CN105324092A - 在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物 - Google Patents

在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物 Download PDF

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CN105324092A
CN105324092A CN201480031028.XA CN201480031028A CN105324092A CN 105324092 A CN105324092 A CN 105324092A CN 201480031028 A CN201480031028 A CN 201480031028A CN 105324092 A CN105324092 A CN 105324092A
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implant
base portion
contact surface
length
configuration bar
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俄德·勒布尔
迪迪埃·图贝亚
哈伊姆·攸斯坦
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NLT Spine Ltd
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NLT Spine Ltd
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Abstract

一种植入物包括:一基部,具有一第一接触表面;以及一枢轴元件,与所述基部的一第一部分相互枢轴连接,幷提供一第二接触表面。所述基部的所述第一部分可相对一第二部分位移,因而所述基部从一初始长度朝向一第二长度缩短。一连接区段枢转的连接所述基部的所述第二部分和所述枢轴元件,因而所述基部的缩短导致所述连接区段将所述枢轴元件的一区域推离所述基部,从而改变所述第二接触表面相对于所述第一接触表面的一角度。

Description

在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科植入物,特别是涉及一种在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物。
背景技术
在一系列的骨科手术中,已知将植入物配置在组织表面之间,并且在各种情况下,使用一植入物来修改组织表面之间的角度关系可能是有利的。在非限制性示例中,脊柱手术中可能会有此需求,例如恢复在椎骨之间的脊柱前凸角度(lordoticangle),或是矫正椎骨之间的脊柱侧弯错位(scoliosismisalignment)。
在某些情况下,在植入物定位在体内之后,调整组织接触表面之间的角度是有可能的。用于执行此调整的装置举例而言为Young等人于美国专利号US6,190,414的发明。
因此在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物是有需要的。
发明内容
本发明为一种在多个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物。
根据本发明的教示所提供的一种用于插入组织的两个区域之间的植入物,所述植入物包括:(a)一基部,具有一第一接触表面用于接触组织的一第一区域,所述基部包括一第一部分可相对一第二部分位移,当所述第一部分朝所述第二部分位移时,所述基部呈现一初始长度朝向一第二长度缩短;(b)一枢轴元件,具有一第二接触表面用于接触组织的一第二区域,所述枢轴元件在一有效枢轴处与所述基部的所述第一部分相互连接;以及(c)一连接区段,枢转的连接所述基部的所述第二部分和所述枢轴元件,因而所述基部从所述初始长度朝向所述第二长度的缩短,导致所述连接区段将所述枢轴元件的一区域推离所述基部,从而改变所述第二接触表面相对于所述第一接触表面的一角度,其中所述第二接触表面具有一最大尺寸,被称为一接触表面长度,幷且其中所述连接区段具有一尺寸,介于所述枢转连接的多转轴之间,被称为一连接区段长度,所述接触表面长度至少比所述连接区段长度长40%。
根据本发明特定实施例的额外的或可替代的特征,所述枢轴元件具有一端部,对应于最远离所述有效枢轴的所述枢轴元件上的一点,幷且在所述连接区段与所述枢轴元件之间的枢转连接的一位置距离所述端部有至少10%的所述接触表面长度。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,还提供一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,幷与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远端啮合,使得以一朝远侧方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的一相反作用力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,所述第一部分和所述第二部分形成有互补特征以定义一棘齿结构,所述棘齿结构包括一连串的多个棘齿和一弹性偏置止动棘,所述棘齿结构配置允许所述基部从所述初始长度通过一范围的长度进行缩短,幷且阻止所述基部增长。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,还提供一棘齿释放元件,可插入所述植入物中的一开口,并可配置以释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,以允许所述基部增长。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,还提供一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,幷与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远部啮合,使得以一朝远端方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的张力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,所述配置杆与所述远部的一啮合关系被配置成当与所述远部维持啮合时允许所述配置杆的一第一运动,且所述配置杆具有至少一特征,配置成所述第一运动有效的导致所述至少一特征承受所述棘齿结构的一部分,因而释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,而允许所述基部的增长。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,所述配置杆与所述远部的所述啮合关系为一螺纹啮合关系,且其中所述第一运动为一旋转,以相对于所述螺纹啮合关系有效的推进所述配置杆。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,所述第一接触表面和所述第二接触表面是各为局部表面,其具有一或多个开口,总计为一接触表面占用面积的一总面积的至少四分之一。
根据本发明特定实施例的一进一步的特征,所述第一接触表面定义一第一接触平面,以及所述第二所述接触表面定义一第二接触平面,幷且所述基部从所述初始长度向所述第二长度的缩短,使所述第二接触平面通过相对于所述第一接触平面的至少10°的一角度范围进行位移。
附图说明
本文所述的本发明,仅作为示例,参考附图,其中:
图1A和图1B是根据本发明实施例所建构和操作的植入物的一等比例图,具有用在两个组织接触表面之间的一可调角度,所述植入物显示分别在一最小角度和一增加角度的状态;
图1C是类似于图1B的一等比例图,取自于植入物近端侧的视角;
图2A和图2B是对应于图1A和图1B的额外等比例图,其分别取自植入物上方的视角;
图3A和图3B是一等比例图和一侧面分解图,分别显示图1A植入物的多个组件。
图4A至图4C是中央平面的横截面图,分别为在最小角度、中间角度和最大角度状态的图1A植入物;
图5A-图5C是一系列侧向示意图,其显示使用图1A和图1B的植入物,在相邻的椎骨体之间回复脊柱前凸(lordotic)角度的过程;
图6A是一示意轴向图,其显示通过椎间孔(transforaminal)的途径将图1A植入物引入椎间空间;
图6B是类似于图6A的图,在配置植入物之后;
图7是一示意轴向图,显示一对如图1所示的植入物,其通过一后向的途径,双侧配置在一椎间空间中;
图8是图1A的植入物变体的等比例图,适用于通过一前向或侧向途径的椎间放置;
图9是一示意轴向图,显示将图8植入物放置于一椎间空间中;
图10是一示意侧向图,显示通过一前向途径将图8植入物放置于一椎间空间中;
图11A和图11B是图8的植入物的示意性等比例图,通过一压缩工具而被持握,用于通过一侧向途径而配置,所述植入物被分别显示在一最小角度和一增加的角度状态;
图12A是一示意轴向图,显示通过一横向途径将图1A植入物引入一椎间空间中;
图12B是类似于图12A的图,在配置植入物之后;
图13A至图13C是一系列前向示意图,其显示使用图1A的植入物,在相邻的椎骨之间矫正脊柱侧弯错位(scoliosismisalignment)的过程;
图14A至图14C是根据本发明实施例所建构和操作的植入物的一等比例图,具有用在两个组织接触表面之间的一可调角度,所述植入物显示分别在一最小角度、一增加角度和一最大角度的状态;
图15A-15C分别是类似图14A-14C的等比例图,沿着植入物中央平面切开;
图16A是一等比例分解图,显示图1植入物的组件;
图16B是图16A中被标示为XVI的区域的一放大图;
图17A是图14B植入物的一侧视图,显示植入物在部分上升状态与一配置杆啮合,具有一合幷的棘齿释放元件(ratchetreleasingelement),有效地释放一棘齿结构的锁定;
图17B是类似于图17A的图,在移除配置杆时,显示棘齿结构的啮合;
图18A和图18B是分别取自于图17A和17B的中心平面的横截面图;
图19A是一等比例图,显示图14A的植入物附连至一递送系统;
图19B是图19A中被标示为XIX的区域的一放大图;
图20A是取自于如图19A显示的递送系统的中央平面的横截面图;
图20B是图20A中被标示为XX的区域的一放大图;
图20C是图20A中被标示为XXI的区域的一放大图;
图21A是图14A-图14C的植入物变体的等比例图,利用一锁孔槽已用于一配置杆的啮合;
图21B是图21A中被标示为XXI的区域的一放大图;
图21C是一配置杆的一等比例图,以用于图21A植入物,其包括一锁孔槽啮合结构与一凸轮型(cam-type)棘齿机构释放特征(ratchetmechanisimreleasingfeature);
图22A至图22C是取自于图21A植入物的中央平面的横截面图,分别显示所述配置杆在一啮合前状态、一啮合的棘齿释放状态以及一啮合的棘齿啮合状态;
图23A至图23C是分别取自于图22A和图22C的平面XXIII的横截面图;
图24A和图24B是根据图14A植入物的一变体实施例的侧视图,显示一连接区段的一第一替代配置,所述植入物分别显示于最小角度和最大角度的状态;
图25A和图25B是根据图14A植入物的一进一步变体实施例的侧视图,显示一连接区段的一进一步替代配置,所述植入物分别显示于最小角度和最大角度的状态;以及
图26A和图26B是根据图14A植入物的一变体实施例的侧视图,显示一连接区段的一进一步替代配置,所述植入物分别显示于最小角度和最大角度的状态。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种在两个组织接触表面之间具有可调整角度的骨科植入物。
参照附图和伴随的描述,根据本发明植入物的原则和操作可以更好地理解。
现在参照附图,图1A至图25B显示植入物的各种实施例,根据本发明实施例的教示而被构造和操作。
概观:
共同参考所有实施例,显示一植入物用于插入两个组织区域之间,具有一基部12,其具有一第一接触表面14用于接触组织的一第一区域。基部12包括一第一部分16可相对一第二部分18位移,当所述第一部分16朝所述第二部分位移18时,所述基部12呈现一初始长度朝向一第二长度缩短。一枢轴元件20,具有一第二接触表面22用于接触组织的一第二区域,所述枢轴元件20在一有效枢轴处24与所述基部12的所述第一部分16相互连接。一连接区段26在一枢轴28枢转的连接所述基部12的所述第二部分18以及在一枢轴30枢转地接连接所述枢轴元件20。
连接区段26的结构与配置,因而所述基部12从所述初始长度朝向所述第二长度的缩短,导致所述连接区段26将所述枢轴元件20的一区域推离所述基部12,从而改变所述第二接触表面22相对于所述第一接触表面14的一角度。
在这个阶段,将已经可以理解的是,本发明提供一非常有利的解决方案,用于调整组织表面之间的角度关系。在第一特别优选组的实施例及对应的应用中,所示装置配置在一椎间空间中,幷且被致动以回复一预期程度的脊柱前凸,或在某些情况下,以产生一高度脊柱前凸(hyperlordotic)的调整,这将在之后进一步讨论。在其他应用中,可以定向所术装置以允许调整椎骨之间的侧向错位,例如矫正脊柱侧弯错位(scoliosismisalignment)。所述装置优选地提供一连续的,或接近连续的范围的调整,通常横跨至少10度的范围(从最小角度到最大角度)。在一些实施例中,可以提供高达超过30度角度的调整。根据以下的描述幷参照附图,本发明的这些特征和其他特征将变得更清楚。
应该理解的是,本发明以下描述的各种示例性实施例在结构和功能上非常类似。为了简明的呈现,在一实施方案内文中描述的特征将不会再次在另一实施方案内文中描述,并且应当理解其同样地适用于所有实施例,除非明确说明或相反情形是显而易见的。例如,参考图5A至图13C而描述的各种形式的配置和相应方法,以及参考图19A至图20C描述的一示例性递送系统,不限于其所说明的植入物实施例的细节,应理解为适用于本发明的本文所公开的所有实施例中,任何所需的细微调整对本领域一般技术人员是显而易见的。
定义:
在更详细介绍本发明的特征之前,定义在说明书和权利要求的本文中使用中的特定术语是有帮助的。当涉及各种元件时,例如基部12、枢轴元件20和连接区段26,应该理解的是,各元件实际上可以由不同的子组件刚性或柔性的互相连接而成的。但基部12的第一部分16和第二部分18例外,其明确的称为可相对移动,上述其他组件被细分成子组件最优选的是刚性地相互连接,使得它们机械地作用为单个组件。因此,举例而言,在图1A中的实施例中,基部12的第一部分16刚性地相互连接支撑铰链24的桥接部16a,而枢轴元件20由两个细长组件组成,其通过枢轴24和30的插销相互连接。
请参考用于接触组织的各种「接触表面」,以及请参考在这种接触表面之间形成的角度。从本文所示的各种实施例将可明确了解,接触表面通常不为光滑的表面,而是形成有各种纹理和/或组织啮合特征,有利于将装置锚定于邻近组织表面上,所述组织通常是骨骼。此外,接触表面的整体轮廓可具有曲率,诸如一凸曲率以啮合相应的凹部,例如在一腰椎椎骨终板(lumbarvertebralendplate)。在所有这些情况下,用于定义角度的接触表面的一平面,可以以整个接触表面的一最佳拟合平面(best-fitplane)来定义,例如通过将最小平方二乘偏差(least-squaresmisfit)最小化,或忽略局部突出特征。当涉及基部12的接触表面14,其包括被设置接触相邻组织的第一部分16和第二部分18,但排除相对凹陷的中间部份,其通常不预期与相邻组织有接触。
两者接触表面之间的角度在说明书和权利要求的本文中被定义为两个接触表面的平面之间延伸相交(extrapolatedtointersect)所形成的角度,通常会超出植入物的本体。在两接触表面的平面相互平行的状态下,其之间的角度定义为0。当枢轴元件20上距离有效枢轴24的最远端开始比枢轴元件20的另一端更靠近基部12,例如在图1A和图4A中所示,则角度被定义为负数。
从各种实施例也可明确了解,接触表面通常不是完整的表面而是具有各种开口(多个孔洞apertures或空间space),可以为封闭(enclosed)或开放的面(open-sided)。事实上在某些优选的实施例中,例如用于脊柱融合(spinalfusion),特别优选的是接触表面为局部表面,其具有一或多个开口,总计为一接触表面占用面积的一总面积的至少四分之一,最优选的是至少一半。「接触表面占用面积」在此目的是指被接触表面平面中的最短边线包围的区域,且所述最短边线包含接触表面的所有部分(突出物)。
当涉及接触表面的长度,这是指接触表面占用面积的最大尺寸,通过图4B中尺寸D1来举例说明。当涉及的连接区段26的长度,这是指转轴28与30之间的连接区段的一尺寸,转轴28与30其与基部12和枢轴元件20枢轴的相互连接,如在图4B中通过尺寸D2例举说明。
当涉及「有效枢轴处(effectivehinge)」或「枢轴的相互连接(hingedinterconnection)」,这是指枢轴关节(hingedjoints)、枢转连接物(pivotallinkages)和集成枢轴处(integralhinges),其提供类似于单一枢轴处在相关范围的角运动的作用。本发明的某些优选实施例的一特定特征是转轴或有效转轴24、28和30的整体几何形状有效地维持为具有一可变长度的侧面的一刚性三角形式,其产生所需的形式改变,然而一连接物或集成关节定义位于植入物的本体之外侧的一有效转轴,并且/或是其在调整期间有所移动也落在此定义的范围之内。
应当注意的是,任何涉及或所有涉及本发明装置的特定方位、解剖方向、或一组件相对于另一者的运动,仅仅适用于清楚的呈现,并且不限制的发明所主张的范围,除非明确说明相反的情形。所述装置可以使用在任何方向,包括使用,例如「基部12」用于最上层以,及第一部分16朝向第二部分18运动通常是指可以通过移动任一个或两者有关的组件来实现相对运动。
术语「近侧」和「远侧」在其正常理解为在配置所述装置期间,所述装置距离医疗执行者较近或较远的部分。在许多示例性实施例中,第一部分16对应于所述近端部分,第二部分18对应的远端部分。但是这种对应关系是示例性的,不应该被认为是限制性的。颠倒配置也显然属于本发明的范围之内,例如请参照在图10所示的前途径植入物。
几何构造:
如上所述,各式各样的本发明实施例的可以基本上被看作是由转轴、或有效转轴24、28和30的位置所定义的刚性三角形结构,其中所述三角形的一边缩短,对应基部12的至少一部分,将导致枢轴元件20角度的变化,其与三角形相对于基部的其他多侧之一者相关。在此总括性定义中,转轴的特定位置、侧边的相对大小、以及相对于底层(underlying)三角形的接触表面的几何形状可都会根据预期应用、需要的角度范围、预期负载、可用的配置力量及所用材料性质有明显不同。可能的几何示例的部分群组显示于本文描述的示例中。
在实施例的一子群组中,请参照显示于图4A至图4C中所示的术语,枢轴元件20的接触表面长度D1比连接区段长度D2长至少40%,并且在许多情况下,长100%,即D1至少是D2的两倍。此比率反映了枢轴元件20执行支撑组织的功能,而连接区段26仅提供一内部机构支撑功能,导致元件20和26之间的不对称性。此外,在一范围的应用中可优选为,连接区段26的「完全上升」状态下(对应于基部12的完全缩短状态)连接区段26的轴对轴的方向(axis-to-axisdirection)相对于基部12的平面,配置为一陡峭角度,通常超过70度。
枢轴元件20的接触表面长度D1通常也为基部12的最小长度L3的至少80%,并且在各种情况下至少等于L3。
可以实施例之间变化的一进一步的参数是枢转连接30沿枢轴元件20的位置。在特定实施例中,枢转连接30紧邻(例如接触表面长度10%以内)最远离所述有效枢轴处24的枢轴元件20端部。在各种情况下,将枢转连接30放置更靠近有效枢轴处24可能是有利的,从而典型地实现在调整一特定基部12长度下,增加调整角度的范围。由于这个原因,对于本发明的特定优选实施例,枢转连接30的优选位置是特定地距离枢轴元件20的端部至少10%的接触表面长度。
通过实施例的方式,参考照图1A至图4C来说明的植入物10的优选但非限制性的实施例以及在参考图14A至图18B来说明的植入物200的优选但非限制性的实施例,枢转连接30距离端部10%至30%的接触表面长度。在参考照图24A至图24B来说明的植入物300的优选但非限制性的实施例,枢转连接30距离端部30%至60%的接触表面长度。在参考照图25A与图25B来说明的植入物400的优选但非限制性的实施例中,枢转连接30距离最远离所述有效枢轴触24的端部50%至80%的接触表面长度。在参考照图26A与图26B来说明的植入物500的优选但非限制性的实施例中,枢转连接30距离最远离所述有效枢轴触24的端部80%至100%的接触表面长度,而当基部的长度改变时,有效枢轴处24本身移近基部的接触表面14,以确保所需的杠杆作用而枢转枢轴元件20。
后者的选项(特别是植入物400和500),促使以基部12的第一部分16和第二部分18较小得多的相对运动实现一特定的角度调整,并且/或是可实现远大得多的范围的角度调整,例如提供高达超过40度的角度,以当在需要时用于高度脊柱前凸(hyperlordotic)的矫正。角运动输出比率的增加使得组件遭受比前者的实施方案显着更大的机械应力,因此需要使用强的机械材料及/或更坚固的结构设计。适合于制造本发明各种实施例的合适材料的一种典型但非限制性的例子(包括高应力植入物)是钛金属。更适用于较低应力的实施例的一额外的材料为生物相容性结构聚合物,例如PEEK。
致动机制和锁定机制:
本发明的植入物的角度调整优选的通过缩短基部12,即通过使第一部分16和第二部分18带向彼此,在本文中称为「致动」。在大多数情况下,致动之后,期望维持植入物的一角度状态,通常在或靠近在调整期间植入物到达的所述最终上升状态。这在本文中称为「锁定」。致动和锁定的功能可以由单一的组合机构来执行,或者通过专用于各功能的多个不同机构执行,并且这些机构可以并入植入物结构,或者可以是单独的结构,其在使用前可以配置在植入物内并且/或是在适当情形下在使用后从植入物移除。
通过组合的、并入的致动和锁定机构的一非限制性示例方式,一螺纹致动器(未显示)可以被配置,从而连结第一部分16和第二部分18,使得致动器螺栓(actuatorbolt)的旋转,或紧固螺母(tighteningnut)的旋转,可有效地施加作用力以使两个部分带向彼此,从而缩短基部12。具有适当选择的螺距的螺纹致动器也可实现摩擦锁定,从而维持装置的任何所需的最终角度。螺纹致动器,特别适合于高应力的实施例,例如如上所讨论的植入物400和500。
在可替代特别优选但非限制性的组实现例组中,采用可移动的致动机构,最优选地并入一递送系成为以用于将植入物定位在体内。这种系统的例子显示于图19A至图20C。
可移除的致动系统的优选操作原理采用配置杆32(图17A至图18B和图20A至图20C),其通过植入物的近端(对应于第一部分16)开口34插入,并与远端部分啮合(对应于第二部分18)。由于此啮合关系,一被施加到植入物的近端(本案例中为第一部分16)的一作用力能被一通过配置杆32施加到第二部分18的相反作用力对抗,从而导致基部12的缩短。
配置杆32的前端与远端部18的啮合关系可通过任何适合的配置达成,例如通过螺纹啮合关系36,如图18A中所示,或者通过插销(pin)38和锁孔槽(keyhole-slot)40的配置,如图21A-图21C所示。致动作用力的施加优选地通过使用内建于一递送系统的把手内的一致动机构所达成,例如图19A至图20C,其允许连续可控的调整第一部分16和第二部分18的相对位移。致动完成后,配置杆32优选地从第二部分18释放,并除去配置系统。可移除的致动器结构在椎间融合应用中具有特定价值,其中植入物的剩余内部体空间优选地邻接组织接触表面中的上述多个开口,以提供一贯通通道,用于形成椎骨终板(vertebralinterplates)之间的骨桥(bonebridge)。近侧开口34还允许引入和/或补足填料,诸如天然或加工的骨片、药物和/或其他填料。
递送系统的非限制性例子一般指派为标号60,显示于图19A-图20C。递送系统优选地包括一分叉的夹持(gripping)机构,包括一对具有互补的啮合特征的夹爪62(jaws),配置为啮合植入物的侧向夹持区域64(见图14A中)。通过旋转一螺纹轴环68(threadedcollar)而推进或抽回外套筒66(outersleeve),使夹爪62紧固及释放从植入物200的啮合关系。
植入物的接触表面的角度调整是通过夹爪62将第一部分16推向远侧,同时一相反作用力通过配置杆32施加到第二部分18的相对运动而达成。一用于产生这些作用力的示例性机构如在图20A至图20C所示。
在此所示的例子中,把手70的旋转导致插入件72的旋转,其对于相对于外壳74的轴向运动被锁定,但是可以自由旋转。插入件72终止在一内螺纹轴环76(internallythreadedcollar),其啮合一机械性地受限制在外壳74中的位移元件78(displacerelement)。位移元件78与致动器套筒80啮合,其机械地连接至外套统66与夹爪62。配置杆32通过此完整组件的中央,并且通过一夹持元件82(clampingelement)与一在杆件32的外围凹部84(peripheralrecess)啮合,相对于外壳74的轴向位移被固定。由于这种结构,把手70的转动可以有效地将位移单元78相对于配置杆32向前推进,从而通过致动器套筒80以及夹爪62将所需的作用力施加,将近端部分16推向被配置杆32固定的远端部分18。优选地,一角度指示器86与位移元件78相连,以至于对设置在外壳74上的多个角度标记相对移动,从而指示给医疗执行者目前植入物的接触表面到达的角度。
使用一可移除的致动系统,通常都需提供一分离的锁定机构。可以使用各式各样的锁定机构来实现本发明,包括但不限于,插入各种支撑元件(proppingelements)、插销(pin)或螺栓(bolts)固定植入物的两个或更多元件之间的相对位置。本发明的实施例的一特别优选的子群组采用棘齿结构,以保持装置的所需配置状态。
具体而言,第一部分16和第二部分18优选地形成有互补特征,以定义棘齿结构(ratchetconfiguration)。如下所示的所述互补特征包括一系列的多个棘齿42(ratchetteeth)与近端部分16相连,以及弹性偏置止动棘44(resilientbiaseddetent)与远端部分18相连,棘齿结构配置允许基部12从初始长度通过一范围的长度进行缩短,幷且阻止基部增长。
使用棘齿结构是特别有利的,其在配置期间允许植入物角度不受限制的调整,同时在配置系统被释放之后,确保配置角度被保持在非常接近最大角度。多个棘齿的间距定义多个锁定位置之间的距离,定义至少一个,优选地至少三个,更优选地至少六个连续的植入物锁定状态。在一些情况下,十个或更多的棘齿可被用来实现锁定位置的准连续范围(quasi-continuousrange)。
如上所述,接触表面具有多个大开口通常是优选的,优选地包括沿着接触表面142的至少部分长度的一主要中央开口,这在一些情况下,排除了棘齿结构的中央定位。相反的,如本文所示的特别优选的实施例使用一对双侧配置的棘齿配置(deployedbilaterallyratchetarrangements),具有一排棘齿42,沿着分叉的第二部分18的各侧,以及一对相应的间隔的偏置止动棘44于第一部分16上,最好请见图3A和图16A。其提供被配置的植入物增强的稳定性和刚性。
应该注意的是,棘齿结构可以任何方向实施,并且可以随意地在近端部分和远端部分之间反转。因此,所述一系列的棘齿可以在近端部分16的一部分实现,可能「向上」面相对枢轴元件20、「向下」面向接触表面14,向内朝向植入物的内部空间,或是向外。
如同所有的医疗植入物,在某些情况下可能会需要重新定位或除去植入物,无论是在配置过程中或在之后的时间点。可选地,多个棘齿42的后表面可具有相对陡的上升表面,而可避免将由直立(upright)或底切表面(undercut)所造成的完全锁定。这种情况下,通过施加足够的向外作用力,将使得锁定被克服,以克服的棘齿结构的相反阻抗。然而更优选地,本发明提供了一种棘齿释放机构以利取消角度配置,而不需要施加过大的作用力,现在将对此进行说明。
棘齿释放机构:
在一介绍方式中,虽然本文所描述的一可调整角度的植入物,本文所描述的棘齿和棘齿释放机构可应用于广泛的任何可调整的植入物,其中调整是通过两个组件之间的相对运动达成,其通常应保持在错开的位置,在调整结束时到达,但其必须有时被释放,以重新调整、重新定位或除去植入物。植入物的额外例子中,这样的机构可以使用来产生优势,包括但不限于,可调节尺寸的植入物,例如扩大笼架,具有或不具有脊柱前凸(lordotic)的矫正。
一种棘齿释放机构的特别优选但非限制性的实施例显示于图16A和图16B。为了便于所述棘齿配置的释放,特别是在这种情况下,同时释放所述双侧的一对棘齿结构,横杆46机械地连接至止动棘44,以致横杆46的向上位移(在此所示的方向)有效的弯曲弹性支撑结构,提高止动棘44以脱离与多个棘齿42的啮合关系。
因此,棘齿结构的脱离可通过近端开口34插入一适当形成的棘齿释放元件来实现,抵靠横杆46,并且释放止动棘44与多个棘齿42的啮合,从而允许基部12延长,在实施例的一特别优选组中,为了便于取消配置,在配置过程中需要时,这种「棘齿释放元件」被并入作为配置杆32的一部分。
根据此途径中,配置杆32与基部12的远部(在此情况下为第二部分18)的啮合关系,被配置以允许配置杆的第一运动,同时保持配置杆32与远部的啮合。配置杆32设有至少一特征,其被配置使得此第一运动可有效地使所述至少一特征抵靠在横杆46,由此释放(多个)止动棘44与多个棘齿42的啮合关,以允许基部的延长。
这些特征的第一实施例在图17A至图18B进一步说明。具体而言,配置杆32和第二部分18之间的螺纹啮合关系36允许一范围内的轴向位置,这取决于配置杆32用于所述螺纹啮合关系36的轴向旋转数。配置杆32具有一向外台阶48的特征,其定位在一第一轴向位置(图18A),使得当与螺纹啮合关系36完全啮合时,向外台阶48承受在横杆46,如其所示「向上」弯曲它,从而将止动棘44从多个棘齿42脱离,如图17A所示。在第二轴向位置(图18B),当只与螺纹啮合关系36部分啮合时,向外台阶48被充分地沿着杆件的轴线抽离,而横杆46已经返回到其未受应力的状态,并且止动棘44分别与多个棘齿42(图17B)啮合,以保持植入物的配置状态。
可替换的实施例于图21A至图23C显示,其中配置杆32和远部18(第二部分)之间的啮合关系,通过横向插销38与具有一锁孔开口40(keyholeopening)的卡口插槽(bayonetslot)啮合。最好请见图23A至图23C,配置杆32在此呈现插销38向上的第一位置(图23A),其中杆件可以通过锁孔开口40自由地插入和移除、第一旋转位置(图23B)(逆时针旋转90度)其中插销38已经锁定在卡口插槽内、以及一第二旋转位置(图23C)(逆时针旋转180度)。最好参见图21C,配置杆32的一区域定位对齐横杆46设置有偏心凸轮表面50(eccentriccamsurface),而其最大半径大致相对插销38。由于此结构,将配置杆32从其第一旋转位置转动到第二旋旋转转位置,有效的使凸轮表面50来承受横杆46,从而将止动棘44提起而脱离多个棘齿42的啮合关系。
可选择地,本发明的植入物的正常插入可与啮合的棘齿配置进行,从而达到在调整过程中植入物立即的、逐步的(step-wise)保留(retention)与稳定。这种情况下,棘齿装置在此调整过程中可以提供听觉和/或触觉反馈,可能会对医疗执行者有所帮助。然后为了释放棘齿机构,配置杆的进一步运动只在调整、重新定位或移除植入物为必要的时候才执行。
可替代地,棘齿释放状态可作为配置期间的预设状态(defaultstate)。在所有的情况下,棘齿的重新啮合优选地发生以作为脱离啮合过程的一部分,并在配置杆32完成从远部脱离啮合关系之前发生,从而有助于确保作用在植入物的任何作用力不干扰植入物的预期调整状态。
本发明的示例性的应用:
本发明的植入物可以用在广泛的应用,其中需要调整两区域组织的相对角度配置。通过非限制性的特别优选的实例例,本发明在本文中说明的主要在各种椎骨间应用。
具体而言,如示意性地在图5A至图5B所显示。植入物10(或52,200,300,400或500)在两个椎骨体900、902之间引入,使得第一接触表面14接触第一椎骨体900的一端板,以及第二接触表面22接触第二椎骨体902的一端板。然后基部12的第一部分16与第二部分18的相对运动被用于致动接触表面之间的角度变化,从而改变两终板之间的角度。
图5A至图5C的具体说明代表一椎间孔(transforaminal)或后向途径,其中植入物被用于脊柱前凸的矫正以恢复或增加相邻椎骨体之间的前凸角度,例如作为椎间孔或后向腰椎椎体间融合的(TLIF或PLIF)过程的一部分。图5A显示植入物的引入。图5B显示,在调整前被配置的植入物的放置,图5C显示,在回复一脊柱前凸角度后被配置的植入物的放置。
图6A和图6B示意性地显示通过椎间孔途径的植入物10(或本文描述的其他实施例)的配置和最后放置的平面图。
图7说明通过后向途径的最终配置。在这种情况下,显示一对植入物的双侧使用,其中两个植入物皆贡献了椎骨体之间的角度修正。使用一个以上的植入物也在本发明的范围内,也可用于椎间孔、侧向和其他途径。
应当指出的是,植入物的尺寸和比例可很容易地根据预期的应用和可用的引入路径进行调整。例如图8和图9所示,用于前向或侧向途径路线,采用单一的解剖形状的植入物,且其大小适于占据椎骨体终板的大部分尺寸可以是优选的。用于前向放置,相对于前向途径第二部分18变为基部12的近端,并且在此情况下,近端开口34穿过植入物52的第二部分18及/或连接区段26。固定植入物52可任选地通过插入前向放置的骨螺钉54而增强,如图10所示。
植入物52也可以通过侧向途径引入。为达此目的,植入物的夹持(gripping)和致动通常通过一横向啮合压缩工具56来进行调整,如在图11A和图11B示意性地描述。
作为脊柱前凸矫正的替代方案,也可以使用本发明的某些实施例,以利于执行其他类型的角度调整或修正。作为例子,图12A至图13C显示使用一合适尺寸的植入物10实施例,来矫正相邻椎骨体之间的脊柱侧弯错位。
在图12A至图12B的实施例中,显示侧向途径,从而对齐植入物,以使角度修正发生在侧向方向。显然地,类似于图11A和图11B的植入物和递送系统可以通过前向途径被引入以实现侧向对期偏转的调整。
如图13A至图13C所示,在这种情况下,端点(endpoint)的调整通常约为零角度倾斜,所以植入物以比较小范围的角度调节来实施通常就足够。如同所有的应用中,植入物实际调整状态是由医疗执行者依临床环境而选择,以实现需要的对齐校正,而可能有很大的差异。
应当理解的是,以上描述目的只是作为示例,幷且许多其它实施例是可能在本发明的保护范围内,如在所附的权利要求所定义。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于插入组织的两个区域之间的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物包括:
(a)一基部,只有一第一接触表面用于接触组织的一第一区域,所述基部包括一第一部分可相对一第二部分位移,当所述第一部分朝所述第二部分位移时,所述基部呈现一初始长度朝向一第二长度缩短;
(b)一枢轴元件,只有一第二接触表面用于接触组织的一第二区域,所述枢轴元件在一有效枢轴处与所述基部的所述第一部分相互连接;以及
(c)一连接区段,枢转的连接所述基部的所述第二部分和所述枢轴元件,因而所述基部从所述初始长度朝向所述第二长度的缩短,导致所述连接区段将所述枢轴元件的一区域推离所述基部,从而改变所述第二接触表面相对于所述第一接触表面的一角度,
其中所述第二接触表面具有一最大尺寸,被称为一接触表面长度,并且其中所述连接区段只有一尺寸,介于所述枢转连接的多转轴之间,被称为一连接区段长度,所述接触表面长度至少比所述连接区段长度长40%。
2.如权利耍求1所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述枢轴元件只有一端部,对应于最远离所述有效枢轴的所述枢轴元件上的一点,并且在所述连接区段与所述枢轴元件之间的枢转连接的一位置距离所述端部有至少10%的所述接触表面长度。
3.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述的植入物进一步包括:一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,并与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远端啮合,使得以一朝远侧方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的一相反作用力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
4.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一部分和所述第二部分形成有互补特征以定义一棘齿结构,所述棘齿结构包括一连串的多个棘齿和一弹性偏置止动棘,所述棘齿结构配置允许所述基部从所述初始长度通过一范围的长度进行缩短,并且阻止所述基部增长。
5.如权利要求4所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物进一步包括一棘齿释放元件,可插入所述植入物中的一开口,并可配置以释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,以允许所述基部增长。
6.如权利要求4所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物进一步包括:一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,并与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远部啮合,使得以一朝远端方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的张力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
7.如权利要求6所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述配置杆与所述远部的一啮合关系被配置成当与所述远部维持啮合时允许所述配置杆的一第一运动,且所述配置杆只有至少一特征,配置成所述第一运动有效的导致所述至少一特征承受所述棘齿结构的一部分,因而释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,而允许所述基部的增长。
8.如权利要求7所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述配置杆与所述远部的所述啮合关系为一螺纹啮合关系,且其中所述第一运动为一旋转,以相对于所述螺纹啮合关系有效的推进所述配置杆。
9.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一接触表面和所述第二接触表面是各为局部表面,其具有一或多个开口,总计为一接触表面占用面积的一总面积的至少四分之一。
10.如权利耍求1所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一接触表面定义一第一接触平面,以及所述第二所述接触表面定义一第二接触平面,并且所述基部从所述初始长度向所述第二长度的缩短,使所述第二接触平面通过相对于所述第一接触平面的至少10°的一角度范围进行位移。
11.一种用于插入组织的两个区域之间的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物包括:
(a)一基部,具有一第一接触表面用于接触组织的一第一区域,所述基部包括一第一部分可相对一第二部分位移,当所述第一部分朝所述第二部分位移时,所述基部呈现一初始长度朝向一第二长度缩短;
(b)一枢轴元件,只有一第二接触表面用于接触组织的一第二区域,所述枢轴元件在一有效枢轴处与所述基部的所述第一部分相互连接;以及
(c)一连接区段,枢转的连接所述基部的所述第二部分和所述枢轴元件,因而使得所述基部从所述初始长度朝向所述第二长度的缩短,导致所述连接区段将所述枢轴元件的一区域推离所述基部,从而改变所述第二接触表面相对于所述第一接触表面的一角度,
其中所述第二接触表面只有一最大尺寸,被称为一接触表面长度,并且其中所述枢轴元件只有一端部,对应于最远离所述有效枢轴的所述枢轴元件上的一点,并且在所述连接区段与所述枢轴元件之间的枢转连接的一位置距离所述端部有至少10%的所述接触表面长度。
12.如权利要求11所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述连接区段只有一尺寸,介于所述枢转连接的多转轴之间,被称为一连接区段长度,所述接触表面长度至少比所述连接区段长度长40%。
13.如权利耍求11所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述的植入物进一步包括:一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,并与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远端啮合,使得以一朝远侧方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的一相反作用力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
14.如权利耍求11所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一部分和所述第二部分形成有互补特征以定义一棘齿结构,所述棘齿结构包括一连串的多个棘齿和一弹性偏置止动棘,所述棘齿结构配置允许所述基部从所述初始长度通过一范围的长度进行缩短,并且阻止所述基部增长。
15.如权利要求14所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物进一步包括一棘齿释放元件,可插入所述植入物中的一开口,并可配置以释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,以允许所述基部增长。
16.如权利要求14所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述植入物进一步包括:一配置杆,插入所述植入物的一近端中的一开口,并与所述基部的所述第一和第二部分的一远部啮合,使得以一朝远端方向被施加到所述植入物的所述近端的一作用力能被一施加到所述配置杆的张力对抗,从而导致所述基部的缩短。
17.如权利要求16所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述配置杆与所述远部的一啮合关系被配置成当与所述远部维持啮合时允许所述配置杆的一第一运动,且一所述配置杆只有至少一特征,配置成所述第一运动有效的导致所述至少一特征承受所述棘齿结构的一部分,因而释放所述止动棘与所述多个棘齿的啮合关系,而允许所述基部的增长。
18.如权利要求17所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述配置杆与所述远部的所述啮合关系为一螺纹啮合关系,且其中所述第一运动为一旋转,以相对于所述螺纹啮合关系有效的推进所述配置杆。
19.如权利耍求11所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一接触表面和所述第二接触表面是各为局部表面,其只有一或多个开口,总计为一接触表面占用面积的一总面积的至少四分之一。
20.如权利耍求11所述的植入物,其特征在于:所述第一接触表面定义一第一接触平面,以及所述第二所述接触表面定义一第二接触平面,并且所述基部从所述初始长度向所述第二长度的缩短,使所述第二接触平面通过相对于所述第一接触平面的至少10°的一角度范围进行位移。
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EP3019124A1 (en) 2016-05-18
EP3019124B1 (en) 2019-09-11
US20150018954A1 (en) 2015-01-15
WO2015004660A1 (en) 2015-01-15
JP6493989B2 (ja) 2019-04-03
JP2016523678A (ja) 2016-08-12
US9005291B2 (en) 2015-04-14
US10149770B2 (en) 2018-12-11
ES2750606T3 (es) 2020-03-26
US20150018951A1 (en) 2015-01-15

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