CN104065971A - 识别和处理数据流内数据的系统和方法 - Google Patents

识别和处理数据流内数据的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN104065971A
CN104065971A CN201410227995.5A CN201410227995A CN104065971A CN 104065971 A CN104065971 A CN 104065971A CN 201410227995 A CN201410227995 A CN 201410227995A CN 104065971 A CN104065971 A CN 104065971A
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data flow
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CN104065971B (zh
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乔恩·拉科沃斯克
丹尼尔·维特
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Vectormax Corp
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Vectormax Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及识别和处理数据流内数据的系统和方法。一种涉及编码视频数据流的系统。该系统包括确定与视频数据流关联的属性的第一测定器和接收来自第一测定器的属性并编码识别流语法的流首部的编码器。流首部用标记语言编码。多路复用器使编码的流首部和视频数据流相结合。

Description

识别和处理数据流内数据的系统和方法
本申请是申请日为2005年10月5日，申请号为200580041448.7，发明名称为“识别和处理数据流内数据的系统和方法”的申请的分案申请。
相关申请的前后参照
此为2004年10月5日提交的美国临时申请序列No.60/615,989的非临时申请。
技术领域
本系统涉及编码视频数据，尤其是涉及提供一种识别和处理数据流内数据的装置。
背景技术
多媒体数据流是编码视频数据流，其能够被传输而被播放器应用程序接收，一般为媒体播放器应用程序。在传输多媒体数据流以前，数据流分割成多个数据包，其包含表示编码视频数据的帧的一部分的数据。流本身和流的每个相应的数据包都包括首部，其为接收系统提供关于接收的流和/或数据包的代表流语法(syntax)的信息。现有系统以至少文本和二进制格式中的一种来编码该信息。然而，这些格式有问题，因为其不容易升级且要求播放器以指令系统硬编码，其能以编码格式为流解码。因此，减小了流的灵活性，因为必须更新用于解码数据流的流代理服务器(proxy)以运用任何更改的流语法，否则流代理服务器将遭受失败。
标记(markup)语言是广泛使用的语言，其提供了一种描述与数据单元关联的逻辑结构或语义学(semantics)的方式，并给系统提供了关于如何进行至少一个运用、处理和显示接收的数据流的指令。标记语言的例子如超文本标记语言(HTML)、可扩展标记语言(XML)和标准通用标记语言(SGML)。标记语言提供了注解数据或数字数据集合的机制，以便说明文档或数据文件的结构及其数据单元的内容。这些语言可以很容易扩展。然而，其通常与数据流关联而且不随之集成形成。
根据本发明原理的系统处理这些缺点和有关的问题。
发明内容
编码视频数据流的系统和方法。测定器确定与视频数据流关联的属性。编码器接收来自第一测定器的属性并编码识别流语法的流首部，流首部用标记语言编码。多路复用器使编码流首部和视频数据流相结合。
用于解码编码的视频数据流的系统。解析器分析所接收的数据流和流首部以确定用于识别所接收的数据流和数据流的帧的属性的标记标签的存在。解码器解码所接收的数据流和标记标签。显示发生器响应于所接收的数据流的识别的属性而产生解码的视频数据流的显示。
本发明提供一种用于编码视频数据流的系统，所述系统包括：
第一测定器，其用于确定与所述视频数据流关联的属性；
编码器，其用于接收来自所述第一测定器的所述属性并编码识别流语法的流首部，所述流首部是用标记语言编码的；和
多路复用器，其用于结合所述编码的流首部和所述视频数据流。
所述系统可进一步包括第二测定器，所述第二测定器可用于确定与所述数据流内帧组关联的属性。
所述编码器编码可包括所述确定的属性的分段首部，所述确定的属性可识别所述数据流的每个帧组在标记语言中的帧组语法。
所述标记语言可以为XML。
所述多路复用器可在所述数据流的有效载荷之前放置所述编码的流首部，其中所述有效载荷可包括所有的所述帧组。
所述多路复用器可在各帧组之前定位所述数据流中的每个编码的分段首部。
所述的系统可进一步包括分割器，所述分割器可用于将所述数据流分割成可传输的数据包。
所述流首部可包括多个字段，每个字段可定义所述确定的流属性中各一个。
每个所述分段首部可包括多个字段，每个字段可定义所述确定的帧组属性中各一个。
本发明还提供了一种用于解码编码的视频数据流的系统，所述系统包括：
编译器，其用于编译多个接收的数据包以形成包括多个帧的数据流；
解析器，其用于分析所述数据流和流首部以确定存在识别所述接收的数据流和所述数据流的帧的属性的标记标签；
解码器，其用于解码所述接收的数据流和标记标签；
显示发生器，其用于响应于所述接收数据流的识别的属性而产生所述解码的视频数据流的显示。
所述标记语言可以为XML。
本发明另外还提供了一种编码视频数据流的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
确定与所述视频数据流关联的属性；
编码流首部，所述流首部基于所述确定的流属性识别流语法，所述流首部用标记语言编码；和
结合所述编码的流首部和所述视频数据流。
所述的方法可进一步包括以下步骤：
确定与所述数据流内每个帧组关联的属性；和
为每个单独的帧组编码分段首部，每个分段首部可定义所述单独的帧组的帧组语法。
所述标记语言可以为XML。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明原理包括多种类型首部的数据流；
图2是根据本发明原理编码的首部的结构图；
图3是根据本发明原理数据流编码器的结构图；
图4是详述本发明编码器工作的流程图；
图5是根据本发明原理媒体播放器应用程序的结构图；和
图6是根据本发明原理详述媒体播放器应用程序工作的流程图。
具体实施方式
这里使用的应用程序是可执行计算机程序或包含代码或机器可读指令的指令系统，以实现预定功能，包括操作系统、医疗信息系统或其它信息处理系统如响应用户命令或输入的功能。可执行程序是一段代码(机器可读指令)、子程序、或执行一个或更多个特殊处理的代码的其它独立段或可执行程序的一部分，可执行程序可以包括在接收的输入参数上(或响应于接收的输入参数)执行操作并提供作为结果的输出参数。这里使用的处理器是执行任务的机器可读指令装置和/或系统。处理器包括硬件、固件和/或软件中的任何一个或其组合。处理器通过处理、分析、修改、转换或传输信息以使可执行程序或信息设备使用信息，和/或通过将信息发送到输出设备而作用于信息。例如，处理器可以使用或包括控制器或微处理器的性能。这里使用的多媒体内容或内容流是任何编码或未编码的数据，其至少有视频数据和音频数据中的一个。这里使用的帧表示应用程序数据的极小的单位，而帧组指一组帧。
可以使用多种不同的编码方案来编码和压缩多媒体数据流。改变编码方案的选择取决于接收和处理视频数据的应用程序。系统包括使用专用编码格式编码的多媒体数据流，从而视频数据流被分割成单独的帧组，其中每个单独的帧组由多个单独的视频帧组成。根据使用的编码方案来确定帧组的结构和形成组的帧。这里使用的数据流被认为是系统流且图1示出示意性的系统流20。
每个系统流20包括流首部22和多个帧组26、28。用标记语言如XML编码流首部22。流首部22是标记语言编码文档，并描述至少一个与插入流首部的数据流有关的流属性。在流首部22中描述的每个单独的流属性由标记语言标签表示，且至少一个标签识别表示单独属性的数据并提供关于处理表示单独属性的数据的指令。这些流属性共同定义流语法，所述语法为媒体播放器应用程序可读，并需要为媒体播放器应用程序提供关于如何处理接收的流数据的指令。例如流首部能提供信息以便为解码接收的数据流而初始化正确的解码器。没有正确的指令或如果数据流包括媒体应用程序不可读的首部，媒体播放器应用程序将失败且数据流将不被解码。因此，必须提供配有关于如何运用每个标记语言标签的指令系统的媒体播放器应用程序。
使用标记语言来编码流属性数据是有利的。标记语言容易扩展以合并关于其表示的数据的新的特征和功能。任何理想的流属性可在流首部22内编码。这有助于数据流格式将来的扩展和推广应用。此外，在XML中提供流语法的系统流允许任何媒体播放器应用程序接收并解码由已知标签表示的信息而忽略由未知标签表示的信息。因此，当试图解码与之有关的未知指令信息时，媒体播放器应用程序将不失败。流属性包括但不限于高度、宽度、比特率、流大小和流持续时间。
图1示出的数据流包括两个帧组，第一帧组26和第二帧组28。每个单独的帧组26，28包括多个单独的帧。第一帧组26包括三个帧26A、26B、26C而第二帧组28包括两个帧28A、28B。这里显示的流只是为了举例，而数据流20可包括由任何数量的单独帧组成的任何数量的帧组，所述帧由用于编码数据流20的编码方案确定。每个单独的帧组至少有一个与之关联的帧组属性。系统流20提供多个分段首部24，每个分段首部24在相应帧组的第一单独帧的前面紧接着放置。类似于流首部22，分段首部24是包括符合至少一个流属性的信息的标记语言编码文档。帧组属性包括但不限于帧组类型，即关键(I)帧组或增量(P)帧组、组长和组序列号。
流首部22和分段首部24表示属性信息。这些首部22、24不等同于单独数据包或数据报首部，其包括关于单独数据包或数据报的成帧和序列信息。相反，流首部22和数据包首部24与数据包或数据报分离而嵌入数据流20内，且为媒体播放器应用程序提供指示应用程序如何处理并使用数据流的信息。
每个数据流和帧组的属性随同帧数据一起通过应用程序接口。XML编码器分析属性并检测这些属性中的变化。当检测到属性中的变化时，编码器或者编码流首部22或者编码分段首部24，并当检测到有关的变化时插入相应的标记语言标签。流的一些属性由操作码(operator)间接规定。例如，如果操作码规定视频以320x240像素编码，这些参数将被编码入流首部。任何流语法的升级将作为新标签出现在首部内。
图2是作为例证的流首部22。每个流首部22和分段首部24的格式是相同的且直接取决于在单独的首部22、24内描述的属性的数量，该属性描述与之关联的或者数据流或者帧组。流首部22包括开始字段12，其包含识别被编码为首部的文档的标记语言标签。流首部22进一步包括多个属性字段14，每个属性字段都有符合描述首部所嵌入的数据流的属性的信息。第一属性字段14A包括第一标记语言标签，其表示代表第一属性的数据。第二属性字段14B、第三属性字段14C和第四属性字段14D中每一个都包括标记语言标签，其表示代表图1所示数据流20的附加属性的数据。流首部22包括包含标记语言标签的结束字段16，该标签表示首部22结束且没有附加信息存在。
图3是系统编码器的结构图。提供了用预定编码方案编码的源视频数据30。为第一测定器34、第二测定器36和多路复用器42中的每一个提供编码视频数据。第一测定器34检查编码数据流，确定与视频数据流关联的属性，并为第一首部编码器38提供确定的属性。第一首部编码器38编码流首部，其用标记语言并响应于确定的流属性而规定流语法。第二测定器36分析形成数据流的帧组，并确定与数据流内每个单独的帧组关联的属性。为第二首部编码器40提供确定的帧组属性，以编码帧组首部，其用标记语言并响应确定的帧组属性而规定帧组语法。第一首部编码器38和第二首部编码器40为将首部和视频数据流结合在一起的多路复用器42提供编码流和帧组首部。多路复用的视频数据流提供到分割器44以将数据流分割成可传输的数据包。可传输的数据包提供到广播装置46以广播其中的数据包48。
图4是详述由系统执行的编码操作的流程图。在步骤S400，为测定器提供视频数据流。代表提供的数据流的属性在测定器确定，如步骤S402所示。在步骤S404，编码器响应确定的流属性而编码流首部。使用标记语言如XML来执行步骤S404。在步骤S404中编码的流首部包括多个属性字段，其数量与从步骤S402确定的流属性的数量直接有关。从视频数据流进一步确定关于数据流内帧组的存在。如果不存在，那么本方法继续进行到下面将讨论的步骤S412。如果帧内有帧组，则在步骤S408，第二测定器确定与流内每个单独的帧组关联的属性。响应步骤S408中的确定，在步骤S410编码每个单独帧组的分段首部。与流首部类似，分段首部包括多个属性字段，其数量与从步骤S408确定的帧组属性的数量直接有关。在步骤S412，如图5和图6中将要讨论的，视频数据流与每个流首部和单独的分段首部结合，每个流首部和单独的分段首部被处理并被传输以使媒体播放器应用程序接收。在步骤S412合并期间，流首部在任何单独的帧组前插入，而每个分段首部在与之关联的相应的帧组前紧接着插入。
图5是接收多个数据包48的媒体播放器应用程序50的结构图。媒体播放器应用程序50包括接收器52、编译器、解析器54、第一解码器56、第二解码器58、标签表55和显示发生器60。接收器52接收由图3所示广播装置广播的数据包48的源。编译器53编译接收的数据包以形成包括多个帧的数据流。传输层在解码之前将流首部和每个单独的分段首部作为分离的帧来处理。解析器54解析接收的数据流并分析至少流首部和分段首部之一。此分析确定存在识别单独的流属性和帧组属性的标记标签。每个标签的值储存在标签表55中。标签表55中的值呈现给每个解码器56、58。解码器重新检查首部内的标签并审阅表中的条目以确定标签是否包含启动由解码器56、58执行的功能的指令。当确定了与至少一个数据流或流内单独帧组关联的属性时，启动第一解码器和第二解码器的任何一个以解码接收的数据流。为显示发生器60提供解码流以产生通过媒体播放器应用程序输出数据流的显示。显示发生器60也可以与解析器54通信，并响应与流首部或分段首部内分别的标记标签相关联的数据而操作。
图6是详述图5所示的媒体播放器应用程序的工作流程图。在步骤S600，媒体播放器应用程序通过接收器接收多个形成解码数据流的数据包。在步骤S602，解析数据流并分析每个流首部和单独的分段首部。在步骤S604，解析器确定识别全部数据流属性的任何标记标签的存在，并在步骤S606为任何单独组件提供关于数据流如何响应于存在的标记标签而被解码的指令。在步骤S608确定是否数据流包括任何帧组。如果不包括，则所述过程在下面讨论的步骤S614继续。如果数据流包括帧组，则解析器对分段首部作任何标记标签方面的分析，该标签代表与有关帧组相关联的帧组属性。为组件提供来自分段首部的指令以便利用在步骤S160中确定的标记标签来解码数据流的帧组。响应流和分别的帧组的解码，为显示发生器提供解码流以使用媒体播放器应用程序产生解码流的显示。
到流版本格式的升级是显而易见的且容易完成，因为不需要对多个媒体播放器应用程序的新的流解码参数的任何显著的配置。标记语言允许现有的媒体播放器解码新的流版本，因为媒体播放器应用程序仅仅分析和利用其熟悉的标记语言标签。因此，附加类型的数据如注释、同步媒体事件数据或任何其它属性可选择性地加到流语法中而不会使先前配置的组件无效。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于编码视频数据流的系统，所述系统包括：
第一测定器，其用于确定与全部的所述视频数据流关联的描述性质的属性；
编码器，其用于接收来自所述第一测定器的所述属性并编码识别包括所确定的属性的流语法的流首部，所述流首部是用标记语言编码的并且提供用于处理全部的所述视频数据流的指令；和
多路复用器，其用于通过将所编码的流首部嵌入全部的所编码的视频数据流来结合所编码的流首部和全部的所述视频数据流。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括第二测定器，所述第二测定器用于确定与所述数据流内的帧组关联的属性。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述编码器编码包括所确定的属性的分段首部，所述确定的属性识别所述数据流的每个帧组在标记语言中的帧组语法。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述标记语言为XML。
5.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述多路复用器在所述数据流的有效载荷之前放置所述编码的流首部，其中所述有效载荷包括所有的所述帧组。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统，其中，所述多路复用器在其各帧组之前定位所述数据流中的每个编码的分段首部。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，进一步包括分割器(44)，所述分割器用于将所述数据流分割成可传输的数据包。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述流首部包括多个字段，每个字段定义所述确定的流属性中各一个。
9.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，每个所述分段首部包括多个字段，每个字段定义所述确定的帧组属性中各一个。
10.一种用于解码编码的视频数据流的系统，所述系统包括：
编译器，其用于编译多个接收的数据包以形成包括多个帧的数据流；
解析器，其用于分析所述数据流和流首部以确定存在识别全部的接收的数据流和所述数据流的帧的描述性质的属性的标记标签，所述属性提供用于处理全部的所述数据流的指令；
解码器，其用于解码所述接收的数据流和标记标签；
显示发生器，其用于响应于全部的所述接收的数据流的识别的属性而产生所解码的视频数据流的显示。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述标记语言为XML。
12.一种编码视频数据流的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
确定与全部的所述视频数据流关联的描述性质的属性；
编码流首部，所述流首部基于所确定的流属性识别流语法并且包括所述确定的流属性，所述流首部用标记语言编码并且提供用于处理全部的所述视频数据流的指令；和
通过将所编码的流首部嵌入全部的所编码的视频数据流来结合所述编码的流首部和全部的所述视频数据流。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：
确定与所述数据流内每个帧组关联的属性；和
为每个单独的帧组编码分段首部，每个分段首部定义所述单独的帧组的帧组语法。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述标记语言为XML。
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