CN105021343A - Single fiber bundle probe differential pressure sensor - Google Patents
Single fiber bundle probe differential pressure sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105021343A CN105021343A CN201510402161.8A CN201510402161A CN105021343A CN 105021343 A CN105021343 A CN 105021343A CN 201510402161 A CN201510402161 A CN 201510402161A CN 105021343 A CN105021343 A CN 105021343A
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Abstract
The invention provides a single fiber bundle probe differential pressure sensor. A housing of a sensor probe is internally and slidbly provided with a piston; the two ends of the piston are respectively provided with a spring; one end of each of the two springs is fixed to the piston; the two ends of the housing are fixedly and respectively provided with an end cover; the other end of each of the two springs is fixed to the corresponding end cover; the two end covers are respectively provided with a through hole along the length direction of the housing; the two ends of the piston are respectively provided with a piston rod; the other ends of the two piston rods extend into the through holes in the corresponding end covers respectively; the other end of one through hole is inserted by a fiber probe; cavities at the two ends of the piston are respectively provided with a fluid though hole communicated with the external portion of a probe structure; an outgoing fiber of the fiber probe is connected with a photoelectric detector; and the photoelectric detector is connected with a signal processor. Therefore, the problems that an existing differential pressure sensor is not suitable in many occasions, is not high in practicality and cannot meet actual differential pressure measurement requirements are solved. The single fiber bundle probe differential pressure sensor belongs to the differential pressure detection field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technology
Differential pressure pick-up is widely used in industry, is mainly used in measuring equipment, parts or the fluid pressure differential at diverse location, and it is widely used in the detection fields such as tail gas pressure reduction, gas flow, height of liquid level, clean room monitoring.Now, there is the differential pressure pick-up adopting different principle, such as resistance-type, condenser type, inductance type, flow controller formula, magnetic liquid formula, MEMS formula etc., wherein resistance-type, condenser type are comparatively common, all the other types are because practicality is not strong, limitation is in the concept phase more greatly or still, be not promoted, but also there is the shortcoming of self in resistance-type, capacitance differential pressure transducer, can not well be competent in a lot of occasion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: provide a kind of single fiber bundle to pop one's head in differential pressure pick-up, inapplicable in a lot of occasion to solve existing differential pressure pick-up, practicality is strong, cannot meet actual pressure differential and measure the problem required.
The solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up, comprise sensor probe, photodetector and signal processor, sensor probe comprises housing, housing is tubular construction, slide in housing and be provided with piston, the two ends of piston are respectively arranged with a spring, one end of two springs is all fixed on piston, the two ends of housing seal respectively and are fixed with end cap, the other end of two springs is individually fixed on corresponding end cap, two end caps all offer a through hole along the length direction of housing, the two ends of piston are respectively arranged with a piston rod, one end of two piston rods is corresponding to be respectively fixed on the end face of piston, the other end of two piston rods is stretched in the through hole on corresponding end cap respectively, and be provided with O-ring seal between piston rod and through hole, the end face of the piston rod in one of them through hole is provided with reflective mirror, and in this through hole, fibre-optical probe has been stretched into by the other end of this through hole, the sidewall of the through hole between fibre-optical probe with this piston rod also offers the air hole be connected with sonde configuration outside, a fluid through-hole be connected with sonde configuration outside is offered respectively in the chamber at piston two ends, the outgoing optical fiber of described fibre-optical probe is connected with photodetector, fiber-optical probe is connected with signal processor.
Also include light source, Y type coupling mechanism and optical fiber, light source is arranged at one end of optical fiber for generation of fiber-optic signal, the optical signal that light source sends enters in optical fiber, the other end of optical fiber is divided into incident optical and reference optical fiber after Y type coupling mechanism, incident optical is linked into the fibre-optical probe in sensor probe, and as the incident optical of fibre-optical probe, reference optical fiber is then independent to be connected with a photodetector, and this photodetector is also connected with signal processor, the optical signal that light source sends enters in optical fiber, two-way is divided into again by Y type coupling mechanism, one tunnel arrives fibre-optical probe through incident optical, be irradiated in reflecting piece, reflected light after reflection enters reception optical fiber, opto-electronic conversion is carried out to photodetector by reception Optical Fiber Transmission, again through the signal transacting input signal processor in later stage, another road is directly transferred to photodetector through reference optical fiber and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and the input signal processor after treatment of the electric signal after conversion, signal processor carries out ratio computing to this two paths of signals again.
In order to avoid spring is on the impact of sensor, the structure of two springs and specification are all identical, when piston is positioned at the centre position of two end cap, two springs all in the raw, i.e. spring tensionless winkler foundation and compression set;
For ensureing the sensing effect of fibre-optical probe, ensure that the distance between two ends fibre-optical probe and reflecting piece balances, two through holes are all opened in the center position of place end cap, and two through holes, piston and two piston rods are all coaxially arranged, and reflective mirror is vertical with fibre-optical probe to be arranged;
As preferred structure, described fibre-optical probe is tightened in through hole by screw thread, firm and accurate to ensure that fibre-optical probe is located;
For ensureing the fixing of spring and the dilatation in deflected length direction occurring when preventing spring from using, the middle part of end cap is provided with the lug boss stretched in housing, lug boss is the cylindrical structural coaxial with through hole, and one end of two springs is respectively on the sheathed lug boss being fixed on corresponding end cap;
For ensureing the sealing effectiveness of piston, anti-fluid flows into spring place chamber through piston ridge, is provided with piston packing between piston and the inwall of housing;
For ensureing serviceable life and the result of use of sensor, the preferred wimet of material of piston;
For the impurity in anti-fluid enters sensor probe, described fluid through-hole is provided with filter screen.
The fibre bundle of fibre-optical probe is formed by incident optical and reception optical fiber set armouring, and the incident optical other end docks with light source, in order to the incident light that is coupled, receives fiber exit end and is connected with light activated element, output light intensity signal.
The principle of work of sensor probe part is: pass into two kinds respectively by two fluid through-holes and treat fluid measured, when the hydrodynamic pressure in the test chamber of the left and right sides is equal, piston is in equilibrium position, middle part, and the axis on piston makes a concerted effort to be zero, and piston does not produce axial displacement; When there is pressure differential in the fluid in the test chamber of the piston left and right sides, piston out of trim, to the Slideslip that pressure is lower, thus compress this side damping spring, opposite side damping spring is stretched, piston movement make a concerted effort to a new axis be zero equilibrium position.When piston is in equilibrium position, middle part, distance between the fibre-optical probe of sensor side and piston rod end face reflective mirror is initial distance, being considered as identical and storing their data in computing machine of this initial distance same model, test out reflected light initial beam intensity, now after opto-electronic conversion and signal transacting calculate, output valve is 0 simultaneously; When the fluid in the test chamber of the piston left and right sides exists pressure differential, now both sides damping spring is different by the length compressed, and piston produces axial displacement.Therefore, sensor fiber probe changes with the distance of reflective mirror, thus the output optical signal intensity that fibre-optical probe receives optical fiber is different from initial beam intensity, the output valve size after opto-electronic conversion and signal transacting calculate can reflect the pressure differential size of both sides test chamber inner fluid.
one, sensor intensity compensation principle
With reference to Fig. 1, the light that in the method, light source sends passes through
ytype coupling mechanism is divided into two-way, and a road enters sensor probe, arrives photodetector after reflection, and another road is transferred to photodetector through reference optical fiber, and so the output signal of two photodetectors is respectively:
Carrying out ratio computing to above-mentioned two formulas is:
(1)
In formula:
for the luminous power that light source exports;
for the transmitance of incident optical;
for receiving the transmitance of optical fiber;
l c for the transmitance of reference optical fiber;
,
for the sensitivity of photo-detector;
for coupling ratio;
for this side probe modulating function.
Two sonde configurations of differential pressure pick-up are identical again, and its modulating function is:
Also can be found out by above formula, by the intensity compensation to light, well can eliminate the error that light source power fluctuates and coupling mechanism brings, then select stable optical detection device, thus the error avoiding photoelectric detector to introduce, realize good intensity compensation.
two, mathematical model of sensor
2.1 intensity modulated mathematical models
The Cleaning Principle of every side of the present invention test chamber is all identical with optical intensity modulation Fibre Optical Sensor, as shown in Figure 3, and the outgoing optical fiber in fibre bundle
tFthe illumination sent is mapped on reflector plate, after reflectors reflects, then is sent to the reception optical fiber in fibre bundle
rFend face.Only have when reflective taper end face exists overlapping area with reception fiber end face, reflected light could be received optical fiber and receive.In the distance of fibre bundle and reflecting piece
dwhen changing, according to reflection theorem, along with
dcontinuous change is large, and light cone bottom is large from little change, never enters reception fiber end face, to progressing into reception fiber end face, then to covering completely, along with
dfurther increase, reflected light and its area coverage no longer change, but intensity still because of away from and constantly diminish.Quantitative test is carried out to this process below:
If the intensity modulation function of sensor is
m, be
rFreceive luminous flux with
tFthe ratio of the luminous flux sent, it reflects the System of Intensity Modulation Property of optical intensity modulation Fibre Optical Sensor.Here in order to the simplification of mathematical model, and the convenience calculated, when not affecting System of Intensity Modulation Property curve distribution rule, distribution of light intensity after the distribution of fiber exit distribution of light intensity and reflection is distributed and ignores, might as well suppose that output intensity is radially evenly distributed, the illuminance so on reflective taper end face is:
(1)
In formula
for the optical power loss coefficient of incident light;
for light source couples is to the luminous flux in launching fiber;
rfor the radius of reflective taper end face.
Think that again the illuminance of reflective taper end face is uniformly distributed, the input luminous flux so receiving optical fiber is:
（2）
In formula
for receiving the loss factor of optical fiber,
sfor reflective taper end face and reception optical fiber end overlapping area.
Then intensity modulation function
mfor:
(3)
Because optical power loss coefficient is definite value for the sensing system determined, so
mvalue size primarily of
swith
r 2 ratio determine.
(3) reflective taper end face radius in formula
rcan be calculated by following formula:
（4）
In formula:
for launching fiber radius,
nAfor the numerical aperture of optical fiber.
(3) reflective taper end face and reception optical fiber end overlapping area in formula
scan be calculated by following formula:
； （5）
In formula:
lfor launching fiber and the centre distance receiving optical fiber,
for receiving fiber radius,
,
for light cone bottom and the central angle receiving the crossing rear formation of fiber end face,
,
.
The sensor designed to make the present invention has the good linearity and sensitivity, makes sensor original state work in above-mentioned modulation function in design
mscarp slope segment of curve centre position near, now corresponding reflective taper end face and receive optical fiber end overlapping area
sfor the second formula in (5) formula, the one-sided intensity modulated model of sensor so of the present invention is:
（
） （6）
2.2 mathematical model of sensor
Relation below between analyte sensors intensity modulated model and pressure reduction, the pressure of known two ends fluid is respectively
,
if right direction is just, then suffered by pick-up piston both sides, hydrodynamic pressure is respectively:
；
（7）
In formula: the sectional area of pick-up piston both sides is equal, namely
;
If pressure reduction makes piston move right
, the power that piston both sides damping spring produces is respectively:
；
（8）
In formula:
for spring initial variable (being designed to 0),
for amount of piston displacement,
,
for both sides spring rate, both sides spring is identical again, so
.
According to stress balance, have:
, then pressure differential:
（9）
Because size sensor and damping spring are determined in the design phase, so in above formula (9)
with
for constant, so amount of piston displacement
detect cavity pressure size to sensor both sides to be directly proportional.
Then required pressure reduction
(10)
three, experimental result and analysis
According to above theoretical foundation and formula, choose initial value
,
,
,
, pick-up piston contact area is about
,
when changing to 0.33mm from-0.33mm, the Output rusults of sensor.Through emulation experiment, light flux variations as shown in Figure 4.
Be not difficult to find out according to Fig. 4, luminous flux moves from left to right along with piston and is increasing trend, and has the good linearity.This is because sensor original state works in modulation function
mscarp slope segment of curve centre position near, namely reflective taper end face with receive fiber end face be in intersection, now along with distance
dincrease progressively, be coupled into receive optical fiber light intensity increase, so high-pressure side luminous flux is increasing trend, keep the good linearity simultaneously.
The present invention compared with prior art, major advantage is as follows: known through structural design, theoretical research and experimental analysis, this sensor has less structure, higher degree of accuracy and reliability, the preferably advantage such as adaptability and interchangeability, practicality is extremely strong, output signal output valve after opto-electronic conversion and signal transacting calculate will change at double, thus improve detection sensitivity, this sensor can be applicable to numerous pressure differential detection occasion.
Meanwhile, this differential pressure pick-up adopts piston cylinder operator as pressure detector part, when running into hydrodynamic pressure, piston is translation motion, only need can calculate fluid pressure differential according to the translational movement of piston, the requirement for Fibre Optical Sensor is lower, calculates and measures more simple, and piston structure is more stable, be not subject to external interference, not fragile, serviceable life is more permanent, the reliability of sensor, adaptability and interchangeability are had comparatively much progress, is suitable for the measurement being used as fluid differential pressure; The intensity compensation principle of sensor is more simple, and practicality is stronger.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the systematic schematic diagram of described sensor, and wherein, A is fluid intake;
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of this sensor probe configuration;
Fig. 3 is reflective taper and reception fiber position graph of a relation;
Wherein: 103 refer to reflecting surface, 104 refer to emergent light spot, and 105 refer to reflective taper end face, 106 refer to reception fiber end face, 107 refer to reflective taper end face and RF tangent, 108 refer to that reflective taper end face is compatible with RF, and 109 refer to that reflective taper end face is crossing with RF;
Fig. 4 is light flux variations curve map.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to accompanying drawings,
Embodiment:
With reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up, comprises sensor probe 1, photodetector 2, signal processor 3, light source 4, Y type coupling mechanism 5 and optical fiber 6;
Sensor probe 1 comprises housing 11, housing 11 is tubular construction, slide in housing 11 and be provided with piston 12, the material of piston 12 is hard aluminium alloy, piston packing 111 is provided with between the inwall of piston 12 and housing 11, the two ends of piston 12 are respectively arranged with a spring 14, the structure of two springs 14 and specification are all identical, when piston 12 is positioned at the centre position of two end cap 12, two springs 14 all in the raw, one end of two springs 14 is all fixed on piston 12, the two ends of housing 11 seal respectively and are fixed with end cap 13, the middle part of end cap 13 is provided with the lug boss 132 stretched in housing 11, lug boss 132 is cylindrical structurals coaxial with through hole 131, the other end of two springs 14 is respectively on the sheathed lug boss 132 being fixed on corresponding end cap 13, two end caps 13 all offer a through hole 131 along the length direction of housing 1, the two ends of piston 12 are respectively arranged with a piston rod 15, one end of two piston rods 15 is corresponding to be respectively fixed on the end face of piston 12, two through holes 131 are all opened in the center position of place end cap 3, two through holes 131, piston 12 and two piston rods 15 are all coaxially arranged, the other end of two piston rods 15 is stretched in the through hole 131 on corresponding end cap 13 respectively, and be provided with O-ring seal 16 between piston rod 15 and through hole 131, the end face of the piston rod 15 in one of them through hole 131 is provided with reflective mirror 17, and in this through hole 131, fibre-optical probe 18 has been stretched into by the other end of this through hole 131, fibre-optical probe 18 is tightened in through hole 131 by screw thread, reflective mirror 17 is vertical with fibre-optical probe 18 to be arranged, the sidewall of the through hole 131 between fibre-optical probe 18 with this piston rod 15 also offers the air hole 19 be connected with sonde configuration outside, a fluid through-hole 110 be connected with sonde configuration outside is offered respectively in the chamber at piston 12 two ends, fluid through-hole 110 is provided with filter screen 112.
The outgoing optical fiber 181 of described fibre-optical probe 18 is connected with photodetector 2, fiber-optical probe 2 is connected with signal processor 3, light source 4 is arranged at one end of optical fiber 6 for generation of fiber-optic signal, the optical signal that light source 4 sends enters in optical fiber 6, the other end of optical fiber 6 is divided into incident optical 61 and reference optical fiber 62 after Y type coupling mechanism 5, incident optical 61 is linked into the fibre-optical probe 18 in sensor probe 1, and as the incident optical of fibre-optical probe 18, reference optical fiber 62 is connected with a photodetector 2 separately, and this photodetector 2 is also connected with signal processor 3.
Claims (9)
1. a single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up, it is characterized in that: comprise sensor probe (1), photodetector (2) and signal processor (3), sensor probe (1) comprises housing (11), housing (11) is tubular construction, slide in housing (11) and be provided with piston (12), the two ends of piston (12) are respectively arranged with a spring (14), one end of two springs (14) is all fixed on piston (12), the two ends of housing (11) seal respectively and are fixed with end cap (13), the other end of two springs (14) is individually fixed on corresponding end cap (13), two end caps (13) all offer a through hole (131) along the length direction of housing (11), the two ends of piston (12) are respectively arranged with a piston rod (15), one end of two piston rods (15) respectively correspondence is fixed on the end face of piston (12), the other end of two piston rods (15) is stretched in the through hole (131) on corresponding end cap (13) respectively, and be provided with O-ring seal (16) between piston rod (15) and through hole (131), the end face of the piston rod (15) in one of them through hole (131) is provided with reflective mirror (17), and in this through hole (131), fibre-optical probe (18) has been stretched into by the other end of this through hole (131), the sidewall of the through hole (131) between fibre-optical probe (18) with this piston rod (15) also offers the air hole (19) be connected with sonde configuration outside, a fluid through-hole (110) be connected with sonde configuration outside is offered respectively in the chamber at piston (12) two ends, the outgoing optical fiber of described fibre-optical probe is connected with photodetector (2), fiber-optical probe (2) is connected with signal processor (3).
2. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also include light source (4), Y type coupling mechanism (5) and optical fiber (6), light source (4) is arranged at one end of optical fiber (6) for generation of fiber-optic signal, the optical signal that light source (4) sends enters in optical fiber (6), the other end of optical fiber (6) is divided into incident optical (61) and reference optical fiber (62) after Y type coupling mechanism (5), incident optical (61) is linked into the fibre-optical probe (18) in sensor probe (1), and as the incident optical of fibre-optical probe (18), reference optical fiber (62) is then connected with a photodetector (2) separately, and this photodetector (2) is also connected with signal processor (3).
3. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: structure and the specification of two springs (14) are all identical, when piston (12) is positioned at the centre position of two end cap (13), two springs (14) all in the raw.
4. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: two through holes (131) are all opened in the center position of place end cap (13), two through holes (131), piston (12) and two piston rods (15) are all coaxially arranged, and reflective mirror (17) is vertical with fibre-optical probe (18) to be arranged.
5. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fibre-optical probe (18) is tightened in through hole (131) by screw thread.
6. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the middle part of end cap (13) is provided with the lug boss (132) stretched in housing (11), lug boss (132) is the cylindrical structural coaxial with through hole (131), and one end of two springs (14) is sheathed to be respectively fixed on the lug boss (132) of corresponding end cap (13).
7. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with piston packing (111) between the inwall of piston (12) and housing (11).
8. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of piston (12) is wimet.
9. a kind of single fiber bundle probe differential pressure pick-up according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fluid through-hole (110) is provided with filter screen (112).
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| CN105806422A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 贵州大学 | Flow sensor probe with single optical fiber bundle and detection method implemented by flow sensor probe |
| CN105806547A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 贵州大学 | Blade-type damping optical-fiber differential pressure sensing system and detection method thereof |
| CN105865545A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-17 | 贵州大学 | Double-probe differential pressure flow sensor and detection method thereof |
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| CN105806422A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 贵州大学 | Flow sensor probe with single optical fiber bundle and detection method implemented by flow sensor probe |
| CN105806547A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 贵州大学 | Blade-type damping optical-fiber differential pressure sensing system and detection method thereof |
| CN105865545A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-17 | 贵州大学 | Double-probe differential pressure flow sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN105865544A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-17 | 贵州大学 | Double-piston symmetrical damping type flow sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN105890678A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州大学 | Momentum type flow sensor probe structure and detection method thereof |
| CN105910752A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-31 | 贵州大学 | Blade damping optical fiber differential pressure sensor probe and detection method thereof |
| CN105910660A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-31 | 贵州大学 | Dynamic-measurement type flow sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN106052781A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-26 | 贵州大学 | Single-piston fiber flow sensor probe and detection method thereof |
| CN106092222A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-11-09 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single-piston optic flow sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN106092217A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-11-09 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single fiber line quantity sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN105806547B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-06-29 | 贵州大学 | Blade damp type optical fiber differential pressure sensor-based system and its detection method |
| CN106092217B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-02-19 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single fiber line quantity sensor and its detection method |
| CN106052781B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-03-08 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single-piston optic flow sensor probe and its detection method |
| CN106092222B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-03-12 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single-piston optic flow sensor and its detection method |
| CN105865544B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-03-12 | 贵州大学 | The symmetrical damp type flow sensor of double-piston and its detection method |
| CN105865545B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-04-02 | 贵州大学 | A kind of dual probe differential pressure flow transducer and its detection method |
| CN105806422B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州大学 | A kind of single fiber line quantity sensor probe and its detection method |
| CN105910660B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2020-03-24 | 贵州大学 | Momentum type flow sensor and detection method thereof |
| CN113143212A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Light intensity type high-sensitivity pressure sensor, sleep state monitoring system and method |
| CN113143212B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2024-03-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Light intensity type high-sensitivity pressure sensor, sleep state monitoring system and method |
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