CN103702623A - 具有记录功能的机器人控制的外科器械 - Google Patents

具有记录功能的机器人控制的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN103702623A
CN103702623A CN201280036774.9A CN201280036774A CN103702623A CN 103702623 A CN103702623 A CN 103702623A CN 201280036774 A CN201280036774 A CN 201280036774A CN 103702623 A CN103702623 A CN 103702623A
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sensor
surgical
closed
end effector
rotation
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CN103702623B (zh
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F·E·谢尔顿四世
J·N·奥沃柯克
E·L·蒂姆珀曼
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械。所述外科器械包括端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括钉通道和相对于所述钉通道可运动地平移的砧座。工具安装部分能够与机器人系统交接并且操作地与所述端部执行器连通。所述器械还包括第一传感器,所述第一传感器具有代表所述机器人系统的一部分的第一状况的输出。第二传感器具有代表所述砧座的位置的输出。第三传感器具有代表往复式刀在所述端部执行器内的位置的输出。外部可访问存储装置与所述第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器连通。

Description

具有记录功能的机器人控制的外科器械
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请是提交于2010年11月18日的授予Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk和Eugene L.Timperman的名称为“SurgicalInstrument Having Recording Capabilities”的美国专利申请序列号12/949,099的部分继续专利申请并且要求该专利申请的权益,所述美国专利申请序列号12/949,099是提交于2006年1月31日的授予Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk和Eugene L.Timperman的名称为“Surgical InstrumentHaving Recording Capabilities”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,803(现为美国专利No.7,845,537)的继续申请并且要求该专利申请的权益,其中美国专利No.7,845,537公布于2010年12月7日,其全文以引用的方式并入本文。
本专利申请与以下美国专利申请相关,它们以引用的方式并入本文:
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH USER FEEDBACKSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,498,现为美国专利No.7,766,210;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John Ouwerkerk和Jerome R.Morgan;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH LOADING FORCEFEEDBACK”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,573,现为美国专利No.7,416,101;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk、Jerome R.Morgan和Jeffrey S.Swayze;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITIONFEEDBACK”的美国专利申请序列号11/344,035,现为美国专利No.7,422,139;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk、Jerome R.Morgan和Jeffrey S.Swayze;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ADAPTIVE USERFEEDBACK”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,447,现为美国专利No.7,770,775;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk和Jerome R.Morgan;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATABLE ENDEFFECTOR”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,562,现为美国专利No.7,568,603;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV和Christoph L.Gillum;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH MECHANICALCLOSURE SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号11/344,024,现为美国专利公布No.2007/0175955;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV和Christoph L.Gillum;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING ANDFASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKINGMECHANISM”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,321,现为美国专利公布No.2007/0175955;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV和Kevin R.Doll;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“GEARING SELECTOR FOR APOWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING STAPLINGINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,563,现为美国专利公布No.2007/0175951;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Jeffrey S.Swayze、EugeneL.Timperman;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AREMOVABLE BATTERY”的美国专利申请序列号11/344,020,现为美国专利No.7,464,846;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Kevin R.Doll、Jeffrey S.Swayze和Eugene Timperman;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“ELECTRONIC LOCKOUTS ANDSURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCLUDING SAME”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,439,现为美国专利No.7,644,848;发明人:Jeffrey S.Swayze、Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Kevin R.Doll;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“ENDOSCOPIC SURGICALINSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITHRESPECT TO THE SHAFT”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,547,现为美国专利No.7,753,904;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Jeffrey S.Swayze、Mark S.Ortiz和Leslie M.Fugikawa;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICALCUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING A ROTARY FIRINGAND CLOSURE SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL CLOSURE AND ANVILALIGNMENT COMPONENTS”的美国专利申请序列号11/344,021,现为美国专利No.7,464,849;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Stephen J.Balek和Eugene L.Timperman;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“DISPOSABLE STAPLE CARTRIDGEHAVING AN ANVIL WITH TISSUE LOCATOR FOR USE WITH ASURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT AND MODULAREND EFFECTOR SYSTEM THEREFOR”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,546,现为美国专利公布No.2007/0175950;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Michael S.Cropper、Joshua M.Broehl、Ryan S.Crisp、JamisonJ.Float、Eugene L.Timperman;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AFEEDBACK SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,545,现为美国专利公布No.2007/0175949;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、Jerome R.Morgan、Kevin R.Doll、Jeffrey S.Swayze和Eugene Timperman;
提交于2011年2月4日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVINGRECORDING CAPABILITIES”的美国专利申请序列号13/021,105;发明人:Frederick E.Shelton,IV、John N.Ouwerkerk、Eugene L.Timperman(代理人案卷号END5773USCNT2/050698CON2)。
背景技术
本发明整体涉及外科器械,更具体地讲涉及能够记录器械的各种状况的微创外科手术器械。
与传统的开放式外科装置相比,内窥镜式外科器械通常是优选的,因为较小的切口往往能缩短术后恢复时间并减少并发症。因此,已开始大量开发一系列的内窥镜式外科器械,所述内窥镜式外科器械适用于穿过套管针的插管在所需手术部位精确放置远侧端部执行器。这些远侧端部执行器以多种方式接合组织以实现诊断或治疗效果(如,直线切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置以及利用超声波、射频、激光等的能量装置)。
已知的外科缝合器包括同时在组织中造出纵向切口并在切口的相对侧上施放成排的钉的端部执行器。端部执行器包括一对协同工作的钳口构件,如果意图将所述器械用于内窥镜式或腹腔镜式应用,则所述钳口构件能够穿过插管通道。钳口构件之一容纳钉仓,该钉仓具有横向间隔开的至少两排钉。另一钳口构件限定砧座,所述砧座具有与仓中的钉排对齐的钉成形凹坑。器械包括多个往复式楔形件,当朝远侧驱动时,所述多个往复式楔形件穿过钉仓中的开口并且接合支撑钉的驱动器,以使钉朝着砧座击发。
适于内窥镜式应用的外科缝合器的例子在授予Knodel等人的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLER INSTRUMENT”的美国专利No.5,465,895中有所描述,该专利公开了具有独特的闭合和击发动作的直线切割器。临床医生使用该装置能够在组织上闭合钳口构件,以在击发之前定位组织。一旦临床医生确定钳口构件适当地抓持了组织,临床医生即可使用单击发冲程或多击发冲程(取决于装置)击发外科缝合器。击发外科缝合器引起对组织进行切断和缝合。同时进行切断和缝合避免了当利用分别仅用于切断和缝合的不同外科工具依次执行此类动作时可能产生的并发症。
能够在击发前靠拢组织的一个具体优点是,临床医生能够通过内窥镜检查是否已获得要进行切割的所需位置,包括足够量的组织是否已被捕集在相对的钳口之间。另外,相对的钳口可以被拉拢到一起,尤其是在它们的远端处收聚,因此不能在切断的组织中有效地形成闭合钉。在另一个极端,过量的组织被夹持可能引起粘合和不完全击发。
当内窥镜式外科器械发生故障时,通常将它们返回给制造商或其他实体,以进行故障分析。如果所述故障导致在器械中出现关键类别的缺陷,则制造商有必要确定故障的原因,并确定是否需要对设计作出更改。在此情况下,制造商可能花费数百工时来分析出故障的器械,并且仅基于器械的损坏状况来尝试重现器械发生故障时的情况。以该方式分析器械故障可能非常昂贵且极具挑战性。另外,多种这些分析仅推断出故障是由于器械的不当使用而造成的。
发明内容
在一个一般方面,本发明涉及外科器械。外科器械具有端部执行器以及与端部执行器连通的触发器。外科器械还具有第一传感器以及与第一传感器连通的可外部访问存储器装置。第一传感器具有表示触发器或端部执行器中的任一者的第一状况的输出。存储器装置能够记录第一传感器的输出。在各种实施例中,存储器装置可包括输出端口和/或可移除存储介质。
另外,在各种实施例中,第一传感器的输出表示端部执行器的状况,并且器械还包括第二传感器,其输出表示触发器的状况。存储器装置能够记录第一传感器和第二传感器的输出。
在另一个一般方面,本发明涉及记录外科器械的状态的方法。该方法包括监测多个传感器的输出的步骤。该输出表示外科器械的状况。该方法还包括当外科器械的至少一个状况变化时记录到达存储器装置的输出的步骤。在各种实施例中,所述方法还可包括将多个传感器的所记录输出提供给外部装置的步骤。
根据本发明的各种实施例的其他一般方面,提供了一种包括端部执行器的外科器械,所述端部执行器能够接合组织。在各种实施例中,端部执行器包括钉通道和相对于钉通道可枢转地平移的砧座。砧座和钉通道中的至少一者限定了纵向通道。当砧座枢转至基本上平行于钉通道的位置时,往复式刀定位成朝远侧滑动穿过纵向通道。工具安装部分能够与机器人系统交接并且操作地与端部执行器连通。各种实施例还包括具有输出的第一传感器,所述输出表示机器人系统的一部分的第一状况。该器械还包括具有表示砧座位置的输出的第二传感器。该器械还包括具有表示往复式刀的位置的输出的第三传感器。在各种实施例中,机器人系统包括与第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器连通的外部可访问存储装置,其中该存储装置能够记录第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器的输出。
根据本发明的各种实施例的其他一般方面,提供了一种包括端部执行器和工具安装部分的外科器械,所述工具安装部分能够与机器人系统交接以产生用于致动端部执行器的部分的致动运动。该器械还包括具有输出的第一传感器,所述输出表示端部执行器的状况。另外,该器械还包括具有输出的第二传感器,所述输出表示机器人系统的状况。各种实施例还包括与第一传感器和第二传感器连通的存储装置,其中存储装置能够记录第一传感器的输出和第二传感器的输出。
附图说明
本文以举例的方式结合以下附图描述了本发明的各种实施例,其中:
图1和2为根据本发明的各种实施例的外科切割和紧固器械的透视图;
图3-5为根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的端部执行器和轴的分解图;
图6为根据本发明的各种实施例的端部执行器的侧视图;
图7为根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的柄部的分解图;
图8和9为根据本发明的各种实施例的柄部的局部透视图;
图10为根据本发明的各种实施例的柄部的侧视图;
图10A和10B示出了可根据本发明的各种实施例使用的比例传感器;
图11为用于根据本发明的各种实施例的器械中的电路的示意图;
图12-13为根据本发明的其他实施例的柄部的侧视图;
图14-22示出了根据本发明的各种实施例用于锁定闭合触发器的不同机构;
图23A-B示出了根据本发明的各种实施例可在器械的关节运动点处采用的万向接头(“u形接头”);
图24A-B示出了根据本发明的各种实施例可在器械的关节运动点处采用的扭转缆线;
图25-31示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的具有动力辅助的外科切割和紧固器械;
图32-36示出了根据本发明的又一个实施例的具有动力辅助的外科切割和紧固器械;
图37-40示出了本发明的实施例的具有触觉反馈的外科切割和紧固器械;
图41示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的端部执行器和轴的分解图;
图42示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的机械器械的柄部的侧视图;
图43示出了图42的机械致动器械的柄部的分解图;
图44示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的用于记录器械的各种状况的记录系统的方框图;
图45-46示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械柄部的剖面侧视图,其中示出了各种传感器;
图47示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的端部执行器,其中示出了各种传感器;
图48示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的包括传感器的器械的击发杆;
图49示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的柄部、端部执行器和击发杆的侧视图,其中示出了传感器;
图50示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的钉通道及钉仓的部分的分解图,其中示出了各种传感器;
图51示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的钉通道的自顶向下视图,其中示出了各种传感器;
图52A和52B示出了显示用于操作根据各种实施例的器械的方法的流程图;
图53示出了存储图,其示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的器械的示例性记录状况;
图54为一个机器人控制器实施例的透视图;
图55为操作地支撑本发明的多个外科工具实施例的机器人系统的一个机器人外科臂车/操纵器的透视图;
图56为图55中示出的机器人外科臂车/操纵器的侧视图;
图57为具有用于操作地支撑机器人操纵器的定位连杆的示例性的臂车结构的透视图,该机器人操纵器可与本发明的各种外科工具实施例一起使用;
图58为本发明的外科工具实施例的透视图;
图59为用于将各种外科工具实施例附接到机器人系统的适配器和工具架布置的分解组件视图;
图60为图59中示出的适配器的侧视图;
图61为图59中示出的适配器的底视图;
图62为图59和图60的适配器的顶视图;
图63为图58的外科工具实施例的部分底部透视图;
图64为本发明的可进行关节运动的外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的局部分解图;
图65为移除了工具安装外壳的图63的外科工具实施例的透视图;
图66为移除了工具安装外壳的图63的外科工具实施例的后部透视图;
图67为移除了工具安装外壳的图63的外科工具实施例的前透视图;
图68为图67的外科工具实施例的部分分解透视图;
图69为图63的外科工具实施例的部分横截面侧视图;
图70为图69中示出的外科工具的一部分的放大剖视图;
图71为图63中示出的外科工具实施例的工具安装部分的一部分的分解透视图;
图72为图71的工具安装部分的一部分的放大分解透视图;
图73为图63的外科工具的细长轴细长轴组件的一部分的局部剖视图;
图74为本发明的外科工具实施例的闭合螺母实施例的半部分的侧视图;
图75为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;
图76为图75的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置并且闭合离合器组件处于中间位置;
图77为图76中示出的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的另一个横截面侧视图,其中离合器组件接合于闭合位置;
图78为图76中示出的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的另一个横截面侧视图,其中离合器组件接合于击发位置;
图79是本发明的工具安装部分实施例的一部分的顶视图;
图80为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;
图81为图80的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置;
图82为图80的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的一部分的另一个横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于闭合位置;
图83为本发明的闭合驱动螺母和部分刀杆实施例的透视图;
图84是本发明的另一个工具安装部分实施例的顶视图;
图85为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;
图86为图85的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴细长轴组件的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置;
图87为图86的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的另一个横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于闭合位置;
图88为本发明的外科工具实施例的安装衬圈实施例的剖视图,示出了闭合驱动轴的刀杆和远端部分;
图89为图88的安装衬圈实施例的剖视图;
图90为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的另一个工具安装部分实施例的顶视图;
图90A为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的齿轮布置的一部分的分解透视图;
图90B为图90A中示出的齿轮布置的横截面透视图;
图91为采用了压力传感器布置的本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置;
图92为图91的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的另一个横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于闭合位置;
图93为与机器人系统的工具架部分相关的本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图94为与机器人系统的工具架部分相关的本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图95为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图96为本发明的外科工具实施例的一部分的另一个外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图97为本发明的外科工具实施例的一部分的另一个外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图98为本发明的外科工具实施例的一部分的另一个外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图99为图98的端部执行器的一部分的放大剖视图;
图100为图98和99的端部执行器的一部分的另一个剖视图;
图101为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于打开位置;
图102为图101的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的放大横截面侧视图;
图103为图101和102的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的另一个横截面侧视图,其中砧座处于闭合位置;
图104为图101至103的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器和细长轴组件的一部分的放大横截面侧视图;
图105为本发明的外科工具实施例的工具安装部分实施例的顶视图;
图106为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视组件视图;
图107为可与本发明的各种外科工具实施例一起使用的一次性加载单元布置的前透视图;
图108为图107的一次性加载单元的后部透视图;
图109为图107和108的一次性加载单元的底部透视图;
图110为可与本发明的各种外科工具实施例一起使用的另一个一次性加载单元实施例的底部透视图;
图111为图107-109中示出的一次性加载单元的安装部分的分解透视图;
图112为本发明的外科工具实施例的一次性加载单元和细长轴组件实施例的一部分的透视图,其中一次性加载单元处于第一位置;
图113为图112的一次性加载单元和细长轴组件的一部分的另一个透视图,其中一次性加载单元位于第二位置;
图114为图112和113中示出的一次性加载单元和细长轴组件实施例的一部分的剖视图;
图115为图112-114中示出的一次性加载单元和细长轴组件实施例的另一个剖视图;
图116为本发明的外科工具实施例的另一个一次性加载单元实施例和细长轴组件实施例的一部分的局部分解透视图;
图117为本发明的外科工具实施例的另一个一次性加载单元实施例和细长轴组件实施例的一部分的局部分解透视图;
图118为图117的一次性加载单元实施例和细长轴组件实施例的另一个局部分解透视图;
图119为本发明的外科工具实施例的另一个工具安装部分实施例的顶视图;
图120为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的侧视图,其一些部件以横截面示出并与机器人系统的机器人工具架相关;
图121为可结合本发明的各种外科工具实施例使用的外科端部执行器实施例的分解组件视图;
图122为用于驱动在本发明的各种外科端部执行器实施例中使用的切割器械的缆线驱动系统的一部分的侧视图;
图123为图122的缆线驱动系统和切割器械的顶视图;
图124为处于闭合位置的本发明的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的顶视图;
图125为处于中间位置的图124的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的另一个顶视图;
图126为处于击发位置的图124和125的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的另一个顶视图;
图127为处于图124中示出的位置的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的透视图;
图128为处于图125中示出的位置的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的透视图;
图129为处于图126中示出的位置的缆线驱动传动装置实施例的透视图;
图130为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;
图131为用于驱动在本发明的各种外科端部执行器实施例中使用的切割器械的另一个缆线驱动系统实施例的一部分的侧视图;
图132为图131的缆线驱动系统实施例的顶视图;
图133为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的工具安装部分实施例的顶视图;
图134是本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的顶视剖视图;
图135为本发明的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的剖视图;
图136为图103的外科端部执行器沿着图135中的线136-136截取的横截面端视图;
图137为部分以横截面示出的图135和136的外科端部执行器的透视图;
图138为图135至137的外科端部执行器的一部分的侧视图;
图139为本发明的各种外科工具实施例的滑动件组件实施例的透视图;
图140为图139的滑动件组件实施例和图138的细长通道细长通道的一部分的剖视图;
图141-146以图解法示出了在本发明的外科工具实施例中的钉的顺序击发;
图147为本发明的外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的局部透视图;
图148为本发明的外科工具实施例的外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的局部横截面透视图;
图149为滑动件组件轴向推进穿过其中的图148的外科端部执行器实施例的另一个局部横截面透视图;
图150为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的另一个滑动件组件实施例的透视图;
图151为滑动件组件轴向推进穿过其中的图148和149中示出的外科端部执行器实施例的一部分的局部顶视图;
图152为图151的外科端部执行器实施例的另一个局部顶视图,为了清楚起见,已省略外科钉仓的顶部表面;
图153为图148和149中示出的外科端部执行器的旋转驱动器实施例和钉推动器实施例的局部横截面侧视图;
图154为本发明的自动重新加载系统实施例的透视图,其中外科端部执行器与其提取系统以提取方式接合;
图155为图154中示出的自动重新加载系统实施例的另一个透视图;
图156为图154和155中示出的自动重新加载系统实施例的横截面正视图;
图157为图154-156中示出的自动重新加载系统实施例的另一个横截面正视图,其中其提取系统从外科端部执行器中移除用过的外科钉仓;
图158为图154-157中示出的自动重新加载系统实施例的另一个横截面正视图,示出了将新的外科钉仓加载到外科端部执行器中;
图159为本发明的另一个自动重新加载系统实施例的透视图,其一些部件以横截面示出;
图160为图159的自动重新加载系统实施例的一部分的分解透视图;
图161为图160中示出的部分自动重新加载系统实施例的另一个分解透视图;
图162为图159-161的自动重新加载系统实施例的横截面正视图;
图163为支撑其中的一次性加载单元的取向管实施例的剖视图;
图164为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;
图165为本发明的外科工具实施例的关节运动接头实施例的局部透视图;
图166为本发明的外科工具实施例的闭合管实施例的透视图;
图167为组装在图165的关节运动接头实施例上的图166的闭合管实施例的透视图;
图168为本发明的外科工具实施例的工具安装部分实施例的一部分的顶视图;
图169为图168的工具安装部分实施例中采用的关节运动驱动组件实施例的透视图;
图170为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图;并且
图171为本发明的另一个外科工具实施例的透视图。
具体实施方式
本专利申请的申请人还拥有与本专利同一日期提交的以下专利申请,这些专利申请各自的全部内容均以引用方式并入本文:
-名称为“Surgical Instrument With Wireless Communication Between aControl Unit of a Robotic System and Remote Sensor”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END5924USCIP2/060339CIP2;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Disposable Motor Driven LoadingUnit”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END6213USCIP1/070330CIP1;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Endoscopic Accessory Channel”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END5568USCIP2/100809CIP2;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Motorized Surgical Instrument”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END6416USCIP1/080205CIP1;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Surgical Stapling Devices ThatProduce Formed Staples Having Different Lengths”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END5675USCIP6/050504CIP6;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Motorized Cutting and FasteningInstrument”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END6269USCIP1/070391CIP1;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Shaft Based Rotary Drive Systems ForSurgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END6089USCIP1/070059CIP1;
-名称为“Robotically-Controlled Surgical Instrument With ForceFeedback Capabilities”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END5773USCIP5/050698CIP5;
-名称为“Robotically-Driven Surgical Instrument With E-BeamDriver”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END0908USCIP2/100810CIP2;
-名称为“Surgical Stapling Instruments With Rotatable StapleDeployment Arrangements”的美国专利申请序列号_____,代理人案卷号END7002USNP/110262。
现在将描述某些示例性实施例,以从整体上理解本文所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造和用途的原理。这些实施例的一个或多个实例在附图中示出。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,本文特别描述和在附图中示出的装置和方法为非限制性的示例性实施例,并且本发明各种实施例的范围仅由权利要求书限定。就一个示例性实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征,可与其他实施例的特征进行组合。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
因此,本说明书通篇使用的短语“在各种实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”等并不一定都指相同的实施例。此外,在一个或多个其他实施例中,可按照任何合适的方式组合一个或多个实施例的具体特征、结构或特性。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
图1和2描述了根据本发明的各种实施例的外科切割和紧固器械10。图示实施例为内窥镜式外科器械10,一般来讲,本文所述的器械10的实施例为内窥镜式外科切割和紧固器械。然而,应该指出的是,根据本发明的其他实施例,器械10可以是非内窥镜式外科切割器械,例如腹腔镜式器械。
图1和2中描述的外科器械10包括柄部6、轴8以及在关节运动枢轴14处可枢转地连接至轴8的进行关节运动的端部执行器12。关节运动控制件16可邻近柄部6提供,以实现端部执行器12围绕关节运动枢轴14的旋转。应当理解,各种实施例可包括非枢转端部执行器,因此可以不具有关节运动枢轴14或关节运动控制件16。另外,在图示实施例中,端部执行器12能够充当用于夹合、切断和缝合组织的直线切割器,但在其他实施例中,可使用不同类型的端部执行器,例如用于其他类型外科装置的端部执行器,诸如抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗装置、超声、射频或激光装置等。
器械10的柄部6可包括用于致动端部执行器12的闭合触发器18和击发触发器20。应当理解,具有涉及不同手术任务的端部执行器的器械可具有不同数量或类型的触发器或用于操作端部执行器12的其他合适的控制件。端部执行器12示出为优选地通过细长轴8与柄部6分离。在一个实施例中,器械10的临床医生或操作者可通过利用关节运动控制件16使端部执行器12相对于轴8进行关节运动,如在提交于2006年1月10日的授予Geoffrey C.Hueil等人的名称为“Surgical Instrument Having An ArticulatingEnd Effector”的未决美国专利申请序列号11/329,020中更详细地描述,该专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。
在该例子中,端部执行器12此外包括钉通道22和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件,例如砧座24,所述钉通道22和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件保持在确保有效地缝合和切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织的间距处。柄部6包括手枪式握把26,临床医生朝向该手枪式握把可枢转地牵拉闭合触发器18,以将砧座24朝向端部执行器12的钉通道22夹持或闭合,从而夹持定位在砧座24和钉通道22之间的组织。击发触发器20在闭合触发器18的外侧较远处。如下面进一步描述,一旦闭合触发器18锁定于闭合位置,击发触发器20便可朝向手枪式握把26略微旋转,使得其可被操作者使用一只手触及。然后,操作者可朝向手枪式握把26可枢转地牵拉击发触发器20,以引起对端部执行器12中的被夹持组织的缝合和切断。在其他实施例中,可使用除砧座24之外的不同类型夹紧构件,例如相对的钳口等。
应当理解,本文使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是以握持器械10的柄部6的临床医生为参照的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的柄部6为远侧。还应当理解,为方便和清楚起见,本文可结合附图使用空间术语例如“竖直”和“水平”。然而,外科器械在多个取向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并非意图进行限制,也并非绝对。
可首先致动闭合触发器18。一旦临床医生对于端部执行器12的定位感到满意,临床医生即可将闭合触发器18拉回至其紧邻手枪式握把26的完全闭合的锁定位置。然后可致动击发触发器20。当临床医生移除压力时,击发触发器20返回打开位置(在图1和2中示出),如下面更完整地描述。当按下柄部6上的释放按钮时,可释放锁定的闭合触发器18。释放按钮可以各种形式实现,例如图42-43中示出的释放按钮30、图14中示出的滑动释放按钮160和/或图16中示出的按钮172。
图3-6示出了根据各种实施例的旋转从动端部执行器12和轴8的实施例。图3为根据各种实施例的端部执行器12的分解图。如图示实施例中所示,端部执行器12可包括除了前述通道22和砧座24之外的切割器械32、滑动件33、可移除地位于通道22中的钉仓34以及螺旋状螺杆轴36。切割器械32可以为例如刀。砧座24可在连接至通道22的近端的枢轴销25处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧座24还可包括位于其近端处的突出部27,所述突出部插入机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的部件以打开和闭合砧座24。当闭合触发器18被致动时,即被器械10的使用者牵拉时,砧座24可围绕枢轴销25枢转进入夹紧或闭合位置。如果端部执行器12的夹紧符合要求,操作者即可致动击发触发器20(如下面更详细地解释),使得刀32和滑动件33沿着通道22在纵向上行进,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器12内的组织。滑动件33沿着通道22的运动使得钉仓34的钉(未示出)被驱动穿过切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧座24,所述砧座使钉弯曲以紧固被切断的组织。在各种实施例中,滑动件33可以是仓34的一体式部件。授予Shelton,IV等人的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTINCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM”的美国专利No.6,978,921提供了更多关于此类二冲程切割和紧固器械的详细信息,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。滑动件33可以是仓34的一部分,使得当刀32在切割操作后回缩时,滑动件33不会回缩。
应该指出的是,虽然本文描述的器械10的实施例采用对切断的组织进行缝合的端部执行器12,但是在其他实施例中,可使用用于对切断的组织进行紧固或密封的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用射频能量或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。授予Yates等人的名称为“ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE”的美国专利No.5,709,680,以及授予Yates等人的名称为“ELECTOSURGICALHEMOSTATIC DEVICE WITH RECESSED AND/OR OFFSETELECTRODES”的美国专利No.5,688,270公开了使用射频能量来密封被切断的组织的内窥镜式切割器械,所述专利均以引用的方式并入本文。授予Jerome R.Morgan等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,811,以及授予Frederick E.Shelton,IV等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,383公开了使用粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,它们也以引用的方式并入本文。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及如下切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到,这仅是示例性实施例,并不旨在进行限制。也可以使用其他组织紧固技术。
图4和5为根据各种实施例的端部执行器12和轴8的分解图,并且图6为它们的侧视图。如图示实施例所示出,轴8可包括通过枢转连接件44枢转地连接的近侧闭合管40和远侧闭合管42。远侧闭合管42包括开口45,砧座24上的突出部27插入该开口以便打开和闭合砧座24,如下文进一步所述。设置于闭合管40、42内部的可以是近侧脊管46。设置于近侧脊管46内部的可以是通过锥齿轮组件52与次(或远侧)驱动轴50连通的主旋转(或近侧)驱动轴48。次驱动轴50连接至接合螺旋状螺杆轴36的近侧传动齿轮56的传动齿轮54。竖直锥齿轮52b可位于近侧脊管46远端中的开口57内并进行枢转。远侧脊管58可用于包封次驱动轴50和传动齿轮54、56。总体来说,主驱动轴48、次驱动轴50和关节运动组件(如,锥齿轮组件52a-c)有时在本文中称为“主驱动轴组件”。
定位在钉通道22远端处的轴承38容纳螺旋状传动螺杆36,从而允许螺旋状传动螺杆36相对于通道22自由旋转。螺旋状螺杆轴36可交接刀32的螺纹开口(未示出),使得轴36的旋转引起刀32通过钉通道22朝远侧或向近侧(取决于旋转的方向)平移。因此,当主驱动轴48通过致动击发触发器20而旋转时(如下面更详细地解释),锥齿轮组件52a-c引起次驱动轴50旋转,继而由于接合传动齿轮54、56而引起螺旋状螺杆轴36旋转,其引起刀驱动构件32沿着通道22在纵向上行进,以切割夹持在端部执行器12内的任何组织。滑动件33可由例如塑料制成,并且可具有倾斜的远侧表面。当滑动件33穿过通道22时,前倾表面可向上推动或驱动钉仓中的钉穿过被夹持的组织并抵靠砧座24。砧座24使钉弯曲,从而缝合切断的组织。当刀32回缩时,刀32和滑动件33可脱离,从而使滑动件33保留在通道22的远端处。
如上所述,由于缺乏切割/缝合操作的使用者反馈,所以内科医生普遍不接受其中切割/缝合操作仅通过按下按钮而致动的马达驱动的直线切割器。相比之下,本发明的实施例提供具有针对端部执行器12中切割器械32的部署、力和/或位置的使用者反馈的马达驱动的直线切割器。
图7-10示出了马达驱动的直线切割器(具体地讲,其柄部)的示例性实施例,所述马达驱动的直线切割器提供了有关端部执行器12中切割器械32的部署和加载力的使用者反馈。此外,该实施例可利用由使用者回缩击发触发器20所提供的动力对装置供以动力(所谓的“动力辅助”模式)。该实施例可与上述的旋转从动端部执行器12和轴8实施例一起使用。如图示实施例中所示出,柄部6包括通常组装在一起形成柄部6的外部的外部下侧件59、60和外部上侧件61、62。可在柄部6的手枪式握把部26中提供电池64,例如锂离子电池。电池64为设置在柄部6的手枪式握把部26的上部中的马达65供电。根据各种实施例,马达65可以是具有大约5000RPM的最大转速的直流刷式驱动马达。马达65可驱动包括第一锥齿轮68和第二锥齿轮70的90°锥齿轮组件66。锥齿轮组件66可驱动行星齿轮组件72。行星齿轮组件72可包括连接至驱动轴76的小齿轮74。小齿轮74可驱动配合的环形齿轮78,所述配合的环形齿轮通过驱动轴82驱动螺旋齿轮鼓80。环84可以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上。因此,当马达65旋转时,借助于插入的锥齿轮组件66、行星齿轮组件72和环形齿轮78引起环84沿着螺旋齿轮鼓80行进。
柄部6还可以包括与击发触发器20连通的马达运转传感器110(参见图10),用于检测击发触发器20何时被操作者朝向柄部6的手枪式握把部26拉近(或“闭合”)从而致动端部执行器12进行切割/缝合操作。传感器110可以为比例传感器,例如变阻器或可变电阻器。当击发触发器20被拉近时,传感器110检测此运动,并发送电信号,所述电信号指示提供给马达65的电压(或功率)。当传感器110为可变电阻器等时,马达65的转速可与击发触发器20的运动量大致成比例。即,如果操作者仅少量牵拉或者闭合击发触发器20,则马达65的转速相对较低。当完全拉近击发触发器20(或者处于完全闭合位置)时,马达65的转速为其最大值。换句话讲,使用者越用力牵拉击发触发器20,则施加到马达65上的电压就越大,从而转速就越大。
柄部6可包括邻近击发触发器20的上部的中间柄部件104。柄部6还可包括连接在中间柄部件104上的柱子与击发触发器20之间的偏置弹簧112。偏置弹簧112可将击发触发器20偏置到其完全打开位置。这样,当操作者释放击发触发器20时,偏置弹簧112将击发触发器20拉到其打开位置,从而移除对传感器110的致动,并从而停止马达65的旋转。此外,凭借偏置弹簧112,无论使用者在何时闭合击发触发器20,使用者都将受到针对闭合操作的阻力,从而为使用者提供有关马达65所施加的旋转量的反馈。另外,操作者可停止回缩击发触发器20,从而移除来自传感器100的力,并从而停止马达65。由此,使用者可停止对端部执行器12的部署,从而为操作者提供对切割/紧固操作进行控制的量度。
螺旋齿轮鼓80的远端包括驱动环形齿轮122的远侧驱动轴120,该环形齿轮122与小齿轮124配合。小齿轮124连接至主驱动轴组件的主驱动轴48。这样,马达65的旋转引起主驱动轴组件旋转,这引起端部执行器12的致动,如上所述。
以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84可包括设置在开槽臂90的狭槽88内的柱子86。开槽臂90具有开口92,所述开口的相对端94容纳连接在柄部外侧件59、60之间的枢轴销96。枢轴销96还被设置为通过击发触发器20中的开口100和中间柄部件104中的开口102。
此外,柄部6可包括反向马达传感器(或冲程结束传感器)130和止动马达(或冲程开始)传感器142。在各种实施例中,反向马达传感器130可以是位于螺旋齿轮鼓80远端处的限位开关,使得当环84到达螺旋齿轮鼓80的远端时,以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84接触并触发反向马达传感器130。当反向马达传感器130被启动时,其向马达65发送信号以倒转其旋转方向,从而在切割操作之后撤出端部执行器12的刀32。
止动马达传感器142可以是(例如)常闭限位开关。在各种实施例中,其可以位于螺旋齿轮鼓80的近端处,使得当环84到达螺旋齿轮鼓80的近端时,环84将开关142触发。
在操作过程中,当器械10的操作者拉回击发触发器20时,传感器110检测击发触发器20的部署,并且向马达65发送信号以使马达65例如以与操作者拉回击发触发器20的用力程度成比例的速率正向旋转。马达65的正向旋转继而使行星齿轮组件72远端处的环形齿轮78旋转,从而引起螺旋齿轮鼓80旋转,并引起以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84沿着螺旋齿轮鼓80朝远侧行进。如上所述,螺旋齿轮鼓80的旋转还驱动主驱动轴组件,这继而使得刀32部署在端部执行器12中。即,使得刀32和滑动件33在纵向上穿过通道22,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。另外,在使用缝合型端部执行器12的实施例中,使得端部执行器12的缝合操作发生。
待端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作完成时,螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84将到达螺旋齿轮鼓80的远端,从而引起反向马达传感器130被触发,其向马达65发送信号以使马达65倒转其旋转。这继而引起刀32回缩,并且还使螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84运动回到螺旋齿轮鼓80的近端。
中间柄部件104包括接合开槽臂90的后侧肩部106,如图8和9中最佳地示出。中间柄部件104还具有接合击发触发器20的前移止挡件107。开槽臂90的运动受到如上所述马达65的旋转的控制。当开槽臂90随着环84从螺旋齿轮鼓80的近端行进至远端而沿逆时针方向旋转时,中间柄部件104将自由地沿逆时针方向旋转。因此,随着使用者拉近击发触发器20,击发触发器20将接合中间柄部件104的前移止挡件107,从而使中间柄部件104沿逆时针方向旋转。然而,由于后侧肩部106接合开槽臂90,所以中间柄部件104将仅能够沿逆时针方向旋转直到开槽臂90允许的距离。这样,如果马达65应当出于某些原因停止旋转,则开槽臂90也将停止旋转,并且使用者将不能够进一步拉近击发触发器20,因为由于开槽臂90的缘故,中间柄部件104将不会自由地沿逆时针方向旋转。
图10A和10B示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的可用作马达运转传感器110的可变传感器的两种状态。传感器110可包括面部分280、第一电极(A)282、第二电极(B)284以及在电极282、284之间的可压缩电介质材料286(例如电活性聚合物(EAP))。传感器110可被定位成使得面部分280接触回缩时的击发触发器20。因此,当击发触发器20回缩时,电介质材料286被压缩,如图10B中示出,使得电极282、284更靠近彼此。由于电极282、284之间的距离“b”与电极282、284之间的阻抗直接相关,所以距离越远,阻抗越大,距离越近,阻抗越小。这样,由于击发触发器20的回缩而造成的电介质286被压缩的量(在图42中表示为力“F”)与电极282、284之间的阻抗成比例,这可用于成比例地控制马达65。
用于通过回缩闭合触发器18而闭合(或夹紧)端部执行器12的砧座24的示例性闭合系统的部件也在图7-10中示出。在图示实施例中,闭合系统包括通过枢轴销251连接到闭合触发器18的轭250,所述枢轴销251通过闭合触发器18和轭250二者中的对齐开口插入。闭合触发器18围绕其枢转的枢轴销252通过闭合触发器18中的另一个开口插入,该开口与销251插入通过闭合触发器18的位置错开。因此,闭合触发器18的回缩引起闭合触发器18的上部沿逆时针方向旋转,其中轭250通过销251附接到该上部。轭250的远端通过销254连接到第一闭合托架256。第一闭合托架256连接到第二闭合托架258。总体来说,闭合托架256、258限定近侧闭合管40的近端(参见图4)坐置并保持在其中的开口,使得闭合托架256、258的纵向运动引起近侧闭合管40的纵向运动。器械10还包括设置在近侧闭合管40内部的闭合杆260。闭合杆260可包括窗口261,柄部外部件中的一者(例如图示实施例中的外部下侧件59)上的柱子263设置进该窗口中,以将闭合杆260固定地连接到柄部6。这样,近侧闭合管40能够相对于闭合杆260在纵向上运动。闭合杆260也可包括远侧衬圈267,其装配到近侧脊管46中的腔体269中并通过顶盖271保持在其中(参见图4)。
在操作过程中,当轭250由于闭合触发器18的回缩而旋转时,闭合托架256、258引起近侧闭合管40朝远侧运动(即,远离器械10的柄部末端),这引起远侧闭合管42朝远侧运动,从而引起砧座24围绕枢轴销25旋转进夹紧或闭合位置。当闭合触发器18从锁定位置解锁时,引起近侧闭合管40向近侧滑动,这引起远侧闭合管42向近侧滑动,这凭借突出部27插入远侧闭合管42的窗口45中,从而引起砧座24围绕枢轴销25枢转进打开或未夹紧位置。这样,通过回缩和锁定闭合触发器18,操作者便可以夹紧在砧座24和通道22之间的组织,并且可在切割/缝合操作之后通过将闭合触发器20从锁定位置解锁而松开组织。
图11为根据本发明的各种实施例的器械10的电路的示意图;当操作者在锁定闭合触发器18之后最初拉入击发触发器20时,传感器110被启动,从而允许电流经由其流过。如果常开反向马达传感器开关130打开(意指尚未到达端部执行器冲程的末端),则电流将流到单刀双掷继电器132。由于反向马达传感器开关130不是闭合的,所以继电器132的电感器134将不通电,因此继电器132将处于其非通电状态。电路还包括仓闭锁传感器136。如果端部执行器12包括钉仓34,则传感器136将处于闭合状态,以允许电流流过。否则,如果端部执行器12不包括钉仓34,则传感器136将打开,从而阻止电池64为马达65供电。
当钉仓34存在时,传感器136闭合,从而使单刀单掷继电器138通电。当继电器138通电时,电流流过继电器136、流过可变电阻器传感器110,然后通过双刀双掷继电器140到达马达65,从而为马达65供电并允许其正向旋转。
当端部执行器12到达其冲程的末端时,反向马达传感器130将被启动,从而闭合开关130并且为继电器134供电。这使继电器134呈现其通电状态(图13中未示出),从而使电流绕过仓闭锁传感器136和可变电阻器110,并且作为使电流流到常闭双刀双掷继电器142并返回马达65的代替,使电流以通过继电器140的方式引起马达65倒转其旋转方向。
因为止动马达传感器开关142是常闭的,所以电流将流回到继电器134以保持其闭合,直到开关142打开为止。当刀32完全回缩时,止动马达传感器开关142被启动,引起开关142打开,从而将电能从马达65移除。
在其他实施例中,可以使用通断型传感器,而不是比例型传感器110。在此类实施例中,马达65的转速与操作者施加的力可能不成比例。相反,马达65将通常以恒定速率旋转。但操作者将仍能感受到力反馈,因为击发触发器20接合到齿轮传动系中。
图12为根据另一个实施例的动力辅助机动化直线切割器的柄部6的侧视图。图12的实施例类似于图7-10的实施例,不同的是在图12的实施例中,不存在连接至以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84的开槽臂。相反,在图12的实施例中,环84包括随着环84在螺旋齿轮鼓80上向下推进(并且返回)而与环84一起运动的传感器部分114。传感器部分114包括凹口116。反向马达传感器130可以位于凹口116的远端处,并且止动马达传感器142可位于凹口116的近端处。当环84使螺旋齿轮鼓80向下运动(并且返回)时,传感器部分114随之运动。另外,如图12中所示出,中间件104可具有延伸进凹口12的臂118。
在操作过程中,随着器械10的操作者朝向手枪式握把26回缩击发触发器20,马达运转传感器110检测运动并且发送信号以对马达65供电,这除了别的之外,引起螺旋齿轮鼓80旋转。随着螺旋齿轮鼓80旋转,以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84推进(或回缩,取决于旋转)。另外,由于击发触发器20的拉入,因为存在接合击发触发器20的前移止挡件107,引起中间件104与击发触发器20一起沿逆时针方向旋转。中间件104沿逆时针方向的旋转引起臂118与环84的传感器部分114一起逆时针旋转,使得臂118保持设置在凹口116中。当环84到达螺旋齿轮鼓80的远端时,臂118将接触并从而触发反向马达传感器130。相似地,当环84到达螺旋齿轮鼓80的近端时,臂将接触并从而触发止动马达传感器142。此类动作可分别如上所述倒转和停止马达65。
图13为根据另一个实施例的动力辅助机动化直线切割器的柄部6的侧视图。图13的实施例类似于图7-10的实施例,不同的是在图13的实施例中,臂90中不存在狭槽。相反,以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84包括竖直通道126。臂90不再具有狭槽,而是包括设置在通道126中的柱子128。随着螺旋齿轮鼓80旋转,以螺纹方式接合在螺旋齿轮鼓80上的环84推进(或回缩,取决于旋转)。由于设置在通道126中的柱子128,臂90随着环84推进而沿逆时针方向旋转,如图13中所示出。
如上所述,在二冲程机动化器械的使用过程中,操作者首先拉回并锁定闭合触发器18。图14和15示出了将闭合触发器18锁定至柄部6的手枪式握把部26的方式的一个实施例。在图示实施例中,手枪式握把部26包括通过扭转弹簧152被偏置为绕枢轴点151以逆时针方向旋转的钩150。另外,闭合触发器18包括闭合杆154。当操作者拉近闭合触发器18时,闭合杆154接合钩150的倾斜部分156,从而使钩150向上(或在图14-15中沿顺时针方向)旋转,直到闭合杆154完全通过倾斜部分156并进入钩150的凹陷凹口158,这将闭合触发器18锁定就位。操作者可通过向下推动手枪式握把部26背部或相对侧上的滑动按钮释放件160,而释放闭合触发器18。向下推动滑动按钮释放件160使钩150顺时针旋转,使得闭合杆154从凹陷凹口158释放。
图16示出了根据各种实施例的另一个闭合触发器锁定机构。在图16的实施例中,闭合触发器18包括具有箭头部分161的楔形件160。箭头部分161通过片簧162向下(或沿顺时针)偏置。楔形件160和片簧162可以由例如模制塑料制成。当闭合触发器18回缩时,箭头部分161穿过柄部6的手枪式握把部26中的开口164插入。箭头部分161的下斜切面166接合开口164的下侧壁168,从而迫使箭头部分161沿逆时针方向旋转。最终,下斜切面166完全通过下侧壁168,施加在箭头部分161上的逆时针方向力得以移除,从而引起下侧壁168滑入位于箭头部分161后面凹口170中的锁定位置。
为了使闭合触发器18解锁,使用者按下闭合触发器18的相对侧上的按钮172,引起箭头部分161沿逆时针方向旋转并允许箭头部分161滑出开口164。
图17-22示出了根据另一个实施例的闭合触发器锁定机构。如该实施例中所示出,闭合触发器18包括柔性纵向臂176,该柔性纵向臂176包括从其延伸的侧向销178。臂176和销178可以由例如模制塑料制成。柄部6的手枪式握把部26包括具有设置于其中的侧向延伸楔形件182的开口180。当闭合触发器18回缩时,销178接合楔形件182,并且销178受到楔形件182下表面184的向下压力(即,臂176沿顺时针方向旋转),如图17和18中所示出。当销178完全通过下表面184时,施加在臂176上的顺时针力得以移除,并且销178沿逆时针方向旋转,使得销178安置在楔形件182后面的凹口186中,如图19中所示出,从而锁定闭合触发器18。销178还通过从楔形件184延伸的柔性止挡件188被固定在锁定位置就位。
为了使闭合触发器18解锁,操作者可进一步挤压闭合触发器18,引起销178接合开口180的倾斜后壁190,并迫使销178向上经过柔性止挡件188,如图20和21中所示出。然后销178自由行进到开口180中的上部通道192之外,使得闭合触发器18不再锁定到手枪式握把部26,如图22中所示出。
图23A-B示出了万向接头(“u形接头”)195。u形接头195的第二件195-2在第一件195-1所处的水平面中旋转。图23A示出了线性(180°)取向的u形接头195,图23B示出了以大约150°取向的u形接头195。u形接头195可用于取代在主驱动轴组件的关节运动点14处的锥齿轮52a-c(参见例如图4),以使端部执行器12进行关节运动。图24A-B示出了可用于代替锥齿轮52a-c和u形接头195二者以实现端部执行器12的关节运动的扭转缆线197。
图25-31示出了根据本发明的另一个实施例的具有动力辅助的机动化二冲程外科切割和紧固器械10的另一个实施例。图25-31的实施例类似于图6-10的实施例,不同的是图23-28的实施例不再包括螺旋齿轮鼓80,而是包括可供选择的齿轮传动组件。图25-31的实施例包括齿轮箱组件200,该齿轮箱组件200包括设置于框架201中的多个齿轮,其中所述齿轮在驱动轴48的近端处连接在行星齿轮72和小齿轮124之间。如下面进一步说明,齿轮箱组件200通过击发触发器20为使用者提供关于端部执行器12的部署和加载力的反馈。另外,使用者可通过齿轮箱组件200为系统提供动力,以帮助部署端部执行器12。在这层意义上,与上述实施例类似,图23-32的实施例为另一个动力辅助机动化器械10,其为使用者提供关于器械经受的加载力的反馈。
在图示实施例中,击发触发器20包括两个件:主体部分202和刚性部分204。主体部分202可由例如塑料制成,并且刚性部分204可由刚性更强的材料例如金属制成。在图示实施例中,刚性部分204邻近主体部分202,但根据其他实施例,刚性部分204可以设置在主体部分202内部。枢轴销207可通过击发触发器件202、204中的开口插入,并且可以是击发触发器20旋转所围绕的点。此外,弹簧222可偏置击发触发器20,以使其沿逆时针方向旋转。弹簧222可具有连接到销224的远端,所述销224连接到击发触发器20的件202、204。弹簧222的近端可连接到柄部外部下侧件59、60中的一者。
在图示实施例中,主体部分202和刚性部分204二者(分别)包括在它们的上端部分处的齿轮部分206、208。齿轮部分206、208接合齿轮箱组件200中的齿轮,如将在下文中说明,以驱动主驱动轴组件,并且为使用者提供关于端部执行器12的部署的反馈。
齿轮箱组件200可包括如图示实施例中所示出的六(6)个齿轮。齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210接合击发触发器20的齿轮部分206、208。此外,第一齿轮210接合较小的第二齿轮212,所述较小的第二齿轮212与大的第三齿轮214同轴。第三齿轮214接合较小的第四齿轮216,所述较小的第四齿轮与第五齿轮218同轴。第五齿轮218为90°锥齿轮,其接合配合的90°锥齿轮220(在图31中最佳地示出),该90°锥齿轮220连接到驱动主驱动轴48的小齿轮124。
在操作过程中,当使用者回缩击发触发器20时,马达运转传感器(未示出)被启动,其可向马达65提供信号以使马达以与操作者回缩击发触发器20的程度或力成比例的速率旋转。这引起马达65以与来自传感器的信号成比例的速度旋转。该实施例的传感器未示出,但所述传感器可能类似于上述的马达运转传感器110。传感器可位于柄部6中,使得其在击发触发器20回缩时被按下。另外,可以使用通断型传感器而不是比例型传感器。
马达65的旋转引起锥齿轮68、70旋转,这引起行星齿轮72旋转,其继而通过驱动轴76引起环形齿轮122旋转。环形齿轮122啮合小齿轮124,该小齿轮124连接到主驱动轴48。因此,小齿轮124的旋转驱动主驱动轴48,这引起对端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作的致动。
小齿轮124的正向旋转继而引起锥齿轮220旋转,其经由齿轮箱组件200的其余齿轮引起第一齿轮210旋转。第一齿轮210接合击发触发器20的齿轮部分206、208,从而当马达65为端部执行器12提供正向驱动时,引起击发触发器20沿逆时针方向旋转(并且当马达65反向旋转以使端部执行器12回缩时,引起击发触发器20沿逆时针方向旋转)。这样,使用者经由其对击发触发器20的抓握而感受到关于端部执行器12的加载力和部署的反馈。因此,当使用者回缩击发触发器20时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器12所经受的加载力相关的阻力。相似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器20使得其能够返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器20的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达65的反转速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在该实施例中,使用者可通过回缩击发触发器20而施加力(代替或补充来自马达65的力),以致动主驱动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作)。即,回缩击发触发器20引起齿轮部分206、208沿逆时针方向旋转,这引起齿轮箱组件200的齿轮旋转,从而引起小齿轮124旋转,继而引起主驱动轴48旋转。
虽然图25-31中未示出,但是器械10还可以包括反向马达和止动马达传感器。如上所述,反向马达和止动马达传感器可分别检测切割冲程的结束(刀32完全部署)和回缩操作的结束(刀32完全回缩)。上面结合图11描述的类似电路可用于适当地给马达65供电。
图32-36示出了根据另一个实施例的具有动力辅助的二冲程机动化外科切割和紧固器械10。图32-36的实施例类似于图25-31的实施例,不同的是在图32-36的实施例中,击发触发器20包括下部228和上部230。两个部分228、230连接到枢轴销207并围绕枢轴销207枢转,该枢轴销207被设置为穿过每个部分228、230。上部230包括接合齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210的齿轮部分232。弹簧222连接至上部230,使得上部被偏置为沿顺时针方向旋转。上部230还可以包括接触击发触发器20的下部228的上表面的下臂234,使得当引起上部230顺时针旋转时,下部228也顺时针旋转,并且当下部228逆时针旋转时,上部230也逆时针旋转。相似地,下部228包括接合上部230的肩部的旋转止挡件238。这样,当使上部230沿逆时针方向旋转时,下部228也沿逆时针方向旋转,并且当下部228沿顺时针方向旋转时,上部230也沿顺时针方向旋转。
图示实施例还包括向马达65传送信号的马达运转传感器110,在各种实施例中,当回缩击发触发器20时,马达运转传感器110可引起马达65按照与操作者所施加的力成比例的速度旋转。传感器110可以是例如变阻器或某些其他可变电阻传感器,如本文中说明。此外,器械10可包括当与击发触发器20的上部230的正面242接触时被触发或切换的反向马达传感器130。当被启动时,反向马达传感器130将信号发送至马达65以使其反向。另外,器械10可包括当与击发触发器20的下部228接触时被触发或致动的止动马达传感器142。当被启动时,止动马达传感器142发送信号以停止马达65的反向旋转。
在操作过程中,当操作者将闭合触发器18回缩到锁定位置时,击发触发器20稍微回缩(通过本领域中包括授予Frederick Shelton,IV等人的美国专利No.6,978,921和授予Jeffery S.Swayze等人的美国专利No.6,905,057中已知的机构,这些专利均以引用的方式并入本文),使得使用者可握持击发触发器20以引发切割/缝合操作,如图32和33中所示出。此时,如图33中所示出,击发触发器20的上部230的齿轮部分232运动到与齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210接合。当操作者回缩击发触发器20时,根据各种实施例,在触发马达运转传感器110之前,击发触发器20可旋转少许,例如五度,如图34中所示出。传感器110被启动引起马达65按照与操作者所施加的回缩力成比例的速率正向旋转。马达65的正向旋转使得(如上所述)主驱动轴48旋转,这引起端部执行器12中的刀32得到部署(即,开始穿过通道22)。连接至主驱动轴48的小齿轮124的旋转使得齿轮箱组件200中的齿轮210-220发生旋转。由于第一齿轮210与击发触发器20的上部230的齿轮部分232接合,所以引起上部232沿逆时针方向旋转,这引起下部228也沿逆时针方向旋转。
当刀32被完全部署时(即,在切割冲程的结束处),上部230的正面242触发反向马达传感器130,该传感器将信号发送给马达65,以使其倒转旋转方向。这使得主驱动轴组件倒转旋转方向,以使刀32回缩。主驱动轴组件的反向旋转还引起齿轮箱组件中的齿轮210-220倒转方向,这会引起击发触发器20的上部230沿顺时针方向旋转,继而引起击发触发器20的下部228沿顺时针方向旋转,直到当刀32完全回缩时下部228触发或致动止动马达传感器142,从而使马达65停止。这样,使用者经由其对击发触发器20的抓握而感受到关于端部执行器12的部署的反馈。因此,当使用者回缩击发触发器20时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器12的部署相关的阻力,尤其是与刀32经受的加载力相关的阻力。相似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器20时使得其能够返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器20的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达65的反转速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在该实施例中,使用者可通过回缩击发触发器20而施加力(代替或补充来自马达65的力),以致动主驱动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作)。即,回缩击发触发器20引起上部230的齿轮部分232沿逆时针方向旋转,这引起齿轮箱组件200的齿轮旋转,从而引起小齿轮124旋转,继而引起主驱动轴组件旋转。
上述实施例针对二冲程机动化外科切割和紧固器械采用具有或不具有自适应控制(如使用在马达65、齿轮传动系和端部执行器12的闭环系统外部的传感器110、130和142)的动力辅助使用者反馈系统。即,凭借(直接或间接地)接合到位于马达65和主驱动轴48之间的齿轮传动系中的击发触发器20,可将使用者回缩击发触发器20所施加的力添加到马达65所施加的力。在本发明的其他实施例中,可对使用者提供关于刀32在端部执行器中的位置(但无需使击发触发器20接合到齿轮传动系中)的触觉反馈。图37-40示出了具有此类触觉位置反馈系统的机动化外科切割和紧固器械。
在图37-40的图示实施例中,击发触发器20可具有下部228和上部230,类似于图32-36中示出的器械10。然而,与图32-36的实施例不同的是,上部230不具有与齿轮传动系的部件配合的齿轮部分。相反,器械包括具有以螺纹方式接合在其中的螺杆266的第二马达265。当马达265旋转时,螺杆266纵向往复进出(取决于旋转的方向)马达265。器械10还包括编码器268,其响应于主驱动轴48的旋转将主驱动轴48(或主驱动组件的其他部件)的增量角运动转化成例如对应的一系列数字信号。在图示实施例中,小齿轮124包括连接至编码器268的近侧驱动轴270。
器械10还包括控制电路(未示出),其可以使用微控制器或者一些其他类型的集成电路来实现,从编码器268接收数字信号。根据来自编码器268的信号,控制电路可以计算刀32在端部执行器12中部署的阶段。也就是说,控制电路可计算刀32是否完全部署、完全回缩或者在中间阶段。基于端部执行器12的部署阶段的计算,控制电路可将信号发送到第二马达265以控制其旋转,从而控制螺杆266的往复运动。
在操作过程中,如图37中所示出,当闭合触发器18没有被锁定在夹紧位置中时,击发触发器20旋转离开柄部6的手枪式握把部26,使得击发触发器20的上部230的正面242不与螺杆266的近端接触。当操作者回缩闭合触发器18并将其锁定在夹紧位置中时,击发触发器20略微朝向闭合触发器20旋转,使得操作者可握持击发触发器20,如图38中所示。在该位置中,上部230的正面242与螺杆266的近端接触。
当使用者然后回缩击发触发器20时,在初始旋转量(如5度的旋转)之后,马达运转传感器110可被启动使得,如上所述,传感器110将信号发送至马达65,引起其以与由操作者施加到击发触发器20的回缩力的量成比例的正向速度旋转。马达65的正向旋转经由齿轮传动系引起主驱动轴48旋转,这引起刀32和滑动件33沿着通道22向下行进,并且切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。控制电路接收来自编码器268的关于主驱动轴组件的增量旋转的输出信号,并发送信号到第二马达265,引起第二马达265旋转,从而引起螺杆266回缩进马达265中。这允许击发触发器20的上部230逆时针旋转,这使击发触发器的下部228也逆时针旋转。这样,由于螺杆266的往复运动与主驱动轴组件的旋转相关,所以器械10的操作者能够通过他/她握持击发触发器20来感受有关端部执行器12的位置的触觉反馈。然而,由操作者施加的回缩力没有直接影响主驱动轴组件的驱动,因为击发触发器20没有接合到该实施例中的齿轮传动系中。
借助通过来自编码器268的输出信号对主驱动轴组件的增量旋转进行追踪,控制电路可计算刀32何时完全部署(即,完全延伸)。在这一点,控制电路可发送信号到马达65以使其反转,从而引起刀32回缩。马达65的反向引起主驱动轴组件的旋转反向,这也由编码器268检测。基于由编码器268检测的反向旋转,控制电路发送信号至第二马达265以引起其倒转旋转方向,使得螺杆266开始从马达265纵向延伸。这种运动促使击发触发器20的上部230顺时针旋转,引起下部228顺时针旋转。这样,操作者可感受来自击发触发器20的顺时针力,其为操作者提供了关于刀32在端部执行器12中的回缩位置的反馈。控制电路可确定刀32何时完全回缩。在这一点,控制电路可发送信号至马达65以使其停止旋转。
根据不使用控制电路确定刀32的位置的其他实施例,可使用反向马达和止动马达传感器,如上所述。此外,不使用比例传感器110控制马达65的旋转,而可使用通断开关或者传感器。在此类实施例中,操作者将不能控制马达65的旋转速率。而是,其可以预编程速率旋转。
图41-43示出了机械致动的直线切割器的示例性实施例,尤其是其柄部6、轴8和端部执行器12。机械致动的直线切割器的进一步细节可见于名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating A Multi-Stroke FiringMechanism With Automatic End Of Firing Travel Retraction”的美国专利申请序列号11/052,632,其以引用的方式并入本文。参见图41,端部执行器12首先通过包括连接到砧座近端1004的砧座面1002而响应来自柄部6(图41中未示出)的闭合运动,该砧座近端1004包括侧向突出的砧座枢轴销25,该枢轴销25邻近竖直突出的砧座突出部27。砧座枢轴销25在钉通道22中的肾形开口1006内平移,以将砧座24相对于通道22打开和闭合。突出部27接合弯曲的突出部1007,该弯曲的突出部在闭合管1005的远端1008上的突出部开口45中向内延伸,并在远侧终止于推压砧座面1002的远侧边缘1008中。因此,当闭合管1005从其打开位置朝近侧运动时,闭合管1005的弯曲突出部1007朝近侧牵拉砧座突出部27,并且砧座枢轴销25符合钉通道22的肾形开口1006,引起砧座24同时朝近侧平移并向上旋转至打开位置。当闭合管1005朝远侧运动时,突出部开口45中的弯曲突出部1007从砧座突出部27释放,并且远侧边缘1008推压砧座面1002,从而闭合砧座24。
继续参见图41,轴8和端部执行器12还包括响应击发连杆1010的击发运动的部件。具体地讲,击发连杆1010旋转地接合具有纵向凹槽1014的击发槽构件1012。击发槽构件1012直接响应击发连杆1010的纵向运动而在框架1016内纵向运动。闭合管1005中的纵向狭槽1018操作地与柄部6(图41中未示出)的右外侧柄部件61和左外侧柄部件62联接。闭合管1005中纵向狭槽1018的长度足够长以允许与柄部件61、62发生相对纵向运动,从而实现分别与柄部件61、62联接而进行的击发和闭合运动,所述柄部件61、62穿过框架1016中的纵向狭槽1020,以滑动地接合框架槽构件1012中的纵向凹槽1014。
框架槽构件1012的远端附接到在框架1016内,尤其是在其中的导向件1024内运动的击发杆1022的近端,以使刀32朝远侧突出进入端部执行器12。端部执行器12包括通过刀32致动的钉仓34。钉仓34具有保持钉仓体1030、楔形滑动件驱动器33、钉驱动器1034和钉1036的托盘1028。应当理解,楔形滑动件驱动器33在位于仓托盘1028和仓体1030之间的击发凹槽(未示出)内纵向运动。楔形滑动件驱动器33呈现接触并向上提升钉驱动器1034从而驱动钉1036的凸轮表面。钉仓体1030还包括供刀32通过的朝近侧打开的竖直狭槽1031。特别地,切割表面1027沿着刀32的远端提供,用于在组织被缝合后对其进行切割。
应当理解,轴8在图4中示出为非关节运动的轴。然而,本发明的应用可以包括能够进行关节运动的器械,例如,如上面结合图1-4所示,并且在以下美国专利和专利申请中有所描述(每个专利的公开内容均据此全文以引用方式并入):(1)提交于2003年7月9日的Frederick E.Shelton IV、Brian J.Hemmelgarn、Jeffrey S.Swayze、Kenneth S.Wales的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATIONMECHANISM HAVING ROTATION ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS”的美国专利申请公开No.2005/0006434;(2)授予Brian J.Hemmelgarn的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING ANARTICULATION JOINT FOR A FIRING BAR TRACK”的美国专利No.6,786,382;(3)授予Jeffrey S.Swayze的名称为“A SURGICALINSTRUMENT WITH A LATERAL-MOVING ARTICULATION CONTROL”的美国专利No.6,981,628;(4)授予Frederick E.Shelton IV、Michael Setser、Bruce Weisenburgh II的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTINCORPORATING A TAPERED FIRING BAR FOR INCREASEDFLEXIBILITY AROUND THE ARTICULATION JOINT”的美国专利No.6,964,363;以及(5)提交于2003年7月9日的授予Jeffrey S.Swayze、JosephCharles Hueil的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVINGARTICULATION JOINT SUPPORT PLATES FOR SUPPORTING A FIRINGBAR”的美国专利申请公开No.2005/0006431
图42-43示出了能够用于机械致动直线切割器中的柄部6的实施例,连同如上在图41中示出的轴8和端部执行器12的实施例。应当理解,任何合适的柄部设计均可用于机械闭合和击发端部执行器12。在图42-43中,外科缝合和切断器械10的柄部6包括提供例如强度增大、柄部尺寸减小、粘合最小化等特征的连杆式传动击发机构1060。
端部执行器12的闭合(图42-43中未示出)通过将闭合触发器18朝向柄部6的手枪式握把26压下而引起。闭合触发器18围绕闭合枢轴销252枢转,该闭合枢轴销252联接到柄部6的右外部下侧件59和左外部下侧件60,从而使闭合触发器18的上部1094向前运动。闭合管1005通过闭合轭250接收该闭合运动,所述闭合轭250分别通过闭合轭销1044和闭合连杆销1046销接至闭合连杆1042和闭合触发器18的上部1094。
在图42的完全打开位置中,闭合触发器18的上部1094接触枢转闭合释放按钮30的锁定臂1048并将其保持在所示位置。当闭合触发器18到达其完全压下位置时,闭合触发器18释放锁定臂1048,并且邻接表面1050旋转以接合枢转锁定臂1048的远侧向右凹口1052,从而将闭合触发器18保持在该夹紧或闭合位置。锁定臂1048的近端与件59、60一起围绕侧向枢转连接部1054枢转,以暴露闭合释放按钮30。通过压缩弹簧1058朝近侧推进闭合释放按钮30的中间远侧1056,该压缩弹簧1058在外壳结构1040和闭合释放按钮30之间压缩。结果是闭合释放按钮30推进锁定臂1048逆时针旋转(当从左侧观察时)以锁定接触闭合触发器18的邻接表面1050,这在连杆式传动击发系统1040处于非回缩状况时防止闭合触发器18松开。
随着闭合触发器18回缩和完全压下,击发触发器20解锁,并且在该实施例中可能被多次朝着手枪式握把26压下,以实现端部执行器12的击发。如图所示,连杆式传动击发机构1060开始回缩,通过组合拉伸/压缩弹簧1062被迫保持在该位置,该组合拉伸/压缩弹簧被限制在柄部6的手枪式握把26内,其非运动端部1063连接到件59、60,且运动端部1064连接到钢带1066的向下挠曲和近侧回缩端部1067。
钢带1066的设置于远侧的端部1068附接到用于结构加载的连杆联接件1070,该连杆联接件1070继而附接到形成连杆式齿条1074的多个连杆1072a-1072d的前连杆1072a。连杆式齿条1074是柔性的,但具有形成直的刚性齿条组件的远侧连杆,所述直的刚性齿条组件可通过轴6中的击发连杆1010传递显著的击发力,但易于回缩进手枪式握把26中以使柄部6的纵向长度最小化。应当理解,组合拉伸/压缩弹簧1062增大可用的击发行程量,同时将单根弹簧的最小长度基本上减小一半。
击发触发器20围绕连接到柄部件59、60的击发触发器销96枢转。击发触发器20的上部228随着击发触发器20朝着手枪式握把26压下而围绕击发触发器销96朝远侧运动,从而将朝近侧放置的击发触发器拉伸弹簧222朝近侧拉伸,该击发触发器拉伸弹簧连接在击发触发器20的上部228和件59、60之间。在通过牵引偏置机构1078进行的对击发触发器的每次按压期间,击发触发器20的上部228均接合连杆式齿条1074,所述牵引偏置机构1078在击发触发器20释放时也脱离。当释放和脱离牵引偏置机构1078时,击发触发器拉伸弹簧222将击发触发器20朝远侧推进。
当连杆式传动击发机构1040致动时,空转齿轮1080通过与连杆式齿条1074的齿状上表面1082接合而顺时针旋转(当从左侧观察时)。该旋转联接到指示器齿轮1084,所述指示器齿轮因此响应空转齿轮1080而逆时针旋转。空转齿轮1080和指示器齿轮1084二者均可旋转地连接到柄部6的件59、60。可有利地选择连杆式齿条1074、空转齿轮1080和指示器齿轮1084之间的齿轮关系,使得齿状上表面1082具有强度适当的齿尺寸,并且使得在连杆式传动击发机构1060的完全击发行程期间,指示器齿轮1084的转动不超过一圈。
如下面更详细地描述,指示器齿轮1084执行至少四种功能。第一,当连杆式齿条1074完全回缩并且两个触发器18、20均打开时(如图42中示出),指示器齿轮1084左侧上圆形脊1088中的开口1086出现在锁定臂1048的上表面1090中。锁定臂1048通过与闭合触发器18接触而偏置进开口1086中,继而通过闭合拉伸弹簧1092而被推进至打开位置。闭合触发器拉伸弹簧1092朝近侧连接到闭合触发器18的上部1094和柄部件59、60,因此具有在闭合触发器18的闭合期间所存储的能量,该能量将闭合触发器18朝远侧推进至其非闭合位置。
指示器齿轮1084的第二功能是其连接到设置于柄部6外侧上的指示回缩旋钮1096。因此,指示器齿轮1084将击发机构1060的相对位置传送至指示回缩旋钮1096,以便给予外科医生击发触发器20完成击发所需的冲程次数的视觉指示。
指示器齿轮1084的第三功能是随着外科缝合和切断器械10的操作而纵向且成角度地使抗回退机构(单向离合机构)1097的抗回退释放杠杆1098运动。在击发冲程期间,抗回退释放杠杆1098通过指示器齿轮1084的近侧运动启动抗回退机构1097,从而允许击发杆1010的远侧运动并防止击发杆1010的近侧运动。如果连杆式传动击发机构1060在击发冲程期间需要回缩,则该运动还使抗回退释放按钮1100从柄部件59、60的近端延伸以供操作者致动。在击发冲程完成后,指示器齿轮1084随着击发机构1060回缩而倒转旋转方向。反向旋转使抗回退机构1097停用、将抗回退释放按钮1100撤回到柄部6中,并且侧向地旋转抗回退释放杠杆1098至右侧以允许指示器齿轮1084继续反向旋转。
指示器齿轮1084的第四功能是接收来自指示回缩旋钮1096的手动旋转(在图42中以顺时针方向描述)以回缩击发机构1060且使抗回退机构1097解锁,从而解决组合拉伸/压缩弹簧1062不易克服的击发机构1060中的任何粘合。该手动回缩辅助可在击发机构1060的部分击发后采用,该部分击发原本是撤回抗回退释放按钮1100的抗回退机构1097可以避免的,使得抗回退释放按钮可能不会侧向地使抗回退释放杠杆1098运动。
继续参见图42-43,抗回退机构1097由操作者可触及的抗回退释放杠杆1098构成,该抗回退释放杠杆在抗回退释放按钮1100的近端处以及抗回退轭1102的远端处操作地联接。具体地讲,抗回退释放杠杆1098的远端1099通过抗回退轭销1104接合至抗回退轭1102。抗回退轭1102在纵向上运动,以将旋转赋予抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106,该抗回退凸轮狭槽管被柄部件59、90纵向约束并且在远侧包围击发连杆1010,以将击发连杆1010连接到连杆式齿条1074的连杆联接件1070。抗回退轭1102将来自抗回退释放杠杆1098的纵向运动通过凸轮狭槽管销1108传送给抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106。也就是说,凸轮狭槽管销1108在抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106的成角度狭槽中的纵向运动使抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106旋转。
被捕获在框架1016的近端和抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106之间的分别是抗回退压缩弹簧1110、抗回退板1112和抗回退凸轮管1114。如图所示,击发连杆1010的近侧运动引起抗回退板1112从顶部枢转至背部,从而呈现出对击发连杆1010的摩擦接触增大,以抵抗击发连杆1010的进一步近侧运动。
该抗回退板1112以类似于纱门门锁的方式枢转,该纱门门锁在抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106与抗回退凸轮管1114紧密间隔时保持纱门打开。具体地讲,抗回退压缩弹簧1110能够作用于板1112的顶部表面,以使抗回退板1112倾斜至其锁定位置。抗回退凸轮狭槽管1106的旋转引起抗回退凸轮管1114的远侧凸轮运动,从而迫使抗回退板1112的顶部朝远侧运动,以克服来自抗回退压缩弹簧1110的力,从而将抗回退板1112定位于未倾斜的(垂直)解锁位置,以允许击发连杆1010朝近侧回缩。
具体参考图43,将牵引偏置机构1078描述为由制转杆1116构成,该制转杆在其近端处具有朝远侧突出的狭窄尖端1118和向右侧突出的侧向销1120,该近端可旋转地通过击发触发器20上部230中的孔1076插入。在击发触发器20的右侧上,侧向销1120容纳被描述为偏置轮1122的偏置构件。随着击发触发器20在纵长上平移,偏置轮1122横贯邻近柄部6的右半件59的弧,从而在其行程的远侧部分处越出整体形成于右半件59中的偏置滑道1124。偏置轮1122可有利地由有回弹力的摩擦材料形成,该有回弹力的摩擦材料引起逆时针旋转(当从左边观察时)进入制转杆1116的侧向销1120,从而牵引偏置朝远侧突出的狭窄尖端1118向下进入最近连杆1072a-d的倾斜中央轨道1075,以接合连杆式齿条1074。
当击发触发器20被释放时,偏置轮1122从而以相对方向牵引偏置制转杆1116,因此将狭窄尖端1118从连杆式齿条1074的倾斜中央轨道1075提起。为确保尖端1118在高负载状况下以及在制转杆1116的几乎整个远侧行程中脱离,制转杆1116的右侧倾斜上升到闭合轭250右侧上的面朝近侧且面朝上的斜面1126上,以使狭窄尖端1118从倾斜中央轨道1075脱离。如果击发触发器20在除整个行程之外的任何点处释放,则使用偏置轮1122将狭窄尖端1118从倾斜中央轨道1075提起。然而当描述偏置轮1122时,应当理解,偏置构件或偏置轮1122的形状是示例性的,并且可以改变以适应使用摩擦或牵引以接合或脱离端部执行器12的击发的多个形状。
外科器械10的各种实施例具有在使用中的一个或多个时间点记录器械状况的能力。图44示出了用于记录器械10的状况的系统2000的方框图。应当理解,系统2000可在例如如上结合图1-40所述,具有机动化或马达辅助的击发的器械10的实施例中,以及例如如上结合图41-43所述,具有机械致动的击发的器械10的实施例中实现。
系统2000可包括用于感测器械状况的各种传感器2002、2004、2006、2008、2010、2012。传感器可定位在例如器械10之上或之内。在各种实施例中,传感器可以是仅为系统2000提供输出的专用传感器,或可以是在器械10中执行其他功能的两用传感器。例如,上述传感器110、130、142可以还能够为系统2000提供输出。
每个传感器直接或间接地为存储装置2001提供信号,该存储装置记录如下文所详述的信号。存储装置2001可以是能够存储或记录传感器信号的任何类型的装置。例如,存储装置2001可包括微处理器、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)或任何其他合适的存储装置。存储装置2001可以以任何合适的方式记录由传感器提供的信号。例如,在一个实施例中,当来自特定传感器的信号改变状态时,存储装置2001可以记录该信号。在另一个实施例中,当来自任何传感器的信号改变状态时,存储装置2001可记录系统2000的状态,如来自包括于系统2000中的所有传感器的信号。这可以提供器械10状态的快照。在各种实施例中,存储装置2001和/或传感器可以被实施为包括购自DALLAS SEMICONDUCTOR的1-WIRE总线产品,例如1-WIRE EEPROM。
在各种实施例中,存储装置2001是可外部访问的,从而允许外部装置(例如计算机)访问由存储装置2001记录的器械状况。例如,存储装置2001可包括数据端口2020。数据端口2020可根据采用例如串行或并行格式的任何有线或无线连通协议提供存储的器械状况。除输出端口2020之外或作为输出端口2020的替代,存储装置2001还可以包括可移除介质2021。可移除介质2021可以是能够从器械10移除的任何类型的合适数据存储装置。例如,可移除介质2021可以包括任何合适类型的闪速存储器,例如个人计算机存储卡国际协会(PCMCIA)卡、压缩闪存卡、多媒体卡、闪速媒体卡等。可移除介质2021还可以包括任何合适类型的磁盘式存储器,包括例如便携式硬盘驱动器、光盘(CD)、数字化视频光盘(DVD)等。
闭合触发器传感器2002感测闭合触发器18的状况。图45和46示出了闭合触发器传感器2002的示例性实施例。在图45和46中,闭合触发器传感器2002定位在闭合触发器18和闭合枢轴销252之间。应当理解,将闭合触发器18朝向手枪式握把26牵拉引起闭合触发器18对闭合枢轴销252施加力。传感器2002可以对该力敏感,并且产生响应其的信号,例如如上文针对传感器110以及图10A和10B所述。在各种实施例中,闭合触发器传感器2002可以是仅指示闭合触发器18是否被致动的数字传感器。在其他各种实施例中,闭合触发器传感器2002可以是指示对闭合触发器18施加的力和/或闭合触发器18的位置的模拟传感器。如果闭合触发器传感器2002是模拟传感器,则可将模数转换器逻辑地定位在传感器2002和存储装置2001之间。另外,应当理解,闭合触发器传感器2002可采取任何合适的形式,并且被放置在允许感测闭合触发器状况的任何合适的位置处。
砧座闭合传感器2004可感测砧座24是否闭合。图47示出了示例性的砧座闭合传感器2004。如图所示,传感器2004定位在紧接着钉通道22的肾形开口1006的位置或该肾形开口内。当砧座24闭合时,砧座枢轴销25滑动穿过肾形开口1006并与传感器2004接触,从而使传感器2004产生指示砧座24闭合的信号。传感器2004可以是任何合适类型的数字或模拟传感器,包括接近传感器等。应当理解,当砧座闭合传感器2004为模拟传感器时,可逻辑地包括在传感器2004和存储装置2001之间的模数转换器。
砧座闭合负载传感器2006被示出为放置在钉通道22的内侧底部表面上。在使用中,传感器2006可以与钉仓34的底侧面接触(图46中未示出)。当砧座24闭合时,其对钉仓34施加力,所述力被转移到传感器2006。作为响应,传感器2006产生信号。该信号可以是与通过钉仓34以及由于砧座24的闭合施加到传感器2006上的力成比例的模拟信号。参见图44,模拟信号可被提供给模数转换器2014,该模数转换器将模拟信号转换至数字信号,然后将该数字信号提供给存储装置2001。应当理解,其中传感器2006为数字或二进制传感器的实施例可以不包括模数转换器2014。
击发触发器传感器110感测击发触发器20的位置和/或状态。在器械的机动化或马达辅助的实施例中,击发触发器传感器可以是上述马达运转传感器110的两倍。此外,击发触发器传感器110可采取上述的任何形式,并且可以是模拟的或数字的。图45和46示出了击发触发器传感器110的另外实施例。在图45和46中,击发触发器传感器安装在击发触发器20和击发触发器枢轴销96之间。当击发触发器20被牵拉时,其将对击发触发器枢轴销96施加由传感器110感测到的力。参见图44,在其中击发触发器传感器110的输出为模拟的实施例中,模数转换器2016逻辑地包括在击发触发器传感器110与存储装置2001之间。
刀位置传感器2008感测刀32或切割表面1027在钉通道22内的位置。图47和48示出了适用于与图41中示出的机械致动的轴8和端部执行器12一起使用的刀位置传感器2008的实施例。传感器2008包括联接到器械10的击发杆1022的磁体2009。线圈2011定位在击发杆1022周围,并且可以是例如沿着击发槽构件1012的纵向凹槽1014安装(参见图41)。当刀32和切割表面1027通过钉通道22往复运动时,击发杆1022和磁体2009可通过线圈2011来回运动。该相对于线圈的运动在线圈中引起与击发连杆在线圈内以及切割刃1027在钉通道22内的位置成比例的电压。该电压可被提供给存储装置2001,例如通过模数转换器2018。
在各种实施例中,刀位置传感器2008可代之以放置在轴8之上或之内的各位置处的一系列数字传感器(未示出)实现。数字传感器可以感测击发杆1022的通过轴8往复运动的结构,例如磁体2009。击发杆1022在轴8内的位置,并且相应地,刀32在钉通道22内的位置可以被近似为被触发的最后数字传感器的位置。
应当理解,刀位置也可以在例如如上文结合图3-6所述的具有旋转驱动端部执行器12和轴8的器械10的实施例中被感测。编码器(例如编码器268)可以能够产生与螺旋状螺杆轴36或任何其他驱动轴或齿轮的旋转成比例的信号。因为轴36和其他驱动轴和齿轮的旋转与刀32通过通道22的运动成比例,所以由编码器268产生的信号也与刀32的运动成比例。因此,编码器268的输出可被提供至存储装置2001。
仓存在传感器2010可以感测钉仓34在钉通道22内的存在。在机动化或马达辅助的器械中,仓存在传感器2010可以是上文结合图11所述的仓闭锁传感器136的两倍。图50和51示出了仓存在传感器2010的实施例。在所示实施例中,仓存在传感器2010包括两个接触件2011和2013。当仓34不存在时,接触件2011、2013形成开式电路。当仓34存在时,钉仓34的仓托盘1028接触所述接触件2011、2013,形成闭合电路。当电路打开时,传感器2010可输出逻辑0。当电路闭合时,传感器2010可输出逻辑1。传感器2010的输出被提供至存储装置2001,如图44中所示出。
仓状况传感器2012可指示安装在钉通道22内的仓34是否已击发或耗尽。当刀32平移通过端部执行器12时,其推动滑动件33,从而击发钉仓。然后刀32平移回到其初始位置,以将滑动件33留在仓的远端处。当刀32没有滑动件33引导时,其可落入闭锁凹坑2022中。传感器2012可以感测刀32是否存在于闭锁凹坑2022中,从而间接地指示仓34是否已耗尽。应当理解,在各种实施例中,传感器2012可以直接感测滑动件在仓34近端处的存在,从而无需将刀32落入闭锁凹坑2022中。
图52A和52B描述了根据各种实施例的用于操作外科器械10的实施例的流程2200,该外科器械10能够作为直线切割器,并且具有记录器械状况的能力。在方框2202处,器械10的砧座24可被闭合。这引起闭合触发器传感器2002和/或砧座闭合传感器2006改变状态。作为响应,在方框2203处,存储装置2001可记录系统2000中所有传感器的状态。在方框2204处,可将器械10插入到患者中。当器械插入时,在方框2206处,砧座24可被打开和闭合,例如以操纵手术部位处的组织。砧座24的每次打开和闭合均引起闭合触发器传感器2002和/或砧座闭合传感器2004改变状态。作为响应,在方框2205处,存储装置2001记录系统2000的状态。
在方框2208处,组织被夹持以便切割和缝合。如果在决策方框2210处砧座24未闭合,则需要继续夹紧。如果砧座24已闭合,则传感器2002、2004和/或2006可改变状态,从而在方框2213处提示存储装置2001记录系统的状态。该记录可包括从传感器2006接收的闭合压力。在方框2212处,可进行切割和缝合。击发触发器传感器110可随着击发触发器20被朝手枪式握把26牵拉而改变状态。另外,当刀32运动通过钉通道22时,刀位置传感器2008将改变状态。作为响应,在方框2013处,存储装置2001可以记录系统2000的状态。
当切割和缝合操作完成时,刀32可返回到预击发位置。因为仓34当前已被击发,所以刀32可落入闭锁凹坑2022,从而改变仓状况传感器2012的状态并触发存储装置2001,导致在方框2015处记录系统2000的状态。然后砧座24可被打开,以清除组织。这可使闭合触发器传感器2002、砧座闭合传感器2004和砧座闭合负载传感器2006中的一者或多者改变状态,导致在方框2017处记录系统2000的状态。在组织被清除后,在方框2220处,砧座24可被再次闭合。这引起至少传感器2002和2004的另一次状态变化,继而引起存储装置2001在方框2019处记录系统的状态。然后,在方框2222处,器械10可从患者移除。
如果器械10在相同的过程中再次使用,则在方框2224处砧座可被打开,从而在方框2223处触发对系统状态的另一次记录。在方框2226处,耗尽的仓34可从端部执行器12移除。这引起仓存在传感器2010改变状态,并且在方框2225处引起对系统状态的记录。在方框2228处,可以插入另一个仓34。这引起仓存在传感器2010中的状态变化,并且在方框2227处对系统状态进行记录。如果在决策方框2230处指示另一个仓34是新仓,则其插入还可能引起仓状况传感器2012出现状态变化。在该情况下,可在方框2231处记录系统状态。
图53示出了根据各种实施例的来自存储装置2001的示例性存储器标测图2300。存储器标测图2300包括一系列的列2302、2304、2306、2308、2310、2312、2314、2316和行(未标示)。列2302示出了每行的事件号。其他列代表系统2000的一个传感器的输出。在给定时间记录的所有传感器读数可被记录在同一事件号下的同一行中。因此,每行代表了来自系统2000的传感器的一个或多个信号被记录的情况。
列2304列出了对每个事件记录的闭合负载。这可反映砧座闭合负载传感器2006的输出。列2306列出了击发冲程位置。这可来源于刀位置传感器2008。例如,刀32的总行程可被分成分区。在列2306中列举的数目可代表刀32目前存在的分区。击发负载在列2308中列出。这可来源于击发触发器传感器110。刀位置在列2310中列出。刀位置可来源于刀位置传感器2008,与击发冲程类似。砧座24是打开还是闭合可在列2312中列出。该值可来源于砧座闭合传感器2004和/或砧座闭合负载传感器2006的输出。滑动件33是否存在,或者仓34是否耗尽可在列2314处显示。该值可来源于仓状况传感器2012。最后,仓34是否存在可在列2316处显示。该值可来源于仓存在传感器2010。应当理解,各种其他值可存储在存储装置2001中,包括例如击发冲程的结束和开始,例如,如通过传感器130、142所测定。
虽然已经通过描述几个实施例举例说明了本发明并且已经相当详细地描述了示例性实施例,但是申请人不旨在将权利要求的范围约束或以任何方式限制到这些细节中。本领域的技术人员可容易看出其它优点和修改形式。
例如,尽管上述实施例具有用于以内窥镜式采用的外科切断和缝合器械100的优点,但类似的实施例也可用于其他临床手术。一般可接受的是,内窥镜式手术比腹腔镜式手术更常见。因此,本发明对内窥镜式手术和设备进行了讨论。但是,本文使用的术语,例如“内窥镜式”不应被理解为将本发明限于仅结合内窥镜式管(即,套管针)使用的外科器械。与此相反,本发明据认为可用于进入受限于小切口的任何手术中,包括但不限于腹腔镜式手术以及开腹手术。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或信息均仅在所并入的材料不与本文档所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突的材料。
多年以来,已经开发出多种微创机器人(或“远距离外科手术”)系统以增加外科手术的灵活性,并允许外科医生以直观的方式对患者进行手术。多个此类系统在以下美国专利中有所公开,所述每个美国专利均相应地全文以引用的方式并入本文:名称为“Articulated Surgical Instrument ForPerforming Minimally Invasive Surgery With Enhanced Dexterity andSensitivity”的美国专利No.5,792,135、名称为“Robotic Arm DLUS ForPerforming Surgical Tasks”的美国专利No.6,231,565、名称为“RoboticSurgical Tool With Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”的美国专利No.6,783,524、名称为“Alignment of Master and Slave In a MinimallyInvasive Surgical Apparatus”的美国专利No.6,364,888、名称为“Mechanical Actuator Interface System For Robotic Surgical Tools”的美国专利No.7,524,320、名称为“Platform Link Wrist Mechanism”的美国专利No.7,691,098、名称为“Repositioning and Reorientation of Master/SlaveRelationship in Minimally Invasive Telesurgery”的美国专利No.7,806,891和名称为“Surgical Tool With Writed Monopolar Electrosurgical End Effectors”的美国专利No.7,824,401。然而,过去的多个此类系统已不能产生有效切割和紧固组织所需量级的力。
图54示出了可结合图55中示出的从属机械臂车11100类型使用的主控制器11001的一个型式。主控制器11001和从属机械臂车11100以及它们各自的部件和控制系统在本文中统称为机器人系统11000。此类系统和装置的实例公开于美国专利No.7,524,320中,所述专利以引用的方式并入本文。因而,除了可能必要的理解本发明的多种实施例和形式以外,本文将不详细地描述此类装置的各个细节。众所周知,主控制器11001通常包括如下主控制器(在图54中一般表示为11003):在外科医生通过立体显示器11002观察手术的同时,所述主控制器由外科医生抓持并在空中操控。主控制器11001通常包括手动输入装置,所述手动输入装置优选地以多个自由度运动并通常还具有用于致动工具(例如,用于闭合抓持锯、施加电势到电极等)的致动手柄。
如图55所示,在一种形式中,机械臂车11100能够致动多个外科工具,一般称为11200。使用主控制器和机械臂车布置的各种机器人外科系统和方法公开于名称为“Multi-Component Telepresence System and Method”的美国专利No.6,132,368中,该专利的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。在各种形式中,机械臂车11100包括基座11002,在图示实施例中,所述基座支撑有三个外科工具11200。在各种形式中,外科工具11200均由一系列手动关节运动的连杆(一般称为装置接头11104)和机器人操纵器11106支撑。本文示出的这些结构具有在机器人连杆的大部分之上延伸的护盖。这些护盖可以是任选的,并且可在尺寸有所限制或在一些实施例中完全消除,以使用于操纵此类装置的伺服机构遇到的惯性最小化、限制运动部件的体积以避免碰撞并且限制车11100的总重量。车11100将通常具有适于在手术室之间搬运车11100的尺寸。车11100可能够通常适于穿过标准的手术室门并放置到标准的医院电梯上。在各种形式中,车11100可优选地具有重量并包括轮(或其他运输)系统,所述轮系统允许由单个维护人员将车11100设置在邻近手术台。
现在参见图56,在至少一种形式中,机器人操纵器11106可包括限制外科工具11200的运动的连杆11108。在各种实施例中,连杆11108包括由旋转接头以平行四边形布置方式连接在一起的刚性连接件,使得外科工具11200围绕空间11110中的某一点旋转,如在公布的美国专利No.5,817,084中更完整地描述,所述专利的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。平行四边形布置方式将旋转限制为围绕轴11112a(有时称为俯仰轴)枢转。支撑平行四边形连杆的连接件可枢转地安装到装置接头11104(图55)上,使得外科工具11200进一步围绕轴11112b(有时称为偏航轴)旋转。俯仰轴11112a和偏航轴11112b在远程中心11114处相交,所述远程中心沿着外科工具111200的轴11208对齐。当由操纵器11106支撑时,外科工具11200可以具有另外的驱动自由度,包括外科工具11200沿着纵向工具轴线“LT-LT”的滑动运动。当外科工具11200沿着工具轴线LT-LT相对于操纵器11106滑动(箭头11112c)时,远程中心11114相对于操纵器11106的基座11116保持固定。从而,使整个操纵器总体上发生运动以重新定位远程中心11114。操纵器11106的连杆11108由一系列的马达11120驱动。这些马达响应于控制系统处理器的命令而主动使连杆11108运动。如将在下文中进一步详细描述,马达11120还用于调控外科工具11200。
图57中示出了可供选择的装置接头结构。在该实施例中,外科工具11200由两个组织操纵工具之间的可供选择的操纵器结构11106'支撑。本领域的普通技术人员将会知道本发明的各种实施例可以包括多种可供选择的机器人结构,包括描述于名称为“Automated Endoscope System For OptimalPositioning”的美国专利No.5,878,193中的那些,该专利的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文。另外,虽然结合外科工具11200和主控制器11001之间的连通在本文中初步描述了机器人部件和机器人外科系统的处理器之间的数据连通,应当理解,类似的连通可发生在操纵器、装置接头、内窥镜或其他图像捕获装置等的电路和机器人外科系统的处理器之间,所述机器人外科系统的处理器用于部件兼容性确认、部件类型识别、部件校正(例如偏移等)连通、部件与机器人外科系统的连接确认等。
图58中示出了非常适于与机器人系统11000一起使用的示例性的非限制性外科工具11200,所述机器人系统具有操作地联接到主控制器11001的工具驱动组件11010(图59),所述主控制器可通过操作者(即,外科医生)的输入来运行。如图所示,外科工具11200包括外科端部执行器12012,所述端部执行器包括直线切割器。在至少一种形式中,外科工具11200通常包括细长轴组件12008,所述细长轴组件具有通过关节运动接头12011联接在一起的近侧闭合管12040和远侧闭合管12042。外科工具11200通过工具安装部分(一般称为11300)操作地联接到操纵器。外科工具11200还包括将工具安装部分11300机械地且电力地联接到操纵器的接口11230。接口11230的一种形式在图59-63中示出。在各种实施例中,工具安装部分11300包括工具安装板11302,所述工具安装板操作地支撑多个(图63中示出了四个)可旋转主体部分、从动盘或从动元件11304,所述每个从动盘或从动元件均包括从从动元件11304的表面延伸的一对销11306。一个销11306比相同从动元件11304上的其他销11306更靠近每个从动元件11304的旋转轴,这有助于确保从动元件11304的正向角对齐。接口11230包括能够与安装板11302以安装方式接合的适配器部分11240,如将在下文中进一步描述。适配器部分11240可包括一系列电连接销11242(图61),所述电连接销可通过工具安装部分11300中的电路板联接到存储器结构。虽然结合机械耦合元件、电耦合元件和磁力耦合元件在本文描述了接口11230,应当理解,可使用多种遥测形式,包括红外、电感耦合等。
如图59-62所示,适配器部分11240通常包括工具侧11244和夹持器侧11246。在各种形式中,将多个可旋转主体11250安装到浮动板11248,所述浮动板相对于垂直于适配器11240主表面的周围适配器结构具有限定的运动范围。当沿着工具安装部分外壳11301的侧面致动杠杆11303时(参见图58),浮动板11248的轴向运动有助于使可旋转主体11250从工具安装部分11300脱离。可采用其他机构/布置以可释放的方式将工具安装部分11300联接到适配器11240。在至少一种形式中,通过弹性径向构件将可旋转主体11250弹性地安装到浮动板11248,所述弹性径向构件围绕可旋转主体11250延伸到周边凹痕中。可旋转主体11250可通过偏转这些弹性结构相对于板11248轴向运动。当设置在第一轴向位置(朝工具侧11244)时,可旋转主体11250自由旋转而没有角度限制。然而,当可旋转主体11250朝工具侧11244轴向运动时,突出部11252(从可旋转主体11250径向延伸)横向接合浮动板上的闭锁装置以便限制可旋转主体11250围绕其轴线的角旋转。当驱动销11272将可旋转主体11250推动到受限的旋转位置直到销11234与开口11256’对齐(并滑动到其中)时,可使用该受限的旋转以有助于可旋转主体11250与机器人系统11000的对应工具架部分11270的驱动销11272驱动接合。可旋转主体11250的工具侧11244上的开口11256和夹持器侧11246上的开口11256’能够使工具安装部分11300的从动元件111304(图63)与工具架11270的驱动元件11271准确对齐。有关从动元件11304的内侧和外侧销11306如上所述,开口11256,11256’位于相距其各自的旋转主体11250的旋转轴线不同的距离处,以确保与之要达到的位置不呈180度对齐。另外,每个开口11256略微径向细长,以适当地容纳周边方向上的销11306。这使得销11306在开口11256,11256’内径向滑动并适应工具11200和工具架11270之间的一些轴偏差,同时使驱动元件和从动元件之间的任何角偏差和角侧隙最小化。工具侧11244上的开口11256与夹持器侧11246上的开口11256’(以虚线示出)成约90度的偏移,如图62中明显地示出。
各种实施例还可包括位于适配器11240夹持器侧11246上的一系列电连接器销11242,并且适配器11240的工具侧11244可包括狭槽11258(图62)以用于容纳工具安装部分11300的销阵列(未示出)。除了在外科工具11200和工具架11270之间传输电信号之外,可通过适配器11240的电路板将这些电连接器中的至少一些连接到适配器存储器装置11260(图61)。
可使用可拆卸的闩锁布置11239以可释放的方式将适配器11240附连到工具架11270。如本文所用,术语“工具驱动组件”在用于机器人系统11000的上下文中时至少涵盖适配器11240和工具架11270的各种实施例,并且其在图59中一般称为11010。例如,如图59所示,工具架11270可包括第一闩锁销布置11274,所述第一闩锁销布置11274的尺寸被设定为容纳在设置于适配器11240中相应的连接叉狭槽11241中。另外,工具架11270还可包括第二闩锁销11276,所述第二闩锁销的尺寸设定成保持在适配器11240中相应的闩锁连接叉11243中。参见图61。在至少一种形式中,闩锁组件11245可运动地支撑在适配器11240上,并且能够在第一闩锁位置和未闩锁位置之间偏置,在第一闩锁位置中,闩锁销11276保持在各自的闩锁连接叉11243中,在未闩锁位置中,第二闩锁销11276可进入闩锁连接叉11243或从中移除。使用弹簧(未示出)以将闩锁组件偏置到闩锁位置。适配器11240工具侧11244上的凸缘可滑动地容纳工具安装外壳11301的横向延伸的突出部。
然后转到图63-70,在至少一个实施例中,外科工具11200包括外科端部执行器12012,在该实例中,所述外科端部执行器此外包括至少一个部件12024,所述部件相对于至少一个其他部件12022在第一位置和第二位置之间响应于施加至其上的各种控制运动而选择性地运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。在各种实施例中,部件12022包括能够操作地支撑其中的外科钉仓12034的细长通道细长通道12022,并且部件12024包括可枢转地平移的夹紧构件,例如砧座12024。外科端部执行器12012的各种实施例能够使砧座12024和细长通道细长通道12022保持在确保有效缝合和切断夹持在外科端部执行器12012中的组织的间距处。如图69所示,外科端部执行器12012还包括切割器械12032和滑动件12033。例如,切割器械12032可以为刀。外科钉仓12034操作地容纳其中支撑在可移动的钉驱动器(未示出)上多个外科钉(未示出)。当切割器械12032朝远侧驱动穿过外科钉仓12034中居中设置的狭槽(未示出)时,其也朝远侧推动滑动件12033。当滑动件12033朝远侧驱动时,其“楔形”构型接触可移动的钉驱动器并朝闭合砧座12024竖直驱动钉驱动器。当外科钉被驱动到位于砧座12024下侧的成形表面时,形成外科钉。滑动件12033可以是外科钉仓12034的一部分,使得当切割器械12032在切割操作后回缩时,滑动件12033不会回缩。砧座12024可在位于细长通道细长通道12022的近端的枢轴点12025处枢转地打开和闭合。砧座12024还可包括位于其近端的突出部12027,所述突出部与机械闭合系统(下文中进一步描述)的部件相互作用以利于砧座12024的打开。细长通道细长通道12022和砧座12024可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得它们可作为与端部执行器中的一个或多个传感器连通的天线的一部分,如上所述。外科钉仓12034可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成,并且传感器可连接到或设置在外科钉仓12034中,也如上所述。
如图63-70所示,根据各种实施例,通过细长轴组件12008将外科端部执行器12012附接到工具安装部分11300。如图示实施例所示,轴组件12008包括关节运动接头(通常表示为12011),所述关节运动接头使外科端部执行器12012能够选择性地围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA进行关节运动,所述关节运动轴线AA-AA基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT。参见图64。在其他实施例中,省略了关节运动接头。在各种实施例中,轴组件12008可包括闭合管组件12009,所述闭合管组件包括通过枢转连接件12044枢转地连接和操作地支撑在脊组件(一般描述为12049)上的近侧闭合管12040和远侧闭合管12042。在图示实施例中,脊组件12049包括远侧脊部分12050,所述远侧脊部分附接到细长通道细长通道12022并且可枢转地连接到近侧脊部分12052。闭合管组件12009能够响应于施加至其上的致动运动在脊组件12049上轴向滑动。远侧闭合管12042包括开口12045,砧座12024上的突出部12027插入到所述开口中以当远侧闭合管12042在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动时有利于砧座12024的打开。闭合管12040、12042可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得其可以用作天线的一部分,如上所述。主驱动轴组件(如,驱动轴12048,12050)的部件可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成。
在使用中,围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转外科端部执行器12012可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分11300包括旋转的传动装置组件12069,所述旋转的传动装置组件能够接收来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的对应的旋转输出运动,并将此旋转输出运动转化成旋转控制运动以使细长轴组件12008(和外科端部执行器12012)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。在各种实施例中,例如,近侧闭合管12040的近端12060通过向前的支撑支架11309和同样可运动地支撑在工具安装板11302上的闭合滑动件12100被旋转地支撑在工具安装部分11300的工具安装板11302上。在至少一种形式中,旋转的传动装置组件12069包括管齿轮段12062,所述管齿轮段形成于(或附接到)近侧闭合管12040的近端12060上,以通过操作地支撑在工具安装板11302上的旋转齿轮组件12070操作地接合。如图66所示,在至少一个实施例中,旋转齿轮组件12070包括旋转传动齿轮12072,当工具安装部分11300联接到工具驱动组件11010时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板11302的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63。旋转齿轮组件12070还包括旋转从动齿轮12074,所述旋转从动齿轮与管齿轮段12062和旋转传动齿轮12072以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板11302上。将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第一旋转输出运动施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将引起旋转传动齿轮12072的旋转。旋转传动齿轮12072的旋转最终导致细长轴组件12008(和外科端部执行器12012)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT(图66中由箭头“R”表示)旋转。应当理解,在一个方向上施加来自工具驱动组件11010的旋转输出运动将引起细长轴组件12008和外科端部执行器12012围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT在第一方向上旋转,并且在相对的方向上施加旋转输出运动将引起细长轴组件12008和外科端部执行器112012在相对于第一方向的第二方向上旋转。
在至少一个实施例中,通过在脊组件12049上沿着远侧方向“DD”使闭合管组件12009轴向运动来实现砧座12024相对于钉仓12034的闭合。如上所述,在各种实施例中,近侧闭合管12040的近端12060由闭合滑动件12100支撑,所述闭合滑动件包括闭合传动装置(一般描述为12099)的一部分。在至少一种形式中,闭合滑动件12100能够将闭合管12009支撑在工具安装板11320上,使得近侧闭合管12040能够相对于闭合滑动件12100旋转并且随闭合滑动件12100轴向行进。具体地讲,如图71所示,闭合滑动件12100具有直立的突出部12101,所述直立的突出部延伸到近侧闭合管12040的近端部分中的径向沟槽12063中。另外,如图68和71所示,闭合滑动件12100具有延伸穿过工具安装板11302中的狭槽11305的突出部部分12102。突出部部分12102能够保持闭合滑动件12100与工具安装板11302滑动接合。在各种实施例中,闭合滑动件12100具有直立部分12104,所述直立部分具有在其上形成的闭合齿条齿轮12106。闭合齿条齿轮12106能够与闭合齿轮组件12110驱动接合。参见图68。
在各种形式中,闭合齿轮组件12110包括闭合正齿轮12112,所述闭合正齿轮联接到工具安装板11302的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63。因此,当工具安装部分11300联接到工具驱动组件11010时,将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第二旋转输出运动施加到相应的第二从动元件11304上将引起闭合正齿轮12112的旋转。闭合齿轮组件12110还包括与闭合正齿轮12112以接合的方式而被支撑的闭合减速齿轮组12114。如图67和68所示,闭合减速齿轮组12114包括与闭合正齿轮12112以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑的从动齿轮12116。闭合减速齿轮组12114还包括与第二闭合传动齿轮12120接合的第一闭合传动齿轮12118,所述第二闭合传动齿轮与闭合齿条齿轮12106以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板11302上。因此,将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第二旋转输出运动施加到相应的第二从动元件11304将引起闭合正齿轮12112和闭合传动装置12110的旋转,并且最终轴向驱动闭合滑动件12100和闭合管组件12009。闭合管组件12009运动的轴向最终取决于第二从动元件11304旋转的方向。例如,响应于从机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010接收的一个旋转输出运动,将在远侧方向“DD”上驱动闭合滑动件12100并且最终在远侧方向上驱动闭合管组件11009。当朝远侧驱动远侧闭合管12042时,闭合管段12042的末端将接合砧座12024的一部分并使砧座12024枢转到闭合位置。当施加来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的“开口”输出运动时,将沿着近侧方向“PD”驱动闭合滑动件12100和轴组件12008。当在近侧方向上驱动远侧闭合管12042时,其中的开口12045与砧座12024上的突出部12027相互作用以利于其打开。在各种实施例中,当将远侧闭合管12042运动至其起始位置时,可使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座偏置至打开位置。在各种实施例中,闭合齿轮组件12110的各种齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生所需的必要的闭合力,所述闭合力令人满意地在待由外科端部执行器12012切割和缝合的组织上闭合砧座12024。例如,闭合传动装置12110的齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生大约70-120磅的力。
在各种实施例中,通过刀杆12200驱动切割器械12032穿过外科端部执行器12012。参见图69和71。在至少一种形式中,刀杆12200可由(例如)不锈钢或其他类似材料制成并且具有大致矩形的横截面形状。此刀杆构型足够刚性以推动切割器械12032穿过夹持在外科端部执行器12012中的组织,同时足够柔性以使外科端部执行器12012相对于近侧闭合管12040和近侧脊部分12052围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA进行关节运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。如图72和73所示,近侧脊部分12052具有延伸穿过其中的矩形通路12054,以在其被轴向推动穿过其中时为刀杆12200提供支撑。近侧脊部分12052具有近端12056,所述近端可旋转地安装到附接到工具安装板11032的脊安装托架12057上。参见图71。此布置允许近侧脊部分12052在近侧闭合管12040内旋转但不轴向运动。
如图69中所示,将刀杆12200的远端12202附接到切割器械12032。刀杆12200的近端12204可旋转地附连到刀齿条齿轮12206上,使得刀杆12200相对于刀齿条齿轮12206自由旋转。参见图71。如可在图65-70所见,刀齿条齿轮12206可滑动地支撑在附接到工具安装板11302的齿条外壳12210内,使得刀齿条齿轮12206保持与刀齿轮组件12220接合。更具体地讲并结合图68,在至少一个实施例中,刀齿轮组件12220包括刀正齿轮12222,所述刀正齿轮联接到工具安装板11302的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。参见图63。因此,将来自机器人系统11000的另一旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的第三从动元件11304,从而将引起刀正齿轮12222的旋转。刀齿轮组件12220还包括刀减速齿轮组12224,所述刀减速齿轮组包括第一刀从动齿轮12226和第二刀传动齿轮12228。刀减速齿轮组12224可旋转地安装到工具安装板11302上,使得第一刀从动齿轮12226与刀正齿轮12222接合。同样,第二刀传动齿轮12228与第三刀传动齿轮12230接合,所述第三刀传动齿轮与刀齿条齿轮12206以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板11302上。在各种实施例中,刀齿轮组件12220的齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生如下力:需要所述力以驱动切割元件12032穿过夹持在外科端部执行器12012中的组织并致动其中的钉。例如,刀驱动组件12230的齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生大约40至100磅的力。应当理解,在一个方向上施加来自工具驱动组件11010的旋转输出运动将引起切割器械12032在远侧方向上轴向运动,并且在相对的方向上施加旋转输出运动将引起切割器械12032在近侧方向上轴向行进。
在各种实施例中,外科工具11200采用包括关节运动接头12011的关节运动系统12007,所述关节运动接头使外科端部执行器12012能够围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA进行关节运动,所述关节运动轴线AA-AA基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT。在至少一个实施例中,外科工具11200包括第一关节运动杆12250a和第二关节运动杆12250b,所述第一关节运动杆和第二关节运动杆可滑动地支撑在穿过近侧脊部分12052的相应通路12053中。参见图71和73。在至少一种形式中,通过关节运动传动装置(一般称为12249)致动第一关节运动杆12250a和第二关节运动杆12250b,所述关节运动传动装置操作地支撑在工具安装板11032上。关节运动杆12250a,12250b中的每一个均具有从中伸出导向杆的近端12252,所述导向杆横向延伸穿过近侧脊部分12052的近端部分中的对应狭槽并且进入关节运动螺母12260中的对应弓形狭槽,所述关节运动螺母包括关节运动传动装置的一部分。图72示出了关节运动杆12250a。应当理解,关节运动杆12250b被相似地构造。如图72所示,例如,关节运动杆12250a具有导向杆12254,所述导向杆横向延伸穿过远侧脊部分12050的近端部分12056中的对应狭槽12058并且进入关节运动螺母12260中的对应弓形狭槽12262。另外,关节运动杆12250a具有通过例如销12253a可枢转地联接到远侧脊部分12050的远端12251a,并且关节运动杆12250b具有通过例如销12253b可枢转地联接到远侧脊部分12050的远端12251b。具体地讲,关节运动杆12250a在第一横向上与纵向工具轴线LT-LT横向偏移,并且关节运动杆12250b在第二横向上与纵向工具轴线LT-LT横向偏移。因此,关节运动杆12250a和12250b在相对方向上的轴向运动将使远侧脊部分12050以及附接到其上的外科端部执行器12012能够围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA进行关节运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。
通过围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转关节运动螺母12260来控制外科端部执行器12012的关节运动。关节运动螺母12260可旋转地接合在远侧脊部分12050的近端部分12056,并且通过关节运动齿轮组件12270可旋转地在远侧脊部分的近端部分上驱动。更具体地讲并结合图66,在至少一个实施例中,关节运动齿轮组件12270包括关节运动正齿轮12272,所述关节运动正齿轮联接到工具安装板11302的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第四个。参见图63。因此,当接口11230连接到工具架11270时,穿过工具驱动组件11010将来自机器人系统11000的另一旋转输入运动施加到相应的第四从动元件11304上,从而将引起关节运动正齿轮12272的旋转。关节运动传动齿轮12274旋转地支撑在工具安装板11302上并与关节运动正齿轮12272和如图所示的关节运动螺母12260的齿轮部分12264接合。如图71和72所示,关节运动螺母12260具有在其上形成的肩部12266,所述肩部限定环形沟槽12267以容纳其中的保持杆12268。将保持杆12268附接到工具安装板11302上,并用于防止关节运动螺母12260在近侧脊部分12052上轴向运动,同时保持相对于其的旋转能力。因此,由于导向杆12254与关节运动齿轮12260中螺旋狭槽12262的相互作用,在第一方向上旋转关节运动螺母12260将导致关节运动杆12250a在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动以及关节运动杆12250b在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动。相似地,在与第一方向相对的第二方向上旋转关节运动螺母12260将导致关节运动杆12250a在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动并引起关节运动杆2250b在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动。因此,可以通过同时在远侧方向“DD”上运动关节运动杆12250a和在近侧方向“PD”上运动关节运动杆12250b而使外科端部执行器12012选择性地在第一方向“FD”上围绕关节运动轴线“AA-AA”进行关节运动。同样,可以通过同时在近侧方向“PD”上运动关节运动杆12250a和在远侧方向“DD”上运动关节运动杆12250b而使外科端部执行器12012选择性地在第二方向“SD”上围绕关节运动轴线“AA-AA”进行关节运动。参见图64。
上述工具实施例采用了交接布置,所述交接布置尤其适于将机器人控制的医疗工具安装到至少一种形式的机械臂布置上,所述机械臂布置产生至少四种不同的旋转控制运动。本领域的普通技术人员将会知道可通过机器人系统/控制器经由可编程控制系统来选择性地控制此类旋转输出运动。例如,上述工具布置可很好地适于与由Intuitive Surgical,Inc.(Sunnyvale,California,U.S.A.)制造的那些机器人系统一起使用,其中许多可以在以引用的方式并入本文的各种专利中详细描述。本发明的各种实施例的独特的和新型的方面用来利用由机器人系统提供的旋转输出运动以产生特定的控制运动,所述控制运动具有使端部执行器切割和缝合组织的足够量级。因此,本发明的各种实施例的独特布置和原则可以使本文所公开和受权利要求保护的多种不同形式的工具系统结合提供程序化的旋转或其他输出运动的其他类型和形式的机器人系统有效地使用。另外,随着继续参阅本具体实施方式将变得更加明显,利用由机器人系统产生的一种或多种控制运动还可以有效地致动需要其他形式的致动运动的本发明的各种端部执行器实施例。
图75-79示出了可结合具有工具驱动组件的机器人系统11000有效使用的另一种外科工具12300,所述工具驱动组件操作地联接到通过操作者的输入运行的机器人系统的控制器,并且其能够向支撑在工具驱动组件上的至少一个旋转主体部分提供至少一种旋转输出运动。在各种形式中,外科工具12300包括外科端部执行器12312,所述外科端部执行器包括细长通道细长通道12322和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件,例如砧12324,所述细长通道细长通道和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件保持在确保有效地缝合和切断被夹持在外科端部执行器12312中的组织的间距处。如图示实施例中所示,外科端部执行器12312可包括除了前述细长通道细长通道12322和砧座12324之外的具有在其上形成的滑动件部分12333的切割器械12332、位于细长通道细长通道12322中的外科钉仓12334和具有在其上形成的螺旋形螺纹的旋转端部执行器驱动轴12336。例如,切割器械12332可以为刀。如将在下文中进一步详细地描述,旋转端部执行器驱动轴12336将使切割器械12332和滑动件部分12333轴向行进穿过外科钉仓2334以在起始位置和结束位置之间运动。切割器械12332轴向行进的方向取决于端部执行器驱动轴12336旋转的方向。砧座12324可在连接至细长通道细长通道12322的近端的枢轴点12325处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧座12324还可包括位于其近端的突出部12327,所述突出部操作地与机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的部件交接以打开和闭合砧座12324。当旋转端部执行器驱动轴12336时,切割器械12332和滑动件12333将穿过外科钉仓12334从起始位置纵向行进至结束位置,从而切割夹持在外科端部执行器12312中的组织。滑动件12333穿过外科钉仓12334的运动使得其中的钉被驱动穿过被切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧座12324,所述砧座使钉弯曲以紧固被切断的组织。在一种形式中,细长通道细长通道12322和砧座12324可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得它们可作为与端部执行器中的一个或多个传感器连通的天线的一部分,如上所述。外科钉仓12334可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成,并且传感器可以连接到或设置在外科钉仓12334中,如上所述。
应该指出的是,虽然本文描述的外科工具12300的实施例使用对切断的组织进行缝合的外科端部执行器12312,但是在其它实施例中,可使用用于对切断的组织进行紧固或密封的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用射频能量或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device”的美国专利No.5,709,680以及授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device With Recessed And/OrOffset Electrodes”的美国专利No.5,688,270公开了使用射频能量来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。授予Morgan等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,811以及授予Shelton等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,363公开了使用粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利也以引用的方式并入本文。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到,这仅是示例性实施例,并不旨在进行限制。也可以使用其它组织紧固技术。
在图示实施例中,外科端部执行器12312联接到细长轴组件12308,所述细长轴组件联接到工具安装部分12460并限定纵向工具轴线LT-LT。在该实施例中,细长轴组件12308不包括关节运动接头。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解其他实施例中可具有关节运动接头。在至少一个实施例中,细长轴组件12308包括中空的外管12340,所述中空的外管可旋转地支撑在工具安装部分12460的工具安装盘12462上,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。在各种实施例中,细长轴组件12308还包括远侧脊轴12350。远侧脊轴12350具有远端部分12354,所述远端部分连接到远侧固定基座部分12360或与其一体化形成,该远侧固定基座部分固定连接到通道12322。参见图76-78。
如图76中所示,远侧脊轴12350具有可滑动地容纳在近侧脊轴12353中的狭槽12355内的近端部分12351,所述近侧脊轴通过至少一个支撑衬圈12357不可运动地支撑在中空外管12340内。如图76和77进一步所示,外科工具12300包括闭合管12370,所述闭合管被限制为相对于远侧固定基座部分12360仅进行轴向运动。闭合管12370具有近端12372,所述近端具有在其中形成并且与传动装置布置螺纹接合的内螺纹12374,所述传动装置布置(一般描述为12375)操作地支撑在工具安装板12462上。在各种形式中,传动装置布置12375包括旋转驱动轴组件(一般称为12381)。当旋转时,旋转驱动轴组件12381将促使闭合管12370轴向运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。在至少一种形式中,旋转驱动轴组件12381包括闭合离合器组件(一般称为12380)的闭合驱动螺母12382。更具体地讲,闭合驱动螺母12382具有近端部分12384,所述近端部分相对于外管12340可旋转地支撑并与闭合管12370螺纹接合。出于组装目的,近端部分12384可通过螺纹附接到保持环12386。与闭合驱动螺母12382的末端12387协作的保持环12386限定环状狭槽12388,锁定衬圈12390的肩部12392延伸到所述环状狭槽中。锁定衬圈12390不可移除地附接(例如,焊接、胶粘等)到外管12340的末端。此布置用于将闭合驱动螺母12382附连到外管12340上,同时使闭合驱动螺母12382相对于外管12340旋转。闭合驱动螺母12382还具有远端12383,所述远端具有螺纹部分12385,所述螺纹部分与闭合管12370的内螺纹12374通过螺纹接合。因此,闭合驱动螺母12382的旋转将使闭合管12370轴向运动,如图77中的箭头“D”所示。
通过由中空驱动套管12400传输的控制运动实现砧座12324的闭合和切割器械12332的致动。如图76和77所示,中空驱动套管12400可旋转地并且可滑动地容纳在远侧脊轴12350上。驱动套管12400具有可旋转地安装到近侧脊轴12353上的近端部分12401,所述近侧脊轴从工具安装部分12460突出使得驱动套管12400可相对于近侧脊轴旋转。参见图76。另外如图76-78所示,驱动套管12400通过驱动轴12440围绕纵向工具轴线“LT-LT”旋转。驱动轴12440具有附接到其远端12442并与附接到驱动套管12400的从动齿轮12450接合的传动齿轮12444。
驱动套管12400还具有远端部分12402,所述远端部分联接到闭合离合器组件12380的闭合离合器12410部分,所述闭合离合器组件具有近侧面12412和远侧面12414。近侧面12412具有在其上形成的一系列近侧齿状物12416,所述近侧齿状物适于与形成于闭合驱动螺母12382的近端部分12384中的相应的近侧齿状物腔体12418选择性地接合。因此,当近侧齿状物12416与闭合驱动螺母12382中的近侧齿状物腔体12418接合时,驱动套管12400的旋转将引起闭合驱动螺母12382的旋转,并且最终引起闭合管12370轴向运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。
尤其如图76和77所示,驱动离合器部分12410的远侧面12414具有形成于其上的一系列远侧齿状物12415,所述远侧齿状物适于与形成于刀驱动轴组件12420的面板部分12424中的相应的远侧齿状物腔体12426选择性地接合。在各种实施例中,刀驱动轴组件12420包括中空的刀轴段12430,所述中空的刀轴段可旋转地容纳在远侧脊轴12350的对应部分上,所述远侧脊轴的对应部分附接到固定基座12360或从固定基座12360突出。当闭合离合器部分12410的远侧齿状物12415与面板部分12424中的远侧齿状物腔体12426接合时,驱动套管12400的旋转将引起驱动轴段12430围绕固定轴12350旋转。如图76-77所示,将刀传动齿轮12432附接到驱动轴段12430,并与附接到端部执行器驱动轴12336的驱动刀齿轮12434接合。因此,驱动轴段12430的旋转将引起端部执行器驱动轴12336的旋转,从而朝远侧驱动切割器械12332和滑动件12333穿过外科钉仓12334,以切割和缝合夹持在外科端部执行器12312中的组织。滑动件12333可由例如塑料制成,并且可具有倾斜的远侧表面。当滑动件12333穿过细长通道细长通道12322时,滑动件12333的前倾表面可向上推动或“驱动”外科钉仓12334中的钉穿过被夹持的组织并抵靠砧座12324。砧座12324使钉弯曲或“成形”,从而缝合切断的组织。如本文所用,术语“击发”是指引发如下动作:需要所述动作以沿远侧方向驱动切割器械和滑动件部分穿过外科钉仓,以切割夹持在外科端部执行器中的组织并驱动钉穿过切断的组织。
在使用中,围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转外科端部执行器12312可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,传动装置布置12375包括旋转的传动装置组件12465,所述旋转的传动装置组件能够接收来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的对应的旋转输出运动,并将此旋转输出运动转化成旋转控制运动以使细长轴组件12308(和外科端部执行器12312)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图79所示,外管12340的近端12341可旋转地支撑在支架布置12343中,所述支架布置附接到工具安装部分12460的工具安装板12462。旋转齿轮12345形成在细长轴组件12308的外管12340的近端12341上或附接到其,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板12462上的旋转齿轮组件12470接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分12460连接到工具驱动组件11010时,旋转传动齿轮12472联接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63和79。旋转驱动组件12470还包括旋转从动齿轮12474,所述旋转从动齿轮与旋转齿轮12345和旋转传动齿轮12472以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板12462上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮12472的旋转。旋转传动齿轮12472的旋转最终导致细长轴组件12308(和端部执行器12312)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转(初级旋转运动)。
通过使闭合管12370在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动,实现砧座12324相对于钉仓12034的闭合。通过向闭合驱动螺母12382施加旋转控制运动,实现闭合管12370在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向运动。为了向闭合驱动螺母12382施加旋转控制运动,闭合离合器12410必须首先与闭合驱动螺母12382的近端部分12384接合。在各种实施例中,传动装置布置12375还包括操作地支撑在工具安装板12462上的移位器驱动组件12480。更具体地讲并结合图79,可以看出,近侧脊部分12353的近端部分12359延伸穿过旋转齿轮12345并可旋转地联接到移位器齿轮齿条12481,所述移位器齿轮齿条穿过狭槽12482可滑动地附连到工具安装板12462。移位器驱动组件12480还包括移位器传动齿轮12483,当工具安装部分12460连接到工具架11270时,所述移位器传动齿轮连接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63和79。移位器驱动组件12480还包括移位器从动齿轮12478,所述移位器从动齿轮与移位器传动齿轮12483和移位器齿条齿轮12482以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板12462上。将来自机器人系统11000的第二旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起移位器传动齿轮12483的旋转。移位器传动齿轮12483的旋转最终引起移位器齿轮齿条12482和近侧脊部分12353以及驱动套管12400和附接至其的闭合离合器12410的轴向运动。闭合离合器12410的轴向行进方向取决于移位器传动齿轮12483通过机器人系统11000旋转的方向。因此,移位器传动齿轮12483在第一旋转方向上的旋转将引起闭合离合器12410沿近侧方向“PD”的轴向运动,从而使近侧齿状物12416与闭合驱动螺母12382中的近侧齿状物腔体12418接合。反之,移位器传动齿轮12483在第二旋转方向(与第一旋转方向相反)上的旋转将引起闭合离合器12410沿远侧方向“DD”的轴向运动,从而使远侧齿状物12415与形成于刀驱动轴组件12420的面板部分12424中的相应的远侧齿状物腔体12426接合。
一旦使闭合离合器12410与闭合驱动螺母12382接合,闭合驱动螺母12382通过旋转闭合离合器12410进行旋转。通过向传动装置布置12375的旋转驱动传动装置部分12490施加旋转输出运动来控制闭合离合器12410的旋转,所述传动装置操作地支撑在工具安装板12462上,如图79所示。在至少一个实施例中,旋转驱动传动装置12490包括旋转驱动组件12490’,所述旋转驱动组件包括齿轮12491,当工具安装部分12460联接到工具架11270时,所述齿轮联接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。参见图63和79。旋转驱动传动装置12490还包括第一旋转从动齿轮12492,所述第一旋转从动齿轮与第二旋转从动齿轮12493和旋转传动齿轮12491以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板12462上。第二旋转从动齿轮12493联接到驱动轴12440的近端部分12443。
旋转传动齿轮12491在第一旋转方向上的旋转将引起驱动轴12440在第一方向上的旋转。反之,旋转传动齿轮12491在第二旋转方向(与第一旋转方向相反)上的旋转将引起驱动轴12440在第二方向上的旋转。如上所述,驱动轴12440具有传动齿轮12444,所述传动齿轮附接到其远端12442并与附接到驱动套管12400的从动齿轮12450接合。因此,驱动轴12440的旋转引起驱动套管12400的旋转。
现将描述操作外科工具12300的方法。一旦工具安装部分12462操作地联接到机器人系统11000的工具架11270,并定向至邻近待切割和缝合的靶组织的位置,如果砧座12334尚未处于打开位置(图76),机器人系统11000可向移位器传动齿轮12483施加第一旋转输出运动,这使闭合离合器12410轴向运动至与闭合驱动螺母12382接合(如果尚未与其接合)。参见图77。一旦机器人系统11000的控制器11001确定闭合离合器12410与闭合驱动螺母12382接合(例如,通过外科端部执行器12312中与机器人控制系统连通的一个或多个传感器),则机器人控制器11001可向旋转传动齿轮12492施加第二旋转输出运动,如上所述,这将最终引起旋转驱动螺母12382在第一方向上的旋转,从而引起闭合管12370在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向行进。当闭合管12370在远侧方向上运动时,其接触砧座12323的一部分并使砧座12324枢转至闭合位置,从而夹持介于砧座12324和外科钉仓12334之间的靶组织。一旦机器人控制器11001确定砧座12334已通过外科端部执行器12312中与之连通的相应的一个或多个传感器枢转至闭合位置,则机器人系统11000停止向旋转传动齿轮12491施加第二旋转输出运动。机器人控制器11001还可以为外科医生提供砧座12334已完全闭合的指示。然后外科医生可引发击发过程。在可供选择的实施例中,击发过程可由机器人控制器11001自动引发。然后,机器人控制器11001向移位器传动齿轮12483施加初级旋转控制运动12483,这使闭合离合器12410轴向运动至与刀驱动轴组件12420的面板部分12424接合。参见图78。一旦机器人系统11000的控制器11001确定闭合离合器12410与面板部分12424接合(通过端部执行器12312中与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个传感器),则机器人控制器11001向旋转传动齿轮12492施加第二旋转输出运动,如上所述,这最终使切割器械12332和滑动件部分12333沿远侧方向“DD”轴向运动穿过外科钉仓12334。当切割器械12332朝远侧运动穿过外科钉仓12334时,切断夹持在其中的组织。当滑动件部分12333朝远侧驱动时,其驱动外科钉仓中的钉穿过切断的组织,从而与砧座12324形成接触。一旦机器人控制器11001确定切割器械12324已到达外科钉仓12334中的结束位置(通过端部执行器12312中与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个传感器),则机器人控制器11001停止向旋转传动齿轮12491施加第二旋转输出运动。然后,机器人控制器11001向旋转传动齿轮12491施加二级旋转输出运动,这最终使切割器械12332和滑动件部分12333沿近侧方向“PD”轴向运动至起始位置。一旦机器人控制器11001通过外科端部执行器12312中与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个传感器确定切割器械12324已到达起始位置,则机器人控制器11001停止向旋转传动齿轮12491施加二级旋转输出运动。然后,机器人控制器11001向移位器传动齿轮12483施加初级旋转输出运动,从而使闭合离合器12410运动至与旋转驱动螺母12382接合。一旦闭合离合器12410已运动至与旋转驱动螺母12382接合,则机器人控制器11001向旋转传动齿轮12491施加二级输出运动,这最终引起旋转驱动螺母12382在第二方向上旋转,从而使闭合管12370在近侧方向“PD”上运动。如图76-78所示,闭合管12370中具有开口12345,所述开口接合砧座12324上的突出部12327以使砧座12324枢转至打开位置。在可供选择的实施例中,当闭合管12370回到起始位置时(图76),可使用弹簧以将砧座12324枢转至打开位置。
图80-84示出了可结合机器人系统11000有效使用的另一个外科工具12500。在各种形式中,外科工具12500包括外科端部执行器12512,所述外科端部执行器包括细长通道细长通道12522形式的“第一部分”和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件(例如砧座12524)形式的“第二可移动部分”,所述第一部分和第二可移动部分保持在确保有效缝合和切断夹持在外科端部执行器12512中的组织的间距处。如图示实施例中所示,外科端部执行器12512可包括除了前述细长通道细长通道12522和砧座12524之外的切割器械12532形式的“第三可移动部分”、滑动件(未示出)和可移除地位于细长通道12522中的外科钉仓12534。例如,切割器械12532可以为刀。砧座12524可在连接至细长通道12522的近端的枢轴点12525处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧座12524还可包括位于其近端的突出部12527,所述突出部能够与机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的部件操作地交接以打开和闭合砧座12524。当致动时,刀12532和滑动件沿着细长通道12522纵向行进,从而切割夹持在外科端部执行器12512中的组织。滑动件沿着细长通道12522的运动使得外科钉仓12534的钉被驱动穿过切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧座12524,砧座使钉弯曲以紧固被切断的组织。在一种形式中,细长通道12522和砧座12524可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得它们可以作为与外科端部执行器中的一个或多个传感器连通的天线的一部分,如上所述。外科钉仓12534可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成,并且传感器可以连接到或设置在外科钉仓12534中,如上所述。
应该指出的是,虽然本文描述的外科工具12500的实施例使用对切断的组织进行缝合的外科端部执行器12512,但是在其它实施例中,可使用用于对切断的组织进行紧固或密封的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用射频能量或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device”的美国专利No.5,709,680以及授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device With Recessed And/OrOffset Electrodes”的美国专利No.5,688,270公开了使用射频能量来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。授予Morgan等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,811以及授予Shelton等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,363公开了使用粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利也以引用的方式并入本文。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到,这仅是示例性实施例,并不旨在进行限制。也可以使用其它组织紧固技术。
在图示实施例中,外科端部执行器12512的细长通道12522联接到细长轴组件12508,所述细长轴组件连接到工具安装部分12600。在至少一个实施例中,细长轴组件12508包括中空的脊管12540,所述中空的脊管不可移除地联接到工具安装部分12600的工具安装板12602。如图81和82所示,细长通道12522的近端12523包括能够附接到脊管12540的远端12541的中空的管状结构。在一个实施例中,例如,将细长通道12522的近端12523焊接或胶粘到脊管12540的远端。
如图81和82进一步所示,在至少一个非限制性实施例中,外科工具12500还包括闭合管12550形式的可轴向运动的致动构件,所述闭合管被限制为相对于细长通道12522和脊管11540进行轴向运动。闭合管12550具有近端12552,所述近端具有形成于其中的内螺纹12554,所述内螺纹与闭合驱动螺母12560形式的可旋转运动的部分进行螺纹接合。更具体地讲,闭合驱动螺母12560具有相对于细长通道12522和脊管12540旋转支撑的近端部分12562。出于组装目的,近端部分12562螺纹附接到保持环12570。保持环12570容纳在沟槽12529中,所述沟槽在细长通道12522的近端12523上的肩部12527和脊管11540的远端12541之间形成。此布置用于将闭合驱动螺母12560可旋转地支撑在细长通道12522内。闭合驱动螺母12560的旋转将引起闭合管12550轴向运动,如图81中的箭头“D”所示。
驱动构件延伸穿过脊管12540和闭合驱动螺母12560,在至少一个实施例中,所述驱动构件包括具有远端部分12582的刀杆12580,所述远端部分可旋转地联接到切割器械12532,使得刀杆12580可相对于切割器械12582旋转。如图81-83所示,闭合驱动螺母12560中具有狭槽12564,刀杆12580可滑动地延伸穿过所述狭槽。此布置允许刀杆12580相对于闭合驱动螺母12560轴向运动。然而,刀杆12580围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT的旋转还将引起闭合驱动螺母12560的旋转。闭合管12550运动的轴向最终取决于刀杆12580和闭合驱动螺母12560旋转的方向。当朝远侧驱动闭合管12550时,其远端将接触砧座12524并使砧座12524枢转至闭合位置。当施加来自机器人系统11000的开放式旋转输出运动时,闭合管12550将沿近侧方向“PD”被驱动,并且凭借突出部12527与闭合管12550中的开口12555的接合而将砧座12524枢转至打开位置。
在使用中,围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转外科端部执行器12512可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分12600能够接收来自机器人系统11000的相应的第一旋转输出运动,并将此旋转输出运动转化成旋转控制运动以使细长轴组件12508围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图79所示,中空的脊管12540的近端12542可旋转地支撑在支架布置12603中,所述支架装置附接到工具安装部分12600的工具安装板12602。外科工具12500的各种实施例还包括操作地支撑在工具安装板12602上的传动装置布置,一般描述为12605。在各种形式中,传动装置布置12605包括旋转齿轮12544,所述旋转齿轮形成于或附接到脊管12540的近端12542,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板12602上的旋转驱动组件12610接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分12600联接到工具架11270时,旋转传动齿轮12612联接到工具安装板12602的适配器侧上相应的旋转主体、从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63和84。旋转驱动组件12610还包括旋转从动齿轮12614,所述旋转从动齿轮与旋转齿轮12544和旋转传动齿轮12612以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板12602上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动旋转主体11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮12612的旋转。旋转传动齿轮12612的旋转最终使细长轴组件12508(和端部执行器12512)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。
通过使闭合管12550在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动,实现砧座12524相对于外科钉仓12534的闭合。通过向闭合驱动螺母12382施加旋转控制运动,实现闭合管12550在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向运动。在各种实施例中,通过向刀杆12580施加旋转输出运动来转动闭合驱动螺母12560。通过向旋转闭合系统12620施加旋转输出运动来控制刀杆12580的旋转,所述旋转闭合系统操作地支撑在工具安装板12602上,如图84所示。在至少一个实施例中,旋转闭合系统12620包括闭合传动齿轮12622,当工具安装部分12600联接到工具架11270时,所述闭合传动齿轮联接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的旋转主体部分、从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63和84。在至少一个实施例中,闭合传动齿轮12622与闭合齿轮系(一般描述为12623)驱动接合。闭合齿轮驱动系12623包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12602上的第一从动闭合齿轮12624。通过驱动轴12628将第一闭合从动齿轮12624附接到第二闭合从动齿轮12626。第二闭合从动齿轮12626与可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12602上的第三闭合从动齿轮12630接合。闭合传动齿轮12622在第二旋转方向上的旋转将引起第三闭合从动齿轮12630在第二方向上的旋转。反之,闭合传动齿轮12483在二级旋转方向(与第二旋转方向相反)上的旋转将引起第三闭合从动齿轮12630在二级旋转方向上的旋转。
如图84所示,将驱动轴组件12640联接到刀杆12580的近端。在各种实施例中,驱动轴组件12640包括具有正方形横截面形状的近侧部分12642。近侧部分12642能够与第三从动齿轮12630中相应的成形孔滑动地接合。当第三从动齿轮12630旋转时,此布置引起驱动轴组件12640(和刀杆12580)的旋转。驱动轴组件12640通过刀驱动组件12650在远侧和近侧方向上被轴向推进。一种形式的刀驱动组件12650包括旋转传动齿轮12652,当工具安装部分12600联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的旋转主体部分、从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。参见图63和84。旋转从动齿轮12652与齿轮系(一般描述为12653)驱动接合。在至少一种形式中,齿轮系12653还包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12602上的第一旋转从动齿轮组件12654。第一旋转从动齿轮组件12654与第三旋转从动齿轮组件12656接合,所述第三旋转从动齿轮组件可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12602上并且与第四旋转从动齿轮组件12658接合,所述第四旋转从动齿轮组件与驱动轴组件12640的螺纹部分12644接合。旋转传动齿轮12652在第三旋转方向上旋转将引起驱动轴组件12640和刀杆12580在远侧方向“DD”上轴向行进。反之,旋转传动齿轮12652在三级旋转方向(与第三旋转方向相反)上旋转将引起驱动轴组件12640和刀杆12580在近侧方向上运动。
现将描述操作外科工具12500的方法。一旦工具安装部分12600操作地联接到机器人系统11000的工具架11270,则机器人系统11000可将外科端部执行器12512定位在邻近待切割和缝合的靶组织的位置。如果砧座12524尚未处于打开位置(图81),则机器人系统11000可向闭合传动齿轮12622施加第二旋转输出运动,这引起刀杆12580在第二方向上的旋转。刀杆12580在第二方向上的旋转引起闭合驱动螺母12560在第二方向上的旋转。当闭合驱动螺母12560在第二方向上旋转时,闭合管12550在近侧方向“PD”上运动。当闭合管12550在近侧方向“PD”上运动时,砧座12524上的突出部12527与闭合管12550中的开口12555交接并使砧座12524枢转至打开位置。除此之外或在可供选择的实施例中,当闭合管12550回到起始位置时(图81),可使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座12354枢转至打开位置。然后,可通过机器人系统11000操纵打开的外科端部执行器12512以将靶组织定位在打开的砧座12524和外科钉仓12534之间。然后,外科医生可通过启动机器人控制系统11000以向闭合传动齿轮12622施加第二旋转输出运动来引发闭合过程,如上所述,这最终引起闭合驱动螺母12382在第二方向上的旋转,从而引起闭合管12250在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向行进。当闭合管12550在远侧方向上运动时,其接触砧座12524的一部分并使砧座12524枢转至闭合位置,从而夹持砧座12524和钉仓12534之间的靶组织。一旦机器人控制器11001确定砧座12524已通过端部执行器12512中与之连通的相应的一个或多个传感器枢转至闭合位置,则机器人控制器11001停止向闭合传动齿轮12622施加第二旋转输出运动。机器人控制器11001还可为外科医生提供砧座12524已完全闭合的指示。然后外科医生可引发击发过程。在可供选择的实施例中,击发过程可由机器人控制器11001自动引发。
在机器人控制器11001确定砧座12524处于闭合位置之后,然后机器人控制器11001向旋转传动齿轮12652施加第三旋转输出运动,这引起驱动轴组件12640和刀杆12580在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向运动。当切割器械12532朝远侧运动穿过外科钉仓12534时,切断夹持在其中的组织。当滑动件部分(未示出)朝远侧驱动时,其驱动外科钉仓12534中的钉穿过切断的组织,从而与砧座12524形成接触。一旦机器人控制器11001通过外科端部执行器12512中与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个传感器确定切割器械12532已到达外科钉仓12534内的结束位置,则机器人控制器11001停止向旋转传动齿轮12652施加第二旋转输出运动。然后,机器人控制器11001向旋转传动齿轮12652施加二级旋转控制运动,这最终使切割器械12532和滑动件部分在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动至起始位置。一旦机器人控制器11001通过端部执行器12512中与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个传感器确定切割器械12524已到达起始位置,则机器人控制器11001停止向旋转传动齿轮12652施加二级旋转输出运动。然后,机器人控制器11001可向闭合传动齿轮12622施加二级旋转输出运动,这引起刀杆12580在二级方向上的旋转。刀杆12580在二级方向上的旋转引起闭合驱动螺母12560在二级方向上的旋转。当闭合驱动螺母12560在二级方向上旋转时,闭合管12550在近侧方向“PD”上运动至打开位置。
图85-90B示出了可结合机器人系统11000有效使用的另一个外科工具12700。在各种形式中,外科工具12700包括外科端部执行器12712,所述外科端部执行器包括细长通道12722形式的“第一部分”和包括可枢转地平移的夹紧构件(例如砧座12724)形式的“第二可移动部分”,所述第一部分和第二可移动部分保持在确保有效缝合和切断夹持在外科端部执行器12712中的组织的间距处。如图示实施例中所示,外科端部执行器12712可包括除了前述通道12722和砧座12724之外的切割器械12732形式的“第三可移动部分”、滑动件(未示出)和可移除地位于细长通道12722中的外科钉仓12734。例如,切割器械12732可以为刀。砧座12724可在连接至细长通道12722的近端的枢轴点12725处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧座12724还可包括位于其近端的突出部12727,所述突出部与机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的部件交接以打开和闭合砧座12724。当致动时,刀12732和滑动件沿着细长通道12722纵向行进,从而切割夹持在外科端部执行器12712中的组织。滑动件沿着细长通道12722的运动使得外科钉仓12734的钉被驱动穿过被切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧座12724,砧座使钉弯曲以紧固被切断的组织。在一种形式中,细长通道12722和砧座12724可以由导电材料(诸如金属)制成,使得它们可以作为与外科端部执行器中的一个或多个传感器连通的天线的一部分,如上所述。外科钉仓12734可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成,并且传感器可以连接到或设置在外科钉仓12734中,如上所述。
应该指出的是,虽然本文描述的外科工具12500的实施例使用对切断的组织进行缝合的外科端部执行器12712,但是在其它实施例中,可使用用于对切断的组织进行紧固或密封的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用射频能量或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device”的美国专利No.5,709,680以及授予Yates等人的名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device With Recessed And/OrOffset Electrodes”的美国专利No.5,688,270公开了使用射频能量来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。授予Morgan等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,811以及授予Shelton等人的美国专利申请序列号11/267,363公开了使用粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利也以引用的方式并入本文。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到,这仅是示例性实施例,并不旨在进行限制。也可以使用其它组织紧固技术。
在图示实施例中,外科端部执行器12712的细长通道12722联接到细长轴组件12708,所述细长轴组件连接到工具安装部分12900。虽然未示出,细长轴组件12708可包括关节运动接头以允许外科端部执行器12712围绕基本上横向于工具轴线LT-LT的轴线选择性地进行关节运动。在至少一个实施例中,细长轴组件12708包括中空的脊管12740,所述中空的脊管不可移除地联接到工具安装部分12900的工具安装板12902。如图86和87所示,细长通道12722的近端12723包括通过安装衬圈12790附接到脊管12740的中空的管状结构。图88中示出了安装衬圈12790的剖视图。在各种实施例中,安装衬圈12790具有能够附接至脊管12740的远端的近侧凸缘末端12791。在至少一个实施例中,例如,将安装衬圈12790的近侧凸缘末端12791焊接或胶粘到脊管12740的远端。如图86和87进一步所示,安装衬圈12790还具有安装毂部分12792,所述安装毂部分的尺寸设定成能够容纳其上的细长通道12722的近端12723。细长通道12722的近端12723通过例如焊接、粘结等不可移除地附接到安装毂部分12792。
如图86和87进一步所示,外科工具12700还包括闭合管12750形式的可轴向运动的致动构件,所述闭合管被限制为相对于细长通道12722进行轴向运动。闭合管12750具有近端12752,所述近端具有形成于其中的内螺纹12754,所述内螺纹与闭合驱动螺母12760形式的可旋转运动的部分螺纹接合。更具体地讲,闭合驱动螺母12760具有相对于细长通道12722和脊管12740旋转支撑的近端部分12762。出于组装目的,近端部分12762螺纹附接到保持环12770。保持环12770容纳在沟槽12729中,所述沟槽在通道12722的近端12723上的肩部12727和安装衬圈12790的安装毂12729之间形成。此布置用于将闭合驱动螺母12760旋转地支撑在通道12722内。闭合驱动螺母12760的旋转将引起闭合管12750轴向运动,如图86中的箭头“D”所示。
驱动构件延伸穿过脊管12740、安装衬圈12790和闭合驱动螺母12760,在至少一个实施例中,所述驱动构件包括具有连接到切割器械12732的远端部分12782的刀杆12780。如图86和87所示,安装衬圈12790具有穿过其中的通路12793以允许刀杆12780滑动地穿过其中。相似地,闭合驱动螺母12760中具有狭槽12764,刀杆12780可滑动地延伸穿过所述狭槽。此布置允许刀杆12780相对于闭合驱动螺母12760进行轴向运动。
通过旋转从动闭合轴12800来控制砧座12724的致动。如图86和87所示,闭合驱动轴12800的远端部分12802延伸穿过安装衬圈12790中的通路12794,并且闭合齿轮12804附接至其上。闭合齿轮12804能够与闭合驱动螺母12760的内表面12761驱动接合。因此,闭合轴12800的旋转也将引起闭合驱动螺母12760的旋转。闭合管12750运动的轴向最终取决于闭合轴12800和闭合驱动螺母12760旋转的方向。例如,响应于接收自机器人系统11000的一个旋转闭合运动,闭合管12750将在远侧方向“DD”上被驱动。当闭合管12750朝远侧驱动时,开口12745将接合砧座12724上的突出部12727并使砧座12724枢转至闭合位置。当施加来自机器人系统11000的开放式旋转运动时,闭合管12750将在近侧方向“PD”上被驱动并且将砧座12724枢转至打开位置。在各种实施例中,可使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座12724偏置至打开位置(图86)。
在使用中,围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转外科端部执行器12712可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分12900能够接收来自机器人系统11000的相应的第一旋转输出运动以使细长轴组件12708围绕工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图90所示,中空的脊管12740的近端12742可旋转地支撑在支架布置12903和轴承组件12904中,所述支架装置和轴承组件附接到工具安装部分12900的工具安装板12902。旋转齿轮12744形成于或附接到脊管12740的近端12742,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板12902上的旋转驱动组件12910接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分12600联接到工具架11270时,旋转传动齿轮12912连接到工具安装板12602的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63和90。旋转驱动组件12910还包括旋转从动齿轮12914,所述旋转从动齿轮与旋转齿轮12744和旋转传动齿轮12912以接合的方式旋转地支撑在工具安装板12902上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮12912的旋转。旋转传动齿轮12912的旋转最终导致细长轴组件12708(和端部执行器12712)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转(初级旋转运动)。
通过使闭合管12750在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动,实现砧座12724相对于钉仓12734的闭合。通过向闭合驱动螺母12760施加旋转控制运动,实现闭合管12750在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向运动。在各种实施例中,通过施加旋转输出运动到闭合驱动轴12800来转动闭合驱动螺母12760。如图90所示,闭合驱动轴12800的近端部分12806上具有与闭合驱动组件12920接合的从动齿轮12808。在各种实施例中,闭合驱动系统12920包括闭合传动齿轮12922,当工具安装部分12900联接到工具架11270时,所述闭合传动齿轮联接到工具安装板12462的适配器侧上相应的从动旋转主体或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63和90。闭合传动齿轮12922以与闭合齿轮系(一般描述为12923)接合的方式被支撑。在至少一种形式中,闭合齿轮系12923包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12902上的第一从动闭合齿轮12924。通过驱动轴12928将第一闭合从动齿轮12924附接到第二闭合从动齿轮12926。第二闭合从动齿轮12926与行星齿轮组件12930接合。在各种实施例中,行星齿轮组件12930包括可旋转地支撑在轴承组件12904中的从动行星闭合齿轮12932,所述轴承组件安装在工具安装板12902上。如图90和90B所示,闭合驱动轴12800的近端部分12806可旋转地支撑在脊管12740的近端部分12742中,使得从动齿轮12808与行星齿轮12932上形成的中心齿轮齿12934接合。另外如图90A所示,两个另外的支撑齿轮12936附接到脊管12740的近端部分12742或相对于所述脊管的近端部分可旋转地支撑以向其提供轴承支撑。此具有行星齿轮组件12930的布置用于通过旋转驱动组件12910适应脊轴12740的旋转,同时允许闭合从动齿轮12808与闭合驱动系统12920保持接合。另外,闭合传动齿轮12922在第一方向上的旋转将最终引起闭合驱动轴12800和闭合驱动螺母12760的旋转,这将最终导致砧座12724闭合,如上所述。反之,闭合传动齿轮12922在第二相反方向上的旋转将最终引起闭合驱动螺母12760在相反方向上的旋转,这将使砧座12724打开。
如图84所示,刀杆12780的近端12784具有与之附接并与刀驱动组件12940驱动接合的螺纹轴部分12786。在各种实施例中,螺纹轴部分12786通过附接到工具安装板12902的轴承12906旋转地支撑。此布置允许螺纹轴部分12786相对于工具安装板12902旋转和轴向运动。刀杆12780通过刀驱动组件12940在远侧和近侧方向上轴向推进。一种形式的刀驱动组件12940包括旋转传动齿轮12942,当工具安装部分12900联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板12902的适配器侧上相应的旋转主体、从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。参见图63和90。旋转传动齿轮12942与刀齿轮系(一般描述为12943)接合。在各种实施例中,刀齿轮系12943包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12902上的第一旋转从动齿轮组件12944。第一旋转从动齿轮组件12944与第三旋转从动齿轮组件12946接合,所述第三旋转从动齿轮组件可旋转地支撑在工具安装板12902上并且与第四旋转从动齿轮组件12948接合,所述第四旋转从动齿轮组件与刀杆12780的螺纹部分12786接合。旋转传动齿轮12942在一个方向上的旋转将引起刀杆12780在远侧方向“DD”上轴向行进。反之,旋转传动齿轮12942在相反方向上的旋转将引起刀杆12780在近侧方向上运动。否则,可使用工具12700,如上所述。
图91和92示出了基本上与上文详细描述的工具12700相同的外科工具实施例12700’。然而,工具12700’包括压力传感器12950,所述压力传感器能够向机器人控制器11001提供关于砧座12724受到的夹紧压力的量的反馈。在各种实施例中,例如,压力传感器可包括弹簧偏置的接触开关。对于连续信号而言,可使用其上具有应变计的悬臂梁或内部有应变计的圆顶按钮盖。另一种产品形式可包括仅以已知的所需负载接触的断路开关。此布置可包括基座上的圆顶,其中该圆顶为一个电极并且基座为另一个电极。此布置允许机器人控制器11001通过调节施加到砧座12724的闭合压力的量来调节施加到外科端部执行器12712内组织的夹紧压力的量。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解,此压力传感器布置可与本文所述的若干外科工具实施例以及它们的等价结构一起有效地使用。
图93示出了可结合机器人系统11000有效使用的另一个外科工具3000的一部分。外科工具3003采用一个或多个机载马达以为外科端部执行器切割器械的各种部件提供动力。在至少一个非限制性的实施例中,例如,外科工具3000包括直线切割器(未示出)形式的外科端部执行器,其具有上述类型和构造的砧座(未示出)和外科钉仓布置(未示出)。外科工具3000还包括上述类型的细长轴(未示出)和砧座闭合布置(未示出)。因而,除了必须理解外科工具3000的各种实施例的独特和新颖属性之外,此部分的具体实施方式将不重复对那些部件的描述。
在所示的实施例中,端部执行器包括联接到刀杆3003的切割器械3002。如图93所示,外科工具3000包括工具安装部分3010,所述工具安装部分包括能够与适配器部分11240’以安装方式交接的工具安装板3012,所述适配器部分以上述各种方式联接到机器人系统11000。工具安装部分3010能够操作地支撑其上的传动装置布置3013。在至少一个实施例中,适配器部分11240’在适配器11240没有采用动力旋转主体和盘构件的情况下可能与上文中详细描述的适配器部分11240相同。在其他实施例中,适配器部分11240’可能与适配器部分11240相同。被视为在本发明的各种形式的实质和范围内的其他修改形式可以采用一种或多种来自工具架部分11270(如在上文中所述)的机械运动(即,旋转运动)以启动/致动传动装置布置3013,同时还使用一个或多个在工具安装部分3010内的马达以为外科端部执行器的一个或多个其他部件提供动力。另外,虽然所示实施例的端部执行器包括直线切割器,但是本领域的普通技术人员将会知道,在不脱离本发明的各种形式的实质和范围的情况下可结合其他类型的外科端部执行器有效地使用所示实施例的独特和新颖属性。
在各种实施例中,工具安装板3012能够至少容纳第一击发马达3011以为刀杆3003提供击发和回缩运动,所述刀杆联接到切割器械3002或与切割器械3002操作地交接。工具安装板3012具有一系列电连接销3014,所述电连接销能够与适配器11240’中的狭槽11258(图62)交接。此布置允许机器人系统11000的控制器11001为外科工具3000的电子控制电路3020提供控制信号。虽然结合机械耦合元件、电耦合元件和磁力耦合元件在本文中描述了接口,应当理解,可使用多种遥测形式,包括红外、电感耦合等。
控制电路3020在图93中以图解示意图的形式示出。在一种形式或实施例中,控制电路3020包括电池3022形式的电源,所述电池联接到通断螺线管电源开关3024。控制电路3020还包括联接到双极开关3028的通断击发螺线管3026以用于控制马达3011的旋转方向。因而,当机器人系统11000的控制器11001提供适当的控制信号时,开关3024将允许电池3022为双极开关3028提供电力。机器人系统11000的控制器11001还将为双极开关3028提供适当的信号,从而为马达3011提供电力。当期望击发外科端部执行器(即,朝远侧驱动切割器械3002穿过夹持在外科端部执行器中的组织)时,双极开关3028将处于第一位置。当期望将切割器械3002回缩至起始位置时,双极开关3028将通过控制器11001运动至第二位置。
外科工具3000的各种实施例还采用尺寸设定成与击发齿轮系3031结合的齿轮箱3030,在至少一个非限制性实施例中,所述击发齿轮系包括击发传动齿轮3032,所述击发传动齿轮与击发从动齿轮3034接合以产生所需量的驱动力,从而驱动切割器械3002穿过组织并以本文所述的各种方式驱动和形成钉。在图93中示出的实施例中,从动齿轮3034联接到与螺母布置3038螺纹接合的螺杆轴3036,限制所述螺母装置进行轴向运动(由箭头“D”表示)。将螺母布置3038附接到击发杆3003。因而,通过在第一方向上旋转螺杆轴3036在远侧方向“DD”上驱动切割器械3002,并通过在相反的第二方向上旋转螺杆轴可以在近侧方向“PD”上回缩切割器械3002。
图94示出了另一个基本上与上述工具3000相同的外科工具3000’的一部分,不同的是从动齿轮3034附接到驱动轴3040。将驱动轴3040附接到与第三从动齿轮3044接合的第二传动齿轮3042,所述第三从动齿轮与联接到击发杆3003的螺钉3046接合。
图95示出了可结合机器人系统11000有效使用的另一个外科工具3200。在该实施例中,外科工具3200包括非限制性形式的外科端部执行器3212,所述外科端部执行器包括相对于至少一个其他端部执行器部件部分在第一位置和第二位置之间选择性运动的部件部分。如将在下文中进一步详细地描述,外科工具3200采用机载马达以为传动装置布置3305的各种部件提供动力。外科端部执行器3212包括操作地支撑外科钉仓3234的细长通道3222。细长通道3222具有可滑动地延伸到中空的细长轴组件3208中的近端3223,所述中空的细长轴组件联接到工具安装部分3300。另外,外科端部执行器3212包括通过一对耳轴3225可枢转地联接到细长通道3222的砧座3224,所述耳轴容纳在细长通道3222中相应的开口3229内。轴组件3208的远端部分3209包括开口3245,当细长通道3222相对于轴组件3208的远端部分3209在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动时,砧座3224上的突出部3227插入到所述开口中以打开砧座3224。在各种实施例中,可以使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座3224偏置至打开位置。
如上所述,外科工具3200包括工具安装部分3300,所述工具安装部分包括能够操作地支撑传动装置布置3305并与适配器部分11240’安装交接的工具安装板3302,所述适配器部分以上述各种方式联接到机器人系统11000。在至少一个实施例中,适配器部分11240’在没有适配器11240采用的动力盘构件的情况下可能与上文中详细描述的适配器部分11240相同。在其他实施例中,适配器部分11240’可能与适配器部分11240相同。然而,在此实施例中,因为外科端部执行器3212的各种部件全部由工具安装部分3300中的马达提供电力,所以外科工具3200将不采用或需要来自工具架部分11270的任何机械(即,非电力的)致动运动以为外科端部执行器3200部件提供动力。被视为在本发明的各种形式的实质和范围内的其他修改形式可以采用一种或多种来自工具架部分11270(如在上文中所述)的机械运动以启动/致动一个或多个外科端部执行器部件,同时还使用一个或多个在工具安装部分内的马达以为外科端部执行器的其他部件提供动力。
在各种实施例中,工具安装板3302能够支撑第一击发马达3310以用于为传动装置布置3305提供击发和回缩运动,从而驱动联接到上述类型的切割器械3332的刀杆3335。如图95所示,工具安装板3212具有一系列电连接销3014,所述电连接销能够与适配器11240’中的狭槽11258(图62)交接。此布置允许机器人系统11000的控制器11001为外科工具3200的电子控制电路3320、3340提供控制信号。虽然结合机械耦合元件、电耦合元件和磁力耦合元件在本文中描述了接口,应当理解,可使用多种遥测形式,包括红外、电感耦合等。
在一种形式或实施例中,第一控制电路3320包括第一电池3322形式的第一电源,所述第一电池联接到第一通断螺线管电源开关3324。第一击发控制电路3320还包括第一通断击发螺线管3326,所述第一通断击发螺线管联接到第一双极开关3328以控制第一击发马达3310的旋转方向。因而,当机器人控制器11001提供适当的控制信号时,第一开关3324将允许第一电池3322为第一双极开关3328提供电力。机器人控制器11001还将为第一双极开关3328提供适当的信号,从而为第一击发马达3310提供电力。当期望击发外科端部执行器(即,朝远侧驱动切割器械3232穿过夹持在外科端部执行器3212中的组织)时,第一开关3328将通过机器人控制器11001设置在第一位置。当期望将切割器械3232回缩至起始位置时,机器人控制器11001将发送适当的控制信号以使第一开关3328运动至第二位置。
外科工具3200的各种实施例还采用尺寸设定成与联接的击发传动齿轮3332结合的第一齿轮箱3330,所述击发传动齿轮操作地与击发齿轮系3333交接。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,击发齿轮系333包括击发从动齿轮3334,所述击发从动齿轮与传动齿轮3332接合以产生所需量的驱动力,从而驱动切割器械3232穿过组织并以本文中所述的各种方式驱动和形成钉。在图95示出的实施例中,从动齿轮3334联接到驱动轴3335,所述驱动轴具有与之联接的第二从动齿轮3336。第二从动齿轮3336以与第三从动齿轮3337接合的方式被支撑,所述第三从动齿轮与第四从动齿轮3338接合。第四从动齿轮3338与刀杆3235的螺纹近侧部分3339接合,限制所述刀杆进行轴向运动。因而,通过在第一方向上旋转驱动轴3335,在远侧方向“DD”上驱动切割器械3232并在相反的第二方向上旋转驱动轴3335,切割器械3232可在近侧方向“PD”上回缩。
如上所述,通过相对于细长轴组件3208使细长通道3222轴向运动来控制砧座3224的打开和闭合。细长通道3222的轴向运动由闭合控制系统3339控制。在各种实施例中,闭合控制系统3339包括闭合轴3340,所述闭合轴具有与螺纹闭合杆3342通过螺纹接合的中空的螺纹端部3341。螺纹端部3341可旋转地支撑在脊轴3343中,所述脊轴操作地与工具安装部分3300交接并延伸穿过轴组件3208的一部分,如图所示。闭合系统3339还包括闭合控制电路3350,所述闭合控制电路包括第二电池3352形式的第二电源,所述第二电池联接到第二通断螺线管电源开关3354。闭合控制电路3350还包括第二通断击发螺线管3356,所述第二通断击发螺线管联接到第二双极开关3358以控制第二闭合马达3360的旋转。因而,当机器人控制器11001提供适当的控制信号时,第二开关3354将允许第二电池3352为第二双极开关3354提供电力。机器人控制器11001还将为第二双极开关3358提供适当的信号,从而为第二马达3360提供电力。当期望闭合砧座3224时,第二开关3348将处于第一位置。当期望打开砧座3224时,第二开关3348将运动至第二位置。
工具安装部分3300的各种实施例还采用联接到闭合传动齿轮3364的第二齿轮箱3362。闭合传动齿轮3364与闭合齿轮系3363接合。在各种非限制性形式中,闭合齿轮系3363包括附接到闭合驱动轴3366的闭合从动齿轮3365。与附接到闭合轴3340的闭合轴齿轮3360接合的闭合传动齿轮3367也附接到闭合驱动轴3366。图95示出了处于打开位置的端部执行器3212。如上所述,当螺纹闭合杆3342处于图95中示出的位置时,弹簧(未示出)将砧座3224偏置至打开位置。当期望闭合砧座3224时,机器人控制器11001将启动第二马达3360以旋转闭合轴3340,从而在近侧方向‘PD’上牵拉螺纹闭合杆3342和通道3222。当砧座3224与轴3208的远端部分3209接触时,砧座3224枢转至闭合位置。
现将描述操作外科工具3200的方法。一旦工具安装部分3302操作地联接到机器人系统11000的工具架11270,机器人系统11000便可将端部执行器3212定位在邻近待切割和缝合的靶组织的位置。如果砧座3224尚未处于打开位置,则机器人控制器11001可启动第二闭合马达3360以在远侧方向上将通道3222驱动至图95中示出的位置。一旦机器人控制器11001通过在端部执行器和/或工具安装部分3300中的一个或多个传感器确定外科端部执行器3212已处于打开位置,则机器人控制器11001可为外科医生提供信号,从而通知外科医生随后可闭合砧座3224。一旦靶组织定位在打开的砧座3224和外科钉仓3234之间,则外科医生可通过启动机器人控制器11001以向第二闭合马达3360施加闭合控制信号来开始闭合过程。第二闭合马达3360向闭合轴3340施加旋转运动,以在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉通道3222直到砧座3224枢转至闭合位置。一旦机器人控制器11001通过在外科端部执行器3212和/或与机器人控制系统连通的工具安装部分3300中的一个或多个传感器确定砧座3224已运动至闭合位置,则马达3360可被停止。然后,可通过外科医生启动控制器11001上的触发器、按钮等手动开始击发过程,或控制器11001可自动地开始击发过程。
为了开始击发过程,机器人控制器11001启动击发马达3310以在远侧方向“DD”上驱动击发杆3235和切割器械3232。一旦机器人控制器11001通过在外科端部执行器3212和/或马达驱动部分3300中的传感器确定切割器械3232已运动至外科钉仓3234中的结束位置,则机器人控制器11001可为外科医生提供指示信号。然后,外科医生可手动启动第一马达3310以回缩切割器械3232至起始位置,或机器人控制器11001可自动地启动第一马达3310以回缩切割元件3232。
图95中示出的实施例不包括关节运动接头。图96和97示出了分别具有端部执行器3212’、3212”的外科工具3200’和3200,所述端部执行器可与具有本文所公开的各种类型的关节运动接头的细长轴实施例一起使用。例如,如图96所示,螺纹闭合轴3342通过柔性缆线或其他柔性构件3345联接到细长通道3222的近端3223。关节运动接头(未示出)在细长轴组件3208中的位置将与柔性构件3345一致,从而使柔性构件3345适应此关节运动。另外,在上述的实施例中,柔性构件3345可旋转地附连到细长通道3222的近端部分3223以使柔性构件33345相对于其旋转,从而防止柔性构件3229相对于通道3222“卷绕”。虽然未示出,可通过刀杆以上述方式中的一者来驱动切割元件,所述刀杆也可适应细长轴组件的关节运动。图97示出了基本上与上述外科端部执行器3212相同的外科端部执行器3212”,不同的是螺纹闭合杆3342附接到闭合螺母3347,限制所述闭合螺母仅在细长轴组件3208内进行轴向运动。将柔性构件3345附接到闭合螺母3347。此布置还防止螺纹闭合杆3342卷绕柔性构件3345。可采用柔性刀杆3235’以利于外科端部执行器3212”的关节运动。
上述外科工具3200、3200’和3200”也可采用本文所述的切割器械实施例中的任何一个。如上所述,通过牵拉细长通道至与细长轴组件的远端接触来闭合这些工具的每个端部执行器的砧座。因此,一旦靶组织位于钉仓3234和砧座3224之间,机器人控制器11001便可开始向内牵拉通道3222至轴组件3208中。然而,在各种实施例中,为了防止端部执行器3212、3212’、3212”在该闭合过程中使靶组织随着端部执行器运动,控制器11001可同时使工具架运动并最终使工具运动以补偿细长通道3222的运动,从而使靶组织实际上被夹持在砧座和细长通道之间而不被移动。
图98-100示出了除了下文描述的差异之外基本上与上述外科工具3200”相同的另一个外科工具实施例3201。在该实施例中,螺纹闭合杆3342’具有可变节距的沟槽。更具体地讲,如图99所示,闭合杆3342’具有远侧沟槽部分3380和近侧沟槽部分3382。远侧沟槽部分3380和近侧沟槽部分3382能够与支撑在中空的螺纹端部3341’中的凸耳3390相接合。如图99所示,远侧沟槽部分3380具有比沟槽部分3382更细小的节距。因此,此可变节距布置通过凸耳3390和近侧沟槽部分3382之间的接合而允许细长通道3222以第一速度或速率被牵拉到轴3208中。当凸耳3390接合远侧沟槽部分时,通道3222将以第二速度或速率被牵拉到轴3208中。因为近侧沟槽部分3382比远侧沟槽部分3380更粗糙,所以第一速度将大于第二速度。此布置用于加速端部执行器的初始闭合以用于操纵组织,然后在将组织准确地定位在其中之后,产生适当夹持组织以对组织进行切割和缝合的闭合力的大小。因此,砧座3234最初以较小的力快速闭合,然后随着砧座更慢闭合而施加更大的闭合力。
在将组织完全夹持在所需位置以进行切割和缝合之前,可利用外科端部执行器打开和闭合运动以允许使用者使用端部执行器抓持和操纵组织。例如,使用者可在该过程中多次打开和闭合外科端部执行器以将端部执行器定位在使组织被保持在所需位置的适当的位置。因此,在至少一些实施例中,为了产生用于击发的高负载,细牙螺纹可能需要多达5至10次完全旋转以产生必要的负载。在一些情况下,例如,该动作可能花费长达2至5秒。如果在定位/组织操纵过程中每次也花费等长的时间打开和闭合端部执行器,则定位端部执行器可能花费过长的时间。如果出现这种情况,使用者可能放弃使用端部执行器以使用常规的抓紧器装置。使用抓紧器等可不利地增加与完成外科手术相关的成本。
上述实施例采用一个或多个电池以为用于驱动端部执行器部件的马达提供电力。通过机器人系统11000控制马达的启动。在可供选择的实施例中,电源可包括由机器人系统11000为马达提供的交流电“AC”。即,交流电可由通过工具架和适配器为机器人系统11000提供电力的系统供给。在其他实施例中,电源线或绳可附接到工具安装部分3300以提供所需的来自单独的交流电源或直流电源的电能。
在使用中,控制器11001施加主旋转运动至闭合轴3340(图95)以向内轴向牵拉细长通道3222至细长轴组件3208中,并以第一速率使砧座从第一位置运动至中间位置,所述中间位置对应于其中远侧沟槽部分3380过渡到近侧沟槽部分3382的点。进一步将旋转运动施加到闭合轴3340将使砧座相对于外科钉仓从中间位置运动至闭合位置。当处于闭合位置时,待切割和缝合的组织被适当地夹持在砧座和外科钉仓之间。
图101-104示出本发明的另一个外科工具实施例3400。该实施例包括从工具安装部分3500延伸的细长轴组件3408。细长轴组件3408包括可旋转的近侧闭合管段3410,所述可旋转的近侧闭合管段可旋转地连接在近侧脊构件3420上,该近侧脊构件刚性地联接到工具安装部分3500的工具安装板3502。近侧脊构件3420具有远端3422,所述远端联接到外科端部执行器3412的细长通道部分3522。例如,在至少一个实施例中,细长通道部分3522具有远端部分3523,所述远端部分“以钩的形式接合”脊构件3420的远端3422。细长通道3522能够支撑其中的外科钉仓3534。该实施例可使用本文所公开的各种切割器械实施例中的一个来切断夹持在外科端部执行器3412中的组织,并将钉仓3534中的钉击发至切断的组织中。
外科端部执行器3412具有通过一对耳轴3525可枢转地联接到细长通道3522的砧座3524,所述耳轴容纳在细长通道3522中相应的开口3529内。砧座3524通过远侧闭合管段3430在打开位置(图101)和闭合位置(图102-104)之间运动。远侧闭合管段3430的远端部分3432包括开口3445,当远侧闭合管段3430相对于其进行轴向运动时,砧座3524上的突出部3527插入到所述开口中以打开和闭合砧座3524。在各种实施例中,将开口3445成形以使得当闭合管段3430在近侧方向上运动时,闭合管段3430使砧座3524枢转至打开位置。除此之外或作为另外一种选择,可使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座3524偏置至打开位置。
如图101-104所示,远侧闭合管段3430包括凸耳3442,所述凸耳从其远端3440延伸至与可旋转的近侧闭合管段3410的远端3412中形成的可变节距沟槽/螺纹3414进行螺纹接合。可变节距沟槽/螺纹3414具有远侧部分3416和近侧部分3418。远侧沟槽/螺纹部分3416的节距小于近侧沟槽/螺纹部分3418的节距。另外如图101-104所示,通过轴向保持器销3450限制远侧闭合管段3430相对于脊构件3420进行轴向运动,所述轴向保持器销容纳在脊构件3420的远端中的轴向狭槽3424中。
如上所述,通过旋转近侧闭合管段3410打开和闭合砧座12524。可变节距螺纹布置通过凸耳3442和近侧沟槽/螺纹部分3418之间的接合而允许以第一速度或速率在远侧方向“DD”上驱动远侧闭合管段3430。当凸耳3442接合远侧沟槽/螺纹部分3416时,将以第二速度或速率在远侧方向上驱动远侧闭合管段3430。因为近侧沟槽/螺纹部分3418比远侧沟槽/螺纹部分3416更粗糙,第一速度将大于第二速度。
在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分3500能够接收来自机器人控制器11001的相应的第一旋转运动,并将该第一旋转运动转化成初级旋转运动,以使可旋转的近侧闭合管段3410围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图105所示,近侧闭合管段3410的近端3460可旋转地支撑在附接到工具安装部分3500的工具安装板3502的支架布置3504中。旋转齿轮3462形成于或附接到闭合管段3410的近端3460,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板3502上的旋转驱动组件3470接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分3500联接到工具架11270时,旋转传动齿轮3472联接到工具安装板3502的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63和105。旋转驱动组件3470还包括旋转从动齿轮3474,所述旋转从动齿轮与旋转齿轮3462和旋转传动齿轮3472以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板3502上。将来自机器人控制器11001的第一旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮3472的旋转。旋转传动齿轮3472的旋转最终引起闭合管段3410的旋转,从而打开和闭合砧座3524,如上所述。
如上所述,外科端部执行器3412采用上述类型和构造的切割器械。图105示出了用于轴向推进刀杆3492的刀驱动组件3480的一种形式,所述刀杆附接到该切割器械。一种形式的刀驱动组件3480包括旋转传动齿轮3482,当工具驱动部分3500联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板3502的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。参见图63和105。刀驱动组件3480还包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板5200上的第一旋转从动齿轮组件3484。第一旋转从动齿轮组件3484与第三旋转从动齿轮组件3486接合,所述第三旋转从动齿轮组件3486可旋转地支撑在工具安装板3502上并与第四旋转从动齿轮组件3488接合,所述第四旋转从动齿轮组件3488与联接到刀杆3492的驱动轴组件3490的螺纹部分3494接合。旋转传动齿轮3482在第二旋转方向上旋转将引起驱动轴组件3490和刀杆3492在远侧方向“DD”上轴向行进。反之,旋转传动齿轮3482在二级旋转方向(与第二旋转方向相反)上旋转将引起驱动轴组件3490和刀杆3492在近侧方向上运动。
图106-115示出了可结合机器人系统11000使用的本发明的另一个外科工具3600实施例。如图106所示,工具3600包括一次性加载单元3612形式的端部执行器。可结合工具3600使用的一次性加载单元的各种形式在例如名称为“End Effector Arrangements For a Surgical Cutting and StaplingInstrument”的美国专利申请公布No.US2009/0206131A1中公开,该专利的公开内容全文以引用的方式并入本文。
在至少一种形式中,一次性加载单元3612包括砧座组件3620,所述砧座组件被支撑以相对于操作地支撑其中的钉仓3640的载体3630而枢转行进。安装组件3650可枢转地联接到仓载体3630,以使载体3630围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA相对于纵向工具轴线LT-LT枢转。参见图111,安装组件3650包括上部安装部分3652和下部安装部分3654。每个安装部分包括在其每个侧面上的螺纹镗孔3656,所述螺纹镗孔的尺寸设定成能够容纳螺栓(未示出)以固定载体3630的近端。一对中心定位的枢转构件3658通过一对联接构件3660在上部安装部分和下部安装部分之间延伸,所述联接构件与外壳部分3662的远端接合。每个联接构件3660均包括互锁近侧部分3664,所述互锁近侧部分能够容纳于在外壳部分3662的近端中形成的沟槽3666中,从而使安装组件3650和外壳部分3662保持在相对于其的纵向固定位置。
在各种形式中,一次性加载单元3614的外壳部分3662包括包含在外部壳体3674内的上半部外壳3670和下半部外壳3672。上半部外壳3670的近端包括用于以可释放的方式接合细长轴3700和插入尖端3678的接合块3676。接合块3676与细长轴3700的远端形成卡口式联接,这将在下文中进一步详细地描述。外壳半部3670、3672限定用于可滑动地容纳轴向驱动组件3680的通道3674。第二关节运动连接件3690的尺寸设定成可滑动地定位于在外壳半部3670、3672之间形成的狭槽3679中。将一对防爆板3691设置在邻近与轴向驱动组件3680的远端相邻的外壳部分3662的远端,以防止在载体3630的关节运动过程中驱动组件3680向外凸出。
在各种实施例中,第二关节运动连接件3690包括至少一个细长金属板。优选地,堆叠两个或更多个金属板以形成连接件3690。关节运动连接件3690的近端包括钩部分3692,所述钩部分能够接合延伸穿过细长轴3700的第一关节运动连接件3710。第二关节运动连接件3690的远端包括套环3694,所述套环的尺寸设定成能够接合安装组件3650上形成的凸起。凸起与枢轴销3658横向错开,使得第二关节运动连接件3690的线性运动促使安装组件3650围绕枢轴销3658枢转,从而使载体3630进行关节运动。
在各种形式中,轴向驱动组件3680包括细长的驱动横梁3682,所述细长的驱动横梁包括远侧工作头3684和近侧接合部分3685。驱动横梁3682可由单个材料片或优选地多个堆叠的片材制成。接合部分3685包括一对接合指状物,所述接合指状物的尺寸设定成并能够以安装方式接合驱动构件3686中形成的一对相应的保持狭槽。驱动构件3686包括近侧通道口3687,当一次性加载单元3614的近端与外科工具3600的细长轴3700接合时,所述近侧通道口能够容纳控制杆12720的远端3722(参见图115)。
参见图106和113-115,为了使用外科工具3600,首先将一次性加载单元3612固定到细长轴3700的远端。应当理解,外科工具3600可包括关节运动或非关节运动的一次性加载单元。为了将一次性加载单元3612固定到细长轴3700,将控制杆3720的远端3722插入到一次性加载单元3612的插入尖端3678中,并且插入尖端3678在图113中箭头“A”示出的方向上纵向滑动到细长轴3700的远端,使得第二关节运动连接件3690的钩部分3692在细长轴3700中的通道3702内滑动。每个接合块3676将在细长轴3700各自的通道(未示出)中对齐。当钩部分3692接合通道3702的近侧壁3704时,一次性加载单元3612在图112和113中箭头“B”示出的方向上旋转以使第二关节运动连接件3690的钩部分3692运动至与第一关节运动连接件3710的指状物3712接合。接合块3676还在细长轴3700中的环形通道3703内形成“卡口式”联接。在加载单元3612的旋转过程中,接合块3676接合挡板3730的凸轮表面3732(图113),以首先在图113中箭头“C”示出的方向上使板3730运动以便将接合构件3734锁定在控制杆3720的凹槽3721中,从而防止控制杆3720在一次性加载单元3612的附接过程中纵向运动。在最终程度的旋转过程中,接合块3676从凸轮表面3732脱离以允许挡板3730在图112和115中箭头“D”示出的方向上从接合构件3734的后面运动,从而再次允许控制杆3720纵向运动。虽然上述附接方法反映了相对于细长轴3700操纵一次性加载单元3612,但是本领域的普通技术人员将会知道,一次性加载单元3612可支撑在固定位置,并且机器人系统11000可相对于一次性加载单元3612操纵细长轴部分3700,从而实现上述联接过程。
图116示出了可附接在具有细长轴3700’的卡口式布置中的另一个一次性加载单元3612’,所述细长轴除了下文所述差异之外基本上与轴3700相同。如图116所示,细长轴3700’具有延伸其至少一部分的狭槽3705,并且所述狭槽能够容纳其中的接合块3676。在各种实施例中,一次性加载单元3612’包括从其延伸的臂3677,在一次性加载单元3612’旋转之前,所述臂可与从外壳部分3662延伸的接合块3676对齐或至少基本上对齐。在至少一个实施例中,例如,当一次性加载单元3612’插入到细长轴3700’中时,臂3677和接合块3676可插入到细长轴3700’中的狭槽3705中。当一次性加载单元3612’旋转时,可将臂3677充分地限制在狭槽3705内,使得狭槽3705可将臂保持在适当的位置,然而接合块3676可被定位为使得其不被限制在狭槽3705内并可相对于臂3677旋转。当旋转时,关节运动连接件3690的钩部分3692与延伸穿过细长轴3700’的第一关节运动连接件3710接合。
可使用将一次性加载单元联接到细长轴的末端的其他方法。例如,如图117和118所示,一次性加载单元3612”可以包括能够与细长轴3700”的连接器部分3740接合的连接器部分3613。在至少一个实施例中,连接器部分3613可以包括可以与连接器部分3740的至少一个凸起和/或沟槽配合的至少一个凸起和/或沟槽。在至少一个此类实施例中,连接器部分可包括协作的燕尾部分。在各种实施例中,连接器部分能够彼此互锁,并且防止或至少抑制一次性加载单元3612”沿着轴线3741进行远侧和/或近侧运动。在至少一个实施例中,轴向驱动组件3680’的远端可包括小孔3681,所述小孔能够容纳从控制杆3720’延伸的凸起3721。在各种实施例中,此布置可允许一次性加载单元3612”在不与轴线3741共线或平行的方向上组装到细长轴3700。虽然未示出,轴向驱动组件3680’和控制杆3720可包括任何其他合适的凸起和小孔布置以操作地彼此连接。另外在该实施例中,第一关节运动连接件3710操作地与第二关节运动连接件3690接合。
如图106和119所示,外科工具3600包括工具安装部分3750。工具安装部分3750包括能够附接至工具驱动组件11010的工具安装板3751。工具安装部分操作地支撑其上的传动装置布置3752。在使用中,围绕由细长轴3700限定的纵向工具轴线旋转一次性加载单元3612可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,传动装置布置3752包括旋转的传动装置组件3753,所述旋转的传动装置组件能够接收来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的对应的旋转输出运动,并将此旋转输出运动转化成旋转控制运动以使细长轴3700(和一次性加载单元3612)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图119所示,细长轴3700的近端3701可旋转地支撑在支架布置3754中,所述支架装置附接到工具安装部分3750的工具安装板3751。旋转齿轮3755形成于或附接到细长轴3700的近端3701,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板3751上的旋转齿轮组件3756接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分3750联接到工具驱动组件11010时,旋转传动齿轮3757驱动地联接到工具安装板3751的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。旋转的传动装置组件3753还包括旋转从动齿轮3758,所述旋转从动齿轮以与旋转齿轮3755和旋转传动齿轮3757以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板3751上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮3757的旋转。旋转传动齿轮3757的旋转最终导致细长轴3700(和一次性加载单元3612)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转(初级旋转运动)。
如图119所示,将驱动轴组件3760联接到控制杆12720的近端。在各种实施例中,控制杆12720通过刀/闭合驱动传动装置3762在远侧和近侧方向上轴向行进。一种形式的刀/闭合驱动组件3762包括旋转传动齿轮3763,当工具安装部分3750联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板3751的适配器侧上相应的从动可旋转主体部分、盘或元件11304中的第二个。旋转从动齿轮3763与齿轮系(一般描述为3764)驱动接合。在至少一种形式中,齿轮系3764还包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板3751上的第一旋转从动齿轮组件3765。第一旋转从动齿轮组件3765与第二旋转从动齿轮组件3766接合,所述第二旋转从动齿轮组件可旋转地支撑在工具安装板3751上并且与第三旋转从动齿轮组件3767接合,所述第三旋转从动齿轮组件与驱动轴组件3760的螺纹部分3768接合。旋转传动齿轮3763在第二旋转方向上旋转将引起驱动轴组件3760和控制杆12720在远侧方向“DD”上轴向行进。反之,旋转传动齿轮3763在二级旋转方向(与第二旋转方向相反)上旋转将引起驱动轴组件3760和控制杆12720在近侧方向上运动。当控制杆12720在远侧方向上运动时,其朝远侧驱动其驱动横梁3682和工作头3684穿过外科钉仓3640。当工作头3684朝远侧驱动时,其操作地接合砧座3620以将砧座枢转至闭合位置。
可通过施加轴向关节运动控制运动至第一关节运动连接件3710和第二关节运动连接件3690来使仓载体3630围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA选择性地进行关节运动。在各种实施例中,传动装置布置3752还包括操作地支撑在工具安装板3751上的关节运动驱动器3770。更具体地讲并结合图119可看出,能够操作地与第一关节运动连接件3710接合的关节运动驱动轴3771的近端部分3772延伸穿过旋转齿轮3755并可旋转地联接到移位器齿条齿轮3774,所述移位器齿条齿轮穿过狭槽3775可滑动地附连到工具安装板3751。关节运动驱动器3770还包括移位器传动齿轮3776,当工具安装部分3750联接到工具架11270时,所述移位器传动齿轮联接到工具安装板3751的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。关节运动驱动组件3770还包括移位器从动齿轮3778,所述移位器从动齿轮与移位器传动齿轮3776和移位器齿条齿轮3774以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板3751上。将来自机器人系统11000的第三旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起移位器传动齿轮3776的旋转。移位器传动齿轮3776的旋转最终引起移位器齿轮齿条3774和关节运动驱动轴3771的轴向运动。关节运动驱动轴3771的轴向行进的方向取决于移位器传动齿轮3776通过机器人系统11000旋转的方向。因此,移位器传动齿轮3776在第一旋转方向上的旋转将引起关节运动驱动轴3771在近侧方向“PD”上的轴向运动并引起仓载体3630围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA在第一方向上枢转。反之,移位器传动齿轮3776在第二旋转方向(与第一旋转方向相反)上的旋转将引起关节运动驱动轴3771在远侧方向“DD”上的轴向运动,从而引起仓载体3630围绕关节运动轴线AA-AA在相反方向上枢转。
图120示出了可结合机器人系统11000使用的本发明的另一个外科工具3800实施例。如图120所示,外科工具3800包括直线切割器3814形式的外科端部执行器3812,所述直线切割器采用各种缆线驱动的部件。各种形式的缆线驱动的直线切割器在例如名称为“Surgical Stapler With UniversalArticulation and Tissue Pre-Clamp”的美国专利No.7,726,537和名称为“Cable Driven Surgical Stapling and Cutting Instrument With Improved CableAttachment Arrangements”的美国专利申请公布No.US2008/0308603A1中公开,所述专利的公开内容全文均以引用的方式并入本文。此类直线切割器3814可以被称为“一次性加载单元”,因为其被设计为在单次使用后被丢弃。然而,本发明的各种实施例的各种独特和新颖的布置也可结合可重复使用的缆线驱动的端部执行器使用。
如图121所示,在至少一种形式中,直线切割器3814包括操作地支撑其中的外科钉仓3834的细长通道3822。砧座3824被可枢转地支撑以相对于外科钉仓3834运动。砧座3824具有能够与预夹紧衬圈3840相互作用的凸轮表面3825,所述预夹紧衬圈被支撑以相对于凸轮表面进行轴向运动。将端部执行器3814与附接到工具安装部分3900的细长轴组件3808联接。在各种实施例中,可采用闭合缆线3850以使预夹紧衬圈3840朝远侧运动到凸轮表面3825及其上方,以相对于外科钉仓3834闭合砧座3824并压缩其间的组织。优选地,闭合缆线3850在点3841处或靠近点3841附接到预夹紧衬圈3840,并馈通砧座3824(或在砧座3824的近侧部分的下方)中的通道并朝近侧馈通轴3808。闭合缆线3850在近侧方向“PD”上的致动迫使预夹紧衬圈3840朝远侧抵靠凸轮表面3825以相对于钉仓组件3834闭合砧座3824。可采用返回机构,例如,弹簧、缆线系统等以将预夹紧衬圈3840返回至重新打开砧座3824的预夹紧方向。
细长轴组件3808的形状可以是圆柱形的,并且限定通道3811,所述通道的尺寸可被设计为能够容纳管适配器3870。参见图121。在各种实施例中,管适配器3870可与细长轴3808的内部通道以摩擦配合接合的方式而被滑动容纳。管适配器3870的外表面还可包括至少一个机械接口,例如,切口或凹口3871,所述切口或凹口被取向为与设置在内部通道3811的内周边上的相应的机械接口,例如径向向内延伸的凸起或棘爪(未示出)配合,以将管适配器3870锁定到细长轴3808。在各种实施例中,管适配器3870的远端可包括一对相对的凸缘3872a和3872b,它们限定了用于在其中枢转地容纳枢轴块3873的腔体。每个凸缘3872a和3872b可包括小孔3874a和3874b,所述小孔被取向为容纳延伸穿过枢轴块3873中的小孔的枢轴销3875,以允许枢轴块3873围绕与纵向工具轴线“LT-LT”垂直的轴线而枢转运动。通道3822可由两个向上延伸的凸缘3823a、3823b构成,所述向上延伸的凸缘中具有尺寸设定成能够容纳枢轴销3827的小孔。继而,枢轴销3875穿过枢轴块3873中的小孔安装,以允许外科端部执行器3814在给定的外科手术过程中当需要时围绕“Y”轴旋转。枢轴块3873沿着“Z”轴围绕销3875的旋转使外科端部执行器3814围绕“Z”轴旋转。参见图121。在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,可有效采用将细长通道3822紧固到枢轴块3873上的其他方法。
在制备或组装过程中外科钉仓3834可被组装并安装在细长通道3822内,并作为外科端部执行器3812的一部分出售,或在需要时外科钉仓3834可被设计为选择性地安装在细长通道3822内并单独出售,例如作为单次使用的置换件、可替换的或一次性的钉仓组件。例如,外科端部执行器3812可枢转地、操作地或一体地附接到一次性外科缝合器的细长轴组件3808的远端3809上是在本公开范围内的。众所周知,使用的或用过的一次性加载单元3814可从细长轴组件3808中移除并用未使用的一次性单元替换。一旦将未耗费的或未使用的仓3834安装在细长通道3822中,则直线切割器3814还可优选地包括致动器、优选地动态夹紧构件3860、滑动件3862以及钉推动器(未示出)和钉(未示出)。参见图121。
在各种实施例中,动态夹紧构件3860与滑动件3862相连,例如,安装和靠在滑动件上、或与其相连或一体结合和/或靠在其后面。据设想,动态夹紧构件3860可具有与其连接的或一体成型的凸轮楔形件或凸轮表面,或由凸轮楔形件或凸轮表面的远侧前表面推动。在各种实施例中,动态夹紧构件3860可包括具有横向小孔3864(销3865可安装或安装在其中)的上部3863、中央支撑件或向上的延伸部分3866和基本上为T形的底部凸缘3867,所述各部分配合以在滑动件3862的纵朝远侧运动过程中沿着理想的切割路径滑动地保持动态夹紧构件3860。前切刃3868(这里为刀片3869)的尺寸设定成靠在钉仓组件3834的狭槽3835中,并且一旦缝合就使组织分离。如本文所用,术语“刀组件”可以包括上述动态夹紧构件3860、刀3869和滑动件3862或其他刀/横梁/滑动件驱动布置和切割器械布置。另外,本发明的各种实施例可采用刀组件/切割器械布置,所述刀组件/切割器械装置可完全支撑在钉仓3834中或局部支撑在钉仓3834和细长通道3822中或全部支撑在细长通道3822中。
在各种实施例中,可通过缆线驱动组件3870在近侧和远侧方向上驱动动态夹紧构件3860。在一个非限制性形式中,缆线驱动组件包括一对推进缆线3880、3882和击发缆线3884。图122和123示出了图表形式的缆线3880、3882、3884。如那些图所示,第一推进缆线3880操作地支撑在第一远侧缆线过渡支撑体3885和第一近侧缆线过渡支撑体3886上,所述第一远侧缆线过渡支撑体可包括附接到细长通道3822的远端的例如皮带轮、杆、绞盘等,所述第一近侧缆线过渡支撑体可包括由细长通道3822操作地支撑的例如皮带轮、杆、绞盘等。第一推进缆线3880的远端3881附连到动态夹紧组件3860。第二推进缆线3882操作地支撑在第二远侧缆线过渡支撑体3887和第二近侧缆线过渡支撑体3888上,所述第二远侧缆线过渡支撑体可包括安装到细长通道3822的远端的例如皮带轮、杆、绞盘等,所述第二近侧缆线过渡支撑体可包括安装到细长通道3822的近端的例如皮带轮、杆、绞盘等。第二推进缆线3882的近端3883可附接到动态夹紧组件3860。另外,在这些实施例中,采用环状击发缆线3884并将其连接在支撑体3889上,所述支撑体可包括安装在细长轴3808中的皮带轮、杆、绞盘等。在一个实施例中,回缩缆线3884可在套环中形成并联接到连接器3889’,所述连接器固定地附接到第一推进缆线3880和第二推进缆线3882。
本发明的各种非限制性实施例包括操作地支撑在工具安装部分3900的工具安装板3902上的缆线驱动传动装置3920。工具安装部分3900具有一系列电连接销3904,所述电连接销能够与适配器11240’中的狭槽11258(图62)交接。此布置允许机器人系统11000为工具3800的控制电路3910提供控制信号。虽然结合机械耦合元件、电耦合元件和磁力耦合元件在本文中描述了接口,应当理解,可使用多种遥测形式,包括红外、电感耦合等。
控制电路3910在图120中以图解示意图的形式示出。在一种形式或实施例中,控制电路3910包括电池3912形式的电源,所述电池联接到通断螺线管电源开关3914。然而,在其他实施例中,电源可包括交流电源。控制电路3910还包括通断螺线管3916,所述螺线管联接到双极开关3918以控制马达旋转方向。因此,当机器人系统11000提供适当的控制信号时,开关3914将允许电池3912为双极开关3918提供电力。机器人系统11000还为双极开关3918提供适当的信号以为移位器马达3922提供电力。
转到图124-129,缆线驱动传动装置3920的至少一个实施例包括操作地安装到驱动轴3932的驱动皮带轮3930,所述驱动轴与上述类型和构造的从动元件11304附接,所述从动元件被设计为与适配器11240的相应的驱动元件11250交接。参见图62和127。因此,当工具安装部分3900操作地联接到工具架11270时,机器人系统11000可在所需方向上施加旋转运动到驱动皮带轮3930。第一驱动构件或皮带3934驱动接合驱动皮带轮3930,并且可旋转地支撑在移位器轭3940上的第二驱动轴3936。移位器轭3940操作地联接到移位器马达3922,使得移位器马达3922的轴3923在第一方向上的旋转将在第一方向“FD”上偏移移位器轭,并且移位器马达轴3923在第二方向上的旋转将在第二方向“SD”上偏移移位器轭3940。本发明的其他实施例可采用移位器螺线管布置,以在所述的第一方向和第二方向上偏移移位器轭。
如图124-127所示,闭合传动齿轮3950安装到第二驱动轴3936,并能够与闭合驱动组件(一般称为3951)选择性地啮合。同样,击发传动齿轮3960也安装到第二驱动轴3936,并能够与击发驱动组件(一般称为3961)选择性地啮合。第二驱动轴3936的旋转引起闭合传动齿轮3950和击发传动齿轮3960旋转。在一个非限制性实施例中,闭合驱动组件3951包括闭合从动齿轮3952,所述闭合从动齿轮联接到可旋转地支撑在第三驱动轴3956上的第一闭合皮带轮3954。闭合缆线3850驱动地容纳在第一闭合皮带轮3954上,使得闭合从动齿轮3952的旋转将驱动闭合缆线3850。同样,击发驱动组件3961包括击发从动齿轮3962,所述击发从动齿轮联接到可旋转地支撑在第三驱动轴3956上的第一击发皮带轮3964。第一驱动皮带轮3954和第二驱动皮带轮3964在第三驱动轴3956上独立地旋转。击发缆线3884驱动地容纳在第一击发皮带轮3964上,使得击发从动齿轮3962的旋转将驱动击发缆线3884。
另外在各种实施例中,缆线驱动传动装置3920还包括制动组件3970。例如,在至少一个实施例中,制动组件3970包括闭合制动器3972,所述闭合制动器包括附接到传动装置外壳3971的一部分的弹簧臂3973。闭合制动器3972具有齿轮凸耳3974,所述齿轮凸耳的尺寸设定成能够接合闭合从动齿轮3952的齿状物,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。制动组件3970还包括击发制动器3976,所述击发制动器包括附接到传动装置外壳3971的另一部分的弹簧臂3977。击发制动器3976具有齿轮凸耳3978,所述齿轮凸耳的尺寸设定成能够接合击发从动齿轮3962的齿状物。
外科工具3800的至少一个实施例可按如下使用。工具安装部分3900操作地联接到机器人系统11000的接口11240。操作机器人系统的控制器或控制单元,以将待切割和缝合的组织定位在打开的砧座3824和钉仓3834之间。当位于初始位置时,制动组件3970已锁定了闭合从动齿轮3952和击发从动齿轮3962,使得它们不能旋转。即,如图125所示,齿轮凸耳3974与闭合从动齿轮3952锁定接合,并且齿轮凸耳3978与击发从动齿轮3962锁定接合。一旦外科端部执行器3814已被适当地定位,机器人系统11000的控制器11001将为移位器马达3922(或移位器螺线管)提供控制信号,从而在第一方向上使移位器轭3940运动。当移位器轭3940在第一方向上运动时,当闭合传动齿轮3950运动至与闭合从动齿轮3952接合时,闭合传动齿轮使齿轮凸耳3974运动至与闭合从动齿轮3952脱离。如图124所示,当处于该位置时,齿轮凸耳3978保持与击发从动齿轮3962锁定接合,从而防止击发系统的致动。然后,机器人控制器11001穿过从动元件11304和工具架11240的对应部件之间的接口而为驱动皮带轮3930提供第一旋转致动运动。当驱动皮带轮3930在第一方向上旋转时,闭合缆线3850被旋转以将预夹紧衬圈3840驱动至与砧座3824的凸轮表面3825闭合接合,以便使其运动至闭合位置,从而夹紧砧座3824和钉仓3834之间的靶组织。参见图120。一旦砧座3824已运动至闭合位置,机器人控制器11001便停止施加第一旋转运动至驱动皮带轮3930。然后,机器人控制器11001可通过发送另一控制信号至移位器马达3922(或移位器螺线管)来使移位器轭在第二方向“SD”上运动而开始击发过程,如图126所示。当移位器轭3940在第二方向上运动时,当击发传动齿轮3960运动至与击发从动齿轮3962接合时,击发传动齿轮使齿轮凸耳3978与击发从动齿轮3962脱离。如图126所示,当处于该位置时,齿轮凸耳3974保持与闭合从动齿轮3952锁定接合,从而防止闭合系统的致动。然后,穿过从动元件11304和工具架11240的对应部件之间的接口来启动机器人控制器11001,以为驱动皮带轮3930提供第一旋转致动运动。当驱动皮带轮3930在第一方向上旋转时,击发缆线3884被旋转以在远侧方向“DD”上驱动动态夹紧构件3860,从而击发钉并切割夹持在端部执行器3814中的组织。一旦机器人系统11000通过传感器或通过监测施加到驱动皮带轮3930的旋转输入的量来确定动态夹紧构件3860已到达其最远侧位置,则控制器11001可向驱动皮带轮3930施加第二旋转运动以在相反方向上旋转闭合缆线3850,从而在近侧方向“PD”上回缩动态夹紧构件3860。一旦动态夹紧构件回缩至起始位置,停止向驱动皮带轮3930施加第二旋转运动。然后,移位器马达3922(或移位器螺线管)通电,以使移位器轭3940运动到闭合位置(图92)。一旦闭合传动齿轮3950与闭合从动齿轮3952接合,则机器人控制器11001可再次向驱动皮带轮3930施加第二旋转运动。驱动皮带轮3930在第二方向上的旋转使闭合缆线3850将预夹紧衬圈3840回缩至与砧座3824的凸轮表面3825脱离,以允许砧座3824运动至打开位置(通过弹簧或其他装置),从而从外科端部执行器3814释放被缝合的组织。
图130示出了采用如图131-133中示出的齿轮从动击发杆4092的外科工具4000。该实施例包括从工具安装部分4100延伸的细长轴组件4008。工具安装部分4100包括操作地支撑其上的传动装置布置4103的工具安装板4102。细长轴组件4008包括可旋转的近侧闭合管4010,所述可旋转的近侧闭合管可旋转地连接在近侧脊构件4020上,所述近侧脊构件刚性联接到工具安装板4102。近侧脊构件4020具有联接到外科端部执行器4012的细长通道部分4022的远端。外科端部执行器4012可基本上类似于上述外科端部执行器3412。另外,可通过与近侧闭合管4010操作地交接的远侧闭合管4030打开和闭合外科端部执行器4012的砧座4024。远侧闭合管4030与上述远侧闭合管3430相同。相似地,近侧闭合管4010与上述近侧闭合管段3410相同。
通过以上述方式相对于远侧闭合管3410旋转近侧闭合管4010来打开和闭合砧座4024。在至少一个实施例中,传动装置布置包括闭合传动装置(一般称为4011)。如将在下文中进一步描述,闭合传动装置4011能够接收来自机器人系统11000的相应的第一旋转运动,并将此第一旋转运动转化成初级旋转运动,以使可旋转的近侧闭合管4010围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。如图133所示,近侧闭合管4010的近端4060可旋转地支撑在支架布置4104中,所述支架装置附接到工具安装部分4100的工具安装板4102。旋转齿轮4062形成于或附接到闭合管段4010的近端4060,以与操作地支撑在工具安装板4102上的旋转驱动组件4070接合。在至少一个实施例中,当工具安装部分4100联接到工具架11270时,旋转传动齿轮4072联接到工具安装板4102的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。参见图63和133。旋转驱动组件4070还包括旋转从动齿轮4074,所述旋转从动齿轮与旋转齿轮4062和旋转传动齿轮4072以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板4102上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将通过操作地联接至其而引起旋转传动齿轮4072的旋转。旋转传动齿轮4072的旋转最终引起闭合管段4010的旋转,从而打开和闭合砧座4024,如上所述。
如上所述,端部执行器4012采用如图131和132中示出的切割元件3860。在至少一个非限制性实施例中,传动装置布置4103还包括刀驱动传动装置,所述刀驱动传动装置包括刀驱动组件4080。图133示出了用于轴向推进刀杆4092的刀驱动组件4080的一种形式,所述刀杆使用上述缆线相对于外科工具3800附接到此切割元件。具体地讲,刀杆4092替代外科工具3800的实施例中采用的击发缆线3884。一种形式的刀驱动组件4080包括旋转传动齿轮4082,当工具安装部分4100联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板4102的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63和133。刀驱动组件4080还包括可旋转地支撑在工具安装板4102上的第一旋转从动齿轮组件4084。第一旋转从动齿轮组件4084与第三旋转从动齿轮组件4086接合,所述第三旋转从动齿轮组件可旋转地支撑在工具安装板4102上并与第四旋转从动齿轮组件4088接合,所述第四旋转从动齿轮组件与联接到刀杆4092的驱动轴组件4090的螺纹部分4094接合。旋转传动齿轮4082在第二旋转方向上旋转将引起驱动轴组件4090和刀杆4092在远侧方向“DD”上轴向行进。反之,旋转传动齿轮4082在二级旋转方向(与第二旋转方向相反)上旋转将引起驱动轴组件4090和刀杆4092在近侧方向上运动。击发杆4092在近侧方向“PD”上的运动将在远侧方向“DD”上驱动切割元件3860。反之,击发杆4092在远侧方向“DD”上的运动将引起切割元件3860在近侧方向“PD”上运动。
图134-140示出了可结合机器人系统11000有效使用的另一个外科工具5000。在各种形式中,外科工具5000包括外科缝合器械形式的外科端部执行器5012,所述外科缝合器械包括细长通道5020和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件(例如砧座5070),所述细长通道和可枢转地平移的夹紧构件保持在确保有效缝合和切断夹持在外科端部执行器5012中的组织的间距处。如图136所示,细长通道5020的横截面可以是大致U形的,并且由例如钛、203不锈钢、304不锈钢、416不锈钢、17-4不锈钢、17-7不锈钢、6061或7075铝、铬钢、陶瓷等制成。大致U形的金属通道盘5022可支撑在细长通道5020的底部,如图所示。
各种实施例包括滑动件组件5030形式的致动构件,所述滑动件组件操作地支撑在外科端部执行器5012中,并响应于施加至其上的控制运动在起始位置和结束位置之间轴向运动。在一些形式中,金属通道盘5022具有居中设置的狭槽5024以可运动地容纳滑动件组件5030的基座部分5032。基座部分5032包括支脚部分5034,所述支脚部分的尺寸设定成可滑动地容纳在细长通道5020中的狭槽5021中。参见图136。如图135、136、139和140所示,滑动件组件5030的基座部分5032包括能够通过螺纹容纳在螺纹驱动轴5130上的轴向延伸的螺纹镗孔5036,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。另外,滑动件组件5030包括支撑组织切割刀片或组织切割器械5040的直立支撑部分5038。直立支撑部分5038终止于顶部5042,所述顶部具有从其中突起的横向延伸的一对保持翅片5044。如图136所示,翅片5044定位成容纳在砧座5070中相应的狭槽5072内。当滑动件组件5030朝远侧驱动穿过夹持在外科端部执行器5014中的组织时,翅片5044和支脚5034用于将砧座5070保持在所需的间隔开的闭合位置处。另外如图138和140所示,滑动件组件5030还包括往复或顺序启动的驱动组件5050,以朝闭合砧座5070驱动钉推动器。
更具体地讲并结合图136和137,细长通道5020能够操作地支撑其中的外科钉仓5080。在至少一种形式中,外科钉仓5080包括主体部分5082,所述主体部分可由例如维克特拉(Vectra)、尼龙(6/6或6/12)制成并包括居中设置的狭槽5084,以容纳滑动件组件5030的直立支撑部分5038。参见图136。这些材料还可用10%-40%的玻璃、碳或矿物质填充。外科钉仓5080还包括多个腔体5086以用于可运动地支撑其中成行的或成排的钉支撑推动器5088。腔体5086可排列在间隔开的纵向延伸的行或排5090、5092、5094、5096中。例如,排5090在本文中可被称为第一外侧排。排5092在本文中可被称为第一内侧排。排5094可被称为第二内侧排以及排5096可被称为第二外侧排。第一内侧排5090和第一外侧排5092位于纵向狭槽5084的第一横向侧上,第二内侧排5094和第二外侧排5096位于纵向狭槽5084的第二横向侧上。第一内侧排5092中的第一钉推动器5088相对于第一外侧排5090中的第一钉推动器5088交错排列。相似地,第二外侧排5096中的第二钉推动器5088相对于第二内侧排5094中的第二推动器5088交错排列。每个推动器5088操作地支撑其上的外科钉5098。
在各种实施例中,顺序启动或往复启动的驱动组件5050包括附接到公共轴5056的一对外侧驱动器5052和一对内侧驱动器5054,所述公共轴可旋转地安装在滑动件组件5030的基座5032中。外侧驱动器5052被取向为与设置在通道盘5022中的相应的多个外侧启动腔体5026顺序或往复地接合。同样,内侧驱动器5054被取向为与设置在通道盘5022中的相应的多个内侧启动腔体5028顺序或往复地接合。内侧启动腔体5028相对于邻近的外侧启动腔体5026交错排列。参见图137。另外如图137和139所示,在至少一个实施例中,滑动件组件5030还包括位于镗孔5036的每个侧面上的远侧楔形件段5060和中间楔形件段5062,以当滑动件组件5030在远侧方向“DD”上朝远侧驱动时与推动器5088接合。如上所述,滑动件组件5030通过螺纹容纳在驱动轴5130的螺纹部分5132上,所述驱动轴可旋转地支撑在端部执行器5012中。例如,在各种实施例中,驱动轴5130具有支撑在远侧轴承5136中的远端5134,所述远侧轴承安装在外科端部执行器5012中。参见图136和137。
在各种实施例中,外科端部执行器5012通过细长轴组件5108联接到工具安装部分5200。在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分5200操作地支撑传动装置布置(一般称为5204),所述传动装置能够接收来自机器人系统的旋转输出运动。细长轴组件5108包括可在脊构件5120上旋转和轴向运动的外部闭合管5110,所述脊构件刚性联接到工具安装部分5200的工具安装板5201。脊构件5120还具有联接到外科端部执行器5012的细长通道部分5020的远端5122。
在使用中,围绕由细长轴组件5008限定的纵向工具轴线LT-LT来旋转外科端部执行器5012可能是有利的。在各种实施例中,外部闭合管5110具有近端5112,所述近端通过向前的支撑支架5203可旋转地支撑在工具驱动部分5200的工具安装板5201上。外部闭合管5110的近端5112能够操作地与传动装置布置5204的旋转传动装置部分5206交接。在各种实施例中,外部闭合管5110的近端5112也支撑在闭合滑动件5140上,所述闭合滑动件也可运动地支撑在工具安装板5201上。闭合管齿轮段5114形成在外部闭合管5110的近端5112上,以与旋转传动装置5206的旋转驱动组件5150接合。如图134所示,在至少一个实施例中,旋转驱动组件5150包括旋转传动齿轮5152,当工具驱动部分5200联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板5201的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第一个。旋转驱动组件5150还包括旋转从动齿轮5154,所述旋转从动齿轮以与闭合管齿轮段5114和旋转传动齿轮5152接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板5201上。将来自机器人系统11000的第一旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的从动元件11304以引起旋转传动齿轮5152的旋转。旋转传动齿轮5152的旋转最终引起细长轴组件5108(和端部执行器5012)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT(图134中由箭头“R”表示)旋转。
通过使外部闭合管5110在远侧方向“DD”上轴向运动,实现砧座5070相对于外科钉仓5080的闭合。外部闭合管5110的此类轴向运动可以通过传动装置布置5204的闭合传动装置部分5144实现。如上所述,在各种实施例中,外部闭合管5110的近端5112由闭合滑动件5140支撑,所述闭合滑动件使近端5112相对于其进行旋转,但是随着闭合滑动件5140轴向行进。具体地讲,如图134所示,闭合滑动件5140具有直立的突出部5141,所述直立的突出部延伸到外部闭合管5110的近端部分5112中的径向沟槽5115中。另外,如上所述,闭合滑动件5140可滑动地安装到工具安装板5201。在各种实施例中,闭合滑动件5140具有直立部分5142,所述直立部分具有在其上形成的闭合齿条齿轮5143。闭合齿条齿轮5143能够与闭合传动装置5144驱动接合。
在各种形式中,闭合传动装置5144包括闭合正齿轮5145,所述闭合正齿轮联接到工具安装板5201的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。因此,当接口11230联接到工具安装部分5200时,将来自机器人系统11000的第二旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的第二从动元件11304上将引起闭合正齿轮5145的旋转。闭合传动装置5144还包括以与闭合正齿轮5145和闭合齿条齿轮5143接合的方式而被支撑的从动闭合齿轮组5146。因此,将来自机器人系统11000的第二旋转控制运动通过工具架11270和适配器11240施加到相应的第二从动元件11304将引起闭合正齿轮5145的旋转,并最终轴向驱动闭合滑动件5140和外部闭合管5110。闭合管5110运动的轴向最终取决于第二从动元件11304旋转的方向。例如,响应于接收自机器人系统11000的一个旋转闭合运动,闭合滑动件5140将在远侧方向“DD”上被驱动,并且外部闭合管5110最终也将在远侧方向上被驱动。外部闭合管5110具有远端5116中的开口5117,所述远端能够以上述方式与砧座5070上的突出部5071接合。当朝远侧驱动外部闭合管5110时,闭合管5110的近端5116将接触砧座5070并将其枢转闭合。当施加来自机器人系统11000的“开口”旋转运动时,将在近侧方向“PD”上驱动闭合滑动件5140和外部闭合管5110,并且以上述方式将砧座5070枢转至打开位置。
在至少一个实施例中,驱动轴5130具有近端5137,所述近端具有与之附接的近侧轴齿轮5138。近侧轴齿轮5138以与附接到旋转驱动杆5160的远侧传动齿轮5162接合的方式而被支撑,使用脊构件5120可旋转地支撑所述旋转驱动杆。通过旋转刀传动装置5207来控制旋转驱动杆5160和最终旋转驱动轴5130的旋转,所述旋转刀传动装置包括支撑在工具安装板5210上的传动装置布置5204的一部分。在各种实施例中,旋转刀传动装置5207包括操作地支撑在工具安装板5201上的旋转刀驱动系统5170。在各种实施例中,刀驱动系统5170包括旋转传动齿轮5172,当工具驱动部分5200联接到工具架11270时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板5201的适配器侧上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第三个。刀驱动系统5170还包括第一旋转从动齿轮5174,所述第一旋转从动齿轮以与第二旋转从动齿轮5176和旋转传动齿轮5172接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板5201上。将第二旋转从动齿轮5176联接到旋转驱动杆5160的近端部分5164。
旋转传动齿轮5172在第一旋转方向上的旋转将引起旋转驱动杆5160和旋转驱动轴5130在第一方向上的旋转。反之,旋转传动齿轮5172在第二旋转方向(与第一旋转方向相反)上的旋转将引起旋转驱动杆5160和旋转驱动轴5130在第二方向上的旋转。因此,驱动轴5130的旋转引起驱动套管12400的旋转。
现将描述操作外科工具5000的方法。工具驱动器5200操作地联接到机器人系统11000的接口11240。操作机器人系统11000的控制器11001以将待切割和缝合的组织定位在打开的砧座5070和外科钉仓5080之间。一旦通过机器人系统11000定位外科端部执行器5012而使得靶组织位于砧座5070和外科钉仓5080之间,则可启动机器人系统11000的控制器11001以向与闭合正齿轮5145联接的第二从动元件11304施加第二旋转输出运动,以在远侧方向上轴向驱动闭合滑动件5140和外部闭合管5110,从而以上述方式枢转闭合砧座5070。一旦机器人控制器11001通过例如外科端部执行器5012和/或工具驱动部分5200中的传感器确定砧座5070已闭合,则机器人控制器11001系统可为外科医生提供表明砧座闭合的指示。此类指示可以是例如光和/或可听见的声音、控制构件上的触觉反馈等形式。然后外科医生可引发击发过程。然而,在可供选择的实施例中,机器人控制器11001可自动开始击发过程。
为了开始击发过程,机器人控制器将第三旋转输出运动施加到与旋转传动齿轮5172联接的第三从动盘或从动元件11304。旋转传动齿轮5172的旋转使旋转驱动杆5160和旋转驱动轴5130以上述方式旋转。可以结合图135、137和138最好地理解外科钉5098的击发和成形。当滑动件组件5030在远侧方向“DD”上驱动穿过外科钉仓5080时,远侧楔形件段5060首先接触钉推动器5088并开始使其朝闭合砧座5070运动。当滑动件组件5030继续朝远侧运动时,外侧驱动器5052将落入通道盘5022中的相应的启动腔体5026中。然后,每个外侧驱动器5052的相对端将接触相应的外侧推动器5088,所述外侧推动器使远侧楔形件段5060和中间楔形件段5062向上运动。滑动件组件5030的进一步远侧运动使外侧驱动器5052旋转并朝砧座5070驱动相应的推动器5088,从而当推动器驱动至砧座5070中时使支撑在其上的钉5098成形。应当理解,当滑动件组件5030朝远侧运动时,刀片5040切断夹持在砧座和钉仓之间的组织。因为内侧驱动器5054和外侧驱动器5052附接到相同的轴5056并且内侧驱动器5054与外侧驱动器5052在轴5056上径向错开,当外侧驱动器5052朝砧座5070驱动其相应的推动器5088时,内侧驱动器5054落入其下一个相应的启动腔体5028中,从而使它们以相同的方式朝闭合砧座5070可旋转地或往复地驱动相应的内侧推动器5088。因此,当滑动件组件5030朝远侧被驱动时,在居中设置的狭槽5084的每一侧上的横向对应的外侧钉5098同时一起成形,并且在狭槽5084的每一侧上的横向对应的内侧钉5098同时一起成形。一旦机器人控制器11001通过传感器或通过监测施加到驱动轴5130和/或旋转驱动杆5160的旋转输出量来确定滑动件组件5030已到达其最远侧位置,则控制器11001可将第三旋转输出运动施加到驱动轴5130以在相反方向上旋转驱动轴5130,从而将滑动件组件5030回缩至其起始位置。一旦滑动件组件5030回缩至起始位置(如通过端部执行器5012和/或工具驱动部分5200中的传感器发送信号),则停止向驱动轴5130施加第二旋转运动。然后,外科医生可手动启动砧座打开过程或可通过机器人控制器11001自动开始。为了打开砧座5070,将第二旋转输出运动施加到闭合正齿轮5145,以在近侧方向上轴向驱动闭合滑动件5140和外部闭合管5110。当闭合管5110朝近侧运动时,在闭合管5110远端5116中的开口5117接触砧座5070上的突出部5071,以将砧座5070枢转至打开位置。当闭合管5116返回至起始位置时,也可使用弹簧将砧座5070偏置至打开位置。此外,外科端部执行器5012和/或工具安装部分5200中的传感器可为机器人控制器11001提供表明砧座5070现已打开的信号。然后,外科端部执行器5012可从外科手术部位撤回。
图141-146以图解法示出了外科工具组件5000’中钉的顺序击发,所述外科工具组件基本上类似于上述外科工具组件5000。在该实施例中,内侧驱动器5052’和外侧驱动器5054’具有凸轮形状,其具有如图141-147中示出的凸轮表面5053和致动器凸起5055。驱动器5052’、5054’连接在由滑动件组件5030’可旋转地支撑的相同的轴5056’上。在该实施例中,滑动件组件5030’具有用于接合推动器5088的远侧楔形件段5060’。图141示出了当滑动件组件5030’在远侧方向“DD”上被驱动时两个内侧或外侧驱动器5052’、5054’的初始位置。如图所示,推动器5088a向上推进楔形件段5060’并接触驱动器5052’、5054’。滑动件组件5030’在远侧方向上的进一步行进促使驱动器5052’、5054’在“P”方向(图110)上枢转,直到致动器部分5055接触启动腔体5026、5028的端壁5029a,如图143所示。滑动件组件5030’在远侧方向“DD”上的继续推进促使驱动器5052’、5054’在“D”方向上旋转,如图144所示。当驱动器5052’、5054’旋转时,推动器5088a向上推动凸轮表面5053至图145中示出的最终竖直位置。当推动器5088a到达图145和146中示出的最终竖直位置时,将支撑在其上的钉(未示出)驱动至砧座的钉成形表面以形成钉。
图148-153示出了例如可结合上文详细描述的工具安装部分11300和轴12008使用的外科端部执行器5312。在各种形式中,外科端部执行器5312包括细长通道5322,所述细长通道如上所述能够支撑其中的外科钉仓5330。外科钉仓5330包括主体部分5332,所述主体部分包括用于容纳滑动件组件5380的竖直支撑部分5386的居中设置的狭槽5334。参见图148-150。外科钉仓体部分5332还包括多个腔体5336以用于可运动地支撑其中的钉支撑推动器5350。腔体5336可排列在间隔开的纵向延伸的排5340、5342、5344、5346中。排5340、5342位于纵向狭槽5334的一个横向侧上,并且排5344、5346位于纵向狭槽5334的另一个横向侧上。在至少一个实施例中,推动器5350能够支撑其上的两个外科钉5352。具体地讲,位于细长狭槽5334的一侧上的每个推动器5350支撑处于交错取向的排5340中的一个钉5352和排5342中的一个钉5352。同样,位于细长狭槽5334的另一侧上的每个推动器5350支撑处于交错取向的排5344中的一个外科钉5352和排5346中的另一个外科钉5352。因此,每个推动器5350支撑两个外科钉5352。
如图148、149进一步所示,外科钉仓5330包括多个旋转驱动器5360。更具体地讲,在细长狭槽5334的一侧上的旋转驱动器5360排列在单行5370中并且与行5340、5342中的推动器5350相对应。另外,在细长狭槽5334的另一侧上的旋转驱动器5360排列在单行5372中并且与行5344、5346中的推动器5350相对应。如图148所示,每个旋转驱动器5360可旋转地支撑在钉仓体5332内。更具体地讲,每个旋转驱动器5360可旋转地容纳在相应的驱动器轴5362上。每个驱动器5360具有在其上形成的弓形斜坡部分5364,所述弓形斜坡部分能够接合在每个推动器5350上形成的弓形下表面5354上。参见图153。另外,每个驱动器5360具有底部支撑部分5366,所述底部支撑部分从驱动器延伸以滑动地支撑通道5322上的推动器5360。每个驱动器5360具有能够与滑动件组件5380接合的向下延伸的致动杆5368。
如图150所示,在至少一个实施例中,滑动件组件5380包括基座部分5382,所述基座部分具有支脚部分5384,所述支脚部分的尺寸设定成可滑动地容纳在通道5322中的狭槽5333中。参见图148。滑动件组件5380包括支撑组织切割刀片或组织切割器械5388的直立支撑部分5386。直立支撑部分5386终止于顶部5390,所述顶部具有从其中突起的横向延伸的一对保持翅片5392。将翅片5392定位成容纳于砧座(未示出)中相应的狭槽(未示出)内。正如上述实施例,当滑动件组件5380朝远侧被驱动穿过夹持在外科端部执行器5312中的组织时,翅片5392和支脚部分5384用于将砧座(未示出)保持在所需的间隔开的闭合位置。直立支撑部分5386能够附接到刀杆12200(图69)。滑动件组件5380还具有水平延伸的致动器板5394,将所述水平延伸的致动器板成形为用于与推动器5360上的每个致动杆5368致动接合。
现将结合图148和149描述外科端部执行器5312的操作。当在远侧方向“DD”上驱动滑动件组件5380穿过钉仓5330时,致动器板5394顺序接触推动器5360上的致动杆5368。当滑动件组件5380继续朝远侧运动时,致动器板5394顺序接触细长狭槽5334的每一侧上的驱动器5360的致动器杆5368。此动作使驱动器5360从第一未致动位置旋转至致动部分,在该致动部分中,推动器5350朝闭合砧座被驱动。当推动器5350朝砧座被驱动时,其上的外科钉5352被驱动至与砧座的下侧形成接触。一旦机器人系统11000通过传感器或其他装置确定滑动件组件5080已到达其最远侧位置时,则机器人系统11000的控制系统可将刀杆和滑动件组件5380回缩至起始位置。然后,机器人控制系统可启动用于将砧座返回至打开位置以释放被缝合的组织的过程。
图154-158示出了本发明的自动重新加载系统实施例的一种形式,一般称为5500。在一种形式中,自动重新加载系统5500能够用“新的”外科端部执行器部件替换机器人外科系统的可操纵的外科工具部分中“用过的”外科端部执行器部件。如本文所用,术语“外科端部执行器部件”可包括例如外科钉仓、一次性加载单元、或使用时被用过并且必须用新的部件替换的其他端部执行器部件。此外,术语“用过的”是指端部执行器部件已被启动并且在当前状态下不再可用于所需目的。例如,在外科钉仓或一次性加载单元的上下文中,术语“用过的”是指之前支撑在其中的至少一些未成形的钉已从其“击发”。如本文所用,术语“新的”外科端部执行器部件是指在预期用途条件下的端部执行器部件。在外科钉仓或一次性加载单元的上下文中,例如,术语“新的”是指其中具有未成形的钉并且准备好使用的此类部件。
在各种实施例中,自动重新加载系统5500包括基座部分5502,所述基座部分可在战略上位于机器人系统11000的机械臂车11100(图55)的工作区域11109内。如本文所用,术语“可操纵的外科工具部分”总体上是指本文所公开的各种类型的外科工具和操作地附接到例如机械臂车11100或类似装置的其他形式的外科机器人致动的工具,所述机械臂车或类似装置能够自动地操纵和致动外科工具。本文所用的术语“工作区域”是指机器人系统的可操纵的外科工具部分的运动的范围。图55总体上示出了可包括机械臂车11100的工作区域的区域。本领域的普通技术人员将会知道在此示出的工作区域的形状和尺寸仅为示例性的。工作区域的最后尺寸、形状和位置将最终取决于可操纵的外科工具部分的构造、行进限制的范围和位置。因此,本文所用的术语“工作区域”旨在涵盖多种不同尺寸和形状的工作区域,并且不应限制于图55中示出的样品工作区域的具体尺寸和形状。
如图154所示,基座部分5502包括新的部件支撑部分或布置5510,所述新的部件支撑部分或布置能够在“加载取向”上操作地支撑至少一个新的外科端部执行器部件。如本文所用,术语“加载取向”是指以此方式支撑新的端部执行器部件,以允许可操纵的外科工具部分的相应的部件支撑部分在除了必须的致动机器人系统之外没有人为干预的情况下,与新的端部执行器部件(或使新的端部执行器部件与可操纵的外科工具部分的相应的部件支撑部分加载接合)加载接合(即,操作地位于或操作地附接到新的端部执行器部件)。继续参阅本具体实施方式将进一步理解,在至少一个实施例中,准备护士将在外科手术之前用完成外科手术所需的适当长度和颜色的钉仓(一些外科钉仓可支撑某些尺寸的钉,其尺寸可由仓体的颜色指示)来加载新的部件支撑部分。然而,在外科手术过程中,不需要直接的人机互动来重新加载机器人直线切割器。在一种形式中,外科端部执行器部件包括钉仓12034,所述钉仓能够操作地设置于上述各种其他端部执行器布置的任何部件支撑部分(细长通道)中。出于解释的目的,将新的(未使用的)仓指定为“12034a”并且将用过的仓指定为“12034b”。该图示出了被设计为与包括通道12022和砧座12024的外科端部执行器12012一起使用的仓12034a、12034b,所述通道和砧座的构造和操作在上文中已详细地描述。仓12034a,12034b与上述仓12034相同。在各种实施例中,仓12034a,12034b能够扣合保持(即,加载接合)在外科端部执行器12012的通道12022中。然而,继续参阅本具体实施方式,本领域的普通技术人员将会知道在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,可结合其他仓布置的自动移除和安装而有效地利用自动的仓重新加载系统5500的独特且新颖的特性。
在示出的实施例中,术语“加载取向”是指将新的外科钉仓12034a的远侧末端部分12035a插入到新的仓支撑部分5510的相应的支撑腔体5512中,使得新的外科钉仓12034a的近端部分12037a处于方便的取向,以使臂车11100操纵外科端部执行器12012至如下位置:在该位置,新的仓12034a可自动地加载到外科端部执行器12012的通道12022中。在各种实施例中,基座5502包括至少一个传感器5504,所述传感器与机器人控制器11001的控制系统11003连通,以为控制系统11003提供基座5502的位置和/或每个分段的或新的仓12034a的重新加载长度和颜色。
另外如图所示,基座5502还包括能够收集用过的仓12034b的收集容器5520,所述用过的仓已从操作地附接到机器人系统11000的外科端部执行器12012中移除或脱离。另外,在一种形式中,自动重新加载系统5500包括提取系统5530,在除了必须的启动机器人系统之外无需特定的人为干预的情况下,所述提取系统用于将用过的端部执行器部件从端部执行器或可操纵的外科工具部分的相应的支撑部分中自动地移除。在各种实施例中,提取系统5530包括提取钩构件5532。在一种形式中,例如,提取钩构件5532刚性地支撑在基座部分5502上。在一个实施例中,提取钩构件具有在其上形成的至少一个钩5534,当其支撑在外科端部执行器12012的细长通道12022中时,所述钩能够与用过的仓2034b的远端12035以钩的形式接合。在各种形式中,提取钩构件5532便利地位于收集容器5520的一部分中,使得当用过的端部执行器部件(仓12034b)与提取钩构件5532以提取方式接合时,用过的端部执行器部件(仓12034b)从相应的部件支撑部分(细长通道12022)移除并落入收集容器5020中。因此,为了使用该实施例,可操纵的外科工具部分对附接至其的端部执行器进行操纵,以使其中用过的仓12034b的远端12035与钩5534以钩的形式接合,然后以此方式使端部执行器运动,以将用过的仓12034b从细长通道12022中分离。
在其他布置中,提取钩构件5532包括旋转的轮构型,所述旋转的轮构型具有从其突起的一对沿直径相对的钩5334。参见图154和157。提取钩构件5532可旋转地支撑在收集容器5520中,并联接到由机器人系统的控制器11001所控制的提取马达5540。该形式的自动重新加载系统5500可按如下使用。图156示出了操作地附接到可操纵的外科工具部分11200的外科端部执行器12012的引入。如图所示,机器人系统11000的臂车11100将外科端部执行器12012置于所示的位置,其中提取构件5532的钩端部5534与外科端部执行器12012中用过的仓12034b的远端12035以钩的形式接合。外科端部执行器12012的砧座12024处于打开位置。用过的仓12034b的远端12035与钩端部5532接合后,提取马达5540被致动以旋转提取轮5532,从而使用过的仓12034从通道12022中脱离。为了有助于用过的仓12034b从通道12022中脱离(或如果提取构件5530是固定的),机器人系统11000可在向上的方向上(图157中的箭头“U”)使外科端部执行器12012运动。随着用过的仓12034b从通道12022中分离,用过的仓12034b落入收集容器5520中。一旦用过的仓12034b从外科端部执行器12012中移除,则机器人系统11000使外科端部执行器12012运动至图158中示出的位置。
在各种实施例中,传感器布置5533邻近提取构件5532定位,所述提取构件与机器人系统11000的控制器11001连通。传感器布置5533可包括传感器,当远侧末端部分12035b与提取构件5532接合时,所述传感器能够感测外科端部执行器12012的存在,更具体地感测用过的外科钉仓12034b的顶端12035b的存在。在一些实施例中,传感器布置5533可包括例如光幕布置。然而,可采用其他形式的接近传感器。在此布置中,当具有用过的外科钉仓12034b的外科端部执行器12012与提取构件5532以提取方式接合时,传感器感测外科钉仓12034b的远侧末端12035b(如光幕被损坏)。当提取构件5532旋转并且松散地弹出外科钉仓12034b并落入收集容器5520中时,光幕又一次未被损坏。因为在此过程中未使外科端部执行器12012运动,所以机器人控制器11001确定用过的外科钉仓12034b已从中移除。也可成功地采用其他传感器布置以为机器人控制器11001提供用过的外科钉仓2034b已从外科端部执行器12012中移除的指示。
如图158所示,外科端部执行器12012定位成抓持通道12022和砧座12024之间新的外科钉仓12034a。更具体地讲,如图155和158所示,每个腔体5512具有与之相关的相应的直立的压垫5514。定位外科端部执行器12012使得压垫5514位于新的仓12034a和砧座12024之间。一旦处于该位置,机器人系统11000便将砧座12024闭合到压垫5514上,所述压垫用于推动新的仓12034a至与外科端部执行器12012的通道12022扣合。一旦新的仓12034a已在细长通道12022中扣合到位,则机器人系统11000从自动的仓重新加载系统5500中撤出外科端部执行器12012,以与进行另一个外科手术结合使用。
图159-163示出了另一个自动重新加载系统5600,其可用于从可操纵的外科工具布置3600(图106-119)中移除用过的一次性加载单元3612并重新加载新的一次性加载单元3612,所述可操纵的外科工具装置操作地附接到臂车11100或机器人系统11000的其他部分。如图159和160所示,一种形式的自动重新加载系统5600包括外壳5610,所述外壳具有支撑在其上的旋转转盘顶板5620形式的可移动的支撑组件,所述旋转转盘顶板与外壳5610配合形成中空的封闭区5612。自动重新加载系统5600能够操作地支撑在机器人系统的可操纵的外科工具部分的工作区域中,如上所述。在各种实施例中,旋转转盘板5620具有用于支撑其中的多个取向管5660的多个孔5622。如图160和161所示,旋转转盘板5620附连到芯轴5624上。芯轴5624居中设置在封闭区5612内并具有附接至其的芯轴齿轮5626。芯轴齿轮5626与联接到转盘驱动马达5630的转盘传动齿轮5628接合,所述转盘驱动马达与机器人系统11000的机器人控制器11001操作地连通。
自动重新加载系统5600的各种实施例还可包括转盘锁定组件,一般称为5640。在各种形式中,转盘锁定组件5640包括附连到芯轴5624上的凸轮盘5642。芯轴齿轮5626可附接到凸轮盘5642的下侧,并且凸轮盘5642可键锁到芯轴5624。在可供选择的布置中,芯轴齿轮5626和凸轮盘5642可独立地非旋转地附连到芯轴5624。如图160和161所示,多个凹口5644围绕凸轮盘5642的周边间隔开。锁定臂5648可枢转地安装到外壳5610中,并通过锁定弹簧5649被偏置到与凸轮盘5642的周边接合。如图159所示,凸轮盘5642的外周边是圆形的以有利于相对于锁定臂5648旋转凸轮盘5642。每个凹口5644的边缘也是圆形的,使得当凸轮盘5642旋转时,通过凸轮盘5642的周边使锁定臂5648与凹口5644脱离。
各种形式的自动重新加载系统5600能够支撑便携式/可替换的托盘组件5650,所述托盘组件能够在单个取向管5660中支撑多个一次性加载单元3612。更具体地讲并结合图160和161,可替换的托盘组件5650包括具有从其底侧突起的居中设置的定位芯轴5654的托盘5652。定位芯轴5654的尺寸设定成能够容纳在芯轴5624的中空端部5625中。托盘5652中具有能够支撑其中的取向管5660的多个孔5656。每个取向管5660在期望方向上通过取向管5660上的定位翅片5666被定位在可替换的托盘组件5650中的对应孔5656中,所述取向管被设计为容纳在托盘组件5650中相应的定位狭槽5658中。在至少一个实施例中,定位翅片5666具有大致V形的横截面形状,所述横截面形状的尺寸设定成适合在V形定位狭槽5658中。此布置用于在所需的起始位置处定位取向管5660,同时当向其施加旋转运动时,使其在孔5656中旋转。即,当向取向管5660施加旋转运动时,V形定位翅片5666将从其相应的定位狭槽中弹出,从而使管5660相对于托盘5652旋转,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。另外如图159-161所示,可替换的托盘5652可设有一个或多个柄部部分5653,以当加载有取向管5660时有利于托盘组件5652的传输。
如图162所示,每个取向管5660包括具有凸缘式开口端5664的主体部分5662。主体部分5662限定腔体5668,所述腔体的尺寸设定成能够在其中容纳一次性加载单元3612的一部分。为了对一次性加载单元3612在取向管5660中进行正确取向,腔体5668具有在其中形成的平坦的定位表面5670。如图163所示,平坦的定位表面5670能够有利于在所需的或预定的非旋转方向上将一次性加载单元插入到腔体5668中。另外,腔体5668的端部5669可包括泡沫或缓冲材料5672,所述泡沫或缓冲材料被设计为缓冲腔体5668内的一次性加载单元3612的远端。另外,定位表面的长度可与一次性加载单元3612的轴向驱动组件3680的滑动支撑构件3689配合,以进一步将一次性加载单元3612定位在取向管5660中的所需位置。
取向管5660可由尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯、液晶聚合物、6061或7075铝、钛、300或400系列不锈钢、涂布的或涂漆钢、电镀钢等制成,并且当加载到可替换的托盘5662并且定位芯轴5654插入到芯轴5624的中空端部5625中时,取向管5660延伸穿过转盘顶板5620中相应的孔5662。每个可替换的托盘5662配备有与机器人系统11000的控制器11001的控制系统11003连通的位置传感器5663。传感器5663用于确定重新加载系统的位置,以及容纳在托盘中的每个重新加载件的数量、长度、颜色和击发状态。另外,与机器人控制器11001连通的一个或多个光学传感器5665可用于感测加载到位于托盘5662中的一次性加载单元的类型/尺寸/长度。
自动重新加载系统5600的各种实施例还包括用于将旋转运动施加到取向管5660的驱动组件5680,从而将一次性加载单元3612保持附接到外科工具3600(总体上为“可操纵的外科工具部分”)的轴3700,所述外科工具操作地联接到机器人系统。驱动组件5680包括附接到锁定臂5648的支撑轭5682。因此,支撑轭5682随着锁定臂5648枢转。支撑轭5682可旋转地支撑管惰轮5684和管驱动轮5686,所述管驱动轮由附接至其的管马达5688驱动。管马达5688与控制系统11003连通并受其控制。管惰轮5684和管驱动轮5686由例如天然橡胶、三都平(sanoprene)、热塑性聚氨酯树脂(isoplast)等制成,使得其外表面产生足够量的摩擦力,以在管马达5688启动时使与之接触的取向管5660旋转。惰轮5684和管驱动轮5686相对于彼此取向,以在两者间形成支架区域5687以用于容纳其中驱动接合的取向管5060。
在使用中,加载到自动重新加载系统5600中的一个或多个取向管5660是空的,同时其他取向管5660操作地支撑其中相应的新的一次性加载单元3612。如将在下文中进一步详细地描述,使用空的取向管5660容纳其中用过的一次性加载单元3612。
在系统5600定位在机器人系统的可操纵的外科工具部分的工作区域内之后,可按如下使用自动重新加载系统5600。如果可操纵的外科工具部分具有操作地与之联接的用过的一次性加载单元3612,则支撑在可替换的托盘5662上的取向管5660中的一个是空的,以容纳其中用过的一次性加载单元3612。然而,如果可操纵的外科工具部分不具有操作地与之联接的一次性加载单元3612,则每个取向管5660可设有适当取向的新的一次性加载单元3612。
如上所述,一次性加载单元3612采用旋转的“卡口式”连接布置,以将一次性加载单元3612操作地联接到可操纵的外科工具部分的对应部分。即,为了将一次性加载单元3612附接到可操纵的外科工具部分(3700-参见图112、113)的对应部分,当那些部件已运动至彼此加载接合时,必须将旋转安装运动施加到一次性加载单元3612和/或可操纵的外科工具部分的对应部分。此类安装运动在本文统称为“加载运动”。同样,为了将用过的一次性加载单元3612从可操纵的外科工具的相应部分中脱离,必须施加旋转脱离运动到用过的一次性加载单元3612和/或可操纵的外科工具部分的相应部分,同时运动用过的一次性加载单元和可操纵的外科工具的相应部分使之彼此远离。此类脱离运动统称为“提取运动”。
为了开始加载过程,启动机器人系统11000以操纵可操纵的外科工具部分和/或自动重新加载系统5600以使可操纵的外科工具部分与新的一次性加载单元3612加载接合,所述新的一次性加载单元支撑在与驱动组件5680驱动接合的取向管5660中。一旦机器人控制系统11000的机器人控制器11001(图54)将可操纵的外科工具部分定位成与新的一次性加载单元3612加载接合,机器人控制器11001启动驱动组件5680以施加旋转加载运动到其中支撑有新的一次性加载单元3612的取向管5660,和/或施加另一个旋转加载运动到可操纵的外科工具部分的相应部分。在施加此类旋转加载运动时,机器人控制器11001还使可操纵的外科工具部分的相应部分朝新的一次性加载单元3612运动至与之加载接合。一旦一次性加载单元3612与可操纵的工具部分的相应部分加载接合,加载运动中止并且可使可操纵的外科工具部分运动远离自动重新加载系统5600,所述自动重新加载系统附带有与之操作地联接的新的一次性加载单元3612。
为了将用过的一次性加载单元3612从相应的可操纵的外科工具部分中脱离,机器人系统的机器人控制器11001操纵可操纵的外科工具部分,以将用过的一次性加载单元3612的远端插入到空的取向管5660中,所述取向管与驱动组件5680保持驱动接合。然后,机器人控制器11001启动驱动组件5680,以施加旋转提取运动到其中支撑有用过的一次性加载单元3612的取向管5660和/或施加旋转提取运动到可操纵的外科工具部分的相应部分。机器人控制器11001还使可操纵的外科工具部分从用过的旋转的一次性加载单元3612中撤离。然后,停止旋转提取运动。
用过的一次性加载单元3612从可操纵的外科工具部分中移除之后,机器人控制器11001可启动转盘驱动马达5630,以导引转盘顶板5620使另一个取向管5660与驱动组件5680驱动接合,所述另一个取向管支撑其中的新的一次性加载单元3612。然后,可重复加载过程,以将其中新的一次性加载单元3612附接到可操纵的外科工具部分的相应部分。机器人控制器11001可记录已从特定的可替换托盘5652中使用的一次性加载单元的数量。一旦控制器11001确定从此托盘中使用了所有新的一次性加载单元3612,则控制器11001可为外科医生提供如下信号(可视的和/或可听的),所述信号表明支撑所有用过的一次性加载单元3612的托盘5652必须被容纳新的一次性加载单元3612的新的托盘5652所替换。
图164-169示出了非常适于与具有工具驱动组件11010(图59)的机器人系统11000一起使用的本发明的外科工具6000的另一个非限制性实施例,所述工具驱动组件操作地联接到通过操作者(即,外科医生)的输入而运行的主控制器11001。如可在图164中所见,外科工具6000包括外科端部执行器6012,所述端部执行器包括直线切割器。在至少一种形式中,外科工具6000通常包括细长轴组件6008,所述细长轴组件具有通过关节运动接头6100联接在一起的近侧闭合管6040和远侧闭合管6042。外科工具6000通过工具安装部分(一般称为6200)操作地联接到操纵器。外科工具6000还包括接口6030,所述接口可以上述详细描述的各种方式将工具安装部分6200机械地和电力地联接到操纵器。
在至少一个实施例中,外科工具6000包括外科端部执行器6012,所述外科端部执行器此外包括至少一个部件6024,所述部件相对于至少一个其他部件6022在第一位置和第二位置之间响应于施加到部件6024的各种控制运动而选择性地运动,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述,从而进行外科手术。在各种实施例中,部件6022包括能够操作地支撑其中的外科钉仓6034的细长通道6022,并且部件6024包括可枢转地平移的夹紧构件,例如砧座6024。外科端部执行器6012的各种实施例能够使砧座6024和细长通道6022保持在确保有效缝合和切断夹持在外科端部执行器6012中的组织的间距处。除非另外说明,否则端部执行器6012类似于上述外科端部执行器12012并包括切割器械(未示出)和滑动件(未示出)。砧座6024可包括位于其近端的突出部6027,所述突出部与机械闭合系统(下文中进一步描述)的部件相互作用以利于砧座6024的打开。细长通道6022和砧座6024可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得它们可作为与端部执行器中的一个或多个传感器连通的天线的一部分,如上所述。外科钉仓6034可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成,并且传感器可连接到或设置在外科钉仓6034中,也如上所述。
如图164所示,根据各种实施例,通过细长轴组件6008将外科端部执行器6012附接到工具安装部分6200。如图示实施例中所示,细长轴组件6008包括关节运动接头(一般称为6100),所述关节运动接头使外科端部执行器6012围绕基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT的第一工具关节运动轴线AA1-AA1和基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT以及第一关节运动轴线AA1-AA1的第二工具关节运动轴线AA2-AA2选择性地进行关节运动。参见图165。在各种实施例中,细长轴组件6008包括闭合管组件6009,所述闭合管组件包括通过枢转连接件6044和6046枢转地连接的近侧闭合管6040和远侧闭合管6042。闭合管组件6009可运动地支撑在脊组件上(一般称为6102)。
如可在图166中所见,近侧闭合管6040通过上部枢转连接件6044U和下部枢转连接件6044L可枢转地连接到中间闭合管接头6043,使得中间闭合管接头6043围绕第一闭合轴线CA1-CA1和第二闭合轴线CA2-CA2相对于近侧闭合管6040枢转。在各种实施例中,第一闭合轴线CA1-CA1基本上平行于第二闭合轴线CA2-CA2,并且两根闭合轴线CA1-CA1,CA2-CA2基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT。如图134进一步所示,中间闭合管接头6043通过左侧枢转连接件6046L和右侧枢转连接件6046R可枢转地连接到远侧闭合管6042,使得中间闭合管接头6043围绕第三闭合轴线CA3-CA3和第四闭合轴线CA4-CA4相对于远侧闭合管6042枢转。在各种实施例中,第三闭合轴线CA3-CA3基本上平行于第四闭合轴线CA4-CA4,并且两根闭合轴线CA3-CA3,CA4-CA4基本上横向于第一闭合轴线CA1-CA1和第二闭合轴线CA2-CA2以及纵向工具轴线LT-LT。
闭合管组件6009能够响应于施加至其上的致动运动在脊组件6102上轴向滑动。远侧闭合管6042包括开口6045,所述开口与砧座6024上的突出部6027交接以当远侧闭合管6042在近侧方向“PD”上轴向运动时有利于砧座6024的打开。闭合管6040、6042可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成,使得其可以用作天线的一部分,如上所述。脊组件6102的部件可以由非导电材料(例如塑料)制成。
如上所述,外科工具6000包括工具安装部分6200,所述工具安装部分能够以上文详细描述的方式操作地附接到机器人系统11000的工具安装组件11010。如图168所示,工具安装部分6200包括操作地支撑其上的传动装置布置6204的工具安装板6202。在各种实施例中,传动装置布置6204包括关节运动传动装置6142,所述关节运动传动装置包括关节运动系统6140的一部分,以围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1和第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2使外科端部执行器6012进行关节运动。第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1基本上横向于第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2,第一工具关节运动轴线和第二工具关节运动轴线均基本上横向于纵向工具轴线LT-LT。参见图165。
为了有利于使外科端部执行器6012围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1和第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2选择性地进行关节运动,脊组件6102包括近侧脊部分6110,所述近侧脊部分通过枢轴销6122可枢转地联接到远侧脊部分6120以围绕TA1-TA1选择性地枢转行进。相似地,远侧脊部分6120通过枢轴销6124可枢转地附接到外科端部执行器6012的细长通道6022,以使外科端部执行器6012围绕第二工具轴线TA2-TA2相对于远侧脊部分6120选择性地枢转。
在各种实施例中,关节运动系统6140还包括操作地与外科端部执行器6012交接的多个关节运动元件,以及操作地支撑在工具安装构件6200中的关节运动控制布置6160,如将在下文中进一步详细地描述。在至少一个实施例中,关节运动元件包括第一对第一关节运动缆线6144和6146。第一关节运动缆线位于纵向工具轴线的第一或右侧上。因此,第一关节运动缆线在本文中称为右上部缆线6144和右下部缆线6146。右上部缆线6144和右下部缆线6146沿着近侧脊部分6110的右侧分别延伸穿过相应的通路6147、6148。参见图169。关节运动系统6140还包括第二对第二关节运动缆线6150、6152。第二关节运动缆线位于纵向工具轴线的第二或左侧上。因此,第二关节运动缆线在本文中称为左上部关节运动缆线6150和左下部关节运动缆线6152。左上部关节运动缆线6150和左下部关节运动缆线6152在近侧脊部分6110中分别延伸穿过通路6153、6154。
如图165所示,右上部缆线6144围绕上部枢转接头6123延伸并且在左侧枢转接头6125处附接到细长通道6022的左上侧。右下部缆线6146围绕下部枢转接头6126延伸并且在左侧枢转接头6125处附接到细长通道6022的左下侧。左上部缆线6150围绕上部枢转接头6123延伸并且在右侧枢转接头6127处附接到细长通道6022的右上侧。左下部缆线6152围绕下部枢转接头6126延伸并且在右侧枢转接头6127处附接到细长通道6022的右下侧。因此,为了围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1使外科端部执行器6012向左(箭头“L”)枢转,必须在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右上部缆线6144和右下部缆线6146。为了围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1使外科端部执行器6012向右(箭头“R”)进行关节运动,必须在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉左上部缆线6150和左下部缆线6152。为了在向上的方向(箭头“U”)上围绕第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2使外科端部执行器6012进行关节运动,必须在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右上部缆线6144和左上部缆线6150。为了在向下的方向(箭头“DW”)上围绕第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2使外科端部执行器6012进行关节运动,必须在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右下部缆线6146和左下部缆线6152。
关节运动缆线6144、6146、6150、6152的近端联接到包括球形接头组件的关节运动控制布置6160,所述球形接头组件是关节运动传动装置6142的一部分。更具体地讲并结合图169,球形接头组件6160包括在近侧脊6110的近侧部分上形成的球形构件6162。关节运动控制环6164可运动地支撑在球形构件6162上。如图169进一步所示,关节运动缆线6144、6146、6150、6152的近端通过相应的球形接头布置6166联接到关节运动控制环6164。关节运动控制环6164由关节运动驱动组件6170控制。尤其如图169所示,将第一关节运动缆线6144、6146的近端在位于平面6159上的相应间隔开的第一点6149、6151处附接到关节运动控制环6164。同样,将第二关节运动缆线6150、6152的近端在也沿着平面6159设置的相应间隔开的第二点6153、6155处附接到关节运动控制环6164。继续参阅本具体实施方式,本领域的普通技术人员将会知道,当关节运动控制环6164由关节运动驱动组件6170操纵时,关节运动控制环6164上的此类缆线附接构型有利于所需范围内的关节运动动作。
在各种形式中,关节运动驱动组件6170包括水平关节运动组件(一般称为6171)。在至少一种形式中,水平关节运动组件6171包括附接到水平齿轮布置6180的水平推动缆线6172。关节运动驱动组件6170还包括竖直关节运动组件(一般称为6173)。在至少一种形式中,竖直关节运动组件6173包括附接到竖直齿轮布置6190的竖直推动缆线6174。如图168和169所示,水平推动缆线6172延伸穿过附接到近侧脊部分6110的支撑板6167。水平推动缆线6174的远端通过相应的球形/枢转接头6168附接到关节运动控制环6164。竖直推动缆线6174延伸穿过支撑板6167,并且其远端通过相应的球形/枢转接头6169附接到关节运动控制环6164。
水平齿轮布置6180包括枢转地安装到水平轴6181上的水平从动齿轮6182,所述水平轴附接到近侧脊部分6110的近侧部分。水平推动缆线6172的近端可枢转地附接到水平从动齿轮6182,使得当水平从动齿轮6172围绕水平枢转轴线HA旋转时,水平推动缆线6172施加第一枢转运动到关节运动控制环6164。同样,竖直齿轮布置6190包括竖直从动齿轮6192,所述竖直从动齿轮可枢转地支撑在与近侧脊部分6110的近侧部分附接的竖直轴6191上,以便围绕竖直枢转轴线VA枢转行进。竖直推动缆线6174的近端可枢转地附接到竖直从动齿轮6192,使得当竖直从动齿轮6192围绕竖直枢转轴线VA旋转时,竖直推动缆线6174施加第二枢转运动到关节运动控制环6164。
水平从动齿轮6182和竖直从动齿轮6192通过操作地与关节运动移位器组件6320交接的关节运动齿轮系6300驱动。在至少一种形式中,关节运动移位器组件包括关节运动传动齿轮6322,所述关节运动传动齿轮联接到工具安装板6202的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的一个。参见图63。因此,当接口11230联接到工具架11270时,将来自机器人系统11000的旋转输入运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的从动元件11304上,从而将引起关节运动传动齿轮6322的旋转。将关节运动从动齿轮6324附接到可旋转地支撑在工具安装板6202上的花键式移位器轴6330。关节运动从动齿轮6324与关节运动传动齿轮6322接合,如图所示。因此,关节运动传动齿轮6322的旋转将引起轴6330的旋转。在各种形式中,移位器从动齿轮组件6340可运动地支撑在移位器轴6330的花键部分6332上。
在各种实施例中,移位器从动齿轮组件6340包括附接到移位器板6344的从动移位器齿轮6342。移位器板6344与移位器螺线管组件6350操作地交接。移位器螺线管组件6350通过导体6352联接至相应的销6352。参见图168。将销6352取向为与适配器11240的工具侧11244上的狭槽11258(图62)电连通。此布置用于将移位器螺线管组件6350电联接到机器人控制器11001。因此,移位器螺线管6350的启动将如图168和169中的箭头“S”所示使移位器轴6330的花键部分6332上的移位器从动齿轮组件6340发生偏移。关节运动齿轮系6300的各种实施例还包括水平齿轮组件6360,所述水平齿轮组件包括安装在可旋转地附接到工具安装板6202的轴6361上的第一水平传动齿轮6362。第一水平传动齿轮6362以与第二水平传动齿轮6364接合的方式而支撑。如图169所示,水平从动齿轮6182与第二水平从动齿轮6364的远侧面部分6365接合。
关节运动齿轮系6300的各种实施例还包括竖直齿轮组件6370,所述竖直齿轮组件包括安装在可旋转地支撑在工具安装板6202上的轴6371上的第一竖直传动齿轮6372。第一竖直传动齿轮6372以与第二竖直传动齿轮6374接合的方式而被支撑,第二水平传动齿轮6364与所述第二竖直传动齿轮被同心地支撑。第二竖直传动齿轮6374可旋转地支撑在近侧脊部分6110上以绕其行进。第二水平传动齿轮6364可旋转地支撑在所述第二竖直传动齿轮6374的一部分上以独立地在其上旋转行进。如图169所示,竖直从动齿轮6192与第二竖直从动齿轮6374的远侧面部分6375接合。
在各种形式中,第一水平传动齿轮6362具有第一直径并且第一竖直传动齿轮6372具有第二直径。如图168和169所示,轴6361与轴6371不在公共轴线上。即,第一水平从动齿轮6362和第一竖直从动齿轮6372不围绕公共轴线旋转。因此,当移位器齿轮6342设置在中心“锁定”位置使得移位器齿轮6342与第一水平从动齿轮6362和第一竖直传动齿轮6372接合时,关节运动系统6140的部件被锁定就位。因此,可移动的移位器齿轮6342和第一水平和竖直传动齿轮6362,6372的布置以及关节运动移位器组件6320可统称为关节运动锁定系统(一般称为6380)。
在使用中,机器人系统11000的机器人控制器11001可按如下控制关节运动系统6140。为了围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1使端部执行器6012向左进行关节运动,机器人控制器11001启动移位器螺线管组件6350,以使移位器齿轮6342与第一水平传动齿轮6362接合。然后,控制器11001施加第一旋转输出运动到关节运动传动齿轮6322,以在第一方向上驱动移位器齿轮,从而最终在另一个第一方向上驱动水平从动齿轮6182。驱动水平从动齿轮6182以枢转球形部分6162上的关节运动环6164,从而在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右上部缆线6144和右下部缆线6146。为了围绕第一工具关节运动轴线TA1-TA1使端部执行器6012向右进行关节运动,机器人控制器11001启动移位器螺线管组件6350,以使移位器齿轮6342与第一水平传动齿轮6362接合。然后,控制器11001在相反方向上施加第一旋转输出运动到关节运动传动齿轮6322,以在第二方向上驱动移位器齿轮6342,从而最终在另一个第二方向上驱动水平从动齿轮6182。此动作使关节运动控制环6164以此方式运动以在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉左上部缆线6150和左下部缆线6152。在各种实施例中,当致动水平齿轮组件6360时,在竖直齿轮组件6370的齿轮之间产生的齿轮比和摩擦力用于防止竖直从动齿轮6192的旋转。
为了围绕第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2在向上的方向上使端部执行器6012进行关节运动,机器人控制器11001启动移位器螺线管组件6350,以使移位器齿轮6342与第一竖直传动齿轮6372接合。然后,控制器11001施加第一旋转输出运动到关节运动传动齿轮6322,以在第一方向上驱动移位器齿轮6342,从而最终在另一个第一方向上驱动竖直从动齿轮6192。驱动竖直从动齿轮6192以枢转近侧脊部分6110的球形部分6162上的关节运动环6164,从而在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右上部缆线6144和左上部缆线6150。为了围绕第二工具关节运动轴线TA2-TA2在向下的方向上使端部执行器6012进行关节运动,机器人控制器11001启动移位器螺线管组件6350,以使移位器齿轮6342与第一竖直驱动齿轮6372接合。然后,控制器11001在相反方向上施加第一旋转输出运动到关节运动传动齿轮6322,以在第二方向上驱动移位器齿轮6342,从而最终在另一个第二方向上驱动竖直从动齿轮6192。从而此动作使关节运动控制环6164在近侧方向“PD”上牵拉右下部缆线6146和左下部缆线6152。在各种实施例中,当致动竖直齿轮组件6370时,在水平齿轮组件6360的齿轮之间产生的齿轮比和摩擦力用于防止水平从动齿轮6182的旋转。
在各种实施例中,多个传感器可以与机器人控制器11001连通,以确定端部执行器6012的关节运动位置。例如,此类传感器可与关节运动接头6100交接或位于工具安装部分6200中。例如,可以使用传感器以检测近侧脊部分6110的球形部分6162上的关节运动控制环6164的位置。来自传感器至控制器11001的此类反馈允许控制器11001调节关节运动传动齿轮6322的旋转量和旋转输出的方向。另外,如上所述,当移位器传动齿轮6342居中设置成与第一水平传动齿轮6362和第一竖直传动齿轮6372接合时,端部执行器6012被锁定在关节运动位置。因此,获得所需的关节运动量之后,控制器11001可启动移位器螺线管组件6350,以使移位器齿轮6342与第一水平传动齿轮6362和第一竖直传动齿轮6372接合。在可供选择的实施例中,可将移位器螺线管组件6350弹簧启动至中心锁定位置。
在使用中,围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转外科端部执行器6012可能是有利的。在至少一个实施例中,工具安装部分上的传动装置布置6204包括旋转的传动装置组件6400,所述旋转的传动装置组件能够接收来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的相应的旋转输出运动,并将此旋转输出运动转化成旋转控制运动,以使细长轴组件6008(和外科端部执行器6012)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。在各种实施例中,例如,近侧闭合管6040的近端部分6041通过向前的支撑支架6205以及也可运动地支撑在工具安装板6202上的闭合滑动件6510而旋转地支撑在工具安装部分6200的工具安装板6202上。在至少一种形式中,旋转的传动装置组件6400包括管齿轮段6402,所述管齿轮段形成于(或附接到)近侧闭合管6040的近端6041上,以通过操作地支撑在工具安装板6202上的旋转齿轮组件6410操作地接合。如图168所示,在至少一个实施例中,旋转齿轮组件6410包括旋转传动齿轮6412,当工具安装部分6200联接到工具驱动组件11010时,所述旋转传动齿轮联接到工具安装板6202的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63。旋转齿轮组件6410还包括第一旋转从动齿轮6414,所述第一旋转从动齿轮与旋转传动齿轮6412以接合的方式而被旋转地支撑在工具安装板6202上。第一旋转从动齿轮6414附接到可旋转地支撑在工具安装板6202上的驱动轴6416。第二旋转从动齿轮6418附接到驱动轴6416,并与在近侧闭合管6040上的管齿轮段6402接合。将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第二旋转输出运动施加到相应的从动元件11304,从而将引起旋转传动齿轮6412的旋转。旋转传动齿轮6412的旋转最终导致细长轴组件6008(和外科端部执行器6012)围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。应当理解,在一个方向上施加来自工具驱动组件11010的旋转输出运动将引起细长轴组件6008和外科端部执行器6012围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT在第一方向上旋转,并且在相对的方向上施加旋转输出运动将引起细长轴组件6008和外科端部执行器6012在相对于第一方向的第二方向上旋转。
在至少一个实施例中,通过在脊组件12049上沿着远侧方向“DD”使细长轴组件12008的闭合部分轴向运动来实现砧座12024相对于钉仓2034的闭合。如上所述,在各种实施例中,近侧闭合管6040的近端部分6041由闭合滑动件6510支撑,所述闭合滑动件包括闭合传动装置(一般描述为6512)的一部分。如图168所示,近侧闭合管部分6040的近端部分6041具有在其上形成的衬圈6048。闭合滑动件6510通过与衬圈6048中的环形沟槽6049接合的轭6514与衬圈6048联接。此布置用于使衬圈6048在保持与闭合传动装置6512联接的同时围绕纵向工具轴线LT-LT旋转。在各种实施例中,闭合滑动件6510具有直立部分6516,所述直立部分具有在其上形成的闭合齿条齿轮6518。闭合齿条齿轮6518能够与闭合齿轮组件6520驱动接合。参见图168。
在各种形式中,闭合齿轮组件6520包括闭合正齿轮6522,所述闭合正齿轮联接到工具安装板6202的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第二个。参见图63。因此,当工具安装部分6202联接到工具驱动组件11010时,将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第三旋转输出运动施加到相应的第二从动元件11304上将引起闭合正齿轮6522的旋转。闭合齿轮组件6520还包括以与闭合正齿轮6522和闭合齿条齿轮2106接合的方式而被支撑的闭合减速齿轮组6524。因此,将来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的第三旋转输出运动施加到相应的第二从动元件11304将引起闭合正齿轮6522和闭合传动装置6512的旋转,并且最终在近侧脊部分6110上轴向驱动闭合滑动件6510和近侧闭合管6040。近侧闭合管6040运动的轴向最终取决于第三从动元件11304旋转的方向。例如,响应于从机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010接收的一个旋转输出运动,将在远侧方向“DD”上驱动闭合滑动件6510并且最终在远侧方向“DD”上驱动近侧闭合管6040。当朝远侧驱动近侧闭合管6040时,通过其与近侧闭合管6040的连接,还朝远侧驱动远侧闭合管6042。当朝远侧驱动远侧闭合管6042时,闭合管6042的端部将接合砧座6024的一部分并使砧座6024枢转到闭合位置。当施加来自机器人系统11000的工具驱动组件11010的“开口”输出运动时,将在近侧脊部分6110上沿着近侧方向“PD”驱动闭合滑动件6510和近侧闭合管6040。当在近侧方向“PD”上驱动近侧闭合管6040时,还将在近侧方向“PD”上驱动远侧闭合管6042。当在近侧方向“PD”上驱动远侧闭合管6042时,其中的开口6045与砧座6024上的突出部6027相互作用以利于其打开。在各种实施例中,当远侧闭合管6042运动至其起始位置时,可使用弹簧(未示出)以将砧座6024偏置至打开位置。在各种实施例中,闭合齿轮组件6520的各种齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生所需的必要的闭合力,所述闭合力满意地在待由外科端部执行器6012切割和缝合的组织上闭合砧座6024。例如,闭合传动装置6520的齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生大约70-120磅的闭合力。
在各种实施例中,通过刀杆6530驱动切割器械穿过外科端部执行器6012。参见图168。在至少一种形式中,刀杆6530由接头布置(未示出)制成和/或由如下材料制成:所述材料在保持足够的刚性的同时可适应外科端部执行器6102围绕第一工具关节运动轴线和第二工具关节运动轴线而进行的关节运动,以推动切割器械穿过夹持在外科端部执行器6012中的组织。刀杆6530延伸穿过近侧脊部分6110中的中空通路6532。
在各种实施例中,刀杆6530的近端6534可旋转地附连到刀齿条齿轮6540上,使得刀杆6530相对于刀齿条齿轮6540自由旋转。刀杆6530的远端以上述各种方式附接到切割器械。如图168所示,刀齿条齿轮6540可滑动地支撑在附接到工具安装板6202的齿条外壳6542内,使得刀齿条齿轮6540保持与传动装置布置6204的刀驱动传动装置部分6550接合。在各种实施例中,刀驱动传动装置部分6550包括刀齿轮组件6560。更具体地讲并结合图168,在至少一个实施例中,刀齿轮组件6560包括刀正齿轮6562,所述刀正齿轮联接到工具安装板6202的适配器侧11307上相应的从动盘或从动元件11304中的第四个。参见图63。因此,将来自机器人系统11000的另一旋转输出运动通过工具驱动组件11010施加到相应的第四从动元件11304将引起刀正齿轮6562的旋转。刀齿轮组件6560还包括刀减速齿轮组6564,所述刀减速齿轮组包括第一刀从动齿轮6566和第二刀传动齿轮6568。刀减速齿轮6564可旋转地安装到工具安装板6202上,使得第一刀从动齿轮6566与刀正齿轮6562接合。同样,第二刀传动齿轮6568与第三刀传动齿轮组件6570接合。如图168所示,第二刀从动齿轮6568与第三刀传动齿轮组件6570的第四刀从动齿轮6572接合。第四刀从动齿轮6572与第五刀从动齿轮组件6574接合,所述第五刀从动齿轮组件与刀齿条齿轮6540接合。在各种实施例中,刀齿轮组件6560的齿轮的尺寸设定成能够产生驱动切割器械穿过夹持在外科端部执行器6012中的组织并致动其中的钉所需的力。例如,刀齿轮组件6560的齿轮的尺寸可设定成能够产生大约40-100磅的驱动力。应当理解,在一个方向上施加来自工具驱动组件11010的旋转输出运动将引起切割器械在远侧方向上轴向运动,并且在相对的方向上施加旋转输出运动将引起切割器械在近侧方向上轴向运动。
通过上述说明可以理解,外科工具6000代表对现有机器人工具布置的大幅改进。外科工具6000采用的独特的和新颖的传动装置布置使该工具操作地联接到仅具有四个旋转输出主体的机器人系统的工具架部分11010,另外从其获得旋转输出运动以:(i)围绕基本上彼此横向的以及横向于纵向工具轴线的两条不同的关节运动轴线使端部执行器进行关节运动;(ii)围绕纵向工具轴线旋转端部执行器6012;(iii)相对于外科钉仓6034不同程度地闭合砧座6024以使端部执行器6012能够用于操纵组织然后将其夹紧到适当位置以用于切割和缝合;以及(iv)击发切割器械以切割夹持在端部执行器6012中的组织。上述本发明的各种实施例的独特的和新颖的移位器布置使得两种不同的关节运动动作从机器人系统的单个旋转主体部分获得动力。
以上已经结合切割型外科器械对本发明的各种实施例进行了描述。然而,应该指出的是,在其它实施例中,本文公开的本发明的外科器械不必为切割型外科器械,而是可被用于包括遥感器转发器的任何类型的外科器械中。例如,其可为非切割内窥镜式器械、抓紧器、缝合器、施加器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、利用超声波、射频、激光等的能量装置。此外,本发明例如可为腹腔镜式器械。本发明也可在传统的内窥镜式和开放式外科器械以及机器人辅助的手术中得到应用。
图170示出了结合具有超声动力的端部执行器7012的外科工具7000使用本发明的某些实施例的各个方面。端部执行器7012通过细长轴组件7008操作地附接到工具安装部分7100。工具安装部分7100可基本上类似于上述各种工具安装部分。在一个实施例中,端部执行器7012包括超声动力的钳口部分7014,所述超声动力的钳口部分由交流电或直流电以已知方式提供动力。此类超声动力的装置在例如名称为“Robotic Surgical ToolWith Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”的美国专利No.6,783,524中公开,该专利的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。在图示实施例中,示出了单独的电源线7020。然而,应当理解,可通过工具安装部分7100从机器人控制器11001对其提供动力。外科端部执行器7012还包括可用于将组织夹持到超声钳口部分7014上的可移动钳口7016。可以本文所述的各种方式中的任意一种通过机器人控制器11001选择性地致动可移动的钳口部分7016穿过工具安装部分7100。
图171示出了结合具有包括直线型缝合装置的端部执行器8012的外科工具8000使用本发明的某些实施例的各个方面。端部执行器8012通过上述类型和构造的细长轴组件3700操作地附接到工具安装部分8100。然而,端部执行器8012可通过本文所述的各种其他细长轴组件附接到工具安装部分8100。在一个实施例中,工具安装部分8100可基本上类似于工具安装部分3750。然而,还可使用本文详细描述的各种其他工具安装部分和它们各自的传动装置布置。此类线性缝合压头部分也在例如名称为“SurgicalStapling Device With Staple Driver That Supports Multiple Wire DiameterStaples”的美国专利No.7,673,781中公开,该专利的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
在授予Shelton,IV等人的美国专利公布No.2011/0062212A1中公开的各种传感器实施例可以与本文所公开的许多外科工具实施例一起使用,该专利的公开内容全文以引用的方式并入本文。如上所述,主控制器11001通常包括主控制器(一般表示为11003),在外科医生通过立体显示器11002观察手术的同时,所述主控制器由外科医生抓持并在空中操控。参见图54。主控制器11001是手动输入装置,其优选地以多个自由度运动,并且通常还具有用于致动外科工具的致动手柄。本文所公开的一些外科工具实施例在其工具驱动部分中采用一个或多个马达,以为工具端部执行器提供各种控制运动。此类实施例也可从机器人系统部件中所采用的马达布置中获得另外的控制运动。本文中所公开的其他实施例从机器人系统内的马达布置中获得全部的控制运动。
在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下,此类马达动力布置可采用各种传感器布置,所述传感器布置在上述引用的美国专利申请中公布以为外科医生提供多种形式的反馈。例如,采用手动致动击发触发器的那些主控制器布置11003可使用马达运转传感器以为外科医生提供与施加到切割构件或由其承受的力的大小相关的反馈。马达运转传感器能够与击发触发器部分连通,以检测击发触发器部分何时致动而由端部执行器开始切割/缝合操作。马达运转传感器可以为比例传感器,例如变阻器或可变电阻器。当击发触发器被拉近时,传感器检测此运动,并发送电信号,所述电信号指示提供给相应马达的电压(或功率)。当传感器为可变电阻器等时,马达的转速可与击发触发器的运动量大致成比例。即,如果操作者仅少量牵拉或者闭合击发触发器,则马达的转速相对较低。当完全拉近击发触发器(或者处于完全闭合位置)时,马达的转速为其最大值。换句话讲,外科医生越用力牵拉击发触发器,则施加到马达上的电压就越大,从而转速就越大。其他布置可为外科医生提供反馈计11005并为外科医生提供力的大小的视觉指示,所述反馈计可通过显示器11002观察,并且所述力的大小为施加到切割器械或动态夹紧构件的力的大小。其他传感器布置可用于为主控制器11001提供指示,以指示钉仓是否已加载到端部执行器中、砧座是否在击发之前已运动至闭合位置等。
在另有其他实施例中,本文所公开的各种机器人系统和工具可利用多个上述公开的传感器/转发器布置。此类传感器布置可包括(但不限于)马达运转传感器、反向马达传感器、止动马达传感器、冲程结束传感器、冲程开始传感器、仓闭锁传感器、传感器转发器等。传感器可以结合本文所公开的适用于与机器人系统一起使用的任何外科工具使用。传感器能够与机器人系统控制器连通。在其他实施例中,轴/端部执行器的部件可充当天线在传感器和机器人控制器之间连通。在另有其他实施例中,上述各种远程编程装置布置也可以与机器人控制器一起使用。
在可供选择的实施例中,可结合控制器11001使用马达控制的接口,所述控制器根据外科端部执行器承受的负载(如,夹紧力、切割力等)来限制最大的触发器牵拉力。例如,越难驱动切割器械穿过夹持在端部执行器中的组织,则越难牵拉/致动启动触发器。在其他实施例中,将控制器11001上的触发器布置成使得触发器牵拉位置与端部执行器位置/状况相当。例如,仅当完全击发端部执行器时完全按下触发器。
可将本发明所公开的装置设计为单次使用后即进行处理,或者可将它们设计为可多次使用。然而,在任一种情况下,所述装置均可进行修复,以在至少一次使用后再次使用。重新修复可包括如下步骤的任意组合:拆卸该装置、然后清洗或置换某些部分以及随后组装。特别是,所述装置可以拆卸,而且可以任意组合选择性地置换或移除该装置任意数目的特定零件或部分。清洗和/或置换特定部分后,该装置可以在修复设施处重新组装以便随后使用,或者在即将进行外科手术前由外科手术队重新组装。本领域的技术人员将会知道,装置的修复可利用多种用于拆卸、清洗/置换和重新组装的技术。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
尽管本文已经结合某些公开的实施例描述了本发明,但是可对那些实施例进行多种修改和变型。例如,可采用不同类型的端部执行器。另外,凡是公开了用于某些部件的材料的情形均可使用其它材料。上述描述和以下权利要求旨在涵盖所有这类修改形式和变型。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其他公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本发明所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突的材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。

Claims (14)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
用于接合组织的端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括钉通道和相对于所述钉通道能够枢转地平移的砧座,其中所述砧座和所述钉通道中的至少一者限定纵向通道;
往复式刀,当所述砧座枢转至基本上平行于所述钉通道的位置时,所述往复式刀定位成朝远侧滑动穿过所述纵向通道;
工具安装部分,所述工具安装部分能够与机器人系统交接并且操作地与所述端部执行器连通;
第一传感器,所述第一传感器具有代表所述机器人系统的一部分的第一状况的输出;
第二传感器,所述第二传感器具有代表所述砧座的位置的输出;
第三传感器,所述第三传感器具有代表所述往复式刀的位置的输出并且其中所述机器人系统包括与所述第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器连通的外部可访问存储装置,其中所述存储装置能够记录所述第一传感器、第二传感器和第三传感器的所述输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述存储装置包括输出端口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述存储装置包括可移除介质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述外科器械还包括与所述存储装置连通的第二传感器,所述第二传感器具有代表由所述机器人系统和所述端部执行器组成的组中的至少一者的第二状况的输出,其中所述存储装置还能够记录所述第二传感器的所述输出。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中当所述第一状况改变时和当所述第二状况改变时,所述存储装置能够记录所述第一传感器的所述输出和所述第二传感器的所述输出。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一状况指示所述端部执行器的砧座是位于打开位置还是闭合位置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一状况指示由在所述端部执行器内的刀的位置、所述机器人系统的位置和所述端部执行器施加的压力组成的组中的至少一者。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述存储装置包括由微控制器和电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)组成的组中的至少一者。
9.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一传感器为二进制传感器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一传感器为模拟传感器。
11.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述外科器械还包括与所述第一传感器和所述存储装置连通的模数转换器。
12.一种外科器械,包括:
端部执行器;
工具安装部分,所述工具安装部分能够与机器人系统交接以产生用于致动所述端部执行器的部分的致动运动;
第一传感器,所述第一传感器具有代表所述端部执行器的状况的输出;
第二传感器,所述第二传感器具有代表所述机器人系统的状况的输出;和
与所述第一传感器和所述第二传感器连通的存储装置,其中所述存储装置能够记录所述第一传感器的所述输出和所述第二传感器的所述输出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中所述存储装置包括输出端口和可移除存储介质中的至少一者。
14.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器的所述状况指示由所述端部执行器的刀的位置、所述端部执行器的砧座的位置、钉仓在所述端部执行器中的存在、所述端部执行器施加的力和所述钉仓在所述端部执行器中的状态组成的组中的至少一者。
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US20160249922A1 (en) 2016-09-01
CN103702622B (zh) 2016-11-02
CN103702623B (zh) 2017-06-09
EP3505079A2 (en) 2019-07-03
WO2012166470A1 (en) 2012-12-06
EP3505079A3 (en) 2019-09-04
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EP3505079B1 (en) 2021-12-08
EP3501441A2 (en) 2019-06-26
US11612394B2 (en) 2023-03-28
US20110295295A1 (en) 2011-12-01
BR112013030430A2 (pt) 2016-12-13
EP2713903A1 (en) 2014-04-09
US10780539B2 (en) 2020-09-22
EP2713903B8 (en) 2019-04-03
EP3494898A3 (en) 2019-08-21
US20160199956A1 (en) 2016-07-14
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US20180133856A1 (en) 2018-05-17
US20130012957A1 (en) 2013-01-10
US8844789B2 (en) 2014-09-30
US20140353358A1 (en) 2014-12-04
CN103702622A (zh) 2014-04-02
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BR112013030430B1 (pt) 2020-11-24
BR112013030486A2 (pt) 2016-09-27

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