CN103900733A - Method for measuring temperature field distribution inside battery - Google Patents
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- CN103900733A CN103900733A CN201410076625.6A CN201410076625A CN103900733A CN 103900733 A CN103900733 A CN 103900733A CN 201410076625 A CN201410076625 A CN 201410076625A CN 103900733 A CN103900733 A CN 103900733A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring temperature field distribution inside a battery. The method includes the following steps that the battery is provided, wherein the battery comprises at least two battery cells arranged in a stacked mode; a plane to be analyzed is defined between at least two adjacent battery cells; at least three temperature sensors are arranged on the plane to be analyzed; a battery prick test is carried out on the symmetry center point of the plane to be analyzed, and the real-time temperature of the temperature sensors in the test process is recorded; circular isotherm hypothesis is carried out according to the real-time temperature; the temperature field on the plane to be analyzed is rebuilt based on the circular isotherm hypothesis, and then the temperature field distribution inside the battery is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of batteries, relate to a kind of measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution.
Background technology
Under the dual-pressure of energy crisis and environmental pollution, automobile dynamic system motorized becomes one of important symbol of development of automobile.Current, the new forms of energy car electrokinetic cell system lithium-ion-power cells with higher energy density that adopt more.But accidental security incident is under suspicion lithium-ion power battery system.
At present, electrokinetic cell security test standard mainly contains QC/T743, IEC62133, SAEJ2464 etc.Security test standard has comprised the condition that all kinds of possible electrokinetic cell thermal runaways trigger, and puts as overcharged/cross, and external short circuit, falls, hot case heating, extruding, sea water immersion, temperature shock, the testing experiments such as acupuncture.In lancing test, use and specify the draw point of specification to penetrate tested battery with certain speed, in test process, battery can not on fire, blast.The physical process that acupuncture course is corresponding generally refers to, pricker penetrates battery with certain speed, causes short circuit between battery plus-negative plate, and the electric energy of battery and chemical energy are converted into heat energy, and concentrates with hot form the process discharging.The research of pin prick test mechanism contributes to optimize in material, structure aspects the design of battery, improves the security performance of electrokinetic cell.
But current lancing test can only obtain the temperature of battery surface, and the temperature field that is difficult to obtain inside battery distributes.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the necessary measuring method that a kind of internal temperature of battery field distribution is provided.
The invention provides a kind of measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution, it comprises the following steps: a battery is provided, this battery comprises the cell of at least two stacked settings, at least between two adjacent cells, define a plane to be analyzed, in described plane to be analyzed, arrange at least three temperature sensors; Symcenter point with described plane to be analyzed carries out battery impact testing, at least three temperature sensors real time temperature in test process described in record; Carry out circular form isotherm hypothesis according to described real time temperature; And based on described circular form isotherm hypothesis, rebuild for the temperature field in described plane to be analyzed, thereby obtain internal temperature of battery field distribution.
The measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution provided by the invention, combine heat transfer theory analysis, by arranging specific temperature sensor, internal temperature of battery field distribution situation over time in acupuncture course can be obtained, and then the dynamic process that inside battery thermal runaway is propagated towards periphery from acupuncture points can be showed clear and intuitively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the arrangement of temperature sensor in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that under Condition of Acupuncture, the battery all directions thermal resistance order of magnitude is analyzed schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the temperature field subregion schematic diagram based under circular Temperature Distribution hypothesis.
Fig. 5 is the computing method schematic diagram of region III inward flange point temperature in reconstruction of temperature field process.
Fig. 6 is the computing method schematic diagram of III interior each point temperature in region in reconstruction of temperature field process.
Fig. 7 is the result in the reconstruction of temperature field of 6s, 7s, 8s, 10s, 12s, 20s in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the result in the reconstruction of temperature field of 50s, 100s, 300s, 2000s in the embodiment of the present invention.
Main element symbol description
Following embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution, and it comprises the following steps:
S1 a: battery is provided, and this battery comprises the cell of at least two stacked settings at least defines a plane to be analyzed between two adjacent cells, arranges at least three temperature sensors in described plane to be analyzed;
S2: the symcenter point with described plane to be analyzed carries out battery impact testing, at least three temperature sensors real time temperature in test process described in record;
S3: carry out circular form isotherm hypothesis according to described real time temperature; And
S4: based on described circular form isotherm hypothesis, rebuild for the temperature field in described plane to be analyzed, thereby obtain internal temperature of battery field distribution.
In step S1, described battery 10 is preferably a lithium-ion-power cell, and it comprises a shell 1, a top cover 2 and a kernel 3.Described kernel 3 is formed by the stacked setting of at least two joint cells 4.Described at least two joint cells 4 can parallel with one another or series connection.In the present embodiment, described kernel 3 is formed by the stacked setting of two joint cells 4, and described two joint cells 4 are parallel with one another.Shape and the size of described cell 4 are not limit.In the present embodiment, described two joint cells 4 are long L, wide H and are respectively the rectangular parallelepiped cell of 150mm, 90mm.Positive electrode and the negative material of described cell 4 are not limit.In the present embodiment, the positive electrode of described lithium-ion-power cell may be selected to be the trielement composite material of cobalt acid lithium, lithium nickelate and LiMn2O4, and negative material may be selected to be graphite.
Described plane to be analyzed can be multiple, and described plane to be analyzed is two planes that the gap between adjacent cell forms.Further, the outside surface of the battery along described cell stacked direction can be defined as to reference analysis plane.See also Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the central plane B that gap between described two joint cells 4 is formed is defined as plane to be analyzed, and a battery outside surface A relative with described central plane B and another joint cell 4 battery outside surface C relative with described central plane B are defined as to reference analysis plane.
Described temperature sensor 5 can paste in described plane to be analyzed and reference analysis plane by tackifier, also can be fixed in described plane to be analyzed and reference analysis plane by buckle, bolt etc.The quantity that described temperature sensor 5 arranges in each plane to be analyzed and reference analysis plane is all more than or equal to 3.
Take the symcenter point of described plane to be analyzed as initial point, in described plane to be analyzed, set up angle coordinate system (X, Y) always.Preferably, described temperature sensor 5 all at least arranges 2 temperature sensors 5 in the X-axis of described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y) and Y-axis.In the present embodiment, described temperature sensor 5 is arranged on the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y), in X-axis and Y-axis, at described central plane B, outside surface A, outside surface C, 18 temperature sensors 5 is set altogether.The set-up mode that is appreciated that described temperature sensor 5 is not limited in the present embodiment, and described temperature sensor also can be arranged in plane to be analyzed the initial point except described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y), other positions outside in X-axis and Y-axis.
In step S2, described pin prick test can be tested according to the testing standard such as QC/T743-2006, IEC60086-4:2000, and described needle diameter is preferably 5～8mm, and puncture speed is preferably 10～30mm/s.In the present embodiment, according to QC/T743-2006 testing standard, described lithium-ion-power cell is carried out to pin prick test, wherein, needle diameter is 8mm, and puncture speed is 10mm/s.
In step S3, in acupuncture course, thermal source concentrates on the symcenter of described cell 4, and its temperature field distribution meets centrosymmetric characteristic.Refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is in pin prick test process, the path of central plane B calorie spread.Suppose that along the heat flow density of the calorie spread of any direction r be q
r.According to heat conduction law, meet for the heat flow density of outwards propagating along any direction r: q
r=Δ T/R
r, and internal temperature of battery T
0with environment temperature T
∞difference Δ T meet: Δ T=T
0-T
∞, total thermal conduction resistance R
rmeet: R
r=R
b+ R
a+ R
s+ R
h, wherein, R
bbattery kernel thermal conduction resistance, R
afor battery kernel and housing air gap thermal conduction resistance, R
sfor battery container thermal conduction resistance, R
hfor battery and environment convection heat transfer thermal resistance.
Refer to table 1, table 1 is for to utilize empirical parameter conventional in battery analysis of Heat Transfer, to described R
b, R
a, R
s, R
hcarry out the result of order of magnitude analysis.Can find the total thermal conduction resistance R of battery by table 1
rmajor influence factors be the convection heat transfer thermal resistance R of shell
hand the thermal conduction resistance R of air gap between battery kernel and housing
a.R
band R
snegligible, so although the difference of heat conduction direction makes hot-fluid at the thermally conductive pathways of central plane B from 0.045 ~ 0.085m not etc., for the entire thermal resistance R of heat conduction
rimpact is little.Can draw on central plane B, with acupuncture points temperature T
0for benchmark, along the heat flow density q on different directions
rroughly equal, composite type q=Δ T/R and Δ T=T
0-T
∞, with acupuncture points temperature T
0for benchmark, can show that battery isotherm is shaped as the circular form isotherm hypothesis of circular arc, the central point of this circular form isotherm is the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y).
Table 1
| ? | R b | R a | R s | R h |
| Expression formula | =δ / λ | =1/h | ? | ? |
| Heat conduction is apart from δ/m | 0.045~0.075 | 0.002 | 0.001 | ? |
| Thermal conductivity λ/(W m -1?K -1) | ~10 | ~0.02(100 oC) | 238 | / |
| Convection transfer rate h/ (W m -2?K -1) | / | / | / | ~4 |
| The order of magnitude | 0.0045~0.0075 | 0.1 | 4.2×10 -6 | 0.25 |
In addition, for described outside surface A and outside surface C, in its thermal conduction resistance, do not comprise R
aand R
stherefore,, active thermal resistance only has R
h.Therefore, the situation of the heat flow density on described outside surface A and described outside surface C should with central plane category-B seemingly, that is, described outside surface A and described outside surface C meet round isotherm hypothesis equally.
In step S4, due to the temperature sensor limited amount that can arrange in experiment, need to carry out reasonable assumption by the basic theories of thermal conduction study, thereby by limited temperature test point, rebuild battery temperature field.Described reconstruction of temperature field refers to utilizes limited measured temperature, according to certain algorithm, obtains each point temperature value.Described step S4 comprises:
S41: based on described circular form isotherm hypothesis, described plane to be analyzed is divided into three regions;
S42: according to the actual temperature value recording of different time on x axle, y axle in described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y), use linear interpolation method to obtain the temperature T (x of each point on x axle and y axle, 0, t) and T (0, y, t), wherein, t represents temperature temporal evolution; And
S43: according to the temperature T of each point on x axle and y axle (x, 0, t) and T (0, y, t) determine the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in plane to be analyzed, thereby completed reconstruction of temperature field.
Refer to Fig. 4, in step S41, described plane to be analyzed is divided into region I, tri-regions of region II and region III.Described region I is the incircle take the width of cell 4 as diameter, and described region II is the inscribe circular arc band take the length of cell 4 as external diameter, and described region III is the remaining corner areas of plane to be analyzed.Certainly, the division of described plane to be analyzed is not limited to above division methods, specifically determines according to the shape of actual battery, size.
Described step S43 comprises:
S431: the region at other each point (x, y) places in Judge plane, according to the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in formula (1) calculating x>0 plane; And,
S432: the symmetry of utilizing temperature field to distribute, through type
obtain the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in x<0 plane.
In step S431, in plane, in other each points (x, y), corresponding radius of a circle r can be according to formula x
2+ y
2=r
2calculate and obtain, further, can be according to the region at other each point (x, y) places in the big or small Judge plane of radius r.In the present embodiment, in the time of 0<r<45mm, described region I is dropped in the position of other each points (x, y); In the time of 45<r<75mm, described region II is dropped in the position of other each points (x, y); In the time of r>75mm, described region III is dropped in the position of other each points (x, y).
In described region I, region II and region III, the temperature T (x, y, t) of each point (x, y) can be passed through respectively formula (I), formula (II) and formula (III) confirmation.Particularly, refer to Fig. 5, in described region II and region III, suppose analyzed temperature field each point (x, y) position has been divided into foursquare grid, and the spacing of grid is d, and wherein, spacing d is less than or equal to 2mm, be conducive to improve region III internal net point (x, the degree of accuracy of temperature T (x, y, t) y).In the present embodiment, described spacing d is about 1mm.Because the separatrix of described region II and region III is evagination, so have in some region III and net point (x region II intersection
1, y
1) there are three adjacent points in the II of region, for example (x
1-d, y
1), (x
1, y
1-d) and (x
1-d, y
1-d).Because the temperature of IINei arbitrfary point, region can both obtain by formula II, therefore in described region III with the net point (x of region II intersection
1, y
1) Temperature numerical can obtain according to formula (III).
In addition, refer to accompanying drawing 6, because the net point a in described region III can directly calculate by formula (III).All pass through after formula (III) calculates when the temperature of these net points a, net point b has had again the net point of 3 known temperatures around.Therefore, the temperature of net point b can further calculate by formula (III) again.And so forth, thus can obtain in the III of region temperature a little.
Be appreciated that, when described temperature sensor 5 is arranged in plane to be analyzed except described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y) initial point, when other positions outside in X-axis and Y-axis, also can carry out reconstruction of temperature field by identical method, difference is only the temperature T (x of each point (x, y) in Judge plane, y, t) method difference.If test point is not at the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y), in X-axis or Y-axis, can suppose by circular temperature field, by drawing circular arc, practical test points equivalence, in described X-axis or Y-axis, is then carried out to reconstruction of temperature field according to the method for above-mentioned plane to be analyzed.
Reconstruction of temperature field method in described reference analysis plane is identical with described lip-deep reconstruction of temperature field method to be analyzed.
Refer to Fig. 7, the reconstruction of temperature field result of the lithium-ion-power cell that Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention 20s before the acupuncture time.As can be seen from the figure,, in the time of t=6s, near acupuncture points, temperature raises.Illustrate that acupuncture starts from t=6s, and at acupuncture points place, internal short-circuit occurs.Between t=6s ~ 10s, the thermal runaway of described lithium-ion-power cell inside is expanded to surrounding gradually, temperature rising on described outside surface A and outside surface C, and temperature rising speed on described outside surface A and outside surface C is less than the temperature rising speed on the flat B in described center.In the time of t=10s left and right, the inner thermal runaway that all occurs of whole lithium-ion-power cell.Between t=10s ~ 20s, described lithium-ion-power cell internal temperature continues to rise, and near t=20s time, described lithium-ion-power cell internal temperature reaches 910 ℃ of its mxm.s, far above 530 ℃ of the maximum temperatures on described lithium-ion-power cell surface.Illustrate for large-sized power battery, in acupuncture course, it is inhomogeneous that the inside and outside temperature field of battery distributes, and thermal runaway while occurring internal temperature of battery higher much than external temperature.From figure, it can also be seen that, the temperature at the central plane B pricker place of inside battery is lower than described acupuncture points temperature around, and the projecting temperature of temperature of the central point of described outside surface A and outside surface C.This is because the coefficient of heat conductivity of pricker is larger, its conducting battery kernel with extraneous, the radiating rate pricker is around very fast, so the temperature at central plane B pricker place is lower than the temperature around described acupuncture points.Correspondingly, in the center of outside surface A and the outside surface C of shell, received the heat of more derivation, so battery outside surface is higher in the temperature at center.
Refer to Fig. 8, as can be seen from Figure, after t>20s, due to the cooling effect of surrounding environment, the temperature of described lithium-ion-power cell inside center plane B will decline.And because the temperature of central plane B is far above the temperature of outside surface A and outside surface C, the outside surface A of described lithium-ion-power cell and the temperature of outside surface C will continue to rise.Until after about t=2000s, described lithium-ion-power cell inside and outside reaches equalized temperature.After t>2000s, described lithium-ion-power cell continues to function of environment heat emission, until described lithium-ion-power cell bulk temperature be reduced to environmental facies with.
The measuring method of the lithium-ion-power cell internal temperature field distribution that the embodiment of the present invention provides, combine heat transfer theory analysis, by arranging specific temperature sensor, can to internal temperature field distribution in lithium-ion-power cell acupuncture course over time situation analyze, can show the lithium-ion-power cell internal heat dynamic process of propagating towards periphery from acupuncture points out of control, for the safety of acupuncture design of lithium-ion-power cell provides strong support clear and intuitively.The measuring method of the lithium-ion-power cell internal temperature field distribution that the embodiment of the present invention provides can be applied to the research of large-sized power battery thermal management, the field such as the research of thermal runaway scaling problem in checking acupuncture model and battery module.
In addition, those skilled in the art can also do other and change in spirit of the present invention, and the variation that these do according to spirit of the present invention, all should be included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. a measuring method for internal temperature of battery field distribution, comprises the following steps:
S1 a: battery is provided, and this battery comprises the cell of at least two stacked settings at least defines a plane to be analyzed between two adjacent cells, arranges at least three temperature sensors in described plane to be analyzed;
S2: the symcenter point with described plane to be analyzed carries out battery impact testing, at least three temperature sensors real time temperature in test process described in record;
S3: carry out circular form isotherm hypothesis according to described real time temperature; And
S4: based on described circular form isotherm hypothesis, rebuild for the temperature field in described plane to be analyzed, thereby obtain internal temperature of battery field distribution.
2. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described battery is a lithium-ion-power cell.
3. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described battery is rectangular parallelepiped or square.
4. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: take the symcenter point of described plane to be analyzed as initial point, in described plane to be analyzed, set up angle coordinate system (X always, Y), described temperature sensor is arranged in the initial point of this rectangular coordinate system (X, Y) or X-axis, Y-axis.
5. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described pin prick test, needle diameter is 5～8mm, and puncture speed is 10～30mm/s.
6. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the central point of described circular form isotherm is the initial point of described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y), and described step S4 is further comprising the steps:
S41: based on described circular form isotherm hypothesis, described plane to be analyzed is divided into three regions;
S42: according to described rectangular coordinate system (X, Y) the actual temperature value recording of different time on x axle, y axle in, use linear interpolation method, obtain each point on x axle and y axle temperature T (x, 0, t) and T (0, y, t), wherein, t represents temperature temporal evolution; And
S43: according to the temperature T of each point on x axle and y axle (x, 0, t) and T (0, y, t) determine the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in plane.
7. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described plane to be analyzed is rectangle, this rectangle plane is divided into region I, region II and tri-regions of region III, and region I is the incircle take rectangle width as diameter; Region II is the inscribe circular arc band take rectangle length as external diameter; Region III is the remaining corner areas of rectangle plane.
8. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described step S43 is further comprising the steps:
S431: the region at other each point (x, y) places in Judge plane, according to the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in formula (1) calculating x>0 plane; And,
S432: the symmetry of utilizing temperature field to distribute, through type
obtain the temperature T (x, y, t) of other each points (x, y) in x<0 plane,
Wherein, at described region II and region III, suppose that the position of analyzed temperature field each point (x, y) has been divided into foursquare grid, and the spacing of grid is d.
9. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the spacing d of grid is less than or equal to 2mm.
10. the measuring method of internal temperature of battery field distribution according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the spacing d of grid is 1mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105222923A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-06 | 许继电源有限公司 | A kind of electric battery each point temperature checking method |
| CN109145394A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of display methods of temperature of powered cell field, apparatus and system |
| CN110970679A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-07 | 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Battery pack temperature sensor rationality diagnosis method based on thermal symmetry |
| CN111890938A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-06 | 北京骑胜科技有限公司 | Battery management method, system, medium, battery, and electric vehicle |
| CN114355201A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-04-15 | 北京理工大学 | Lithium ion battery internal temperature field online estimation method based on electric-thermal coupling model |
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