CN103765098A - 旁通蒸汽管道 - Google Patents

旁通蒸汽管道 Download PDF

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CN103765098A
CN103765098A CN201280042591.8A CN201280042591A CN103765098A CN 103765098 A CN103765098 A CN 103765098A CN 201280042591 A CN201280042591 A CN 201280042591A CN 103765098 A CN103765098 A CN 103765098A
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laval nozzle
mixed cell
flow media
steam
cooling medium
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CN103765098B (zh
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彼得·贝伦布林克
弗兰克·戴德维希
霍尔格·热当尼茨
迪尔克·哈克里德
马里奥·克贝
贝恩德·普拉德
霍斯特·乌韦·劳
斯特凡·舍斯塔格
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • F22G5/123—Water injection apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B01F23/21321—High pressure atomization, i.e. the liquid is atomized and sprayed by a jet at high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3123—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with two or more Venturi elements
    • B01F25/31232—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with two or more Venturi elements used simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31242—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/91—Heating or cooling systems using gas or liquid injected into the material, e.g. using liquefied carbon dioxide or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • F22G5/123—Water injection apparatus
    • F22G5/126—Water injection apparatus in combination with steam-pressure reducing valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/98—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/601—Fluid transfer using an ejector or a jet pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在旁通站中将水与蒸汽混合的混合单元（1），其中在混合单元（1）中设置有多个拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……），所述拉瓦尔喷嘴沿水蒸汽方向轴向地相对彼此移动，使得整体上降低噪声发射。

Description

旁通蒸汽管道
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将流动介质与冷却介质混合的混合单元，所述混合单元包括管通道部段，混合部段流体地耦联到管通道部段上，其中混合部段包括多个拉瓦尔喷嘴，流动介质能够穿流所述拉瓦尔喷嘴，其中在拉瓦尔喷嘴中构成有喷射通道，冷却介质穿流所述喷射通道，使得发生流动介质与冷却介质的混合。
背景技术
在蒸汽发电厂中，在蒸汽发生器中产生蒸汽，所述蒸汽在流体地与蒸汽发生器联接的涡轮机组中将蒸汽的热能转换成转动能。转动能最终转换成电能。只要蒸汽发电厂在持续运行中运转并且发电机上的负载是相对恒定的，热力学性能就是在时间上相对恒定的。
通常存在下述情况，在所述情况中，蒸汽发电厂必须匹配于快速变化的负载情况。例如能够是，出现故障情况并且发电机必须突然从电网分离。也能够发生的是，蒸汽发电厂必须不可预见地从全负载切换成部分负载。这种负载改变是对整个蒸汽发电厂的调节技术的挑战。一种方案是，进行或出现快速变化的负载改变，使得由蒸汽发生器产生的在持续运行或全负载运行中直接流向高压部分涡轮机的蒸汽经由旁通站直接导向冷凝器。在所述旁通站中设有下述设备，所述设备将高温加热的蒸汽与水混合，以便由此改变蒸汽的热力学性能。所述水喷入到蒸汽中。这根据现有技术在旁通站中进行，在所述旁通站中设有拉瓦尔喷嘴，所述拉瓦尔喷嘴具有喷射通道，通过所述喷射通道将水喷射到蒸汽中。
当然已经表明，由此噪声发射是相对强的。此外已经表明，温度分布不是足够均匀的，这引起在部分负载中的并非最优的运行性能。
基本上，现今使用的旁通站由旁通阀和旁通蒸汽输入装置构成。旁通蒸汽输入装置包括节流部、水喷射设备和混合管。在蒸汽发电设施运转时或者在蒸汽轮机启动（Trip）之后，出现的蒸汽经由旁通站通过喷入水而冷却并且直接导入到冷凝器中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，在运行期间实现水与蒸汽的混合并且同时降低噪声发射。
所述目的通过用于将流动介质与冷却介质混合的混合单元来实现，所述混合单元包括管通道部段，混合部段流体地耦联到管通道部段上，其中混合部段包括多个拉瓦尔喷嘴，流动介质能够穿流所述拉瓦尔喷嘴，其中在拉瓦尔喷嘴中构成有喷射通道，所述冷却介质穿流喷射通道，使得发生流动介质与冷却介质的混合，其中彼此相邻的拉瓦尔喷嘴沿着流动介质的流动方向彼此错位地设置。
在从属权利要求中提出有利的改进形式。
因此，借助本发明提出下述措施，与蒸汽仅穿流唯一的节流开口的现有设计相反，应用多个节流开口。由于应用唯一的节流开口而存在的缺点是尤其在混合部段的边缘处没有最佳地进行混合。通过应用多个节流开口实现更好的混合和降低的噪声发射。
本发明的主要思想是，两个彼此相邻的拉瓦尔喷嘴沿着流动方向彼此错位地设置。为了冷却蒸汽，在旁通运行中将水喷入到旁通蒸汽管道中。为了实现良好地喷洒水进而实现有效的冷却，蒸汽在混合之前引导通过拉瓦尔喷嘴或者通过节流孔，由此强烈地提高流动速度。蒸汽和水滴之间的高的相对速度尽管引起良好的喷洒，但是具有的缺点是水滴不到达蒸汽流的核心中进而蒸汽流的内部部分或者内部核心不被充分地冷却。拉瓦尔喷嘴从现在开始沿着流动介质的流动方向轴向地移动。在穿流拉瓦尔喷嘴时，产生声波。声波在拉瓦尔喷嘴后方形成。当拉瓦尔喷嘴附加地轴向地相对彼此移动一定长度使得不同的且彼此相邻的拉瓦尔喷嘴的声波波峰和声波波谷相互抵消时，显著地降低总声波发射。
因此在此重要的特征是，轴向地相对彼此移动彼此相邻设置的各个拉瓦尔喷嘴。
拉瓦尔喷嘴与移动装置耦联，其中拉瓦尔喷嘴能够在运行期间移动。因此提出，构成主动的移动，所述主动的移动能够以电气的方式或液压的方式或者借助其他机构进行，因此拉瓦尔喷嘴平面能够相对彼此移动，使得在运行期间能够影响不同的频率带。因此，在不同的运行状态中能够有效地降低噪声发射。
在第一有利的改进形式中，拉瓦尔喷嘴彼此相同地构成。这引起声波波谷和声波波峰的更好的可计算性进而能够通过声波发射由计算而事先更好地确定：轴向移动必须进行多远。
在另一有利的改进形式中，拉瓦尔喷嘴与移动装置耦联，其中在运行期间可以进行拉瓦尔喷嘴的移动。因此提出，构成主动的移动，所述主动的移动能够以电气的方式或液压的方式或者借助其他机构进行，因此拉瓦尔喷嘴平面能够相对彼此移动，使得在运行期间能够影响不同的频率带。因此，在不同的运行状态中能够有效地降低噪声发射。
附图说明
根据实施例现在详细地阐明本发明。其示出：
图1示出常规的混合单元的横截面视图；
图2示出根据本发明的混合单元的横截面视图；
图3示出混合单元的一部分的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据现有技术的混合单元1。这种混合单元1的特征在于具有管通道部段2，流动介质3在所述管通道部段中朝混合部段4流动。在所述混合部段4中设置有拉瓦尔喷嘴5，在所述拉瓦尔喷嘴中加速流动介质。在拉瓦尔喷嘴5中设置有喷射通道6，冷却介质例如水穿流所述喷射通道。冷却介质与在管部段7中的流动介质3混合，所述管部段流体地连接在混合单元4上。
图2示出混合单元1的根据本发明的视图。与根据图1的混合单元1不同的是，在混合部段4中设置有多个拉瓦尔喷嘴5a、5b、5c，流动介质3穿流所述拉瓦尔喷嘴并且在所述拉瓦尔喷嘴中分别构成有喷射通道6，通过所述喷射通道将水与流动介质混合。此外，图1和图2之间的混合单元1之间的区别在于，拉瓦尔喷嘴5a、5b、5c沿着也能够称作为轴向方向的流动介质方向8相对彼此移动。通过所述移动将与相邻的拉瓦尔喷嘴的声波波峰重叠的声波波谷抵消。由此实现总声波发射降低。管部段7最后与没有详细示出的冷凝器连接。
拉瓦尔喷嘴5a、5b、5c相对彼此的轴向移动能够通过借助于电气力或液压力进行的主动移动来进行。这能够在出现不同的运行状态的运行期间进行。由此能够影响不同的频率带，这整体上即使在运行期间降低噪声发射。
能够在运行中测量频率带进而将节流部相对彼此移动，使得噪声发射变得最小。在设备启动时事先为每个负载点确定最有利的轴向位置并且然后在运行中仅引入所述轴向位置而不必主动地测量频谱。
图3示例地示出拉瓦尔喷嘴5a和5b的移动的视图。拉瓦尔喷嘴5a相对于拉瓦尔喷嘴5b相对彼此移动长度L。在1000Hz的声频率的情况下，这得到大约500m/s的声速，由此得到0.5m的所需要的长度。该长度能够在一次近似中静态地设定或者，如在更上面详细地描述，即使在运行期间也能够通过主动的移动来获得。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于将流动介质（3）与冷却介质混合的混合单元（1），所述混合单元包括管通道部段（2），在所述管通道部段上流体地耦联有混合部段（4），其中所述混合部段（4）包括多个拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……），所述流动介质（3）能够穿流所述拉瓦尔喷嘴，其中在所述拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……）中构成有喷射通道（6），所述冷却介质穿流所述喷射通道，使得发生所述流动介质（3）与所述冷却介质的混合，其中彼此相邻的拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……）沿着所述流动介质（3）的流动方向（8）彼此错位地设置，
其特征在于，
所述拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……）与移动装置耦联，其中所述拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……）能够在运行期间移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合单元（1），其中所述拉瓦尔喷嘴（5，5a，5b，……）彼此相同地构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合单元（1），其中所述喷射通道（6）相对于所述拉瓦尔喷嘴壁倾斜地构成。
4.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的混合单元（1），其中所述流动介质（3）是蒸汽。
5.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的混合单元（1），其中所述冷却介质是水。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合单元（1），其中借助于电气机构或液压机构进行移动。
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CN109026229A (zh) * 2018-07-23 2018-12-18 嘉兴石化有限公司 一种高压蒸汽降压降温降噪系统
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JP5739070B2 (ja) 2015-06-24
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