CN105161190B - High strength windable electromechanical tether with low hydrodynamic drag and system using same - Google Patents
High strength windable electromechanical tether with low hydrodynamic drag and system using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN105161190B CN105161190B CN201510600649.1A CN201510600649A CN105161190B CN 105161190 B CN105161190 B CN 105161190B CN 201510600649 A CN201510600649 A CN 201510600649A CN 105161190 B CN105161190 B CN 105161190B
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- high intensity
- electric conductor
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G11/00—Arrangements of electric cables or lines between relatively-movable parts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D5/00—Other wind motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
- H01B7/043—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables attached to flying objects, e.g. aircraft towline, cables connecting an aerodyne to the ground
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/92—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure
- F05B2240/921—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure kept aloft due to aerodynamic effects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
Abstract
The present invention relates to a tether and a system using such a tether adapted to provide electromechanical coupling of an airborne flying platform to the ground. The tether has a central structural core with electrical conductors at or near the outer diameter of the tether. The tether adopts an external configuration adapted to reduce drag.
Description
It is on July 19th, 2011, the application for a patent for invention " one of Application No. 201180045064.8 applying date that the application, which is,
The divisional application of the system that high intensity of the kind with low hydrodynamic drag can wind electromechanical tethers and the use tethers ".
The cross reference of related application
This application claims the U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 61/th that Vander Lind et al. were submitted on July 19th, 2010
365,655 priority.This application claims the U.S. Provisional Patent Application that Vander Lind were submitted on November 3rd, 2010
61/409,894 priority.
Technical field
The application is related to high intensity lower resistance tethers and the system using the tethers.
Background technology
Tidal energy system (the tethered tidal power that some airborne wind energy systems, power kite, tethers are hitched
System the high tethers intensity of device requirement that the aerostat and other tethers that), parking platform, tethers are hitched are hitched, effectively
The transmission of tethers power, it is and sensitive to hydrodynamic drag effect.
In some airborne electricity generation system situations, the aerial work platform of such as wing can support a collection of turbogenerator.Profit
Platform is connected to ground with the tethers for providing the physical connection of the platform for hitching tethers and ground and electrically connecting.This
In situation, the electric power produced by turbogenerator can be transferred to ground along tethers from aerial platform.In turbogenerator
In the case of as motor driving propeller, for example, it can be used when platform is from raked floor, tethers can be aerial
Platform provides electric power.Moreover, tethers can be the passage as the telemetry related to the control function on platform.
In addition, tethers provides platform to the mechanical connection on ground.In cross wind flying situation, such as when aerial platform is with flat
In platform during the apparent wind mode flight more much higher than nominal actual wind speed, the dragging of tethers can play the part of weight in whole system function
The role wanted.Typically, tethers on some type of spool as aerial platform power capstan part storage.
What is be mentioned is tethers, and using the system of tethers, it provides the high intensity support from ground for aerial platform.
What is be also mentioned is the very low tethers to be adapted to airborne platform support on resistance.
The content of the invention
A kind of tethers, and using the system of this tethers, its be adapted to provide for onboard flight platform and ground machinery and
Electrically connection.Tethers can have division center core, and the structural core has on tethers external diameter or close to the electricity of outer radius
Conductor.The tethers can use the external structure for being suitable to reduction resistance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the diagram for the embodiment for illustrating the electromechanical tethers of high-tensile；
Fig. 2 is the diagram for illustrating to close the embodiment of the electromechanical tethers of electric conductor with beam, and it is helicla flute space for the creativity.
Fig. 3 is to illustrate to include the diagram of the embodiment of the electromechanical tethers of the secondary stress elimination of conductor element in tethers.
Fig. 4 is to illustrate to include the electromechanical tethers of two conductor elements and a chuck as low volume elastic modulus material
Particular example embodiment diagram.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the embodiment for the electromechanical tethers for illustrating the strength member and electric conductor for including alternative transverse sectional construction
Solution.
Fig. 6 is the chart of the tethers performance according to some embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 7 is the viewgraph of cross-section of the tethers according to some embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 8 illustrates several external structures according to some embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Being described in detail for the one or more embodiments of the present invention attaches the accompanying drawing for illustrating the principle of the invention together below
In be provided.The present invention is described with reference to these embodiments, but the present invention is not limited by any embodiment.The present invention's
Scope is only limited by claims, and the scope of the invention includes various replacements, modification and equivalent.It is various specific thin
Section is suggested to provide thorough understanding of the present invention in being described below.These details be provided for example purpose and
The present invention can be carried out without the ground of some or all in these details according to claims.For concise mesh
, known technologic material is not described in technical field related to the present invention, with cause the present invention will not it is non-must
That wants is obscure.
In some embodiments of the invention, the electromechanical tethers of high intensity lower resistance is suitable to use in various applications, for example
Airborne generation platform is attached to ground.In certain embodiments, tethers includes changing the list that the coaxial layer of helical angle is wound
The high intensity core of only composite rod manufacture, around the coaxial mounted low volume elastic modulus material of high intensity core and surround
Low volume modulus of elasticity helical layer is wound or coaxial mounted independent or coaxial insulated electric conductor.When electric conductor can bear conduction
Heat, and may to improve electric conductor in some respects cold for the arrangement of the electric conductor on tethers external diameter or close to tethers external diameter
But and the temperature of high intensity core is reduced.
In certain embodiments, the screw winding of core high tensile allows the relative slip between adjacent strands,
And minimum winding radius of the tethers on rope sheave, roller or pulley is therefore reduced, this is desired for tethers storage
Performance.Pantostrat in high intensity core can wind to reduce or eliminate by the pulling force along tethers with opposed helical
The moment of torsion around tethers produced.Electric conductor is prone to the excessive influence for straining and failing, because they can be than high-strength
Spending core has lower intensity.Various design considerations can show the worry.Electric conductor can be with the helical form of somewhat steep angle
Winding, to allow helical form to be expanded as spring, to replace the strain for occurring electric conductor itself.Moreover, conductance
Low volume elastic modulus material between body and high intensity core is used for the strain for eliminating wire rod, allows conductance when tethers tension
Some compressions of the screw diameter of body and electric current narrow.The low volume elastic modulus material between electric conductor and high intensity core
Use the drift, reduction weight and heat consumption for allowing minimum wire rod helical angle simultaneously therefore to minimize wire rod.
The external position of wire rod is additionally useful for reduction due to temperature increase caused by resistance loss in wire rod, and allows
It is easy to the placement of helical groove in tethers surface to reduce the crucial Reynolds numerical value during reduction of tethers resistance coefficient.At some
In embodiment, enhancing is allowed to cool down and drop via identical design feature along the electric conductor spaced radial of tethers outer dia
Lower resistance.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tidal energy system (tethered hitched in airborne wind energy system, tethers
Tidal power system), power kite, parking platform or need high intensity, long-life and low hydrodynamic drag
It is that the necessary electromechanical tethers used is designed to include the member of passive reduction tethers upper fluid dynamic drag in other application
Part, and include the element strained in reduction conducting element.The tethers used in such applications is required in addition that wound on small
On the roller of diameter or on the sheave of minor diameter.This requirement is realized by the screw winding of stock in tethers, is made
Average diameter per personal share close to the tethers central shaft in bending average diameter so that each stock-traders' know-how go through alternate compression and
Tensile load, the load is balanced by the slip between adjacent strands.Then, pantostrat can be balanced with relative direction winding
Around the possibility synthesis moment of torsion of tethers axis under stress state.Because many high-strength materials extend it in surrender or fracture certainly
By the 1% of length, and many good electrical conductors are extended in surrender or fracture less than 0.4%, so substantially effective machine
The conducting element of electric tethers can be configured as during tying down mobile system using tethers, and be wrapped in roller, being subjected to ratio
The notable small strain of high strength components.By with drastically or principle tethers axial screw angle wind, conductive element can be eliminated
Part is strained.Conduction can additionally be eliminated comprising low volume modulus of elasticity layer by the somewhere in the winding radius of conducting element
Element is strained so that low volume modulus of elasticity layer compresses under conducting element pulling force, it is allowed to some inside radial directions of conducting element
It is mobile, and therefore reduce the required drift of conducting element., can in order to reduce influence of the tethers diameter to hydrodynamic drag
Interlocked with the outer surface to tethers or reduce Reynolds number with groove, in the Reynolds number, the cylindrical shape of tethers has
The resistance coefficient of reduction.In certain embodiments, resistance drop indentation groove can be to trigger the minimum increased mode quilt of tethers diameter
It is arranged between adjacent electric conductor.In certain embodiments, the electric conductor group operated in similar voltage levels can allow reduction
Insulation amount needed between adjacent electric conductor.
In some embodiments of the invention, the electromechanical tethers 101 of lower resistance light weight includes high intensity core 102, low volume
Elastic modulus material 103, insulating materials 104, electric conductor 105 and sheath 106.In various embodiments, high intensity core 102
Including the multiple compound bars or extrusion element to change and alternate spiral angle layer is wound.The compound bar of high intensity core 102
Including fibre element, such as Fypro, carbon fiber or glass fibre；And constraint base member, such as epoxy resin-matrix
Body or vinyl esters matrix.The screw winding of the outer layer of high intensity core 102 allows in operation whole tethers 101 with certain side
Formula is winding on roller, and this kind of mode reduces the limited slip or shearing between adjacent rod.In the various of high intensity core 102
In embodiment, the continuous coaxial layers of compound bar wind partially or completely to balance by tethers under tension with opposed helical direction
The moment of torsion of generation, or wound with same-handed direction.In various embodiments, except compound bar, high intensity core 102 is by doing
Fiber, wire or metallic cable composition.In various embodiments, the central core 107 of high intensity core 102 is by axial composite-rotor
Rod, the low modulus of elasticity materials that tensile strength is still provided, low load packing material, communication line, or any other when fill
Thing material is constituted.In various embodiments, high intensity core 102 is made up of circular, square or trapezoidal cross-section rod, or by appointing
The what rod composition of its appropriate cross-sectional shape, or be made up of the rod of varying cross-section shape.In certain embodiments, it is single
Element is coated with suitable for being easy to the coating slided between element.The coating can be polytetrafluorethylecoatings coatings, PEEK coatings, or
Any other suitable low-friction coating.In certain embodiments, the layer can be coated by suitable for being easy to what is slided between layer
Coating or layer.For example when tethers is on roller, when element and/or layer are moved relative to each other, these low frictions are applied
Layer reduction friction.In certain embodiments, the radial direction winding of low-friction material is placed on each continuous spiral shell of high intensity core
Between rotation layer.
In certain embodiments, each screw winding of high intensity core 102 is wound using hub intensity or hoop tension layer 108
Layer.Although figure 1 illustrates only as single hoop tension layer, exist multiple different-diameters hoop tension layer, each of which
Wound in some respects around single layer.In various embodiments, hub intensity or hoop tension layer 108 include the rigid material of high intensity
Material, or pulling force loading layer, such as polyester film or high-strength for preventing 102 layers of high intensity core non-round or being opened from core
Spend fiber winding.In certain embodiments, the continuous with of high intensity core 102 is further reduced using hoop tension layer 108
Friction in central layer between compound bar.In certain embodiments, high intensity core 102 is manufactured by same central core, but phase
Instead include the element of multiple radial symmetric patterns, each element is constrained or compressed by the element of hoop tension layer 108, for example
Each rod in tethers high intensity core 102 is made up of a bundle compared with spillikin.In certain embodiments, in the various layers of core 102
Interior each element, except central core 107, with same diameter and construction.In certain embodiments, all layers of core 102
With same diameter.In certain embodiments, from tethers center outwards from, the helical wind angle of each pantostrat is increase
's.
In certain embodiments, the high intensity core 102 of tethers 101 is included in concentric low volume modulus of elasticity layer
In 103, or it is partially contained in low volume modulus of elasticity layer 103, with high-strength in low volume modulus of elasticity layer 103
Spend core 102 some with outer layer 110 from center convolution to winding, it is and high-strength in low volume modulus of elasticity layer 103
Spend some outer layers 110 of core 102.In certain embodiments, when high intensity core 102 stretches or ought be applied along electric conductor 105
Plus during stress, low volume modulus of elasticity layer 103 is used for the small radii housing for allowing electric conductor 105 to be located in tethers 101, from
And when maximum allowable conductance body strain is strained significantly lower than maximum allowable core material, limitation conductance body strain is allowing boundary
It is interior.In embodiment in the outer layer 110 of high intensity core 102 with centrally disposed low volume elastic modulus material 103, high intensity
The outer layer 110 of core 102 contributes to compression layer 103, with small percentage on the unloading tethers 101 of outer layer 110 of high intensity core 102
Total tensile load be cost.In certain embodiments, as strain reduction mechanism, grown with spiral angle or along tethers 101
Spend diameter change and spooling electric conductor 105.Therefore, except some strain reliefs in view of electric conductor electric conductor 105 spiral shell
Swing angle degree (when core 102 is strained under loads), such as axial screw spring is extended linearly, bulk modulus layer 103
Relative softness take into account the reduction of electric conductor helical form diameter when in loading, so as to take into account by the second mechanism
Strain relief.When support onboard flight platform load under or when enclose be wound about the drum when, therefore reduction electric conductor in
Strain is the result for stretching tethers.In certain embodiments, low volume modulus of elasticity layer 103 is not included in tethers 101.One
In a little embodiments, other elements may reside in tethers 101.For example, command signal circuit, either electrical conduction or light,
It can be located in tethers 101.
In certain embodiments, the separation stock of the electromechanical ground of insulating materials 104 insulated electric conductor 105.In certain embodiments,
Every personal share or wire in the resolution element insulated electric conductor 105 of insulating materials 104 so that when being wrapped in sheave or roller
Each can electric conductor slip adjacent relative to its by insulated electric conductor when upper.In certain embodiments, electric conductor 105 is multiple
Element is embedded in the discrete component of insulating materials 104, and when tethers 101 is on sheave, insulating materials 104
Undertake shear strain.In various embodiments, electric conductor 105 includes the metal of various aluminium, copper or any other electrical conductor material
Silk, each includes single or multiple stocks.In various embodiments, electric conductor 105 is by any amount of independent gold
Category silk composition or including it is being wound around high intensity core 102, pass through the one or more same centers for insulating separated or coaxial layers.
In certain embodiments, including electric conductor 105 each element include it is being wound around hollow or low volume elastic modulus material,
For increasing multiple independent wires along the strain of the individual component of electric conductor 105, at individual component, damage accumulation or
Generating material is surrendered.In certain embodiments, insulation component 104 and low volume modulus of elasticity 103 are similar elements.
In various embodiments, sheath 106 includes metal, rubber, plastics, the mixture of fiber and matrix, braided wire or appointed
What its suitable material or collection of material so as to comprising and protect other elements of tethers 101.In certain embodiments, sheath
106 are and the identical element of insulating materials 104.
In certain embodiments, sheath 106 has the surface characteristics or shape of reduction resistance.In certain embodiments, protect
Being used for such as wing profile of set 106 reduces the aeronautical dynamics profile of resistance.In certain embodiments, sheath 106 has
There is the helical groove 109 that the gap between the coiled coil packet of electric conductor is consistent.Helical groove 109 can reduce tethers resistance
Power, such as when being used in supporting onboard flight platform.
Fig. 2 is the diagram of electromechanical tether embodiment of the explanation with binding electric conductor, is helical groove space for the creativity.Institute
In the example of display, the beam of lower resistance light weight electromechanics tethers combination electric conductor 205 for the boundary layer on the surface of sheath 206 so as to thread off
The leaving space of element 209.In other embodiments, trigger element can include iron hoop, jagged edge groove or dropout
Any other device in the boundary layer in the flow of fluid of tethers, so that turbulence or introducing flowing whirlpool before natural transition
Whirlpool, and the flow region therefore adhered on increase tethers surface, and therefore reduce resistance coefficient.In certain embodiments, it is first
Part 209 is included in recess or flush surfaces whirlpool in single iron hoop or recess on the surface of sheath 206, such as golf
Generator, such as triangular notches.In one embodiment, element 209 is not flushed with the surface of sheath 206, but under stress
Flush to allow on roller with the pressing of the surface of sheath 206.In certain embodiments, according to the operation thunder of tethers 201
Size and the interval of promise number selection element 209 are so as to minimize the resistance in a kind of operating condition of tethers or operating condition scope
Power, noise, unstable power or some of combination.Boundary layer trigger element 209 is placed on relative to flows outside
At the position of known orientation.In certain embodiments, the surface of tethers 201 is smooth or with consistent roughness.In some realities
Apply in example, each electric conductor in electric conductor group is operated in identical voltage, so as to minimize required insulation thickness.
Fig. 3 is to illustrate that electrical conductive elements are combined in tethers aids in the electromechanical tethers 301 of the lower resistance light weight of strain relief
The diagram of embodiment.In the example shown, tethers 301 includes high-strength composite rod 311, and it is by low volume elastic modulus material
303, electric conductor 305 and insulating materials 304 concentrically around.In certain embodiments, rod 311 is electrically insulated with electric conductor 305.
In certain embodiments, rod 311 does not insulate with electric conductor 305, but is insulated with other electrical conductive elements in tethers terminal.
In some embodiments, electric conductor 305 includes multiple independent insulated metallic filaments wound around high-strength composite rod 311.
Fig. 4 is the diagram for illustrating the electromechanical tether embodiment of lower resistance light weight.In the example shown, tethers 401 has
100 meters of length, including high intensity core 402, the core can be the polyaramid fibes of establishment.The example is further wrapped
Include electric conductor 405, and sheath 406.Electric conductor 405 includes the two establishment 16AWG individually insulated copper metal silks.Sheath 406
Include the ethene wrapper layer of compression biasing, it is used to position and compresses electric conductor 405.When tethers 401 is not by pulling force, electric conductor
The combination of compression load in 405 and the compliance in sheath 406 is used as low volume modulus of elasticity layer 102,103 and at it
Visible 303 equivalent in its embodiment, passes through the length change of the high intensity core 402 in certain weight range, reduction
405 layers of length change of electric conductor.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in Figure 5, it is shown that lower resistance light weight electromechanics tethers 501, its middle level is
Rectangular cross section.In this embodiment, the tethers 501 with 500 meters of length, including multiple layers of high strength core 502.It is strong per floor height
Core 502 is spent, such as layer 510 can include multiple square or rectangular cross section independent carbon fiber extrusion forming, it is designed
Into make high intensity core 502 have than cylinder bar construction high intensity core less diameter of equal value because with cylindrical elements layer
Compare, packaging factor is higher.In certain embodiments, each carbon fiber extrusion forming in high intensity core 502 is along spiral shell
Rotation path is stretched out to eliminate the latent stress when being assembled into tethers 501.In one example, each extrusion forming has 3
And the major cross-sectional dimension between 5 microns.
Because the spiral angle of layer 510 is small, because distorting answering for generation in length in independent carbon fiber extrusion forming
Power is small.In certain embodiments, each carbon fiber extrusion forming stretches out to enter one along spiral path in high intensity core 502
Latent stress in step reduction tethers 501.In this illustration, each extrusion forming has the main cross section between 3 and 5 microns
Size.Tethers 501 further comprises hoop tension layer 508, and it prevents the high intensity core 502 in processing, bending or low-tension
Interior independent extrusion forming dislocation.Tethers 501 can have hoop tension layer 508, and it can be the virtue being soaked in ethylene rubber
Group polyamide braid.Hoop tension layer 508 is wound using low volume modulus of elasticity layer 503, it includes rigidity and is attached to hoop tension
Low firmness foam rubber on layer 508 and insulation 504.Electric conductor 505 can include the entity of multiple identical square cross sections
Copper metal silk, each individually insulate with insulating materials 504.Insulating materials 504 can include each around electric conductor 505
The PVC extruded layers of electrical conductive elements.Electric conductor 505 can be divided into two groups, each group there are 5000 volts operating voltage, and
Another group with 0 volt of operating voltage.Electric conductor 505 is constrained by sheath 506, and it can include helical groove 509.Sheath 506
The extruding ethylene rubber on polyaramid braid can be included in.In certain embodiments, helical groove 509 is cut into shield
Set 506, and with the physical dimension for being adapted to the typical operation Reynolds number of tethers 501.For example, helical groove 509 can be 1 micron of depth
With 2 microns of wide semi-circular cross-sections, opened along every 10 micron pitch of the circumference of tethers 501.
In certain embodiments, tethers is suitable to utilize turbogenerator support parasite power generation system.In intensity and electricity
In the limitation of conductibility requirement, relative to the mobile system resistance tied, the resistance of tethers is minimized.With reference to wing area,
The total drag coefficients scope of tethers is from about 0.03 to 0.15.In this case, tethers act as wing have it is high many
Resistance coefficient.With reference to the cross section of its own, for flat cylindrical body, tethers has about 1.2 resistance coefficient, but for big
The Reynolds number of scope, groove or depression make the number be reduced to approximate 0.6, for the Reynolds number of close limit, are reduced to 0.45.
Some aspects, larger groove can promote the resistance at compared with low reynolds number to reduce, but only relatively small reduction.It is less recessed
Groove can promote the resistance coefficient at compared with high reynolds number to reduce, and can cause more obvious reduction.
Fig. 6 depicts the diagram of various tether embodiment resistance coefficients, is drawn on axle 601, is used as tethers Reynolds number
Function, it draws along axle 602.First curve 603 describes the resistance system of the tether embodiment with relatively large surface groove
Number.Second curve 604 describes the resistance coefficient of the tether embodiment with smaller surface groove.3rd curve 605, which is described, to be had
The resistance coefficient of the tether embodiment of smooth surface.When the present invention be used to berth airborne wind turbine, airborne wind-force whirlpool
The speed of turbine must stays below the maximum level in blast situation.The helical groove for example described in Fig. 1 on sheath 106
Surface configuration, the surface configuration causes the resistance curve coefficient of such as the first curve 603 and the second curve 604, increases in height
Therefore resistance coefficient when fast simultaneously contributes to maintain airborne wind turbine to be less than maximal rate.Such as the first and second curves 603,
Shown in 604, low coefficient resistance is begun to ramp up in higher Reynolds number (it represents higher speed in this example).Therefore, it is
Chain is equipped with surface, such as helical groove, in the apparent wind speed of preferred operations, and it causes desired resistance to reduce, but
Higher than favor speed apparent wind speed when, it can also cause the increase of desired resistance.By in the apparent wind higher than desired speed
Increase resistance when fast, the effect is adapted to the design.
Many jacket surface processing, the helical groove for example described again in sheath 106, before middling speed drop in resistance
Also show increases resistance in low speed.In some embodiments of the invention, on sheath 106 helical groove is spaced apart simultaneously
With certain size so that in low speed, the increase of resistance coefficient is apparent less than the minimum preferred operations of airborne wind turbine flies
Scanning frequency degree.In cross wind flying system situation, apparent wind speed may be substantially higher than ambient wind velocity.In certain embodiments, on edge
And different surface configurations is used at the diverse location of tethers length, such as close to bottom and close to the position at the top of tethers, from
And in the apparent wind speed of each location matches.In certain embodiments, the tether portion only closest to aerial platform is formed not
Reduce resistance.
In certain embodiments, helical groove is not cut into tethers surface, on the contrary using spiral iron hoop, linear iron hoop,
Depression or other boundary layer tripping mechanisms obtain the lower resistance in job area.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, tethers be used as the airborne wind turbines of 400kW be
Chain.The tethers 701 can be designed to bear 300kN power with safety coefficient 2.In the alternately layer 702 of helical angle, tethers
701 can have 370 strands of carbon fiber 1mm extrusion formings 711.Interior stock (the 371st) core 707 has 2mm diameters.In each company
Helical angle in subsequent layers starts increase with 1 degree in the nearest first layer of the freestone heart 707 and increases to 5 degree on outermost layer.Extruding
Shaping is moderate elasticity modulus carbon fiber.There is 10 layer 702 outside core.All layers are applied polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to reduce volume
Around when friction.Outermost layer 711 has 1 degree of helical angle, and outermost layer 710 has 5 degree of helical angle.Intermediate layer have from
The rough linear helical angle for increasing to outermost layer 710 of innermost layer 711, slightly adjusts the helical angle to minimize because pulling force is produced
The moment of torsion around tethers bottom.Outermost layer 710 is wound with 1 degree approximate more than zero torque design of helical angle, so that when airborne
When wind turbine is with circular flight path flight, it is allowed to which tethers bottom is rotated freely.Bearing resistance in tethers bottom exists
It is not consistent during bearing service life, and relied on the non-linear to load on tethers, set increased on outermost layer 710
Helical angle is so as to match the average torque of every tensile load, bearing of the tensile load during the operation lifetime.
In these layer of outside live conductor 705, it is insulated using two layers of insulation：FEP inner insulating layer 704, Yi Jizhong
External insulation layer 703 etc. hardness PVC.It is three one metal wires in each conductive part, every is individually insulated using FEP.
In some embodiments, conductive part is using the relative chiral of layer 710 the most by spiral winding.Wire 705 can include aluminium
Electric conductor stock is simultaneously rotated so the shape of cross section shown in figure, and is annealed before using FEP insulation 704.In some embodiments
In, FEP insulation 704 is approximately 0.2mm thick, and is configured to wire 705 and provides main electric screen barrier, and the wire is near
Like 5000 volts of transmission DC electric currents.
By punch die extruded silicone layer, the punch die makes the chamfer angle of edge 709 so that when all wires are outside core
When portion is combined together, helical groove is remained with the surface.Helical groove is rough 2mm deeply and counted around Zhou Changyou 16
Number.Although in order to illustrate that purpose only show single insulated electric conductor in the figure 7, existing around the continuous of tethers periphery
Insulated electric conductor layer.Because adjacent Chamfer Edge 709, edge combines to form groove.The insulated electric conductor is around carbon stock
Spirally wind, therefore produce the helical groove around tethers.In assembly, all 16 sheaths 16 are melt using heating
Melt to produce single consistent entity sheath.
Fig. 8 illustrates the shape of cross section of the various possible embodiments of the electromechanical tethers of lower resistance light weight, such as Fig. 1 tethers
101, Fig. 2 tethers 201, or the tethers of its measured resistance coefficient profile is represented in figure 6.In various embodiments,
Tethers includes the areal cross-section shape 801 along its circumference with multiple hemispherical cuts, vibrates the areal cross-section of radius
Shape 802, the areal cross-section shape 803 with surface defectivity (such as those introduced by sandblast), or it is any
Other suitable tethers.In certain embodiments, tethers is other shapes, and it causes increasing on Reynolds number or speed
Resistance coefficient.In certain embodiments, tethers is deformed by flying speed or on pulling force so that the shape being changed
Cause the increase of tethers resistance coefficient.In higher wind and higher flying speed, the major part of the tethers of crosswind kite system
It is subjected to higher than any given apparent wind speed by speed.In certain embodiments, tethers includes areal cross-section shape, the shape
Shape shows resistance coefficient reduction (see shape 801 or shape 803) when higher than certain speed or Reynolds number.In certain embodiments,
Tethers only includes this shape of cross section in the tether portion close to Kite so that as inertia wind speed or kite wind speed (kite
When speed) increasing, the increased apparent wind on the tethers close at the attachment point of ground is not reduced to tethers resistance coefficient to be produced
Influence.
From described above it is clear that given herein explanation can configure various embodiments, and for this area
Additional advantage and modification are obvious for technical staff.The present invention is not limited to the tool here it is shown that with description in its broad sense
Body details and example shown.Therefore, this details can be deviateed in the spirit or scope typically applied without departing from applicant.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of high intensity tethers for electrical conduction and tensile load, the tethers includes：
Prostheses, wherein, the prostheses include central core, and wherein, the central core includes axial rod；
Low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer, it is concentrically around the prostheses；
Multiple electric conductors, the multiple electric conductor is positioned along the outside of low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer；And
Outer sheath layer, the outer sheath layer includes multiple boundary layer dropout features.
2. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the multiple electric conductor should along the low volume modulus of elasticity
Become the outside of eliminating layer by screw winding.
3. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the multiple electric conductor is divided into one or more electric conductors
Multiple helical coil windings, the helical coil winding of described group of one or more electric conductors in the outer surface along the tethers
Between limit spiral spacer.
4. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the multiple helical coil winding of one or more electric conductors
Each group wound around strength members.
5. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the strength members are compound bars.
6. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the axial rod of the central core includes composite.
7. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the composite includes carbon fiber and bound base volume elements
Part.
8. high intensity tethers as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the central core is cylindrical cross-section.
9. a kind of system of the kite power generation hitched with tethers, the system includes：
Earth station；
Kite, the kite includes：
Main wing；With
Multiple turbine-driven generators；And
Tethers, the tethers is attached in the earth station and is attached at the second end on kite, the tethers in first end
Including：
Prostheses, wherein, the prostheses include central core, and wherein, the central core includes axial rod；
Low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer, it is concentrically around the prostheses；
Multiple electric conductors, the multiple electric conductor is positioned along the outside of low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer；And
Outer sheath layer, the outer sheath layer includes multiple boundary layer dropout features.
10. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the multiple electric conductor disappears along low volume modulus of elasticity strain
Except the outside of layer is by screw winding.
11. system as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the multiple electric conductor is divided into the multiple of one or more electric conductors
Between helical coil winding, the helical coil winding of described group of one or more electric conductors in the outer surface along the tethers
Limit spiral spacer.
12. system as claimed in claim 11, wherein, it is every in the multiple helical coil winding of one or more electric conductors
One group is all wound around strength members.
13. system as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the strength members are compound bars.
14. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the axial rod of the central core includes composite.
15. system as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the composite includes carbon fiber and constraint base member.
16. system as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the central core is cylindrical cross-section.
17. a kind of high intensity tethers for electrical conduction and tensile load, the tethers includes：
Prostheses, wherein, the prostheses include central core；
Low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer, it is concentrically around the prostheses；
Multiple electric conductors, the multiple electric conductor is positioned along the outside of low volume modulus of elasticity strain relief layer；And
Outer sheath layer, the outer sheath layer includes multiple boundary layer dropout features.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36565510P | 2010-07-19 | 2010-07-19 | |
| US61/365,655 | 2010-07-19 | ||
| US40989410P | 2010-11-03 | 2010-11-03 | |
| US61/409,894 | 2010-11-03 | ||
| US13/185,507 | 2011-07-19 | ||
| CN201180045064.8A CN103118941B (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | A kind of high strength with low hydrodynamic drag can up-coiler electric system chain and use the system of this tethers |
| US13/185,507 US8921698B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | High strength windable electromechanical tether with low fluid dynamic drag and system using same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180045064.8A Division CN103118941B (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | A kind of high strength with low hydrodynamic drag can up-coiler electric system chain and use the system of this tethers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105161190A CN105161190A (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| CN105161190B true CN105161190B (en) | 2017-10-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510600649.1A Expired - Fee Related CN105161190B (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-07-19 | High strength windable electromechanical tether with low hydrodynamic drag and system using same |
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| Country | Link |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170190418A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-06 | X Development Llc | Electro-Mechanical Bridles for Energy Kites |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4365865A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1982-12-28 | Sea-Log Corporation | Hybrid cable construction |
| US5274725A (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1993-12-28 | Bottoms Jack Jr | Tight buffered fiber optic groundwire cable |
| CN200990254Y (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-12-12 | 国际能源技术有限公司 | Compound reinforced electric transmission conductor |
| CN101644805A (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-02-10 | 沈群华 | Parallel optical cable |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090289148A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Makani Power, Inc. | Faired tether for wind power generation systems |
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2011
- 2011-07-19 CN CN201510600649.1A patent/CN105161190B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4365865A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1982-12-28 | Sea-Log Corporation | Hybrid cable construction |
| US5274725A (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1993-12-28 | Bottoms Jack Jr | Tight buffered fiber optic groundwire cable |
| CN200990254Y (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-12-12 | 国际能源技术有限公司 | Compound reinforced electric transmission conductor |
| CN101644805A (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-02-10 | 沈群华 | Parallel optical cable |
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