CN104868706B - A kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method - Google Patents
A kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104868706B CN104868706B CN201510308409.4A CN201510308409A CN104868706B CN 104868706 B CN104868706 B CN 104868706B CN 201510308409 A CN201510308409 A CN 201510308409A CN 104868706 B CN104868706 B CN 104868706B
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- voltage
- charge pump
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- conversion ratio
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
Charge-pump type Switching Power Supply has the advantages that low EMI, high efficiency, small volume, is the important component of power-supply management system, and the present invention proposes a kind of automatic gain saltus step control method that specific charge pump is changed towards multivoltage.This method exports the charge pump of voltage stabilizing for switching frequency modulation, circuit is controlled to estimate load current value according to the control voltage Vcon and the voltage difference delta V of striding capacitance discharge and recharge of current oscillation product, when oscillator control voltage exceedes higher limit V_conmax, increase voltage conversion ratio, and as the control voltage higher limit V_conmax and the voltage difference delta V of next stage voltage conversion ratio striding capacitance discharge and recharge of oscillatornProduct be more than present load valuation Vcon × Δ V0When, reduce voltage conversion ratio, so as to improve system effectiveness while charge pump driving force is ensured.
Description
Technical field：
Patent of the present invention cover charge pump DC-DC converter principle, multivoltage conversion specific charge pump dc-dc, from
Dynamic gain hit control method, frequency modulation(PFM) output method for stabilizing voltage.
Background technology：
With continuing to develop for integrated circuit technique, a large amount of appearance of portable mobile termianl are especially in recent years, intelligent
The popularization of the products such as mobile phone, panel computer, GPS, electronic system it is also proposed more requirements to power supply, for example：It is portable
Property, low-power consumption, output stabilization, high efficiency etc., promoted the development of portable electric appts power technology.Electronic system is generally not
It can directly be powered for it by battery or power supply adaptor, and need a voltage modulator to be converted to unstable DC voltage
Stable system power supply power supply.At present, dc-dc is broadly divided into two classes：Linear voltage regulator and Switching Power Supply modulator.Line
Property voltage-stablizer there is low ripple, low noise, design simple, be widely used in the occasion to noise-sensitive, but it also has
It is less efficient and the shortcomings of step-down can only be realized.Switching Power Supply is divided into inductive type and capacitor type again.Wherein, inductive type Switching Power Supply
Energy-storage travelling wave tube is inductance, and advantage is high conversion efficiency, has the disadvantage there is ripple interference in output end, and have electromagnetic interference
(EMI) problem；Capacitor type (also known as charge-pump type) Switching Power Supply uses electric capacity as energy-storage travelling wave tube, greatly reduces EMI, changes
Efficiency is also higher, has the disadvantage that output end Ripple Noise is larger.
Simulation and radio circuit are generally powered, although this avoids making an uproar for power supply to noise-sensitive using linear stable
Acoustic jamming, but system effectiveness is relatively low.Conventional charge pump-type Switching Power Supply typically uses fixed conversion ratio and fixed switching frequency line
Property control charge pump discharge and recharge, with low noise, the advantage that high EMI suppresses, but its conversion efficiency is low, is especially operated in low negative
The conversion efficiency of load is relatively low.In order to improve efficiency and reduce output ripple, it can be exported using by adjusting switching frequency come stable
Electric capacity pump of the frequency modulation(PFM) multivoltage conversion than pattern of voltage, co-ordination is asked between this just brings multivoltage conversion ratio
Topic.
Multivoltage conversion specific charge pump-type Switching Power Supply gain hit mode mainly has two kinds：One kind is not adoption status
Machine, directly carries out Schema control, another is the control of adoption status machine with combinational logic circuit.Directly with Combinational Logic Control
Advantage is that logic is simple, fast response time, and its shortcoming is exactly easily to produce competition between two kinds of modulation schemes, so as to cause output
Concussion, output voltage ripple is larger.The control of adoption status machine can avoid the competition between pattern, the control flow delivered at present
For：When output voltage is higher than high threshold voltage, charge pump is waited for (i.e. pulse-skip modulating mode PSM), now
By output capacitance to load discharge, output voltage reduction；Below the low to high threshold voltage of output voltage drop, but remain above low door
During voltage limit, switched capacitor array starts with low gain to output capacitance and load discharge, defeated if now load continuous increases
When going out voltage less than low threshold voltage, charge pump, which becomes again, jumps to the electric discharge of high gain mode, until higher than low threshold voltage, it
After return to low gain mode.This control method is fixed switching frequency, by than between being redirected back and forth in two conversions, is made defeated
Go out to be maintained in nominal value range, logic is simple, but under some loading conditions, can be because the frequent of conversion ratio be redirected and caused
Output ripple is larger.
Pulse frequency modulated (PFM) can improve system conversion efficiency particularly light-load efficiency, while controlling to a certain extent
Output voltage ripple processed, its principle is switching frequency is changed with the change of load current, when the decline of load current, switch
Frequency reduces, and load current rises, and switching frequency then increases.If load current and switching frequency are linear, no matter bear
How load changes, and ripple is equal in magnitude.Except in addition to having greater advantage in terms of ripple, electricity of the system effectiveness also superior to fixed frequency
Lotus pump.When light load, reduction switching frequency can reduce switching loss, so as to improve system effectiveness.
The driving force of charge pump is also multiplied by addition to being proportional to the product of switching frequency and striding capacitance by supply voltage
Difference after voltage conversion ratio with output voltage determines that difference is bigger, and driving force is bigger, but system effectiveness is with the increasing of difference
Plus and reduce.Thus, under specific voltage transformation ratio, the size of system effectiveness and driving force is contradiction, and it is in order to meet
The driving force requirement of heavy duty, must sacrifice efficiency during underloading.The method for solving this contradiction is using multivoltage conversion
Than being compared when heavily loaded with big conversion to improve driving force, being compared during underloading with small conversion to improve efficiency, so as to improve system
Average efficiency.For certain loads, how to judge, using which kind of conversion ratio, not only to have met requirement but also the guaranteed efficiency of driving force,
It is the key technology for realizing such scheme.
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic gain saltus step control method for switching frequency modulation, and it is according to current VCO
Whether control voltage Vcon is higher than higher limit V_conmax to judge current voltage conversion than whether having enough driving forces；Together
When, the relatively more current poor Δ V of striding capacitance charging/discharging voltage0With the control voltage Vcon of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) product value Δ V0
× Vcon, Δ V poorer than lower striding capacitance charging/discharging voltage is changed with low voltage order onenWith multiplying for VCO control voltages V_conmax
Product value Δ Vn× V_conmax size, judges whether that system can be improved than driving present load with the conversion of low voltage order one
Efficiency.The technology realizes higher conversion by automatically selecting suitable voltage conversion ratio while proof load driving force
Efficiency.
The content of the invention：
The present invention is directed to the charge-pump type Switching Power Supply of switching frequency modulation, it is proposed that a kind of multivoltage changes the automatic of ratio
Gain hit control method, accompanying drawing 1 is shown in using the charge pump system schematic diagram of the technology.The system of accompanying drawing 1 controls electricity by state
The module groups such as road, switched capacitor array, error amplifier, band-gap reference circuit, voltage controlled oscillator, multi-phase clock generation circuit
Into.Modulation of the system to output in accompanying drawing 1 employs switching frequency modulation, is controlled while switching loss when reducing underloading
Output ripple.
The theory diagram of switching frequency modulation is realized as shown in Fig. 2 the error voltage of output voltage and reference voltage, through by mistake
Poor amplifier amplifies rear-guard dynamic pressure controlled oscillator, is so achieved that switching frequency changes with load：When load current rises,
Error voltage increases, switching frequency increase, improves driving force；And when load current declines, error voltage reduces, switch frequency
Rate is reduced, and reduces switching loss, improves efficiency.
Automatically controlling for voltage conversion ratio (i.e. gain) includes two parts in the present invention：1) to improve driving force, by
Low voltage transition ratio jumps to high voltage conversion ratio；2) to improve efficiency, low voltage transition ratio is jumped to by high voltage conversion ratio.
The judgment mode for improving voltage conversion ratio is, when VCO control voltage Vcon (error voltage after amplification) is super
Cross setting maximum V_conmax when, that is, switching frequency exceed highest frequency when, illustrate currently change ratio driving energy
Power is not enough, then is switched to high level conversion ratio.
It is to compare present load size and low voltage order one to be changed by high voltage than being switched to the judgement principle of low conversion ratio
The maximum load driving force than lower charge pump is changed, if the latter is more than the former, illustrating the conversion ratio of low one-level can drive
Present load, then be switched to low level conversion ratio.The driving force of charge pump except being proportional to switching frequency, be also proportional to fly across
The difference of capacitor charge and discharge voltage, i.e. supply voltage are multiplied by the difference with output voltage after voltage conversion ratio, such as formula (1).
IL ∝ K × (Vin × Gain-Vout) × fsw=K × Δ V × fsw (1)
Wherein, IL is load current, and Vin is input supply voltage, and Gain voltage conversion ratios, Vout is output voltage, Δ V
Poor for the charging/discharging voltage of striding capacitance, fsw is switching frequency, and K is proportionality coefficient.
In charge pump normal work, output voltage Vout is through resistance R1And R2The feedback voltage V f obtained after partial pressure is about etc.
In reference voltage Vref, if the K in formula (1) is equal to feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout ratio K f,
Kf=Vf/Vout=R2/ (R1+R2), (2)
Then K × Δ V can ask poor estimation with Vin × Gain × Kf and Vref in formula (1), i.e.,
Kf×(Vin×Gain-Vout)≈Kf×Vin×Gain-Vref。 (3)
In addition, for the output voltage regulation way of switching frequency modulation, switching frequency fsw is determined by VCO control voltage Vcon
Fixed, if design VCO frequency range, makes fsw be approximately proportional to Vcon, then behind aggregative formula (1) and (3), load is electric
Flow and be：
IL∝Kf×ΔV×fsw∝(Kf×Vin×Gain-Vref)×Vcon。 (4)
The big I of present load is by currently changing the Kf than under × Δ V0Estimated with current Vcon product；And low one-level
The driving force of charge pump can be by Kf of the conversion than under × Δ V under voltage conversion rationWith multiplying for V_conmax set in advance
Product estimation.
A kind of gain for being directed to four voltage conversion ratios redirects decision circuit theory diagram as shown in figure 3, adder in figure
Realize the function of subtraction, and in figure V_one, V_2third, V_half and V_lthird be respectively for voltage conversion ratio ×
1st, × 2/3, × 1/2 with the value of Kf × Gain × Vin when × 1/3.When current voltage conversion being shown in Fig. 3 than being × 1
The state of decision circuit.
Brief description of the drawings：
A kind of multivoltage conversion specific charge pump dc-dc system block diagram of the switching frequency modulation of accompanying drawing 1；
The frequency modulation(PFM) of accompanying drawing 2 exports principle of stabilized voltage block diagram；
The reduction voltage conversion ratio of accompanying drawing 3 redirects decision circuit theory diagram；
Embodiment：
Implementation steps for the charge pump DC-DC automatic gain saltus step control of switching frequency modulation include：
1) during system starts, initial voltage conversion ratio can select since low voltage transition ratio, can also select
Since high voltage conversion than, or by detecting input voltage, closest to the conversion of target output voltage after selection is converted
Than.
2) voltage Vf and reference voltage of the output voltage after partial pressure difference obtain Vcon after amplifying through error amplifier,
Driving oscillator VCO, controls VCO concussion frequency, reduction concussion frequency when output voltage is too high, otherwise then increases frequency.
3) the system voltage conversion ratio that detection is used under present load and switching frequency in real time, if VCO control voltages
Vcon is higher than higher limit V_conmax, and switching frequency exceeds working range, then selects high voltage order one conversion ratio；Vcon is less than V_
During conmax, the court verdict that system redirects decision circuit according to reduction voltage conversion ratio decides whether to change to low voltage order one
Than saltus step, result selects low voltage order one conversion ratio when being and can redirect, otherwise keep current voltage conversion than constant.
4) reduction voltage conversion ratio redirects decision circuit by comparing discharge and recharge of the current voltage conversion than lower striding capacitance
Voltage difference delta V0With VCO control voltages Vcon and the product value Δ V of Proportional coefficient K0× Vcon × K, changes with low voltage order one and compares
The poor Δ V of the charging/discharging voltage of lower striding capacitancenWith the higher limit V_conmax and the product value of Proportional coefficient K of VCO control voltages
ΔVn× V_conmax × K size, when the value of the latter is more than the former, it is allowed to redirect, otherwise keeps current voltage conversion ratio.
5) output voltage Vout is through resistance R1And R2The feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout that are obtained after partial pressure ratio is
Kf, step 4) K in product term is taken as Kf, the poor Δ V and Kf of charging/discharging voltage of striding capacitance product value with Vin × Gain ×
Kf and Vref asks poor Vin × Gain × Kf-Vref to be estimated.
6) step 5) in Vin × Gain × Kf with power supply bleeder circuit realize.
Reference numerals list：
Vin input supply voltages
Vout output voltages
Vf feedback voltages
Vref reference voltages
Vcon output voltage error amplifiers, while being also voltage controlled oscillator control voltage
R1Output divider resistance 1
R2Output divider resistance 2
RLLoad resistance
CLLoad capacitance
CLK clock signals
Kf feedback voltage Vs f and output voltage Vout ratio
Gain_down low gains redirect decision signal
V_conmax output voltage error amplifier higher limits
V_one gains be × 1 conversion than when input voltage vin and voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f product
V_2third gains be × 2/3 conversion than when input voltage vin and voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f product
V_half gains be × 1/2 conversion than when input voltage vin voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f product
V_lthird gains be × 1/3 conversion than when input voltage vin voltage conversion ratio and COEFFICIENT K f product
Charging/discharging voltage poor Δ V of the Kf × Δ V0 current voltages conversion than lower striding capacitance0With COEFFICIENT K f product
Charging/discharging voltage poor Δ V of the low voltage order one conversions of Kf × Δ Vn than lower striding capacitancenWith COEFFICIENT K f product
Claims (3)
1. a kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method, for steady using the output of switching frequency modulation
Pressure mode, it is characterised in that after the error voltage value between current output voltage and reference voltage amplifies through error amplifier
Vcon, in addition to for controlling switch frequency, whether control circuit judges current conversion ratio always according to the error voltage after amplification
Need increase to improve load driving force, or whether need to reduce to improve converter efficiency；
When current voltage conversion is than being not maximum, the error voltage Vcon after amplification is more than maximum V_ set in advance
During conmax, gain is redirected to high voltage conversion ratio；
When current voltage conversion is than being not minimum, compare current voltage conversion output voltage amplified than under and reference
The changing value Δ V of error voltage Vcon between voltage and current striding capacitance through discharge and recharge voltage thereon0And COEFFICIENT K multiplies
Product Vcon × Δ V0After × K, with amplification the upper limit V_conmax of error voltage value with low voltage order one conversion than when fly across electricity
Hold the changing value Δ V through discharge and recharge voltage thereonnAnd product V_conmax × Δ V of COEFFICIENT Kn× K, when the value of the latter is big
When equal to the former, it is allowed to redirected to low voltage order one conversion ratio.
2. a kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method according to claim 1, its feature exists
In COEFFICIENT K is taken as Kf, i.e., output voltage Vout is through resistance R1And R2The feedback voltage V f obtained after partial pressure and output voltage Vout
Ratio, and input voltage vin asks poor by partial pressure and reference voltage Vref, obtains under current and low voltage order one changes and compare
Estimation Δ V of the striding capacitance through a discharge and recharge changing value of voltage and Kf products thereon0× Kf and Δ Vn×Kf。
3. a kind of charge pump DC-DC converter automatic gain saltus step control method according to claim 2, its feature exists
In input voltage vin asks poor through partial pressure and reference voltage Vref, and the intrinsic standoff ratio for being input voltage vin is that the voltage of converter turns
Product Gain × Kf than Gain and Kf is changed, wherein Kf is feedback voltage V f and output voltage Vout ratio.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105529993B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-10-12 | 江苏星宇芯联电子科技有限公司 | One kind is from voltage stabilizing LC voltage controlled oscillators |
| CN105896961B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-09-20 | 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 | The control method and device of charge pump |
| EP3319215B1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2020-12-23 | GN Hearing A/S | Hearing instrument comprising switched capacitor dc-dc power converter |
| CN109802562A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-24 | 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 | Voltage-regulating system |
| CN111010029B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-01-05 | 上海南芯半导体科技有限公司 | Light-load frequency reduction circuit of charge pump based on current control |
| CN114900036A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Switched capacitor voltage-stabilizing chip circuit with double control modes |
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