CN103994965A - Calculating method for rainfall erosion force - Google Patents
Calculating method for rainfall erosion force Download PDFInfo
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- CN103994965A CN103994965A CN201410007111.5A CN201410007111A CN103994965A CN 103994965 A CN103994965 A CN 103994965A CN 201410007111 A CN201410007111 A CN 201410007111A CN 103994965 A CN103994965 A CN 103994965A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a calculating method for rainfall erosion force. The calculating method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring the picture of the self-recording rainfall paper of a to-be-monitored siphon rainfall recorder and introducing the picture into a rainfall erosion force processing module; 2) carrying out coordinate setting and assignment on a rainfall curve in the picture; 3) judging breakpoint rainfall intensity of all the breakpoints on the rainfall curve in the self-recording rainfall paper of the siphon rainfall recorder by using a breakpoint tool module in the rainfall erosion force processing module and outputting rainfall process data and daily rainfall data; 4) acquiring data of a tipping-bucket rainfall recorder, carrying out conversion and outputting rainfall characteristic indexes and daily rainfall data; and 5) calculating rainfall erosion force according to a rainfall erosion force equation based on the above-mentioned data and outputting the rainfall erosion force. The calculating method for rainfall erosion force provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of a high automation degree and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meteorology and climate and soil erosion field, be specifically related to a kind of computing method of rainfall erosivity.
Background technology
The soil erosion is one of worldwide environmental problem, and not only destroyed land resource of serious soil erosion, causes the decline of fertility, and the silt corroding also may silt rivers up and cause flood damage, simultaneously polluted water, destruction water resource.Therefore, water and soil conservation person need to monitor and evaluate it, proposes Prevention and control measures, reduces the harm that the soil erosion causes social production and ecologic environment.The runoff of rainfall and generation thereof is the power factor of soil water erosion, and Chinese scholars causes runoff generation in rainfall, soil particle is separated and the water erosion evolution such as carrying, and large quantity research has been carried out in the aspect such as rainfall-erosion quantitative relationship.Based on these achievements in research, Wischmeier has proposed to express the quantitative target EI that rainfall causes soil erosion potential ability
30, and as one of important factor of soil erosion prediction model.This index due to concentrated expression the kinetic energy that has of rainfall raindrop hit the soil particle separating power that soil causes and the ability that produces runoff thereof, be worldwide used widely, Chinese scholar is also studied and is shown that this index is suitable in China.But due to EI
30index is calculated needs detailed breakpoint data, and water and soil conservation person usually faces two problems in practice process, makes EI
30the application of index is very limited.
At present, breakpoint data can obtain from two kinds of approach, and the first approach is from manually the taking passages from note rainfall paper of siphon rainfall recorder, but this process takes time and effort, and easily produces mistake; The second approach is to read from tipping-bucket rain-gauge, but these class data comprise different time yardstick, such as uniformly-spaced data of 1min, represents every data of 1min record, to also have 2min, 5min, 10min or longer time discrete data.The time interval of data recording is longer, and precision is lower, for calculating EI
30when index, need to change, otherwise can cause system deviation.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the computing method of the high and rainfall erosivity that accuracy is high of a kind of automaticity are provided.
The invention provides a kind of computing method of rainfall erosivity, its step is as follows:
1) obtain the rainfall of the note certainly paper of siphon rainfall recorder to be monitored, described rainfall paper is taken pictures or scanned to form corresponding picture, described picture is imported to rainfall erosivity processing module simultaneously;
2) by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting, coordinate is carried out to assignment simultaneously, wherein, the transverse axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to time shaft, and the longitudinal axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to rainfall axle;
3) by the breakpoint tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the all breakpoints on remembering rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve to described siphon rainfall recorder carry out the judgement of breakpoint raininess, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module by breakpoint data and the daily rainfall data of described rainfall curve outputting standard form, wherein, described breakpoint is the point changing from note rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve slope, is the point that raininess changes;
4) obtain the rainfall data of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, by described rainfall erosivity processing module, described rainfall data are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data of described tipping-bucket rain-gauge are exported to characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data;
5) according to the breakpoint data of above-mentioned output, characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data, and select corresponding data type, according to rainfall erosivity index R=EI
30calculate corresponding rainfall erosivity exports the result of described rainfall erosivity by output module simultaneously.
Further, described rainfall erosivity processing module also comprises MIM message input module, and described picture imports in described rainfall erosivity processing module by described MIM message input module.
Further, described data type comprises and is less than uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced data of data, 60min of data, 30min of data, 15min of data, 10min of data, 5min of 5min.
Further, described step 2) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting detailed step comprise:
A), by the coordinate tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, described coordinate transverse axis and the longitudinal axis are adjusted to certain length, and make rainfall paper time scale axle and coordinate transverse axis;
B) adjust and moving coordinate by described coordinate tool model, after zero rainfall line of its transverse axis and rainfall paper downside is coincide, select picture the locking and unlocking module, coordinate and picture locking completed to the coordinate setting of the rainfall curve in picture.
Further, described rainfall erosivity index R=EI
30described in E be the total kinetic energy of a rainfall, described I
30it is the maximum raininess of 30 minutes in a rainfall.
Further, described step 4) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data at described different time interval are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient and specifically comprise:
A) for being less than 5 minutes interval time, do not need to carry out transformation of correlation coefficient, directly calculate R=EI
30;
B) for being greater than 5 minutes interval time, first calculate corresponding period (E)
n, (I
30)
n(E)
n(I
30)
n, then obtain E, I by corresponding coefficients conversion
30and R, wherein, n=5min, 10min, 15min, 30min and 60min.
Further, the specifically basis of E in described rainfall erosivity index
e
r＝0.29[1-0.72exp(-0.082i
r)]
Calculate the total kinetic energy E (MJhm of a rainfall
-2), wherein, r=1,2 ..., n represents to be divided in a rainfall n period, P
rbe r period rainfall (mm), e
rthe unit rain kinetic energy (MJhm of each period
-2mm
-1), i
rr period raininess (mm/h
-1).
The advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect are:
1, manually read hydrocone type in the method for note rainfall amount paper traditional, utilize the processing power of rainfall erosivity processing module to reduce the workload of artificial interpretation; Simultaneously, also reduced the mistake that in rainfall rainfall material computation process, human factor may be brought, as long as correct to the interpretation of cumulative precipitation point of inflexion on a curve, described rainfall erosivity processing module is the process rainfall data of outputting standard text formatting automatically, easy to use;
2, the rain gage data based on tipping bucket type different time interval, by coefficients conversion, have improved the precision that rainfall erosivity calculates greatly;
3, aspect rainfall erosivity index calculating, complicated formula algorithm is arranged on to rainfall erosivity processing module inside, make the water and soil conservation monitoring personnel that do not possess relevant professional knowledge also can utilize easily water to protect the rainfall data of monitoring station, calculate the indices value of rainfall erosivity, for Soil Erosion Assessment and early warning provide foundation, thereby applicable wide popularization and application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic procedure schematic diagram of the computing method of the rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the hydrocone type pluviograph drawing importing in the computing method of rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the standard format breakpoint rainfall file that the computing method of the rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment obtain;
Fig. 4 is the daily rainfall data that the computing method of the rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment obtain;
Fig. 5 is the rainfall event data that the computing method of the rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment obtain;
Fig. 6 is the breakpoint data that the computing method of the rainfall erosivity of the present embodiment obtain.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with specific embodiment below with reference to accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6: the computing method of a kind of rainfall erosivity of the embodiment of the present invention, implementation step is as follows:
1) obtain the rainfall of the note certainly paper of siphon rainfall recorder to be monitored, as shown in Figure 2, described rainfall paper is taken pictures or scanned to form corresponding picture, described picture is imported to rainfall erosivity processing module simultaneously;
2) by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting, coordinate is carried out to assignment simultaneously, wherein, the transverse axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to time shaft, and the longitudinal axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to rainfall axle;
3) by the breakpoint tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the all breakpoints on remembering rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve to described siphon rainfall recorder carry out the judgement of breakpoint raininess, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module by breakpoint data and the daily rainfall data of described rainfall curve outputting standard form, wherein, described breakpoint is the point changing from note rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve slope, is the point that raininess changes;
4) obtain the rainfall data of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, by described rainfall erosivity processing module, described rainfall data are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data of described tipping-bucket rain-gauge are exported to characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data;
5) according to the breakpoint data of above-mentioned output, characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data, and select corresponding data type, according to rainfall erosivity index R=EI
30calculate corresponding rainfall erosivity exports the result of described rainfall erosivity by output module simultaneously.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described rainfall erosivity processing module also comprises MIM message input module, and described picture imports in described rainfall erosivity processing module by described MIM message input module.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described data type comprises and is less than uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced data of data, 60min of data, 30min of data, 15min of data, 10min of data, 5min of 5min.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described step 2) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting detailed step comprise:
A), by the coordinate tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, described coordinate transverse axis and the longitudinal axis are adjusted to certain length, and make rainfall paper time scale axle and coordinate transverse axis;
B) adjust and moving coordinate by described coordinate tool model, after zero rainfall line of its transverse axis and rainfall paper downside is coincide, select picture the locking and unlocking module, coordinate and picture locking completed to the coordinate setting of the rainfall curve in picture.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described R=EI
30described in E be the total kinetic energy of a rainfall, described I
30it is the maximum raininess of 30 minutes in a rainfall.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described step 4) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data at described different time interval are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient and specifically comprise:
A) for being less than 5 minutes interval time, do not need to carry out transformation of correlation coefficient, directly calculate R=EI
30;
B) for being greater than 5 minutes interval time, first calculate corresponding period (E)
n, (I
30)
n(E)
n(I
30)
n, then obtain E, I by corresponding coefficients conversion
30and R, wherein, n=5min, 10min, 15min, 30min and 60min.
As the preferred implementation of above-described embodiment, described rainfall erosivity index R=EI
iin specifically basis of E
e
r＝0.29[1-0.72exp(-0.082i
r)]
Calculate the total kinetic energy E (MJhm of a rainfall
-2), wherein, r=1,2 ..., n represents to be divided in a rainfall n period, P
rbe r period rainfall (mm), e
rthe unit rain kinetic energy (MJhm of each period
-2mm
-1), i
rr period raininess (mm/h
-1).
Principle of the invention process is as follows:
1. the division of daily rain amount and inferior rainfall
1) specify that this day morning 8, the quantum of rainfall between at 8 o'clock in the morning on the 2nd represented the rainfall amount of this day;
2) in regulation rainfall, when rainfall is intermittently greater than 360 minutes, be twice rainfall;
2. raininess calculates
I
5, I
10, I
15, I
30and I
60refer to the peak rainfall intensity in rainfall one time, unit is mm/h.For example I
10represent the maximum rainfall in 10 minutes in a rainfall, while always lasting less than 10 minutes as rainfall, also calculated according to 10 minutes; I in actual applications
5, I
10, I
15, I
30and I
60the breakpoint rainfall of generally taking passages by minute rainfall or rainfall paper calculates; For 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes discrete datas, need to be changed according to relevant coefficient by the maximum hourly precipitation intensity of its calculating;
3. rainfall event energy calculates
e
r＝0.29[1-0.72exp(-0.082i
r)]
Calculate the total kinetic energy E (MJhm of a rainfall
-2), wherein, r=1,2 ..., n represents to be divided in a rainfall n period, P
rbe r period rainfall (mm), e
rthe unit rain kinetic energy (MJhm of each period
-2mm
-1), i
rr period raininess (mm/h
-1).
4. time rainfall erosivity calculates
1) for the rainfall data that is less than 5 minutes intervals, inferior rainfall erosivity R
inferior:
R
inferior=EI
30
Wherein, be time rainfall erosivity (MJmmhm-2h-1) for R time; I
30it is maximum 30-min rainfall intensity (mmh-1) in a rainfall;
2) for the tipping bucket rainfall that is greater than more than 5 minutes interval, according to following calculating:
First calculate its I
30
(the I of 5 minutes data
30)
5for continuous 6 5-minute datas accumulation and maximal value divided by 0.5 hour, unit is mm/h;
(the I of 10 minutes data
30)
10for continuous 3 10 minute datas accumulations and maximal value divided by 0.5 hour, unit is mm/h;
(the I of 15 minutes data
30)
15for continuous 2 15 minute datas accumulations and maximal value divided by 0.5 hour, unit is mm/h;
(the I of 30 minutes data
30)
30for the maximal value of continuous 1 30 minute data with divided by 0.5 hour, unit is mm/h;
(the I of 60 minutes data
30)
60for the maximal value of continuous 1 60 minute data with divided by 1 hour, unit is mm/h;
Then the above-mentioned I30 calculating being multiplied by transformation ratio corrects:
I
30calculating:
The I of 5 minutes data
30=1.007* (I
30)
5;
The I of 10 minutes data
30=1.022* (I
30)
10;
The I of 15 minutes data
30=1.041* (I
30)
15;
The I of 30 minutes data
30=1.096* (I
30)
30;
The I of 60 minutes data
30=1.668* (I
30)
60;
The calculating of E:
The E=1.009* (E) of 5 minutes data
5;
The E=1.022* (E) of 10 minutes data
10;
The E=1.034* (E) of 15 minutes data
15;
The E=1.060* (E) of 30 minutes data
30;
The E=1.105* (E) of 60 minutes data
60;
EI
30calculating:
The EI of 5 minutes data
30=1.014* (E)
5(I
30)
5;
The EI of 10 minutes data
30=1.044* (E)
10(I
30)
10;
The EI of 15 minutes data
30=1.078* (E)
15(I
30)
15;
The EI of 30 minutes data
30=1.161* (E)
30(I
30)
30;
The EI of 60 minutes data
30=1.730* (E)
60(I
30)
60;
Finally it should be noted that: above-described each embodiment, only for technical scheme of the present invention is described, is not intended to limit; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record previous embodiment is modified, or to wherein partly or entirely technical characterictic be equal to replacement; And these amendments or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (7)
1. computing method for rainfall erosivity, is characterized in that, implementation step is as follows:
1) obtain the rainfall of the note certainly paper of siphon rainfall recorder to be monitored, described rainfall paper is taken pictures or scanned to form corresponding picture, described picture is imported to rainfall erosivity processing module simultaneously;
2) by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting, coordinate is carried out to assignment simultaneously, wherein, the transverse axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to time shaft, and the longitudinal axis of described rainfall curvilinear coordinates is set to rainfall axle;
3) by the breakpoint tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the all breakpoints on remembering rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve to described siphon rainfall recorder carry out the judgement of breakpoint raininess, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module by breakpoint data and the daily rainfall data of described rainfall curve outputting standard form, wherein, described breakpoint is the point changing from note rainfall paper moderate rain discharge curve slope, is the point that raininess changes;
4) obtain the rainfall data at the different time interval of tipping-bucket rain-gauge, by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data at described different time interval are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient, then by the output module in described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data of described tipping-bucket rain-gauge are exported to characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data;
5) according to the breakpoint data of above-mentioned output, characteristics of rainfall index and daily rainfall data, and select corresponding data type, according to rainfall erosivity index R=EI
30calculate corresponding rainfall erosivity exports the result of described rainfall erosivity by output module simultaneously.
2. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rainfall erosivity processing module also comprises MIM message input module, and described picture imports in described rainfall erosivity processing module by described MIM message input module.
3. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data type comprises and is less than uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced uniformly-spaced data of data, 60min of data, 30min of data, 15min of data, 10min of data, 5min of 5min.
4. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall curve in described picture is carried out to coordinate setting detailed step comprise:
A), by the coordinate tool model in described rainfall erosivity processing module, described coordinate transverse axis and the longitudinal axis are adjusted to certain length, and make rainfall paper time scale axle and coordinate transverse axis;
B) adjust and moving coordinate by described coordinate tool model, after zero rainfall line of its transverse axis and rainfall paper downside is coincide, select picture the locking and unlocking module, coordinate and picture locking completed to the coordinate setting of the rainfall curve in picture.
5. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rainfall erosivity index is R=EI
30described in E be the total kinetic energy of a rainfall, described I
30it is the maximum raininess of 30 minutes in a rainfall.
6. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 4) in by described rainfall erosivity processing module, the rainfall data at described different time interval are carried out to transformation of correlation coefficient and specifically comprise:
A) for being less than 5 minutes interval time, do not need to carry out transformation of correlation coefficient, directly calculate R=EI
30;
B) for being greater than 5 minutes interval time, first calculate corresponding period (E)
n, (I
30)
n(E)
n(I
30)
n, then obtain E, I by corresponding coefficients conversion
30and R, wherein, n=5min, 10min, 15min, 30min and 60min.
7. the computing method of rainfall erosivity according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described rainfall erosivity index R=EI
30in specifically basis of E
e
r＝0.29[1-0.72exp(-0.082i
r)]
Calculate the total kinetic energy E (MJ.hm of a rainfall
-2), wherein, r=1,2 ..., n represents to be divided in a rainfall n period, P
rbe r period rainfall (mm), e
rthe unit rain kinetic energy (MJhm of each period
-2mm
-1), i
rr period raininess (mm/h
-1).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2633790C1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-10-18 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева" (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева) | Method for estimating rain erosion danger |
| CN108896735A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of rainfall erosivity factor improved method and system calculated towards the soil erosion |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108896735A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of rainfall erosivity factor improved method and system calculated towards the soil erosion |
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|---|---|
| CN103994965B (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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