CN105355774A - Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency - Google Patents
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN105355774A CN105355774A CN201510844499.9A CN201510844499A CN105355774A CN 105355774 A CN105355774 A CN 105355774A CN 201510844499 A CN201510844499 A CN 201510844499A CN 105355774 A CN105355774 A CN 105355774A
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- optical cavity
- photon detector
- extinction ratio
- reflective mirror
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency. The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector comprises a substrate, a medium partially-reflecting mirror combined on the surface of the substrate, a lower optical cavity combined on the surface of the medium partially-reflecting mirror, NbN nanowires combined at the internal part of the lower optical cavity in a periodic winding structure, an upper optical cavity combined on the surface of the lower optical cavity, metal nanowires combined between the lower optical cavity and the upper optical cavity in a periodic structure, and a totally-reflecting mirror combined on the surface of the upper optical cavity. According to the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, problems of low light absorptivity and polarization extinction ratio and low efficiency of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical detector technology field, relate to a kind of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, specifically relate to a kind of high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, particularly relate to a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
Background technology
Superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector (SuperconductingNanowireSinglePhotonDetector, SNSPD) is a kind of novel single-photon detector, can realize the single photon detection from visible light wave range to infrared band.
Under SNSPD is generally operational in the low temperature environment lower than 4K, and add the bias current that is slightly less than critical current.When single photon is absorbed by superconducting nano lines, cooper duplet is destroyed and produces a large amount of hot electrons, is being partially formed hot spot region; If photon energy is enough high, the focus of generation is enough large, finally can be formed with resistance district on Nano-structure, Nano-structure quench.After one period of relaxation time, hot electron and sound electron interaction form cooper duplet again, and Nano-structure recovers superconducting state again.In actual detection, realize the detection of single photon by detecting this You Zu district.
At present, the combination property of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector is good, has that dark counting is low, detection rate advantages of higher, in the various fields such as quantum communications, quantum calculation, deep space communication, nonlinear optics, have very important application prospect.
Compared with semiconductor single-photon detector, there is an outstanding feature in existing superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector: due to the anisotropy of Nano-structure optical grating construction, and the polarization direction of absorptivity to incident light has certain sensitiveness.In application aspect, can utilize this characteristic that it is applied in polarization control system as optical sensor, or as receiving terminal detector in the quantum communication system being applied in polarization encoder.But the performance of current single-photon detector is unsatisfactory.On the one hand, have the single-photon detector of high light absorptivity, its polarization extinction ratio is often lower, cannot meet the requirement to high polarization extinction ratio in practical application, thus constrains superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector range of application in practice.On the other hand, existing minority has the single-photon detector of high polarization extinction ratio, and its absorptivity is all lower, seriously limits the raising of system effectiveness.
Therefore, in order to meet the practical application request of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, provide a kind of high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, for solving the not high enough and problem that efficiency is lower of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector absorptivity polarization extinction ratio in prior art.
To achieve these goals and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, comprising:
Substrate;
Medium semi-reflective mirror, is incorporated into described substrate surface;
Lower optical cavity, is incorporated into described medium semi-reflective mirror surface;
NbN nano wire, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity in periodicity serpentine structure inner;
Upper optical cavity, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity surface;
Metal nanometer line, is incorporated between described lower optical cavity and upper optical cavity in periodic structure;
Total reflective mirror, is incorporated into described upper optics housing surface.
As the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and a kind of preferred version of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, described medium semi-reflective mirror and total reflective mirror form optical resonator, by regulating the thickness of described medium semi-reflective mirror, for the incident light being in effective polarization state, the efficiency of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
As the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and a kind of preferred version of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, described NbN nano wire is in periodicity serpentine structure, by regulating the position of described NbN nano wire, the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.Described polarization extinction ratio refers to, detector is to the ratio of two kinds of different polarization efficiency of light absorption.
As the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and a kind of preferred version of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, described metal nanometer line in periodic structure and described total reflective mirror form composite reflector, by regulating position and the size of described metal nanometer line, the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
As the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and a kind of preferred version of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, the material of described dielectric layer comprises the material such as silicon or GaAs; The material of described lower optical cavity and upper optical cavity comprises the material such as silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide; Described NbN nanowire thickness, between 4 nanometers to 8 nanometers, can be wrapped in the centre of described lower optical cavity, upper end or lower end position; The material of described metal nanometer line comprises the metal materials such as gold, silver; The material of described total reflective mirror is metal or Prague multilayer diel.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, the material comprising described substrate comprises the material such as silicon dioxide or MgO; The material of described medium semi-reflective mirror comprises the material such as silicon or GaAs; The material of described lower optical cavity and upper optical cavity comprises the material such as silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide; Described NbN nanowire thickness, between 4 nanometers to 8 nanometers, can be wrapped in the centre of described lower optical cavity, upper end or lower end position; The material of described metal nanometer line comprises the metal materials such as gold, silver; The material of described total reflective mirror is metal or Prague multilayer diel.The present invention, by regulating the position of described medium semi-reflective mirror thickness, the position of metal nanometer line and size, NbN nano wire, can realize having high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency single-photon detector simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes the little and inefficient shortcoming of polarization extinction ratio in prior art, has high industrial utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
Fig. 2 is " wavelength-absorptivity " response curve of a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, by regulating the thickness of semi-reflective mirror dielectric layer, the size of metal nanometer line, to the light signal of different polarization state, " wavelength-absorptivity " curve of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector has notable difference, and for TE ripple, there is higher peak absorbance efficiency, the absorptivity of TM ripple is then very low.
Fig. 3 is " wavelength-polarization extinction ratio " response curve of a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of the present invention and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, by regulating the position of the position of metal nanometer line and size, NbN nano wire, the peak value of the polarization extinction ratio of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector is very high.
Element numbers explanation
1: substrate, 2: medium semi-reflective mirror, 3: lower optical cavity, 4:NbN nano wire, 5: upper optical cavity, 6: metal nanometer line, 7: total reflective mirror.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific specific embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily according to content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention can also be implemented by other different concrete execution modes or be applied, and the every details in this specification also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3.It should be noted that, the diagram provided in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present invention in a schematic way, therefore diagram in only show the assembly relevant with the present invention but not when implementing according to reality component count, shape and size draw, it is actual implement in the form of each assembly, quantity and ratio can be a kind of change arbitrarily, and its assembly layout form also may be more complicated.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, comprising:
Substrate 1;
Medium semi-reflective mirror 2, is incorporated into described substrate 1 surface;
Lower optical cavity 3, is incorporated into described medium semi-reflective mirror 2 surface;
NbN nanometer 4, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity 3 in periodicity serpentine structure inner;
Upper optical cavity 5, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity 3 surface;
Metal nanometer line 6, is incorporated between described lower optical cavity 3 and upper optical cavity 5 in periodic structure;
Total reflective mirror 7, is incorporated into described upper optical cavity 6 surface.
Exemplarily, the present embodiment design the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, described medium semi-reflective mirror 2 forms optical resonator with total reflective mirror 7, by regulating the thickness of described medium semi-reflective mirror 2, for the incident light being in effective polarization state, the efficiency of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
Exemplarily, the present embodiment design the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, described NbN nano wire 4 is in periodicity serpentine structure, by regulating the position of described NbN nano wire 4, the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
Exemplarily, the present embodiment design the high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, the described metal nanometer line 6 in periodic structure forms composite reflector with described total reflective mirror 7, by regulating position and the size of described metal nanometer line 6, the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
Exemplarily, the material of described substrate 1 comprises the material such as silicon dioxide or MgO.In the present embodiment, described backing material is silicon dioxide, and thickness is 400 nanometers.Certainly, the substrate of other kinds or thickness also may be applicable to the present invention, therefore, are not limited to the present embodiment.
Exemplarily, the material of described medium semi-reflective mirror 2 comprises the material such as silicon, GaAs.In the present embodiment, the material of dielectric layer is silicon, and thickness is 40 nanometers.Certainly, the medium semi-reflective mirror of other materials or thickness also may be applicable to the present invention, therefore, is not limited to the present embodiment.
Exemplarily, the material of described lower optical cavity 3 and upper optical cavity 5 comprises the material such as silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide.In the present embodiment, the material of described lower optical cavity and upper optical cavity is silicon dioxide, and the thickness of described lower optical cavity is 540 nanometers, and the thickness of described upper optical cavity is 260 nanometers.
Exemplarily, described NbN nano wire 4 thickness in periodicity serpentine structure, between 4 nanometers to 8 nanometers, can be wrapped in the centre of described lower optical cavity 3, upper end or lower end position.In the present embodiment, described NbN nanowire thickness is 6 nanometers, and width is 100 nanometers, be wrapped in the centre position of described lower optical cavity, be 344 nanometers with the distance bottom lower optical cavity, duty ratio is 0.33, and described duty ratio refers to width and the ratio in device horizontal cycle of NbN nano wire.
Exemplarily, the material of the described metal nanometer line 6 in periodic structure comprises the metal materials such as gold, silver.In the present embodiment, the material of described metal nanometer line is Ag, and thickness is 40 nanometers, and width is 100 nanometers, and duty ratio is 0.33, and described duty ratio refers to width and the ratio in device horizontal cycle of metal nanometer line.
Exemplarily, the material of described total reflective mirror 7 comprises metal or Prague multilayer diel.In the present embodiment, the material of described total reflective mirror is metal A u, and thickness is 400 nanometers.
Exemplarily, the polarization direction of incident light comprises parallel with NbN nano wire, vertical or other directions, and the centre wavelength of absorptivity can be arbitrary value.In the present embodiment, incident light polarization direction is parallel with NbN nano wire direction (TE) and vertical (TM) two kinds of situations, for centre wavelength be 1550 nanometers.
Fig. 2 is shown as a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of this example and " wavelength-absorptivity " Numerical Simulation Results figure of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, as shown in Figure 2, near centre wavelength 1550nm, the specific absorption rate peak of TE ripple can reach 94.6%, and the absorptivity of TM ripple is not as good as 0.0075%.Therefore, method for designing of the present invention not only has polarization sensitivity, and for being in the incident light of effective polarization state, has high absorption efficiency.
Fig. 3 is shown as a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line of this example and " wavelength-polarization extinction ratio " Numerical Simulation Results figure of high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, as shown in Figure 3, near centre wavelength 1550nm, the absorptivity polarization extinction ratio of this detector is very large, can reach 12658.Described polarization extinction ratio refers to, for TE ripple and TM ripple, detector is to the ratio of two kinds of different polarization efficiency of light absorption.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of high polarization extinction ratio based on metal nanometer line and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, comprising: substrate 1; Medium semi-reflective mirror 2, is incorporated into described substrate 1 surface; Lower optical cavity 3, is incorporated into described medium semi-reflective mirror 2 surface; NbN nano wire 4, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity 3 in periodicity serpentine structure inner; Upper optical cavity 5, is incorporated into described lower optical cavity 3 surface; Metal nanometer line 6, is incorporated between described lower optical cavity 3 and upper optical cavity 5 in periodic structure; Total reflective mirror 7, is incorporated into described upper optical cavity 6 surface.The present invention, by regulating the position of the thickness of described medium semi-reflective mirror 2, the position of metal nanometer line 6 and size, NbN nano wire 4, can realize having high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency single-photon detector simultaneously.Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes the little and inefficient shortcoming of polarization extinction ratio in prior art, has high industrial utilization.Above-described embodiment is exemplary illustration principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under the present invention's spirit and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. high polarization extinction ratio and a high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, is characterized in that, comprising:
Substrate (1);
Medium semi-reflective mirror (2), is incorporated into described substrate (1) surface;
Lower optical cavity (3), is incorporated into described medium semi-reflective mirror (2) surface;
NbN nano wire (4), is incorporated into described lower optical cavity (3) in periodicity serpentine structure inner;
Upper optical cavity (5), is incorporated into described lower optical cavity (3) surface;
Metal nanometer line (6), is incorporated between described lower optical cavity (3) and upper optical cavity (5) in periodic structure;
Total reflective mirror (7), is incorporated into described upper optical cavity (5) surface.
2. high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described medium semi-reflective mirror (2) and total reflective mirror (7) form optical resonator, by regulating the thickness of described medium semi-reflective mirror (2), for the incident light being in effective polarization state, the efficiency of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
3. high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: by regulating the position of described NbN nano wire (4), the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
4. high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal nanometer line (6) and total reflective mirror (7) form composite reflector, by regulating position and the size of described metal nanometer line (6), the polarization extinction ratio of described superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector can be made to improve.
5. high polarization extinction ratio and high efficiency superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described substrate (1) is silicon dioxide or MgO; The material of described medium semi-reflective mirror (2) is silicon or GaAs; The material of described lower optical cavity (3) and upper optical cavity (5) is silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide; The thickness of described NbN nano wire (4), between 4 nanometers to 8 nanometers, is wrapped in the centre of described lower optical cavity (3), upper end or lower end position; The material of described metal nanometer line (6) is gold or silver-colored; The material of described total reflective mirror (7) is metal or Prague multilayer diel.
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| CN113193105A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-30 | 南京大学 | Superconducting nanowire single photon detector based on topology optimization |
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