CN1039163A - 具有全国范围内的移动能力的中继式通讯系统 - Google Patents
具有全国范围内的移动能力的中继式通讯系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
选中的地区性中继系统上配备与电话的互连设备及与一台全国性中枢计算机进行通讯的本地计算机。在每个选中的中继系统中,有几个ID被作为“移动ID”保留起来,用于临时赋予移动中的用户。用户判定它已进入一个新中继系统中时,它提出一个移动ID。移动ID赋予并发送至用户后,用户便用它的移动ID在新的中继系统中工作。移动赋予还送至全国中枢计算机以便正确进行互连通话。移动用户将一直在被赋予的移动ID下工作,直至它越出当前系统的范围进入另一个系统为止。
Description
总的来说,本发明涉及中继式通讯系统,更具体地来说,是涉及一种使用户能从一个系统移动至另一个系统的中继式通讯系统,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种具有全国范围内的移动能力的中继式通讯系统。
中继式通讯系统是已知技术。在典型的中继式系统中,一个中心控制站为大量用户指定数量有限的通讯讯道。一般情况下,上面所说的用户可以是一个移动式单元,一个便携式单元或一个控制站。这里所说的移动式单元是指设计成可装在车辆中的中继式用户单元,便携式单元是指设计成由个人携带的那种中继式用户单元,而控制站是指那些设计成永久地或半永久式装在建筑物中或其个固定场所的中继用户单元。
有个用户都有一个识别(ID)码,这个识别码和其它一些信息一起,构成了一个发向中央控制站的一个呼叫请求,这就说明用户希望进入一条通讯讯道。一般情况,为了便于通讯,这个呼叫请求以纠错编码或其它的编码方式进行编码,以形成入网通讯字(ISW)(inbound signalling word)。用户ISW在一条选定的通讯讯道上送至中央控制站,上面的这条讯道一般被称为控制讯道。总的说来,用作控制讯道的具体讯道作为一种控制措施是周期性地变化的。
不进行通话时,每个用户都监测着控制讯道。当中央站收到来自一个要求(呼叫)用户的呼叫请求ISW时,如有空余讯道能使用,它就传回一个讯道允许出站通讯字(OSW)。收到讯道允许OSW以后,呼叫用户和被呼叫用户都将离开控制讯道,移至指定的通讯讯道上进行通话。如果所有的讯道都处在使用状态时,中央控制站将送回一个“忙碌”OSW,用户必须等待,一直至有讯道空出来为止。
除了进行用户一至一用户间的通话以外,我们都知道,中继式通讯系统还能与普通的电话系统实行互连。一般说来,中央控制站应被编程成这样,即能识别出用户的ID所指定的这种互连服务。这样,一个中继用户能接收和呼叫“地线(land line)”用户。
中继系统的通讯范围取决于发射机的功率及其它一些因素,一般为20哩(这样,系统的直径可达40哩)。显然,移式式和便携式用户可在上面这个范围随意移动。如果用户越出中继系统的这个范围以外,那么,用户可能“失去”(即接收不到)控制讯道。在这样的情况下,要进行通讯是不可能的。
很显然,现有的中继式通讯系统预先假定:系统范围内的移动便能完全满足用户的要求。一般来说,这种假定只有当用户在本地区内(即家与办公室之间、以一个本地顾客至下一本地顾客之间)移动时才是成立的。但是,阻碍系统间的移动固有地限制了和不能满足其它几类用户的需求。这些用户包括(并不是只限于这些):全州范围内、多州内或地区性的销售、服务或执法机构,中距离或远距离的中继式或载波公司。实际上,概括起来说,任何经常需要走出本地的中继系统的通讯距离的用户都能从系统间的移动所受益。
因此,本发明的目的是提出一种经改进的中继式通讯系统。
本发明的另一目的是提出一种用户的系统间走动。
本发明还有一个目的是提出一种中继式用户的全国范围内的走动。
本发明的另一个目的是提供走动中的用户的位置信息。
本发明还有一个目的是自动地把呼叫与走动中的用户实现互连,而不管该用户当前工作在哪一个中继系统内。
简要地说来,根据本发明,选定的地区性中继系统装有电话互连能力,并配备有本地计算机,该计算机与一台全国性的中枢计算机进行通讯。选择一些中继系统,使得每个地区内被选中的那些系统构成一个通讯网络,最好是全国范围内的。在每个被选中的中继系统中,有几个ID被作为“走动ID”保留起来,用于临时赋予走动中的用户。当一个用户判定它已进入一个新的中继系统时,它就要求一个移动ID。一个移动ID将赋给并发送至用户,从此以后用户将使用移动ID在新的中继式系统中工作。这个移动指定将被发送至全国中枢计算机,从而正确地进行互连通话。移动中的用户将在指定的移动ID上工作下去,一直到定走出当前系统的通讯范围又进入另一个中继系统为止。这样,用户可在系统至系统间走动。
图1.是支持移动的网络式中继通讯系统的方框图。
图2.是一个移动中的用户要获得一个走动ID时所执行的步骤的方框图。
图3.是图1中的每个本地计算机所执行的步骤的流程图。
图4.是图1中的中枢计算机所执行的步骤的流程图。
图5.是表示本发明的呼叫路径的流程图。
现在来参照图1,三个中继式通讯系统(A、B和C)与中央中枢计算机(110)相连。每个中继系统(A、B和C)中最好包括一个中央控制站(102a-c),再在大量的用户单元之间配置几个转发器(104a-c)。每个中央控制站还与一台本地计算机(106a-c)相连,这些本地计算机执行几个管理功能,例如(并不限于此):调拨并指定走动ID,向中枢计算机(110)要求状态信态和将状态信息发送至中枢计算机(110),对走动中的用户实现动态重编程,使它们能工作在任何系统中。中央控制站(102a-c)最好还与本地的普通电话交换网络(PSTN)(108a-c)相连,使得用户能与地线用户之间能建立呼叫。
每台本地计算机(106a-c)与中央中枢计算机(110)相连,该中枢计算器(110)将作为整个网络系统(100)的中央数据收集和信息检查点。在本发明的最佳实施例中,预见到整个美国大陆只用一台中枢计算机。本地计算机(106a-c)与中枢计算机(110)的连接可以通过任何合适的介质来进行,如可租用的电信线、微波线线或其它合适的数据通讯讯道。另外,如果有合适的带宽和传输时间的话,本地计算机(106a-c)还能通过普通的电话交换网络(108a-d)与中枢计算机实现通讯。
一个本地中继通讯系统(A、B或C)中存贮有每一个工作在该系统内的用户单元的单元识别(ID)码和它的“家乡”系统的ID码。当用户单元(112)停留和工作其“家乡”系统中时,用户把它的单元ID码作为一个呼叫请求发送至“家乡”中央控制站(即102a或102b或102c)就可要求或接收通讯讯道。只要用户单元一直能收到其“家乡”系统的控制讯道,它就能一直其家乡系统中工作。
当一个用户移动至一个本地通讯系统的通讯范围的边缘时,由于控制讯道的信息变弱,用户将发生OSW编码差错。在一合适的临界点上,用户单元将判定,差错已大至不能再正确地接受它的“家乡”控制讯道。
为继续进行通讯(即移动中的通讯),用户112′即开始为寻找新的控制讯道而扫描可用的讯道。典型情况下,由于中央控制站(102a-c)所发送的出站通讯字(OSW)的连续的传输特性,用户单元很容易地找到一个控制讯道。找到新的控制讯道之后,用户单元将等待一般时间以判别新找到控制讯道是否支持移动。任何城区或地区内最好只有一个中继系统被选为移动式网络(100)的一部分。这个限定是必要的,因为一个城市区域中可能会有几个中继式系统(如商用的或个人的)。根据本发明,支持移动的中继式中央控制站会周期地发送出交插在出站通讯字中的移动支持信息。收到移动支持码字以后,移动中的用户(112′)将通过发送出一个移动请求码的方式试图在系统中“登记”为一个移动中的用户。
收到移动请出码之后,中央控制站将与其本地计算机联系以判断是否有空余的移动ID。根据本发明,中继式通讯系统中的可用ID码的一个子集将被作为移动式ID保留起来。在任何具体的实例中,这个ID码子集可以是固定的,其多少也可以根据中继系统的具体载荷情况进行动态变化。假如有空余移动ID时,本地计算机将在用户单元ID。家乡系统ID和将指定给用户的移动ID之间建立起相互参照(cross reference)。这个移动ID将被传回用户,此后用户将使用这个移动ID在新系统中工作。移动中的用户的家乡系统ID和单元ID将被送至中枢计算机(110)以维持住一个移动中的用户工作的系统的记录。这样,记帐(billing)信息能正确地送至移动中的用户。此外,一个中央信息库也将自动生成,这样,本地系统中的调变度也许会向中枢计算机(110)询问它的用户登记(工作)在哪个系统中。
假定现在一个用户(112)(它的“家乡”系统是A系统)移动进入B系统,用户(112′)将向B系统的中央控制站发送它的移动请求以试图登记为移动用户。如果成功的话,中枢计算机(110)即被刷新及映出用户(112′)现正工作在B系统中。如果A系统的调度员想与用户(112′)取得联系,他可以通过PSTN向中枢计算机(110)询问(也可以向家乡系统的中央控制站和本地计算机发出询问)。这样,调度员就能判定用户(112′)正工作(登记)在哪个系统中,并能接收到该系统的中央控制站(102b)的电话号码以用来实现电话互连呼叫。这样,一个在威斯康星州Milwaukee的调度员可以得到这样的通知:他的用户还工作在芝加哥中继系统中;和芝加哥中继中央控制站通过电话以后,他就可以和用户建立联系。这样,调度员可以使用公共交换电话网络作为一种长途载体与用户进行通讯,也可以借助用户(112′)进入的那个中继式通讯系统的无线通讯与用户进行通讯。
如果用户(112′)现在进入C系统中,那么将重复登记过程,中枢计算机(110)将被通知:用户已进入C系统。存贮上述
并作相互参考之后,中枢计算机(110)将判定:移动中的用户已不再需要B系统中的移动ID。因此,中枢计算机(110)随即与本地计算机(106b)联系并告诉它用户的移动ID不再需要这样,移动ID可重新赋给其它移动用户使用。
现在参照图2,图中示出了一个移动用户在一个新的中继系统中登记时所执行的步骤的流程图。在判断200中,用户判断它能否收到控制讯道。只要用户的判断是它能收到控制讯道,它就会工作在该系统中而不管它是家乡系统还是移动系统。当用户判定它不再收到控制讯道时,程序进到第202步,在这一步,用户扫描控制讯道。用户可以以任何合适的方法扫描控制讯道,包括扫描每一条可用的讯道、扫描控制讯道频率的一个识别子集,或者,可以以用户可能进入每一邻近系统中的控制讯道的移动支持系统所发送的移动支持码中的附加信息的方式通知用户。这样,在找到正确的控制讯道之前只需扫描较少数量的讯道。
判别204中判断用户是否已找到控制讯道,若是没有,即继续扫描直至找到控制信道;此后,程序进至判断206以判断中央控制站是否中央控制站是否发送支持移动控制讯道。如上所述,这是通过对一个可能包括附加信息(如所有支持移动的毗邻系统的控制讯道的频率,该中央控制器所支持的其它附加特征,所使用的正确连接的音调及其它合适的控制或状态信息。移动支持码字最好由中央控制站周期地发送,这样,等待一定的时间之后用户便可判定不支持移动的控制讯道。在这种情况下,程序进行至参考字母B,继续进行第202步中的扫描。
当找到支持移动的控制讯道时,程序进至第208步,即请求中的用户发送出它的ID及家乡系统ID以请求一个移动ID。如果由空余的移动ID存在,本地计算机将进行相互参照,并把这个新的移动ID送至用户(第210步)。以后,用户单元在第212步存贮移动ID并使用这个ID在新系统中进行所有的信息交换活动。
现在参照图3。图中示出了本地计算机(106a-c)所执行的步骤。在判断300中,本地计算机判断是否收到移动ID请求。如果是,程序进至第302步,本地计算机指定移动ID并把它与用户的单元ID和家乡系统ID作相互参考。在第304步,本地计算机(通过中央控制器)把移动ID发送给移动中的用户,此后,本地计算机向中枢计算机发送用户ID及本地计算机的系统ID(第306步)。然后程序回到参考字母C。如果本地计算机没收到移动ID请求,判断308将判断是否从(110)收到一个移动ID设定撤销指令。这在用户又进入另一个系统时是经常发生的。中枢计算机(110)决定用户在前一系统中所使用的移动ID可重新赋给另一用户或者赋给移动ID库(子集)。因此,在第310步,本地计算机把该移动ID送回空余ID库,控制回到参考字母C。
在判断312中,判断本地计算机是否从中枢计算机(110)中需要得到状态信道。如果是,本地计算机向中枢计算机发出一个状态请求和用户单元ID(第314步)。中枢把用户的单元ID与它的移动ID进行相互比较,判别用户目前工作在其中的中继系统的系统ID,并把状态信息送至本地计算机(第316步U。从这以后,程序进到参考字母C。
判断332判定中央控制站是否已为互连通话而对一个移动ID进行相互比较。通常这是在一个地线用户通过PSTN呼叫一个中央控制站时才发生上述情况。这样,中央控制站向它的本地计算机发出请求以对用户的单元ID及它的移动ID进行相互比较,以便于中央控制站建立起电话互连呼叫。这样,在第334步,本地计算机收到这个相互比较请求并从中央控制站收到用户单元ID。在第336步,本地计算机对用户的单元ID进行相互参考以决定它的移动ID。在第338步中移动ID被送回中央控制站,这样,中央控制站可以在控制讯道上与用户接触从而建立起电话互连呼叫。本地计算机进行移动管理和指定功能,从而使中央控制器与进行的正常的呼叫处理和指定功能相比没有明显过载即可获得本发明所提供的经改进的能力。
现在参照图4,图中示出了中枢计算机(110)所执行的步骤。在第400步,中枢计算机判定它是否已收到一个移动ID设定刷新信号;如果是,判断402判定用户单元ID是否以前曾被赋予移动ID;如果是,中枢计算机可以判定,用户已离开一个移动系统并已进入另一个系统。在这样的情况下,中枢计算机在第404步向前一中继系统发送一个设定撤销数据包,从而使得移动ID可以重新赋给另一个移动用户。如果该用户以前并没有被赋予一个移动ID,判断402使控制回到参考字母D。
判断406判定中枢计算机是否从PSTN网络或从本地计算机收到状态请求。一般情况下,状态信息包括一个由地线用户发出的有关某一具体用户正工作在其中的当前系统的请求。这样,状态请求码字通常包含用户单元的单元ID。接着中枢计算机对用户的单元ID进行交叉参照,并向请求用户送回系统ID及该系统的中央控制站的电话号码。如果判断406中的判定是已收到状态请求,第408步将形成适当的状态信息,并向请求用户(地线或本地计算机)送出这些信息,此后,控制返回至参考字母“D”。
现在来看图5,图中示出了本发明的呼叫路径的概念。假定,一个地线用户要呼叫一个移动中的用户单元(第500步),程序进至第502步,地线用户通过PSTN访问中枢计算机,要求了解用户的位置(即用户目前所在系统的系统ID及中央控制站的电话号码。第504步,地线用户从中枢计算机收到用户的位置(移式系统ID)及中央控制站的电话号码。然后,地线用户可以通过PSTN访问与用户工作中的中央控制站(第506步)。在第510步中,当与用户工作的中央控制站与用户建立起互连之后,通话即可开始。接下来,地线用户向中央控制器发出一个电话互连通话请求(第508步)。
建立互连通话的另一种方法是地线用户通过PSTN访问中枢计算机(110),并发出一个电话互连呼叫请求(第512步),该请求一般包括用户单元ID。在第514步,当中枢计算机与本地计算机联系并建立起通话(见第412-418步)之后,通话即可开始。在这一实施例中,中枢计算机(110)响应于所有的互连和呼叫的转换。虽然最好把这个功能集中起来,但是对一个全国性的系统而言转换和处理要求极其繁杂,因此,想在一个地方进行转换是不现实的。基于这个原因,最好采用第502~510步中所述的那种互连呼叫。
在这二个实施例的每一个中,地线用户为与一个移动用户联系只需与一个中心地点取得联系得到信息;因此,要得到比方说移动用户的当前系统的状态信息只需记忆、存贮以及拨一个电话号码。本发明可提供基本的车辆位置特征。为与移动用户进行实际的声音或数据通讯,必须通过PSTN维持一条长距离链路。为在地线用户和移动用户之间提供交换在地区内是无线通讯信道实现互连的。
Claims (12)
1、一种使一个用户单元从第一中继通讯系统移动入第二中继通讯系统中的方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)判定与上述的第一中继式通讯系统的通信是否已失去,
(b)向上述的第二中继式通讯系统要求一个识别码,
(c)此后,在上述识别码下工作在上述的第二中继式通讯系统中,直至与上述的第二中继式通讯系统的联系丢失。
2、权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的判定与上述的第一中继式通讯系统的联系是否已失去这一步骤包括判断是否由于不可接受的高差错率而使得从一个特定通讯讯道接收一个信息信号不切实际。
3、权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的向上述第二中继式通讯系统请求一个识别码的步骤包括下列步骤:
(b1)扫描一条控制讯道,
(b2)在上述信道上为上述的识别码发出请求,
(b3)从上述的第二中继式系统收到上述的识别码,
(b4)存贮上述的识别码。
4、权利要求1所述的方法,其中向上述的第二中继式通讯系统要求一个识别码的步骤包括下列步骤:
(b1)扫描一条控制讯道,
(b2)从上述的控制讯道上收到一个预定的编码字,
(b3)在上述的控制讯道为上述的识别码发出一个请求,
(b4)从上述的第二中继式系统接收上述的识别码,
(b5)存贮上述的识别码。
5、一种建立和安排成能支持从一个系统至另一系统移动的用户单元的中继式通讯系统网络,包括:
·一台与至少二个中继式通式系统进行通讯的中心计算机,
·上述的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的每一个包括:
·大量中继转发器,
·用于在大量用户单元中配备上述的大量转发器、以及在上述的大量转发器的选定的一个上与上述的大量用户单元的至少一部分进行信息通讯的中央控制装置,该装置还包括在上述的大量转发器中选定的一个上发送预定码字的装置,
·用于与上述的中心计算机进行通讯并把识别码分配给移动用户单元的装置,
·用于与一个电话网络进行接口的装置,
在上述的大量用户单元中,至少一部分用户单元具有:
·在上述的大量转发器中上述的选定的那个上,与上述的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的每一个的上述中央控制装置进行通讯而不管上述的至少二个中继式通讯系统的中央控制装置中的每一个所使用的上述的大量中继式转发器中选定的那个转发器是否具有不同的通讯频率的装置,
判定与上述的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的一个的上述的中央控制装置的通信是否可能的装置,
·从一个中央控制装置向上述的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的另一个要求识别码的装置。
6、在一种建立和安排成能支持从一个系统向另一个系统移动的用户并有一台中心计算机与至少两个中继式通讯系统进行通讯的中继式通讯系统网络中,所述的至少两个中继式通讯系统中的每一个具有:
·大量的中继转发器,
·用于在大量用户单元中配备上述的大量转发器、以及在上述的大量转发器中选定的一个上与上述的大量用户单元的至少一部分进行信息通讯的中央控制装置,该装置还包括在上述的大量转发器中选定的一个上发送预定码字的装置,
·用于与上述中心计算机进行通讯并为移动用户单元指定识别码的装置,以及
·用于与电话网络进行接口的装置,
一种用于与工作在所述的至少二个中继式通讯系统中任何一个中的用户单元建立互连通话的方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)与上述的中心计算机取起联系,
(b)向上述的中心计算机发送至少一个用户单元的单元识别,
(c)接受一个表示与具有上述的单元识别码的用户单元工作在其中的特定中继系统相连的公共电话号码的信息信号,
(d)通过电话网络访问上述的特定中继式通讯系统,
(e)向上述的特定中继通讯系统发送上述用户单元的单元识别码,
(f)在上述的特定中继式通讯系统确定指定给上述的单元识别码及建立起一条无线通讯讯道以后与用户单元进行通讯。
7、一个建立和安排成能支持从系统至系统的用户单元移动、并配置一台与至少二个中继式通讯系统进行通讯的中心计算机的中继式通讯系统网络,其中的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的每一个包括:
·大量的中继转发器,
·用于在大量的用户单元中配置上述的大量的中继转发器、以及在上述的大量中继转发器中选定的一个上与至少一些用户单元进行信息通讯的中央控制装置,该装置还包括用于在上述的大量中继转发器中上述选定的那个上传送一个表示移动用户单元可以与某个中央控制装置进行通行从而可以工作在与上述那个中央控制单元相联系的那个中继式中继系统中了的,
·用与与上述中心计算机进行通讯、把指定码赋予移动中的用户单元的装置,与一个电话网络进行接口的装置。
8、一个建立和安排成能支持以系统至系统的用户单元移动、并配置一台与至少二个中继式通讯系统进行通动的中心计算机的中继式通讯系统网络,其中的至少二个中继式通讯系统中的每一个具有:
·大量的转发器,
·用于在大量的用户单元中配置上述的大量转发器、以及用于在上述的大量中继转发器中选定的一个上与至少一些上述的用户单元进行通讯的中央控制装置,
·用于与上述的中央计算机进行通讯、并为移动中的用户单元指定识别码的装置,
·用于与电话网络进行接口的装置,
9、支持移动中的用户单元的通讯方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)在上述的上述转发器中选定的一个上向送一个预定的码,该码可以用来识别移动支持能力,
(b)从一个用户单元接收一个移动请求码,
(c)给上述的用户单元指定一个移动识别码,
(d)向上述的用户单元发送上述的移动识别码。
10、如权利要求9所述的方法,包括下列步骤:(a1),发送一个和上述的预定的码一起的信息信号。
11、如权利要求9所述的方法,包括下列步骤:(a1)发送一个表示支持移动的任何毗邻中继通讯系统所使用的控制通讯道的频率的信息信号。
12、如权利要求9所述的方法,包括下列步骤:(a1)发送一个表示用于与上述的中继通讯系统进行通讯的连接音调频率的信息信号。
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1988
- 1988-01-27 US US07/149,245 patent/US4833701A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-15 CA CA000585990A patent/CA1282462C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-30 AT AT89901513T patent/ATE135872T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-30 JP JP1501498A patent/JP2757515B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-30 EP EP89901513A patent/EP0398911B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-30 BR BR888807880A patent/BR8807880A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-30 KR KR1019890701765A patent/KR930000798B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-12-30 AU AU29335/89A patent/AU618068B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-12-30 WO PCT/US1988/004712 patent/WO1989007380A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-12-30 DE DE3855136T patent/DE3855136T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-01-27 CN CN89100461A patent/CN1012551B/zh not_active Expired
-
1997
- 1997-12-01 HK HK97102296A patent/HK1000758A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1081880C (zh) * | 1994-06-30 | 2002-03-27 | 卡西欧计算机公司 | 带有多个识别码的无线电通信装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3855136D1 (de) | 1996-04-25 |
JP2757515B2 (ja) | 1998-05-25 |
BR8807880A (pt) | 1990-09-25 |
CN1012551B (zh) | 1991-05-01 |
KR900701140A (ko) | 1990-08-17 |
ATE135872T1 (de) | 1996-04-15 |
EP0398911A1 (en) | 1990-11-28 |
DE3855136T2 (de) | 1996-10-02 |
WO1989007380A1 (en) | 1989-08-10 |
EP0398911A4 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
CA1282462C (en) | 1991-04-02 |
AU618068B2 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
EP0398911B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
JPH03503346A (ja) | 1991-07-25 |
AU2933589A (en) | 1989-08-25 |
US4833701A (en) | 1989-05-23 |
KR930000798B1 (ko) | 1993-02-04 |
HK1000758A1 (en) | 1998-04-24 |
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