated can be greater than the Lamb wave 360 that the apparent surface along window propagates.The Lamb wave 350,360 propagated two window surface can homophase or out-phase, and such as these Lamb waves can be symmetrical wave or antisymmetry ripple.The energy being sent to the Lamb wave 350 of transducer face will more than the energy of the Lamb wave 360 be sent on opposite windows surface.Therefore, propagate through from the major part of the ultrasonic energy of transducer transmitting the window surface occurring cutting fluid drop.In this example, cutting fluid drop is removed by making cutting fluid drop promote along window surface.If there are enough energy to be transferred to cutting fluid drop from Lamb wave 350, then can remove cutting fluid drop by making drop be atomized.

In the example of Fig. 3 C, the ultrasonic wave launched from transducer is Lamb wave.In this example, the Lamb wave launched from transducer can have the relatively low frequency lower than about 1MHz.Lamb wave 370 main propagation is through the main body of window.The energy that the Lamb wave that frequency is lower has is less than high-frequency ultrasonic, and therefore Lamb wave can only make the cutting fluid drop in window surface vibrate.The vibration of the cutting fluid drop in window surface can make the cutting fluid droplet coalescence of separation, and combines the relatively large drop of formation.

Lathe window in Fig. 1 is installed or the angle very little relative to vertical direction inclination vertically.Therefore, in example of the present invention, the promotion of drop and vibration are configured to carry out downwards by gravity.Only promote or only vibration or promote with combination of vibrations can be enough to the drop removing window, and without the need to be atomized.

The example of Fig. 3 A-C shows an only transducer and is coupled to window surface, but makes any amount of transducer be coupled to window surface.One or more transducer can be coupled near window edge or in the neighboring area of window.

Should be understood that to there is cut-off frequency (cut-offfrequency), because the hyperacoustic energy higher than cut-off frequency is higher, therefore can realize atomization higher than cut-off frequency.The energy had lower than the ultrasonic wave of cut-off frequency may be not enough to realize atomization, but this ultrasonic wave can have the energy being enough to cutting fluid drop is promoted along window surface.Further, another cut-off frequency will be there is, cannot realize cutting fluid drop is promoted lower than this further cut-off frequency, but likely make cutting fluid drop vibrate.Cut-off frequency for realizing being atomized, promoting or vibrating can be depending on size and/or the component of cutting fluid drop.For example, with regard to the cutting fluid drop in window surface, will comparatively greatly (compared with the larger drop that surface-to-volume is smaller) compared with the surface area volumetric ratio of droplet, the surface tension of therefore less drop is larger.Therefore, before can realizing promoting or being atomized, less drop needs relatively large energy (supersonic frequency from higher) to overcome surface tension, namely, compared with the larger drop that can need less energy to realize to be atomized, higher supersonic frequency may be needed make less drop be atomized and be removed.

Process window surface by such as applying selective coating, selective coating can change the surface tension between liquid deposits and window surface.Lathe window preferably applies the coating tending to repel cutting fluid.Such as, coating can reduce surface tension.For the cutting fluid based on water, hydrophobic coating can be used.Coating is preferably resistance to worn.This tending to repels cutting fluid wear-resistant coating is known.

As mentioned above, the electrode of each transducer is configured to make each electrode can independent of other Electrode Operation.The selection of frequency and/or wave mode is realized by the work of " group " of Different electrodes.Such as, work to selecting property of Different electrodes combined optional, and some electrodes optionally do not work.If select an electrode job, then the signal from frequency generator is applied between selected electrode and ground; And remaining electrode can electricity floating (electricallyfloat).For example, if only half electrode work, then " group " half of the total avaivable electrode worked will should only be comprised.As will be discussedbelow, otherwise by floating electrode the signal of 180 degree can have been converted from frequency generator receiving phase.

Fig. 4 A-B show electrode group in transducer for the example mode of operation that realizes making the cutting fluid drop in window surface be atomized or active configuration.In these examples, this configuration makes transducer acoustic waves or R wave.Can higher than about 2.5MHz from hyperacoustic frequency that transducer is launched for the configuration of these electrodes.

In example in Figure 4 A, transducer 400 comprises multiple electrode 405,410.Electrode is adjacent with piezoelectric layer 415 (such as PZT material).Piezoelectric layer be the another electrode 420 being electrically connected to ground wire 425 with electrode 405,410 relative sides.During work, some electrodes 405 are connected to signal generator, and other electrode 410 can be not attached to signal generator.The one group of electrode 410 connected can work, with the ultrasonic wave of generated frequency higher than 2.5MHz.

Some physical parameter in transducer optionally generates or manufactures has pre-determined characteristics.Such as, can design electrode so that transducer is with the frequency operation of predetermined frequency or selection.Such as, the gap between the width of each electrode and continuous electrode or interval are the dependable design parameters of CF.Transducer electrode can be designed so that the work of Different electrodes group makes transducer with predetermined frequency ultrasonic wave.Such as, the transducer shown in Fig. 4 A comprises 28 absolute electrodes.Each of shown in Fig. 4 A 28 electrode 405,410 can have the width of 0.4 millimeter (mm), the gap wherein between electrode or be spaced apart 0.1mm.In order to generated frequency is approximately the ripple of 3.1MHz, one group of 14 Electrode connection replaced in 28 electrodes 410, to signal generator, are approximately the signal of 3.1MHz with receive frequency.

Fig. 4 B show transducer 400 (to describe in Fig. 4 A similar), wherein electrode 410 receives the signal with first frequency and phase place, and the identical but signal that is existence 180 degree of phase shifts compared with electrode 410 of electrode 405 receive frequency between.This configuration allows electric field 430 to be arranged between adjacent electrode 410 and 405.This allows additional electric field the piezoelectric layer of transducer to be become have more activity, thus makes the displacement of transducer larger, namely launches the higher ultrasonic wave of amplitude.This configuration can improve the operating efficiency of transducer, and/or increases the energy of the cutting fluid drop be transferred in window surface.

Example in Fig. 4 C-E is corresponding with the example described with reference to figure 3A.Transducer 400 is bonded to the surface of window 440 by adhesive layer 435.Transducer can be the transducer described in Fig. 4 A-B, and tranmitting frequency is higher than the ultrasonic wave of 2.5MHz.In the example shown in Fig. 4 C-E, be surface acoustic wave or R wave at transducer duration of work from the ultrasonic wave that transducer is launched.The ultrasonic wave 445 launched from transducer is coupled to window and propagates along window surface.The ultrasonic wave propagated along window surface can run into the cutting fluid drop 450 that window surface occurs.One runs into drop, and hyperacoustic energy is just transferred to drop.This energy trasfer can based on patten transformation.The more low-frequency patten transformation of higher frequency is stronger.Patten transformation is energy transfer process, and wherein mechanical wave (such as, ultrasonic wave) is coupled into material (such as, the cutting fluid drop in window surface), and compressional wave 455 is transmitted in material.So, along with the transfer of energy, the hyperacoustic amplitude incided on cutting fluid drop will reduce.The compressional wave being transmitted into material has the effect of the inner surface applying pressure 460 to material, so that it can make material promote along the surface residing for this material, or this material is atomized.

Fig. 4 D cutting fluid drop shown in window surface is completely nebulised the example of 465.Therefore, window is cleaned.Make window clean by making cutting fluid drop be atomized.

Lathe window can be stacked, but this is not necessary for the present invention.Fig. 4 E shows the example that transducer is coupled to cascading windows.Transducer can be coupled to neighboring area or the edge of window.Transducer can be hidden in below the rubber seal of thereabout.Cascading windows can comprise the layer laminate 470 be clipped between top layer glass 440 and bottom glass 475.Be attached to one or more transducer duration of works of window surface, this one or more transducer can be configured to launch the ultrasonic wave on the surface 480 only propagating across top layer glass 440.In this example, because ultrasonic wave only propagates across top layer glass substantially, therefore ultrasonic wave can not propagate through layer laminate.Due to without ultrasonic energy in layer laminate " loss ", therefore this is useful, otherwise layer laminate can cause ultrasonic wave to be absorbed in a large number.Weak owing to avoiding in layer laminate, therefore transducer is configured to only acoustic waves and there is the advantage improving window cleaning efficiency.

Below the transducer just can launched higher than the frequency of about 2.5MHz is described Fig. 4 C-E.The upper frequency launched can generate the surface acoustic wave for cleaning window by making the cutting fluid drop in window surface be atomized, such as R wave.Other example mode of operation of the different electrode configurations of transducer will be described with lower part.

Fig. 5 A-B show electrode group in transducer for the example mode of operation that realizes making the cutting fluid drop in window surface promote or configuration.In these examples, electrode configuration can make transducer tranmitting frequency can ripple in the scope of about 1MHz to 2.5MHz.The ultrasonic wave launched from transducer can be Lamb wave.

Fig. 5 A-B shows the different instances mode of operation of transducer 500.Each of Fig. 5 A-B relates to different electrode configurations.Transducer 500 comprises multiple electrode 505,510.Electrode is on piezoelectric layer 515.Piezoelectric layer be earth electrode with electrode 505,510 relative sides.During work, some electrodes 505 can be not attached to signal generator, and other electrode 510 is connected to signal generator for the signal receiving institute's selected frequency.The one group of electrode 510 connected works, with the signal of receive frequency in the scope of about 1MHz to 2.5MHz, and the ultrasonic wave of generated frequency in the scope of about 1MHz to 2.5MHz.Electrode gap in one group of electrode 510 in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B is opened, so that its intrinsic frequency is in this frequency range.

Transducer shown in example in Fig. 5 A-B comprises 28 absolute electrodes.Each of 28 electrodes 505,510 can have the width of 0.4 millimeter (mm), the gap wherein between electrode or be spaced apart 0.1mm.In the example of Fig. 5 A, the one group of electrode 510 being connected to signal generator comprises ten electrodes, so that remaining electrode pair keeps not connecting between each electrode connected.The configuration of this electrode or mode of operation can be used for the ultrasonic wave that generated frequency is approximately 2MHz.Similarly, the transducer shown in example in Fig. 5 B comprises 28 absolute electrodes.Shown electrode is connected to signal generator with form right continuously along piezoelectric layer (electrode except piezoelectric layer either end) usually.The configuration of this electrode or mode of operation can be used for the ultrasonic wave that generated frequency is approximately 1.39MHz.Floating electrode in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B alternately receive frequency for institute's selected frequency but phase place has converted the signal of 180 degree relative to electrode 510.

Example in Fig. 5 C-D is corresponding with the example described with reference to figure 3B.Transducer 500 is bonded to the surface of window 535 by adhesive layer 530.Transducer can be the transducer that Fig. 5 A-B is describing, and the ultrasonic wave of tranmitting frequency in the scope of about 1MHz to 2.5MHz.In the example shown in Fig. 5 C-D, the ultrasonic wave launched from transducer at transducer duration of work is mainly Lamb wave.The ultrasonic wave 540,545 launched from transducer is propagated along window surface.Ultrasonic wave-coupled is to window surface.The ultrasonic wave propagated along the window surface attached by transducer can run into the cutting fluid drop 550 that window surface occurs.Fig. 5 C shows ultrasonic propagation by cutting fluid drop, and wherein energy is transferred to cutting fluid drop by such as patten transformation from ultrasonic wave.Compressional wave 555 is transmitted in cutting fluid drop.The compressional wave being transmitted into material has the effect of the inner surface applying pressure 560 to material.

Fig. 5 D shows the hyperacoustic effect incided on cutting fluid drop.The ultrasonic wave incided on cutting fluid drop makes material be pushed along window surface.The direction promoting 565 can be identical with hyperacoustic direction of propagation.When cutting fluid drop is pushed along window surface, the shape alterable of cutting fluid drop.Such as, cutting fluid drop can have the rear end 570 and leading edge 575 that there are different contact angle from window surface.Such as, rear end 570 and the contact angle of window surface are greater than the contact angle of leading edge 575 and window surface.Cutting fluid drop is made to make window be able to clean 580 along the ability that window surface is pushed.

Once make cutting fluid drop be pushed along surface, the change of the contact angle of rear end and window surface can change the efficiency that ultrasonic wave-coupled enters cutting fluid drop.Therefore, once promotion, be necessary the mode of operation changing transducer, to revise hyperacoustic frequency of transmitting thus to keep the promotion to cutting fluid drop.

Other example mode of operation of the different electrode configurations of transducer will be described with lower part.

Fig. 6 A-B show electrode group in transducer for the example mode of operation that realizes making the cutting fluid drop in window surface vibrate or configuration.In these examples, electrode configuration can make transducer tranmitting frequency lower than about 1MHz or the ripple between 200kHz and 1MHz.Configure for these electrodes, the ultrasonic wave launched from transducer can be mainly Lamb wave or vibration wave.

Fig. 6 A-B shows the different instances mode of operation of transducer 600.Each of Fig. 6 A-B relates to different electrode configurations.Transducer 600 comprises multiple electrode 605,610.Electrode is adjacent with piezoelectric layer 615.Piezoelectric layer be the earth electrode 620 be electrically connected with ground wire 625 with electrode 605,610 relative sides.During work, some electrodes 605 can be not attached to signal generator, and other electrode 610 can be connected to signal generator.Connect one group of electrode 610 with the signal of receive frequency within the scope of 200kHz to about 1MHz, and the ultrasonic wave of generated frequency within the scope of 200kHz to about 1MHz.Electrode gap in one group of electrode 510 in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B is opened, so that its intrinsic frequency is in this frequency range.

Transducer shown in example in Fig. 6 A-B comprises 28 absolute electrodes.Each of 28 electrodes 605,610 can have the width of 0.4 millimeter (mm), the gap wherein between electrode or be spaced apart 0.1mm.In the example of Fig. 6 A, the one group of electrode 610 being connected to signal generator comprises 18 electrodes, these electrodes connect, as represented with 630,635,640,645,650,655,660 respectively with the form of the electrode group of " even 4/scarce 4/connect 5/scarce 2/even 5/scarce 4/even 4 " electrode.The configuration of this electrode or mode of operation can be used for the ultrasonic wave that generated frequency is approximately 570kHz.Similarly, the transducer shown in the example in Fig. 5 B comprises 28 absolute electrodes, and the one group of electrode 610 being wherein connected to signal generator comprises 18 electrodes.The electrode illustrated with " connect 8/lack 12/connect 8 " form of the electrode group of electrode connects along piezoelectric layer, as respectively with shown in 665,670,675.The configuration of this electrode or mode of operation can be used for the ultrasonic wave that generated frequency is approximately 220kHz.

Example in Fig. 6 C-D is corresponding with the example described with reference to figure 3C.Transducer 600 is bonded to the surface of window by adhesive layer.Transducer can be the transducer described in Fig. 6 A-B, and it is by driving with the ultrasonic wave of tranmitting frequency lower than about 1MHz.In the example shown in Fig. 6 C-D, the ultrasonic wave launched from transducer at transducer duration of work is mainly Lamb wave.The main body of window is propagated across from the ultrasonic wave 680 of transducer transmitting.This can be relevant with the resonant conditions of window.This can make window vibrate.

In the example of Fig. 6 C, shown cutting fluid drop 685 appears in window surface.Window vibration allows to overcome the surface tension between cutting fluid drop and window surface.Therefore, the cutting fluid drop in the window surface of vibration can by " play from " or " bullet from " 690 window surface.Therefore, cutting fluid drop leaves window surface, and ultrasonic wave cleans window.Further, the air-flow 695 above window surface can help clean window.This realizes by making cutting fluid drop move away from window surface further, may fall back to chance on vibration surface because this reducing cutting fluid drop.

The different frequency of signal that the example mode of operation described in Fig. 4-6 can be used for producing based on difference configuration and the generator of the electrode being electrically connected to signal generator controls hyperacoustic frequency of launching from transducer and wave mode.One or more mode of operations of transducer are utilized to carry out the case method of clean window description now.

Fig. 7 summarizes the example flow chart that the transducer mode of operation utilizing one or more to select carrys out the method 750 of clean window.At square frame 710, select pattern or the sequence of mode of operation.A kind of mode of operation or more than one mode of operation a series of can be selected to carry out clean window.Mode of operation due to transducer is the configuration based on the electrode being effectively connected to signal generator in transducer, therefore in the example of system, for single transducer, and at any time can only with a kind of mode of operation.Therefore, if need more than one mode of operation to clean (780) window, then mode of operation must be selected in order.

Such as, if utilize two kinds of mode of operations to remove the cutting fluid drop of window surface, the first mode of operation then selected, transducer is configured to ultrasonic wave that tranmitting frequency is approximately 3.1MHz, and the second mode of operation selected is used for transducer to be configured to the ultrasonic wave that tranmitting frequency is approximately 2MHz.In this example, two kinds of mode of operations of transducer can alternately to be configured to the ultrasonic wave that first tranmitting frequency is approximately 3.1MHz by transducer, then tranmitting frequency is approximately the ultrasonic wave of 2MHz.Other example frequency can be used for making drop start vibration with lower frequency, then with higher frequency, drop is pushed or is atomized.

The method for clean window described in Fig. 7 allows dynamically to control or select the hyperacoustic frequency from transducer transmitting and wave mode (that is, pattern).Dynamically select the operating frequency of transducer to allow the ultrasonic wave of different frequency to launch from transducer in a controlled manner, thus traverses window surface is propagated, or selectively propagate across window main body.Based on a large amount of different electrode configurations combination as above, single transducer can utilize multiple different mode of operation.

Can utilize and select the setting time delay between each mode of operation and select mode of operation in order.Such as, the time delay between continuous operation mode can be 5 microseconds, namely can every 5 microseconds change once from hyperacoustic frequency of transducer transmitting and the group of electrode.The time delay of 5 microseconds is only an example; The time delay in other 1 to 10 microsecond range can be used, such as a few microsecond.Time delay may be selected to guarantees that a kind of model application is when drop instantly, and current a kind of pattern is still effective for drop.

Can detection 760 be carried out to mode of operation manually or automatically and select 710.Such as, machine operation person can based on the mode of operation range estimation of the cutting fluid drop in window surface manually being selected to transducer.Alternatively, whether detection system can be configured to automatically to detect drop and exists.If automatically detected, then at least need two transducers: the first transducer serving as transmitter, and the second transducer serving as receiver.Signal generator and the one or more of transducer for removing drop can be used as transmitter, maybe the transducer of other separation can be used together with clear signal generator or Additional signal generator.The ultrasonic wave can launched based on the transmitter detected at receiver detects drop, and wherein this ultrasonic wave has " default " amplitude corresponding with window surface existing zero drop or signal strength signal intensity.If the intensity of the signal of the second receive MUT is different from default signal intensity, then this can represent that window surface exists drop.Window surface exists drop, energy can be transferred to drop from the ultrasonic wave propagated.So, ultrasonic wave can experience weak, and when ultrasonic wave arrives the receiver of the second transducer, signal strength signal intensity will lower than default value.Therefore, just detect that window surface exists drop.Weak level can the amount of cutting fluid drop on indication window surface, or the type of drop.The amount of the drop detected can be used for the mode of operation automatically selecting clean window, as described.

Fig. 8 is the curve map 800 carrying out modeling for the frequency dispersion 810 of the hyperacoustic function as phase velocity 820 on glass substrate (that is, window).This Information Availability is in determining the impact of each wave mode for the cutting fluid drop be positioned in window surface.The phase velocity that it is unit that the longitudinal axis represents with metre per second (m/s) (m/s), and transverse axis represents that thickness is the frequency (Hzx10 in units of MHz of the equivalent frequency dispersion of 3mm glass ⁶), namely thickness is the frequency of the glass substrate of 3mm.

In the example of Fig. 8, the ultrasonic wave of modeling is Lamb wave, but this curve map can roughly be applied to other wave mode, such as Lamb wave and R wave.The thickness of the glass substrate of modeling is 3mm, and this thickness is roughly the thickness of vehicle window, or the thickness of the top layer glass of stacked windshield.With regard to the hyperacoustic phase velocity propagating through both bulk glasses, antisymmetric Lamb wave is 5654m/s, and the Lamb wave of symmetry is 3391m/s.For thin glass sheet or glass substrate (such as, window), the performance of ripple can be different from during both bulk glasses, and can show surface coupling or Lamb wave behavior.Graphical representation ultrasonic wave when propagating through glass substrate its phase velocity or speed how with change of frequency.

The ultrasonic wave that Fig. 8 shows transmitting can be single order ripple (first mode) 830,835, Second Order Wave (the second pattern) 840,845, three rank ripple (the 3rd pattern) 850,855 or higher order wave.As shown in Figure 8, ultrasonic wave is Lamb wave, and can be respectively antisymmetry ripple or symmetrical wave, be namely respectively out-phase or homophase.Antisymmetry phase velocity of wave illustrates with 830,840 and 850.Symmetrical phase velocity of wave illustrates with 835,845 and 855.Hyperacoustic frequency that the transducer that the phase velocity-dispersion relation figure of single order pattern antisymmetry ripple (830) shows difference configuration described herein with 860A, 865A, 870 and 875 is launched." plate " phase velocity of wave of 570kHz represents with 860A; The Lamb wave that frequency is approximately 1.5MHz represents with 865A; And higher " Rayleigh " ripple of frequency represents with 870 and 875.Time frequency dispersion value lower (that is, Lamb wave), the displacement of transducer is comparatively large, this is because the hyperacoustic wavelength launched when frequency dispersion value is lower is longer.Hyperacoustic wavelength (l) of the transmitting that curve map intersects with dotted line 880,885,890,895 is respectively: l=10mm; L=4.9mm; L=2.16mm; L=1.55mm.

Such as, for first mode antisymmetry ripple 860A, the wavelength of " plate " ripple at 570kHz place is 10mm, and the wavelength of second order antisymmetry ripple 860B (frequency moves to higher frequency place slightly) is also 10mm.Can see, by contrast, the phase velocity of single order ripple 860A is comparatively slow, be approximately 2000m/s, and Second Order Wave phase velocity is very fast, is approximately 8000m/s.

For example, the wavelength (shorter, to be respectively 2.16mm and 1.55mm) of the ultrasonic wave 870,875 that frequency is higher is close to the diameter (several millimeters) of general water droplet.Therefore, due to strong mode conversion, these ripples are more suitable for making spraying droplets.On the contrary, the patten transformation very weak (if any) of the ultrasonic wave 860A (its wavelength is longer, is 10mm) that frequency is lower, is therefore not suitable for making spraying droplets, but can be applicable to only making drop vibrate.Certainly, drop is atomized will there is " centre " group of frequencies between vibration, it will make the patten transformation that there is certain level between the very weak patten transformation of lower frequency and the strong patten transformation of upper frequency.This curve map contributes to accurately finding the most applicable water droplet of removing window or the frequency of cutting fluid.

The embodiment of multi-mode transducer and interlock circuit is described with reference to figure 9A and Fig. 9 B.

With reference to figure 9A, transducer (its can be multiple transducer one of them) comprises the multiple electrodes 210 be positioned on such as piezoelectric substrate as shown in Figure 2.Each electrode 210 is connected to corresponding one in multiple binary switch 941 of on-off circuit 940 by connector 960.All switches are all connected to the output 926 of frequency generator 925.Mode controller 930 controlled frequency generator and on-off circuit.Mode controller controls the frequency being applied to the output signal of switch 941.Mode controller also select those switch conductions and those switches non-conduction, thus select receive output signal one group of electrode 210.Mode controller is by being such as applied to their control inputs 942 and gauge tap by binary signal.Frequency and the mode of operation selecting the combination receiving the electrode group outputed signal to define the transducer of selection, as mentioned above.

The difference of Fig. 9 B and Fig. 9 A is, the phse conversion of the electrode 211 receive frequency generator floating in figure 9 a output signal of 180 degree.For this purpose, frequency generator has output 926+180 and additional switch circuit 940-further, this additional switch circuit selects other electrode 211 under the control of mode controller 930, and this mode controller has the additional control port 943 for controlling additional switch circuit 940-.Therefore, the system in Fig. 9 B can select any electrode of transducer to carry out the signal 926 of Received signal strength 926 or phse conversion 180 degree.

In addition, frequency generator can comprise impulse generator, and it than making output signal 926 pulse break-make, thus reduces heating to transducer with required sign interval (mark-space).Controller 930 can control the pulse making output signal 926.The temperature of the transducer can measured according to sensor T carrys out control impuls.

Operator's (such as, machine operation person) can manually selection mode, as described in above reference diagram 7.

Detector 970 selection mode automatically of the amount of the cutting fluid on detection window can be utilized, as described in above reference diagram 7.

Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B schematically illustrates the removing equipment be arranged on lathe of the present invention.

Example in Figure 10 A shows lathe 1000, and it has the protecting sheathing H comprising lathe window 1030.Figure 10 B shows multiple transducer 1010, and it is attached to the neighboring area of the window be positioned at inside shell.Transducer is by driving to launch ultrasonic wave 1020, and it is coupled to window surface and traverses window surface is propagated.In this example, the direction of propagation is the direction vertical with transducer electrode.According to method described herein, such as, by vibration, promotion and/or atomization, the drop 1040 in window surface can be removed.Transducer can be arranged in a linear fashion along the edge of window, propagates so that ultrasonic wave can cross whole window surface.The attachment location of transducer allows to remove drop from any region of window surface.Transducer is attached to window and clearly observes through window to allow machine operation person.In shown example, transducer is attached at window top.This transducer also can be in other position of window periphery.

Figure 10 B shows the one or more transducers 1010 serving as transmitter of the multiple transducers being attached to window by example, and serves as other transducers 1070 one or more of receiver.Ultrasonic wave 1020 traverses window of launching is propagated and is received by transducer 1070.Therefore, can detect to there is cutting fluid.Then, the drop on window is automatically cleared, as described above.Above-described example provides a kind of robust method removing the cutting fluid drop of window surface.Have perhaps multielectrode transducer with select Different electrodes to combine and the combination of operating frequency allows broadly to select mode of operation.Can selection mode automatically.In example described herein, single transducer dynamically can be configured to frequency transmitting ultrasonic waves different with five kinds respectively.But should be understood that in addition or alternatively, more multi-frequency can be selected.

Mode of operation is selected to allow the hyperacoustic most of energy transmission selecting to launch from transducer to pass through the pattern of the window surface that can there is cutting fluid drop.This allows effectively to remove drop thus clean window is surperficial.

Example of the present invention described above allows to use the window more much bigger than rotating disk.Different from rotating disk, this example does not have mechanical movable part.

Because window is fixing (that is, it can not rotate), therefore example of the present invention described above allow more simply by window aperture seal to machine tool enclosure.

Window can have any suitable shape.

Equipment can be arranged to only with single mode of operation, such as vibration or promotion.Alternatively, equipment can be arranged to two kinds of mode of operation, such as, vibrate and promote, these two kinds of patterns use continuously.

Foregoing description is only for being described the example of the principle described and describing.This description is also not intended to the exhaustive disclosure or these principles is limited to disclosed any precise forms.According to above instruction, many amendments or change can be carried out.

Claims (34)

1. comprise the window of lathe and the system for removing the equipment of cutting fluid drop from the window of described lathe, described equipment comprises:

One or more transducer, is coupled to described window, can operate each in described one or more transducer to generate ultrasonic wave in described window; And

Generator, for providing ultrasound drive signals to described one or more transducer;

Therefore, when described system works, utilize the described cutting fluid drop of the described window of ultrasonic removing.

2. system according to claim 1, wherein,

Can operate described transducer each with in described window with in multiple different frequency and wave mode optional one generate ultrasonic wave; And

Described generator can be operated to provide ultrasound drive signals for described multiple different frequency to described transducer; And

Described system comprises mode controller further, for being configured to described generator and described transducer to generate the ultrasonic wave with optional frequency and wave mode from described multiple different frequency and wave mode.

3. system according to claim 2, wherein, described multiple different frequency is in the frequency range of 200kHz to 4MHz.

4. the system according to Claims 2 or 3, wherein, transducer described in each has multiple electrode, and can operate described mode controller to select the Different electrodes group of the electrode of described transducer, thus generates the ultrasonic wave with different frequency and wave mode.

5. equipment according to claim 4, wherein, described frequency generator is configured to the different in-phase signal of generated frequency but the signal of phse conversion 180 degree identical with frequency, and described mode controller can be operated to be configured to described generator to produce the identical signal of signal and the phse conversion 180 degree with institute's selected frequency, and described mode controller can be operated the electrode of described transducer to be arranged so that the signal of one group of electrode receiving phase conversion 180 degree, and another group electrode receives in-phase signal.

6. the system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, described mode controller comprises the mode selector for selecting frequency and wave mode, and for selecting the on-off circuit of Different electrodes group.

7. the system according to claim 4,5 or 6, wherein, described mode controller can be operated to select the Different electrodes group of described transducer, so as with frequency a) selected in 220kHz+/-50kHz scope, frequency b) selected in 570kHz+/-50kHz scope, frequency c) selected in 1.39MHz+/-100kHz scope, frequency d) selected in 2MHz+/-100kHz scope and e) frequency selected in 3.1MHz+/-100kHz scope generate ultrasonic wave.

8. the equipment according to claim 3,4,5,6 or 7, wherein, described mode controller is configured to by selecting one group of electrode to be configured to CF work by described transducer, this group of electrode according to the wavelength of ripple with this frequency with one apart from spaced apart.

9. the system according to any one of claim 2 to 8, wherein, described wave mode comprises surface acoustic wave, R wave, Lamb wave and Lamb wave.

10. system according to claim 9, wherein, can operate described mode controller described generator and described transducer to be configured to produce the ripple of frequency in the scope of 2.5MHz or higher.

11. systems according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, can operate described mode controller described generator and described transducer to be configured to produce the ripple of frequency in the scope of 1MHz to 2.5MHz.

12. systems according to claim 9,10 or 11, wherein, can operate described mode controller described generator and described transducer to be configured to produce the ripple of frequency in the scope of 100kHz to 1MHz.

13. systems according to any one of claim 2 to 12, wherein, can operate described mode controller described transducer and described generator to be configured to work continuously with the different frequency in the frequency of multiple selection and wave mode and wave mode.

14. systems according to claim 13, wherein, can operate described mode controller and become another kind of configuration to make described generator and described transducer from one configuration, wherein between configuration, there is time delay.

15. systems according to claim 14, wherein, described time delay is in the scope of 1 to 10 microsecond.

16. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein, described generator is configured to, with impulse form, ultrasound drive signals is applied to described transducer.

17. systems according to any one of claim 2 to 16, comprise further:

Control system, has detector, and described detector is configured to sense the ultrasonic wave thus the weak amount of ripple detected on described window that are sent by described transducer one or more;

Wherein, described mode selector, in response to described detector, selects the configuration of described generator and described transducer according to detected weak amount.

18. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein, each in described transducer or transducer has 28 electrodes, and the width of each electrode is 0.4 millimeter, and the gap between each electrode of these electrodes is 0.1 millimeter.

19. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein, described one or more transducer is fixed to the surface of described window, and operationally, described window is positioned at inside described lathe.

20. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein, described window is made up of safety glass.

21. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and wherein, described one or more transducer is fixed to the neighboring area on the surface of described window.

22. systems according to claim 21, wherein, multiple described transducer is fixed to described window along the neighboring area of described window with bar form.

23. according to claim 19 to the system according to any one of 22, and wherein, described window is coated with coating being positioned at when operating on the surface inside described lathe, and this coating is for repelling cutting fluid.

24. systems according to claim 23, wherein, described coating is wear-resistant.

25. according to system in any one of the preceding claims wherein, and described system comprises multiple described transducer.

26. 1 kinds of lathes comprising the system according to any one of claim 1 to 25.

The method of cutting fluids removed by 27. 1 kinds of windows from lathe window, and described method comprises and utilizes the one or more ultrasonic transducer being coupled to described window to generate ultrasonic wave in described window.

28. methods according to claim 27, utilize the equipment described in claim 2 or equipment claim 3 to 21 according to any one of of utilization when being subordinated to claim 2 to remove the cutting fluid of the window of lathe, described method comprises:

Select hyperacoustic wave mode and corresponding frequencies,

Described generator is made to generate the drive singal with selected frequency, and

Each in described one or more transducer is configured to the wave mode selected by also producing with selected frequency operation.

29. methods according to claim 28, wherein, each in described one or more transducer comprises multiple electrode, and the wave mode each in described one or more transducer be configured to selected by utilization comprises the electrode group selecting described transducer with the step of selected frequency operation, and the drive singal with selected frequency is applied to selected electrode group.

30. methods according to claim 28 or 29, comprise and utilize a kind of frequency of selection and wave mode that the drop of the cutting fluid on the surface of described window is vibrated, and/or utilize another kind of frequency and wave mode to promote the surface that drop crosses described window, and/or utilize another frequency and wave mode that the drop on the surface of described window is atomized.

31. methods according to claim 28,29 or 30, wherein, to be supplied to each in described one or more transducer with impulse form by ultrasound drive signals.

32. methods according to claim 28,29,30 or 31, are included in further between different frequency and wave mode and dynamically switch.

33. methods according to claim 32, are included in the time delay of applying 1 to 10 microsecond between frequency error factor.

34. methods according to any one of claim 28 to 33, wherein, described ultrasonic wave only propagates across the surf zone of described window substantially to the depth being less than 3 millimeters from the surface of described window.